人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 5 Languages around the world达标测试

这是一份人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 5 Languages around the world达标测试，共7页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，七选五，完形填空，单句语法填空，概要写作等内容，欢迎下载使用。
Unit 5 Languages around the world（本卷满分100分）一、阅读理解（每小题2分，共16分）ACan you remember the day when you spoke your first word? If you can, you are unusual. Try to imagine what first few months of your life were like. I am sure you just spent most of your time eating, sleeping and crying. As you grew older, you were awake more of the time. It took your parents more time to play with you and talk to you. You watched and listened curiously(好奇). You began to know that people made certain sounds to go with certain things.Then you began to try making the sounds you heard. And step by step you were able to make the right sound for one thing. On that day you came to understand the secret of language. The secret is that a certain sound means a certain thing. One sound might be as good as another. But it is no good as a word unless everybody agrees on its meaning. Only when a group of people use the same set of sounds of things, can they understand each other. Then, and only then do these people have a LANGUAGE.After you found the secret of language, you learned words. Some of the words meant things, such as BOOKS, CHAIRS and SHOES. Some words meant doing things, such as GO and SWIM, and other words describe things, such as GOOD and DIRTY. Soon you learned to put words together to express your idea, such as “I want to go out and play with my friends.” This is language. By means of language people can communicate. So we say languages are means of communication.1. _________ can remember the day when __________.A. One; he spoke his first wordB. No one; he spoke his first wordC. Most people; they spoke their first wordsD. None; they spoke their first words2. The secret of language is that__________.  A. one sound might be as good as anotherB. people can understand each otherC. a certain sound is for a certain thingD. there is a special sound for each person3. You could learn words________.A. before you knew what the language wasB. after you knew what the language wasC. before you knew the secret of the languageD. when you were a baby4. The aim in using language is ________.A. to get everything one wants from othersB. to say what one wants to knowC. to share ideas, opinions, news, etc with one anotherD. to make oneself understood by othersBI’m sitting in my kitchen in London, trying to figure out a text message from my brother. He lives in our home country of Germany. We speak German to each other, a language that’s rich in strange words, but I’ve never heard this one before: fremdschämen.The experience gets me to consider: can we lose our mother language? Most immigrants(移民) know what it’s like to be not as good at their mother language as before. The process seems obvious: the longer you are away, the more your language suffers. But it’s not quite so straightforward(简单的). It turns out that how long you’ve been away doesn’t always matter. Socializing with other native speakers abroad can worsen your own native skills. And emotional factors like trauma(精神创伤) can be the biggest factor of all.In children, the phenomenon of language attrition(语言磨蚀) is somewhat easier to explain since their brains are generally more flexible and adaptable. Until the age of about 12, a person’s language skills are relatively easy to change. Studies on international adopters have found that even nine-year-olds can almost completely forget their first language when they are removed from their country of birth.But in adults, the first language is unlikely to disappear entirely except in extreme circumstances. For example, Monika Schmid analyzed the German of elderly German-Jewish wartime refugees(难民) in the UK and the US. The main factor that influenced their language skills wasn’t how long they had been abroad or how old they were when they left. It was how much trauma they had experienced as victims. Those who left Germany in the early days of Nazi occupation, before the worst violence, tended to speak better German — despite having been abroad the longest. Those who left later, tended to speak German with difficulty or not at all.