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2021年高考英语二轮复习——专题限时集训10 阅读理解—词义猜测之推测单词、短语、句子的含义学案
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这是一份2021年高考英语二轮复习——专题限时集训10 阅读理解—词义猜测之推测单词、短语、句子的含义学案，共7页。学案主要包含了语篇解读等内容，欢迎下载使用。
Jsh Mrrisn，17，dreamed f raising $100，000 t build a hme fr a lwincme family. After years f hard wrk，his dream has cme true. The huse is nw in the early stages f building.
Six years ag，Jsh and his dad went int a Habitat fr Humanity Restre，a hme imprvement stre and dnatin center run by the nnprfit rganizatin.They were there t buy a sink. Jsh, then 11，als nticed a cllectin f pennies.“I instantly felt the urge t help ut with that，”he said. Jsh set a fundraising(筹款) deadline f fur years. Many peple dubted whether he culd reach his gal f $100，000，but it didn't shake his faith.He raised mney at his schl and ther nearby schls. He cllected mney frm neighbrs, gt publicity frm lcal newspapers，and placed cans in stres s that peple culd dnate extra change.
Jsh's fundraising effrts began t prduce results.Still，there were challenges.Fur mnths befre his deadline，he was $30，000 shrt.He decided t hld a Family Fun Fair and Spaghetti Dinner in Uxbridge，which is in the prvince f Ontari.The event raised $19，000.
“I didn't care hw lng it tk me，”Jsh said.“I wuld raise $100，000.”With three weeks left，a cmpany called Jsh's huse，ffering t dnate $18，000.Eventually，Jsh reached a ttal f $124，000 befre his deadline.“The mmentum just kept ging，and we decided t d mre，”he said.“Jsh's Penny Huse” is being built by Habitat fr Humanity in the city f Oshawa，alng with 24 new twnhuses.Jsh has helped with sme f the cnstructin，as have ther vlunteers.He will chse the family that mves int the unit.
Next year，the 17yearld will head t cllege in British Clumbia，Canada's westernmst prvince.As a 11yearld kid when starting fundraising，Jsh was able t send a pwerful message acrss the wrld.N matter hw ld yu are，if yu have a dream and are willing t d anything t achieve it，it can cme true.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。一个11岁的少年因一次偶然的经历决定为低收入家庭募捐建房，经过数年的不懈努力，实现了这一梦想。
1．Which wrd can best describe Jsh Mrrisn in Paragraph 2?
A．Straightfrward.B．Openminded.
C．Determined. D．Cautius.
C [考查推理判断。结合文中对Jsh Mrrisn筹款过程的描述以及第二段中的Many peple dubted whether he culd reach his gal f $100, 000, but it didn't shake his faith.可知，尽管很多人怀疑他是不是能在四年中完成这件事，但是他信念坚定。由此可见他是“意志坚定的”。]
2．Why was the Family Fun Fair and Spaghetti Dinner event in Uxbridge held?
A．T call fr mre attentin.
B．T attain his gal.
C．T win apprval frm the lcals.
D．T find spnsrs fr a family.
B [考查细节理解。根据第二段中的his gal f $100, 000和第三段的内容可知，在截止日期前的四个月，离他的筹款目标还差30, 000美元，于是他决定举办这个活动来达到目标。]
3．What des the underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 mean?
A．His prject became mre ppular.
B．He received cntinuus dnatins.
C．The result was beynd expectatins.
D．He gt mre supprt frm the cmpany.
B [考查句意理解。根据下文中的we decided t d mre以及后面的句子“Jhn's Penny new twnhuses.”可知，捐款势头一直保持下去，他收到了比最初目标多的钱，于是打算做更多，他帮助建造Jsh's Penny Huse以及24所新住宅来帮助需要的人，所以画线处应意为“他继续收到捐款”。]
4．What will be the best title f the text?
A．An Astnishing Fundraiser
B．A By with a Warm Heart
C．Kindness frm a Cmpany
D．The Penny Huse Dream
D [考查标题判断。文章主要讲述了一个11岁的少年经过几年不懈的努力，实现为低收入家庭募捐建房的梦想的经历。本文提到的Jsh's Penny Huse是解题的暗示。钱是Jsh一分分筹来的，因此本文最佳标题是D。]
B (2019·石家庄市质检)
While visiting the Nrth Ple in winter may nt be at the tp f yur bucket list，the everchanging ICEHOTEL，which pened its drs t visitrs n December 14 this year，may change yur mind.200 km nrth f the Arctic Circle in the Swedish village f Jukkasjärvi，the htel，which is carved entirely frm ice，is rebuilt annually.