“It seemed very clearly a result of this trauma”, says Schmid. “Even though German was the language of childhood, home and family, it was also the language of painful memories”. The most traumatized refugees had held them back. As one of them said: “I feel that Germany betrayed me. America is my country, and English is my language.”5. What does the first paragraph serve as?A. A comment. B. A background.C. An explanation. D. An introduction.6. What do paragraph 4 and 5 mainly talk about?A. How two languages coexist.B. The way to deal with adult’s trauma.C. The reasons behind adult’s language attrition.D. Whether trauma leads to adult’s language attrition.7. Why does trauma cause a person’s mother language to disappear?A. Because he can’t remember his mother language.B. Because his ability to communicate is affected.C. Because his country is far from him.D. Because he chooses to escape from bad experiences.8. What is the best title for the passage?A. Where does your native language come from?B. Will you lose your native language?C. How does trauma affect your first language?D. How far are you from your mother tongue 二、七选五（每小题2分，共10分）Different CulturesThe cultures of the East and the West really distinguish themselves from each other a lot. 9.       .The origin of the Eastern culture is mainly from two countries: China and India. Both of the two cultures are developed by rivers — the Yellow River in China and the Indus River in India. 10.      When the two mother rivers gave birth to the Eastern culture，another famous culture was brought up on the Mesopotamian plain(美索不达米亚平原) 一the Mesopotamian Civilization. This civilization later on developed into the cultures of Ancient Rome and Ancient Greek. 11.       Like the Chinese culture, the European culture also crossed waters. When the British settled down in America,their culture went with them over the Atlantic Ocean. So the American culture doesn’t distinguish itself from the European culture a lot.12.       Take the language system for example. In the East,most languages belong to the pictographic(象形文字) language while the Western languages are mostly based on the Latin system. Other causes like human race differences count as well. But what’s more,due to the far distance and the steep areas between the East and the West,the two cultures seldom communicate until recent centuries. So they grew up totally in their own ways with almost no interference(干预) from the other. The differences are everywhere. 13.       But different cultures make the world in the 21st century more varied. The cultural gap should not be the obstacle to the civilization of human beings. It ought to be the motivation for our going farther.A. Let us work together to keep a variety of cultures.B. One important thing is to learn about the other’s culture.C. And these two are well-known as the base of the European culture.D. This is because the culture systems are two separate systems on the whole.E. They helped the two cultures develop for centuries and form their own styles.F. They are obvious and affect people’s ways of thinking and their views of the world.G. At the same time,some other differences add to the cultural differences. 三、完形填空（每小题1.5分，共30分）Mastery of a language is one of the greatest    14    that one can ever have. Many people have a passion(激情) for learning languages. Human language evolve(进化) from hand gestures and other signs that people used to    15    with each other. Ancient people started with drawing    16    about what they wanted to say, which later on evolved into some languages, after which many other dialects(方言) have come into    ___17   . With over 2,700 different languages and 7,000 dialects    18    all over the world, the world has many different cultures that    19    speak their native dialects.One such    20    that is even older than the holy book Quran(《古兰经》), the finest work in classical Arabic(阿拉伯语)    21   , is Arabic. It is known to be one of the most    22__    spoken languages, as over 300 million people speak in this tongue. In case you want to learn it, then there are many Arabic translation services that    23    people how to actually speak the language. This language alone has hundreds of different dialects that are used by people depending on what    24    they are at. It is    25    that people who speak    26    languages find it difficult to communicate with each other because of the difference in dialect;    27   , just like every other language, this language also has a standard language which is used in broadcasts, newspapers, magazines and even in    ___28    that teach Arabic as their second language.So if you want to    29    what a person who has a different Arabic dialect is trying to say, you would need the    30    of Arabic translation services. As mentioned earlier, they teach this language; however, you need to have enough time to learn it    ___31_   it is also known to be one of the most    32    languages that one can learn. In fact, many university students who major in this language get help from these agencies, making it    33    for them to learn it.14. A. ways  B. skills  C. expressions D. means15. A. communicate    B. fight  C. compete D. exchange16. A. numbers B. circles  C. maps  D. pictures17. A. sight  B. effect  C. fashion  D. action18. A. concerned B. useful  C. present D. familiar19. A. meanwhile B. still  C. seldom D. never20. A. book  B. game  C. custom D. language21. A. literature B. style  C. theory  D. influence22. A. probably B. necessarily C. widely  D. loudly23. A. advise  B. teach  C. explain D. remind24. A. level  B. length  C. age  D. location25. A. surprising B. comforting C. disappointing D. challenging26. A. foreign  B. native  C. similar  D. various27. A. therefore B. however C. besides D. or28. A. schools  B. restaurants C. hospitals D. supermarkets29. A. repeat  B. forecast C. research D. understand30. A. list   B. help  C. sharing D. review31. A. because  B. though  C. unless  D. until32. A. important B. formal  C. difficult D. lively33. A. safer  B. cheaper C. freer  D. easier 四、单句语法填空（每小题2分，共24分）34. Knowing a foreign language means better job chances in ________ future. 35. This suggests that British attitudes ____________accent have deep roots and are based on class prejudice.36. When he left his____________(nation) country, he said he would not return until he was successful. 37. I’d appreciate ____________if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come. 38. __________ the difficulty, she finally became the first Indian female athlete to compete in the Olympics. 39. The doctor-patient relationship__________(base) on trust, and therefore honesty is essential. 40. They said that due to the　　　　　(globe) warming the forest is producing additional tons of wood each year. 41. The map is of great _____________(important) to you if you want to travel around in the city.42. The house ___________ I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. 43. The blacks in the country want to be treated 　　　　　(equal) in education and employment. 44. ___________ (listen) to English radio programmes helps him get used to how fast native speakers talk. 45. He always repeats what he hears to help __________ (he) to experience the feeling of the language.  五、概要写作（共20分）阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Cultures can be different from each other in many aspects. People can eat different foods and live in different types of houses. People probably speak different languages and have beliefs and customs very different from yours. However, they can be similar in ways of connecting with each other. We sometimes call these means of communication universal languages.Some legends hold that (据说) thousands of years ago there was a single language spoken by everyone. It is fun to think about a time when everyone may have been able to communicate in the same language though historical evidence does not support this, of course.Today, there