The 35 rms，built t accmmdate visitrs n all kinds f budgets，vary frm expensive suites t basic rms that are furnished with just an icy bed and a reindeer skin.Amng the highlights this year is the “Spruce Wds” suite. Sculpted by Christpher Pasce and Jennie O'Keefe f Canada，it describes a camping scene cmplete with a classic micrbus，a frest，and even an artificial campfire.
There is als the artfullycarved“Living Ocean” suite t remind visitrs f the imprtance f saving ur ceans.The rm is full f carved sea life that includes cral and a shark “swimming”right ver the ice bed.“The suite is inspired by glbal warming and the verfishing that affects ur ceans，”says artist Jnathan Paul Green.“I als think the idea f using frzen water frm a river in nrthern Sweden t create an cean with shells，fish，and cral is exciting.”
The nearby “Haven” suite is a “magical gate f ice” guarded by tw large animals.“We are inspired by the meeting between peple and want t create an experience that stimulates curisity and creativity，”says artist Jnas Jhanssn.“It feels like a dream t get t wrk with ice that allws ur lve fr light，shine，and reflectin t wander freely frm thught t creatin.”
Regardless f whether visitrs select the carved suites r the basic ice rms，the temperature is always set t a bnechilling －5℃！That is why guests are advised t snuggle(蜷伏) up inside sleeping bags and wear glves and winter hats all night.Nt surprisingly，mst end up spending just a single night at this unique htel befre mving n t the cnventinal and warmer htels nearby.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了北极圈的一家用冰建成的旅馆。
5．What des the underlined phrase“bucket list” mean in the text?
A．A shpping list f buckets.
B．A list f travelling destinatins.
C．A list f expensive htels.
D．A list f exciting ideas.
B [考查词义猜测。根据第一段第一句可知，虽然冬天去北极旅游可能不是你的首选，但这家不断变化的冰旅馆可能会改变你的想法；该旅馆于今年12月14日向游客开放。由该句中的visiting the Nrth Ple; the everchanging ICEHOTEL; visitrs，并结合语境可推知，画线词意为“旅游目的地的列表”，故B项正确。]
6．What can we knw abut the icehtel?
A．It is rebuilt every year.
B．Its rms are expensive.
C．It rganizes camping activities.
D．It lies in a castal city.
A [考查细节理解。根据第一段第二句可知，这家完全由冰雕刻而成的宾馆每年都会重建，故A项正确。]
7．Where des the inspiratin f “Living Ocean” suite cme frm?
A．Art and literature.
B．Ocean life and vyages.
C．Climate change and human influence.
D．The meeting f peple.
C [考查细节理解。根据第三段第三句可知，这间套房的灵感来自全球变暖和影响海洋的过度捕捞，故C项正确。]
8．Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A．An Adventure t the Nrth Ple
B．An Experience Chse t Nature
C．A Taste f Cld；A Night in a Village
D．A Winter Destinatin：Sweden's Icehtel
D [考查标题判断。根据全文内容，尤其是第一段第二句可知，本文主要介绍了冬季旅游的好去处：瑞典冰旅馆，故D项最适合作本文标题。]
C (2019·山西省六校测试)
Sleeping in a nisy rm isn't nly distracting(使人分心的)，and it can als harm yur health.Althugh researchers have knwn fr decades that lngterm lud nises can harm us，it's nly recently becme recgnized as a widespread issue.
In a new review f previusly published studies，researchers frm Germany and Denmark tk a lk at the ways in which nises，such as an airplane passing by r jackhammer digging in the grund，can affect ur hearts.Perhaps the mst bvius impact f a lud sund while yu are sleeping is that it can wake yu up.But，even if yu dn't remember hearing the nise r yu dn't physically get ut f bed，it can disrupt yu in ways yu may nt realize.
“Nise is nt just causing annyance，but it actually makes us sick，”said Dr Thmas Münzel，a prfessr at Jhannes Gutenberg University Mainz.“Regardless f where the sund is cming frm，if it gets luder than 60 decibels(分贝)，it can increase the risk f heart disease.”
When ur bdy hears these nises，it reacts with a stress reactin.In this case，these sudden and unexpected nises cause hrmnes(荷尔蒙) t speed up and eventually damage the heart.Althugh the chance that a single nise will affect yu is unlikely，it's the cnstant expsure t the sund that can eventually affect yu.
“But ur heart health isn't the nly cause fr cncern.Lngterm nise may als raise the risk f type 2 diabetes，depressin，and anxiety disrders，”he warns.In the future，Münzel plans t examine hw nises frm cars，planes，and ther vehicles affect the brain. But despite the amunt r the depth f research he cnducts，it'll take the help f pliticians t imprve the impact f nise n ur health.