are thousands of languages spoken around the world. Yet, there are some means of communication that go beyond words and allow people of wildly different backgrounds to communicate and share emotions and feelings. For example, some people believe music is a universal language. There may be some scientific support for this idea, too. Experts have learned that across cultures people can recognize three common emotions in music: happiness, sadness and fear.Another universal language that you might not have thought of is math! If you think about it now, it just makes sense. The value of “pi” is roughly 3.14159 no matter where you are. Similarly, we judge the value of something by the same mathematical calculations, no matter whether you’re counting in dollars, pounds or RMB．                                          高一上学期训练卷必修一 Unit5Languages around the world 英  语  （二）答案一、阅读理解（每小题2分，共16分）【答案】1-4 BCBC【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了语言的学习过程和人们使用语言的目的。1. 推理判断题。根据第一段第一句“Can you remember the day when you spoke your first word? If you can, you are unusual.”可知如果你能记住你说的第一句话，你就是不同寻常的。由此可推测没有人能记住自己说的第一句话的。故选B。2. 细节理解题。由第二段第四句“The secret is that a certain sound means a certain thing”可知，秘密就是一种特定的声音意味着一件事，故选C。3. 细节理解题。由第三段第一句“After you found the secret of language, you learned words”可知当你发现了语言的秘密之后，你学会了一些单词。即当你了解了语言是什么之后，你会学会一些单词。故选B。4. 细节理解题。由最后一段最后一句“By the way of language people can communicate. So we say languages mean communication”可知，通过语言，人们可以交流。所以我们使用语言的目的在于交流，和他人分享意见观点。故选C。【答案】5-8 DCDB【解析】作者由一封信中的生词引发自己的疑问：我们的母语会消失吗？然后通过德国犹太战时难民的例子向大家证明了一个道理：母语会不会消失不在于你离开故乡多久，心理因素才是最大的影响。5. 推理判断题。本文第一段的内容是：作者收到弟弟的信息，却看不懂里边的生词。由第二段首句的“The experience gets me to consider: can we lose our mother language?”可知，这个情景让作者开始思考，母语会消失吗？也就是说第一段的目的就是引出本文主题内容，是一个引子。A. A comment评论，意见；B. A background背景；C. An explanation解释；D. An introduction引言。故选D。6. 主旨大意题。第四段第二句“For example”，说明后边的举例是为了说明首句的中心。第四段首句内容为“对于成人，除非是在极端情况下，第一语言几乎不可能全部消失。”第四段内容是从整体难民的情况来论证中心，第五段是通过两个人的论述证明中心。所以第四段和第五段内容都是以第四段首句为中心的，为了说明成人语言磨蚀的原因。故选C。7. 细节理解题。由最后一段中Schmid的论述可知，虽然德语是他的母语，但是也是痛苦记忆的语言。所以身心受创的难民不想提及它们（held them back）。也就是说他们选择逃避坏的经历。故选D。8. 主旨大意题。由文章第二段中的“The experience gets me to consider: can we lose our mother language?”可知，本文主要探讨的问题就是：我们会失去我们的母语吗？故选B。 二、七选五（每小题2分，共10分）【答案】9-13 DECGF【解析】本文介绍了东西方文化的起源和发展，以及它们之间的差异。9. 考查过渡句。上文说东西方文化真的有很大不同，D项说明了原因，符合语境。故选D项。10. 考查承上启下句。根据“Both of the two cultures are developed by rivers — the Yellow River in China and the Indus River in India”可知，中国的母亲河是黄河，而印度的母亲河则是印度河。E项与上句为承接关系，其中“They”指代的是黄河和印度河。故选E项。11. 考查承上启下句。C项中的“these two”与上文中提到的古罗马文化和古希腊文化相对应。故选C项。12. 考查主旨句。空处为本段段首句。空后内容讲述的是东西方文化采用了不同的语言体系。这是两种文化的又一不同之处。综合选项可知，G项符合语境，引出下文。13. 考查承上启下句。根据上一句“The differences are everywhere”可知，本句应进一步论述它们的影响。分析选项可知，F项符合语境。 三、完形填空（每小题1.5分，共30分）【答案】14-18 BADBC 9-23 BDACB  24-28 DACBA 29-33 DBACD【解析】文章介绍了世界语言的概括和被广泛使用的阿拉伯语的情况。14. 考查名词。句意：掌握一门语言是你所能拥有的最棒的技能之一。A. ways方法；B. skills技能；C. expressions表达；D. means手段，方法。故选B。15. 考查名词。句意：人类语言是由手势和其他人们用来相互交流的符号演变而来的。A. communicate交流；B. fight打架，作斗争；C. compete竞争，比赛；D. exchange交易，交换。故选A。16. 考查名词。句意：古代的人们开始是把他们想说的东西画成画，后来演变成一些语言，之后许多其他的方言也可以有效交流了。A. numbers数字；B. circles循环，圆圈；C. maps地图；D. pictures图画。故选D。17. 考查名词。句意：古代的人们开始把他们想说的东西画出来，后来演变成一些语言，之后许多其他的方言也可以有效交流了。A. sight视力，景色；B. effect影响，效果；C. fashion时尚，时装；D. action行动，活动。短语come into effect意为“开始生效”，故选B。18. 考查形容词。句意：世界上存在超过2700种不同的语言和7000种方言。A. concerned有关的，关心的；B. useful有用的；C. present存在的；D. familiar熟悉的，常见的。故选C。19. 考查副词。句意：世界有许多不同的文明，仍然说着自己的母语。A. meanwhile同时，期间；B. still仍然；C. seldom很少；D. never从不。故选B。20. 考查名词。句意：其中一种语言，阿拉伯语，甚至比古兰经（阿拉伯文经典著作中最好的作品）还要古老。A. book书籍；B. game游戏；C. custom习俗，惯例；D. language语言。故选D。21. 考查名词。句意：其中一种语言，阿拉伯语，甚至比古兰经（阿拉伯文经典著作中最好的作品）还要古老。A. literature文学，著作；B. style风格，时尚；C. theory理论，原理；D. influence影响。故选A。22. 考查副词。句意：众所周知，它是最被广泛使用的语言之一，因为有超过3亿人用这种语言说话。A. probably大概，可能；B. necessarily必要地；C. widely广泛地；D. loudly大声地，响亮地。故选C。23. 考查动词。句意：如果你想要学习它，那么有很多阿拉伯语翻译服务项目教会人们如何真正地说这种语言。A. advise建议；B. teach教；C. explain解释；D. remind提醒，使想起。故选B。24. 考查名词。句意：这种语言本身就有数百种不同的方言，被住在不同地方的人们使用。A. level水平；B. length长度；C. age年龄；D. location位置。故选D。25. 考查形容词。句意：令人惊讶的是，因为方言的差异，说类似语言的人却很难相互交流。A. surprising令人惊讶的；B. comforting安慰的；C. disappointing令人失望的；D. challenging挑战的。故选A。26. 考查形容词。句意：令人惊讶的是，因为方言的差异，说类似语言的人却很难相互交流。A. foreign国外的；B. native本国的；C. similar相似的；D. various各种各样的。故选C。27. 考查副词。句意：然而，就像其他语言一样，这种语言也有一种标准语言，用于广播、报纸、杂志，甚至在学校将标准阿拉伯语当作第二语言来教授。A. therefore因此；B. however然而；C. besides另外；D. or或者。故选B。28. 考查名词。句意：然而，就像其他语言一样，这种语言也有一种标准语言，用于广播、报纸、杂志，甚至在学校将标准阿拉伯语当作第二语言来教授。A. schools学校；B. restaurants餐厅；C. hospitals医院；D. supermarkets超市。根据后面“teach Arabic as their second language.”可推知，是学校，故选A。29. 考查动词。句意：所以如果你想理解一个说不同的阿拉伯方言的人想说的是什么，你需要阿拉伯语翻译服务的帮助。A. repeat重复；B. forecast预测；C. research研究；D. understand理解。故选D。30. 考查名词。句意：所以如果你想了解一个说不同的阿拉伯方言的人想说的是什么，你需要阿拉伯语翻译服务的帮助。A. list列表；B. help帮助；C. sharing分享；D. review回顾，复习。故选B。31. 考查连词。句意：因为它也被认为是你学习的最困难的语言之一。A. because因为；B. though虽然；C. unless除非；D. until直到…时。故选A。32. 考查形容词。句意：因为它也被认为是你学习的最困难的语言之一。A. important重要的；B. formal正式的；C. difficult困难的；D. lively活泼的。故选C。33. 考查形容词比较级。句意：事实上，许多主修这门语言的大学生从这些机构得到帮助，使他们学习起来更容易。A. safer更安全；B. cheaper更便宜；C. freer更自由；D. easier更容易。故选D。 四、单句语法填空（每小题2分，共24分）【答案】the【解析】in future的意思是从今以后，往后，是不久以后的意思；in the future意思是在未来，在将来，强调的是长远的未来。【答案】to/towards【解析】句意：这表明英国人对于口音的态度根深蒂固，且源于阶级歧视。固定短语attitude towards/to sth.对某事的态度，故填to/towards。【答案】native【解析】句意：在他离开自己祖国的时候，他说功成名就之时便是衣锦还乡之日。“country”前应用形容词形式，故填native。【答案】it【解析】“I’d appreciate it if...”是固定句式，后接条件状语从句，意为“如果... ...我将非常感谢”，故填it。【答案】Despite【解析】句意：尽管苦难重重，她最终成为了参与奥运会的第一名印度女性。前后表转折关系，“despite”是介词，后接名词。故填Despite。【答案】is based【解析】句意：医患关系建立在信任的基础上，因此诚信是基本要素。“be based on”建立在... ...基础上，且该句采用第三人称单数形式的一般现在时态，故填is based。【答案】global【解析】“the _______ warming”中“warming”前应填形容词形式，意为全球变暖。句意：他们说由于全球变暖，森林每年都额外产出大量树木。故填global。【答案】importance【解析】be of+n.= be+adj.，句中表示非常重要，故填importance。【答案】where/in which【解析】本句中先行词the house为下文的逻辑宾语，指物，又因为下文句子结构不完整，还原后应是“I lived in the house”，故填where/in which。【答案】equally【解析】句意：这个国家的黑人希望在教育和招聘领域得到平等对待。“be treated”后应接副词形式，故填equally。【答案】Listening【解析】句意：听英文广播节目帮他习惯了外国人的快语速。“listening”是非谓语动词中动名词作主语的用法，故填listening。【答案】himself【解析】句意：他总是重复他所听到的内容，这让他对该语言有所体会。help sb. to do sth.帮助某人做某事，又根据句意可知，此处是帮助他自己，故填反身代词himself。 五、概要写作（共20分）Possible version 1:Although there exist some differences in people’s diets, housing, languages, beliefs and customs globally, people can still communicate with each other in universal languages.(要点1) It’s even interesting to think that people used to speak the same language in the ancient world. (要点2) Music is believed to be a universal language that can make people share common emotions.(要点3) The same is also true for math, because the value of something remains unchanged (fixed) wherever you are and whichever way you are calculating.(要点4)Possible version 2:Though cultures may be different in diets, housing, languages and beliefs, people can communicate with each other through universal languages. (要点1) It is said that people used to speak only one language but there are no convincing facts of it. (要点2)However, music is considered a universal language as it conveys the basic feelings like happiness, sadness and fear. (要点3) Maths is another universal language because people value things with the same criteria no matter what measurements they use. (要点4)Possible version 3:Though cultures may be different in many ways, people can communicate with each other through universal languages. (要点1)It is said that people used to speak only one language but there are no convincing facts of it. (要点2)Music is considered a universal language because people can find some common feelings in it. (要点3) Maths is also a universal language since some mathematical calculations are fixed among people. (要点4)Possible version 4Although cultures vary/ differ worldwide in food, living, languages and beliefs, they shares similarities in what we called universal languages. (要点一)Interestingly, legendary beliefs claim that a single language was spoken in ancient times, which lacks convincing facts.（要点二）Nowadays,some forms of languages can be recognized universally. For instance, people enjoy a mutual understanding of music regardless of their backgrounds.（要点三）Math is another example because the same calculation methods can be adopted to judge the value wherever we are. (要点四）