“Pliticians have t take int accunt，in particular，the new findings，”Münzel said.“With respect t aircraft nise and airprts，it is imprtant t make new laws and set new lwer nise limits that prtect peple living clse by the airprt instead f the wners f the airprt.”
【语篇解读】 本文讲述了德国和丹麦的研究人员研究噪声对人们健康产生的影响，呼吁政治家们关注噪声污染并采取措施解决噪声污染。
9．What d researchers frm Germany and Denmark find?
A．Nise des little harm t peple wh are asleep.
B．Nise can cause peple's memry t get wrse sharply.
C．Nise has been a widespread cncern fr a lng time.
D．Nise luder than 60 decibels may cause heart disease.
D [考查细节理解。根据第三段最后一句中的if it gets luder than 60 decibels(分贝), it can increase the risk f heart disease可知，答案为D。]
10．Which wrd can replace the underlined wrd“disrupt” in Paragraph 2?
A．Defeat. B．Harm.
C．Affect. D．Discurage.
B [考查词义猜测。根据第二段中最后一句可知，即使你忘记曾听到这样的噪声或者你并没有起床，噪声仍然以你察觉不到的方式对你造成伤害。故选B项。]
11．What can we infer frm the last tw paragraphs?
A．Pliticians shuld take actin t handle nise pllutin.
B．Münzel will cntinue ther studies n brain diseases.
C．Benefits f airprt wners are mre imprtant than health.
D．Attentin shuld be paid t heart health and ther diseases.
A [考查推理判断。根据最后一段内容可知，政治家们必须考虑到这些调查结果。至于飞机噪声和机场，重要的是制定新的法规和更低噪声的限度来保护机场附近的居民而不是保护机场所有者的利益。故答案为A项。]
12．Which can be the best title fr the text?
A．Wh Is t Blame fr Nise Pllutin
B．What Shuld Be Dne t Stp Nise
C．Hw Münzel Carried Out His Research
D．Hw Nise Pllutin Harms Our Bdy
D [考查标题判断。本文着重讲述了德国和丹麦的研究人员对于噪声如何影响人们的心脏进行了研究。听见噪声的时候，我们的身体会产生应激反应。在这种情况下，出乎意料的噪声会导致荷尔蒙分泌加快，最终损害心脏。故答案为D项。A、B、C项都是属于文中的细节内容，不能概括全文的中心思想。]
Jsh Mrrisn，17，dreamed f raising $100，000 t build a hme fr a lwincme family. After years f hard wrk，his dream has cme true. The huse is nw in the early stages f building.
Six years ag，Jsh and his dad went int a Habitat fr Humanity Restre，a hme imprvement stre and dnatin center run by the nnprfit rganizatin.They were there t buy a sink. Jsh, then 11，als nticed a cllectin f pennies.“I instantly felt the urge t help ut with that，”he said. Jsh set a fundraising(筹款) deadline f fur years. Many peple dubted whether he culd reach his gal f $100，000，but it didn't shake his faith.He raised mney at his schl and ther nearby schls. He cllected mney frm neighbrs, gt publicity frm lcal newspapers，and placed cans in stres s that peple culd dnate extra change.
Jsh's fundraising effrts began t prduce results.Still，there were challenges.Fur mnths befre his deadline，he was $30，000 shrt.He decided t hld a Family Fun Fair and Spaghetti Dinner in Uxbridge，which is in the prvince f Ontari.The event raised $19，000.
“I didn't care hw lng it tk me，”Jsh said.“I wuld raise $100，000.”With three weeks left，a cmpany called Jsh's huse，ffering t dnate $18，000.Eventually，Jsh reached a ttal f $124，000 befre his deadline.“The mmentum just kept ging，and we decided t d mre，”he said.“Jsh's Penny Huse” is being built by Habitat fr Humanity in the city f Oshawa，alng with 24 new twnhuses.Jsh has helped with sme f the cnstructin，as have ther vlunteers.He will chse the family that mves int the unit.
Next year，the 17yearld will head t cllege in British Clumbia，Canada's westernmst prvince.As a 11yearld kid when starting fundraising，Jsh was able t send a pwerful message acrss the wrld.N matter hw ld yu are，if yu have a dream and are willing t d anything t achieve it，it can cme true.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。一个11岁的少年因一次偶然的经历决定为低收入家庭募捐建房，经过数年的不懈努力，实现了这一梦想。
1．Which wrd can best describe Jsh Mrrisn in Paragraph 2?
A．Straightfrward.B．Openminded.
C．Determined. D．Cautius.
C [考查推理判断。结合文中对Jsh Mrrisn筹款过程的描述以及第二段中的Many peple dubted whether he culd reach his gal f $100, 000, but it didn't shake his faith.可知，尽管很多人怀疑他是不是能在四年中完成这件事，但是他信念坚定。由此可见他是“意志坚定的”。]
2．Why was the Family Fun Fair and Spaghetti Dinner event in Uxbridge held?
A．T call fr mre attentin.
B．T attain his gal.
C．T win apprval frm the lcals.
D．T find spnsrs fr a family.
B [考查细节理解。根据第二段中的his gal f $100, 000和第三段的内容可知，在截止日期前的四个月，离他的筹款目标还差30, 000美元，于是他决定举办这个活动来达到目标。]
3．What des the underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 mean?
A．His prject became mre ppular.
B．He received cntinuus dnatins.
C．The result was beynd expectatins.
D．He gt mre supprt frm the cmpany.
B [考查句意理解。根据下文中的we decided t d mre以及后面的句子“Jhn's Penny new twnhuses.”可知，捐款势头一直保持下去，他收到了比最初目标多的钱，于是打算做更多，他帮助建造Jsh's Penny Huse以及24所新住宅来帮助需要的人，所以画线处应意为“他继续收到捐款”。]
4．What will be the best title f the text?
A．An Astnishing Fundraiser
B．A By with a Warm Heart
C．Kindness frm a Cmpany
D．The Penny Huse Dream
D [考查标题判断。文章主要讲述了一个11岁的少年经过几年不懈的努力，实现为低收入家庭募捐建房的梦想的经历。本文提到的Jsh's Penny Huse是解题的暗示。钱是Jsh一分分筹来的，因此本文最佳标题是D。]
B (2019·石家庄市质检)
While visiting the Nrth Ple in winter may nt be at the tp f yur bucket list，the everchanging ICEHOTEL，which pened its drs t visitrs n December 14 this year，may change yur mind.200 km nrth f the Arctic Circle in the Swedish village f Jukkasjärvi，the htel，which is carved entirely frm ice，is rebuilt annually.
The 35 rms，built t accmmdate visitrs n all kinds f budgets，vary frm expensive suites t basic rms that are furnished with just an icy bed and a reindeer skin.Amng the highlights this year is the “Spruce Wds” suite. Sculpted by Christpher Pasce and Jennie O'Keefe f Canada，it describes a camping scene cmplete with a classic micrbus，a frest，and even an artificial campfire.
There is als the artfullycarved“Living Ocean” suite t remind visitrs f the imprtance f saving ur ceans.The rm is full f carved sea life that includes cral and a shark “swimming”right ver the ice bed.“The suite is inspired by glbal warming and the verfishing that affects ur ceans，”says artist Jnathan Paul Green.“I als think the idea f using frzen water frm a river in nrthern Sweden t create an cean with shells，fish，and cral is exciting.”
The nearby “Haven” suite is a “magical gate f ice” guarded by tw large animals.“We are inspired by the meeting between peple and want t create an experience that stimulates curisity and creativity，”says artist Jnas Jhanssn.“It feels like a dream t get t wrk with ice that allws ur lve fr light，shine，and reflectin t wander freely frm thught t creatin.”
Regardless f whether visitrs select the carved suites r the basic ice rms，the temperature is always set t a bnechilling －5℃！That is why guests are advised t snuggle(蜷伏) up inside sleeping bags and wear glves and winter hats all night.Nt surprisingly，mst end up spending just a single night at this unique htel befre mving n t the cnventinal and warmer htels nearby.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了北极圈的一家用冰建成的旅馆。
5．What des the underlined phrase“bucket list” mean in the text?
A．A shpping list f buckets.
B．A list f travelling destinatins.
C．A list f expensive htels.
D．A list f exciting ideas.
B [考查词义猜测。根据第一段第一句可知，虽然冬天去北极旅游可能不是你的首选，但这家不断变化的冰旅馆可能会改变你的想法；该旅馆于今年12月14日向游客开放。由该句中的visiting the Nrth Ple; the everchanging ICEHOTEL; visitrs，并结合语境可推知，画线词意为“旅游目的地的列表”，故B项正确。]
6．What can we knw abut the icehtel?
A．It is rebuilt every year.
B．Its rms are expensive.
C．It rganizes camping activities.
D．It lies in a castal city.
A [考查细节理解。根据第一段第二句可知，这家完全由冰雕刻而成的宾馆每年都会重建，故A项正确。]
7．Where des the inspiratin f “Living Ocean” suite cme frm?
A．Art and literature.
B．Ocean life and vyages.
C．Climate change and human influence.
D．The meeting f peple.
C [考查细节理解。根据第三段第三句可知，这间套房的灵感来自全球变暖和影响海洋的过度捕捞，故C项正确。]
8．Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A．An Adventure t the Nrth Ple
B．An Experience Chse t Nature
C．A Taste f Cld；A Night in a Village
D．A Winter Destinatin：Sweden's Icehtel
D [考查标题判断。根据全文内容，尤其是第一段第二句可知，本文主要介绍了冬季旅游的好去处：瑞典冰旅馆，故D项最适合作本文标题。]
C (2019·山西省六校测试)
Sleeping in a nisy rm isn't nly distracting(使人分心的)，and it can als harm yur health.Althugh researchers have knwn fr decades that lngterm lud nises can harm us，it's nly recently becme recgnized as a widespread issue.
In a new review f previusly published studies，researchers frm Germany and Denmark tk a lk at the ways in which nises，such as an airplane passing by r jackhammer digging in the grund，can affect ur hearts.Perhaps the mst bvius impact f a lud sund while yu are sleeping is that it can wake yu up.But，even if yu dn't remember hearing the nise r yu dn't physically get ut f bed，it can disrupt yu in ways yu may nt realize.
“Nise is nt just causing annyance，but it actually makes us sick，”said Dr Thmas Münzel，a prfessr at Jhannes Gutenberg University Mainz.“Regardless f where the sund is cming frm，if it gets luder than 60 decibels(分贝)，it can increase the risk f heart disease.”
When ur bdy hears these nises，it reacts with a stress reactin.In this case，these sudden and unexpected nises cause hrmnes(荷尔蒙) t speed up and eventually damage the heart.Althugh the chance that a single nise will affect yu is unlikely，it's the cnstant expsure t the sund that can eventually affect yu.
“But ur heart health isn't the nly cause fr cncern.Lngterm nise may als raise the risk f type 2 diabetes，depressin，and anxiety disrders，”he warns.In the future，Münzel plans t examine hw nises frm cars，planes，and ther vehicles affect the brain. But despite the amunt r the depth f research he cnducts，it'll take the help f pliticians t imprve the impact f nise n ur health.
“Pliticians have t take int accunt，in particular，the new findings，”Münzel said.“With respect t aircraft nise and airprts，it is imprtant t make new laws and set new lwer nise limits that prtect peple living clse by the airprt instead f the wners f the airprt.”
【语篇解读】 本文讲述了德国和丹麦的研究人员研究噪声对人们健康产生的影响，呼吁政治家们关注噪声污染并采取措施解决噪声污染。
9．What d researchers frm Germany and Denmark find?
A．Nise des little harm t peple wh are asleep.
B．Nise can cause peple's memry t get wrse sharply.
C．Nise has been a widespread cncern fr a lng time.
D．Nise luder than 60 decibels may cause heart disease.
D [考查细节理解。根据第三段最后一句中的if it gets luder than 60 decibels(分贝), it can increase the risk f heart disease可知，答案为D。]
10．Which wrd can replace the underlined wrd“disrupt” in Paragraph 2?
A．Defeat. B．Harm.
C．Affect. D．Discurage.
B [考查词义猜测。根据第二段中最后一句可知，即使你忘记曾听到这样的噪声或者你并没有起床，噪声仍然以你察觉不到的方式对你造成伤害。故选B项。]
11．What can we infer frm the last tw paragraphs?
A．Pliticians shuld take actin t handle nise pllutin.
B．Münzel will cntinue ther studies n brain diseases.
C．Benefits f airprt wners are mre imprtant than health.
D．Attentin shuld be paid t heart health and ther diseases.
A [考查推理判断。根据最后一段内容可知，政治家们必须考虑到这些调查结果。至于飞机噪声和机场，重要的是制定新的法规和更低噪声的限度来保护机场附近的居民而不是保护机场所有者的利益。故答案为A项。]
12．Which can be the best title fr the text?
A．Wh Is t Blame fr Nise Pllutin
B．What Shuld Be Dne t Stp Nise
C．Hw Münzel Carried Out His Research
D．Hw Nise Pllutin Harms Our Bdy
D [考查标题判断。本文着重讲述了德国和丹麦的研究人员对于噪声如何影响人们的心脏进行了研究。听见噪声的时候，我们的身体会产生应激反应。在这种情况下，出乎意料的噪声会导致荷尔蒙分泌加快，最终损害心脏。故答案为D项。A、B、C项都是属于文中的细节内容，不能概括全文的中心思想。]
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