2022届高考英语一轮复习课时练习（新教材外研版）Unit 3 The world of science

这是一份2022届高考英语一轮复习课时练习（新教材外研版）Unit 3 The world of science，共10页。

Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Sngkran
(2021·湖南百校联考)
Duratin：frm April 12 t 15,2020 in Phuket (The dates vary depending n the regins)．
Lcatin：Sngkran is the Thai New Year.The entire cuntry gets a lt f days ff，and mst Thai peple will be ging back hme t celebrate Sngkran with their families.Just expect a lt f traffic jams n the rad as everyne is ut n pick-up trucks，thrwing water at each ther.
Details：Starting in the early mrning n April 13th，the water ceremny will take many frms.Initially，yu are nly suppsed t sprinkle(洒) yur family with a tiny cup f water at hme.It’s gd luck.Then yu sprinkle a statue f Buddha very respectfully and d a little pray.
Later in the mrning，the game starts t change.Because this is the httest time f the year，sprinkling each ther with water is a lt f fun.Add a little beer t that and Sngkran turns int a cuntry-wide water war.
It starts rather gently in Phuket Twn arund 10 am，turning t water dgfights(混战) in the afternn in Patng，Kata and Karn，and ends full-scale wet war zne in Bangla Rad until late at night.
Survival Tips：
★ Dn’t drive a bike if yu can avid it.It’s slippery and the tendency t clse eyes when water is thrwn at yu is dangerus.
★ Get a waterprf camera
★ Be aware f majr traffic jams in twns，mstly in Patng Beach.
★ Dn’t carry anything that desn’t resist water.
★ Dn’t wear expensive clthing.
★ Be aware f the sun!
★ Have fun! Dn’t take it t seriusly；it’s gd.
1．Why d traffic jams happen during Sngkran?
A．The rad is slippery.
B．The entire cuntry gets a lt f days ff.
C．The peple are thrwing water at each ther.
D．Everyne is sprinkling his family n the rad.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段的倒数第一句可知，因为每个人都在外面的皮卡车上相互泼水，所以道路上交通堵塞严重。由此可知，在泼水节期间发生交通堵塞是因为人们在相互泼水。故选C项。
2．What’s the first step t celebrate Sngkran?
A．Ding a little pray.
B．Sprinkling a statue f Buddha.
C．Sprinkling family with a little water.
D．Sprinkling each ther with much beer.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段的第二句“Initially，yu are nly suppsed t sprinkle(洒) yur family with a tiny cup f water at hme.”可知，一开始你应该向你的家人洒一小杯水。由此可知，庆祝泼水节的第一步是给家人洒点水。故选C项。
3．Which f the fllwing is recmmended during Sngkran?
A．Carrying an umbrella.
B．Wearing cheap clthes.
C．Bringing sme cash.
D．Riding a bicycle.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据Survival Tips部分中的“Dn’t wear expensive clthing.”可知，不要穿贵的衣服。由此可知，在泼水节期间，推荐穿便宜点儿的衣服。故选B项。
B
(2021·河北石家庄质检)
Lsing a parent is ne f the mst painful parts f life.N matter hw ld we are when they leave us，it can be a painful experience.Our memries are all that is left f them and happy reminders f their lve turn int ur mst valuable treasures.
That’s hw Mara Srian feels abut a very special teddy bear she lst in her recent mve t a new apartment.
The ty bear didn’t cst a lt，but it cntained a recrding f her late mther’s vice telling her that she lved her and was prud f her.The bear，called “Mama Bear”，was in a backpack that cntained electrnics like an iPad and a Nintend Switch.When the bag was missing last week during the mve，the 28-year-ld，was heartbrken—nt fr the electrnics，but fr Mama Bear.
S she psted nline abut the item lst and the stry behind it.Luckily，Mara’s search sn became a hit.Meanwhile，Mara was ut searching.She put up psters，dug thrugh dustbins，and cmmunicated with thers nline，fllwing any lead she culd.
Actr Ryan Reynlds psted an appeal fr its safe return.“I think we all need this bear t cme hme，” he wrte.Alng with the message，he als set a price f $5,000 fr the return.
Then n Tuesday night，Mara’s special bear came hme.It’s a bit f a mdern-day wnder that wuld never have happened withut scial media.Mara said she gt an email frm smene wh tld her they had the bear.
Mara is getting married next summer and the bear is ging t have a special seat at the ceremny—the ne her mther wuld sit in.Fr nw，she’s keeping “Mama Bear” clse and sending thanks t thse wh helped with the happy reunin.
4．Where was Mama Bear when it was lst?
A．In a backpack. B．In the ld apartment.
C．In a dustbin. D．In an electrnics stre.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段的第二句“The bear，called ‘Mama Bear’，was in a backpack that cntained electrnics like an iPad and a Nintend Switch.”可知，Mama Bear是Mara放在背包里，搬往新公寓时丢失的。故选A项。
5．Why did Mara spare n effrt t recver her Mama Bear?
A．It cntained expensive electrnics.
B．It recrded her wedding memries.
C．It was a present fr her 28th birthday.
D．It had happy reminders f her mm’s lve.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段的第一句可知，Mara不遗余力地寻找她的Mama Bear，不是因为它很贵重，而是因为里面存储了已故妈妈的录音，是妈妈留给Mara最后的爱。故选D项。
6．What did Ryan d t help Mara?
A．He put up psters acrss the city.
B．He sent a message t cmfrt Mara.
C．He bught an alternative bear fr Mara.
D．He ffered a reward fr the return f the bear.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第五段的内容可知，为了找回玩具熊，Ryan不但帮助Mara发布了呼吁，而且还悬赏5 000美元。故选D项。
7．The special seat at the wedding ceremny will be intended fr .
A．the bridegrm B．the ty bear
C．a famus actr D．an hnred guest
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段的第一句可知，在Mara的婚礼上，她为玩具熊安置了一个特别的座位，在Mara心里，就像妈妈坐在那里为她的婚姻送上祝福一样。故选B项。
C
(2021·江苏镇江四校联考)
Fd string is cmmn in members f the crw(乌鸦) family.A new study tested the birds utside this naturally ccurring behaviur，which may have evlved(进化) specifically because it gives crws a survival advantage.Sme crw species are knwn t naturally use tls t recver fd.S the researchers tested whether the birds culd stre and recver a tl s they culd get it at their fd after a gap f 17 hurs—smething we wuldn’t expect them t d naturally.But they were able t instantly select the tl ut f a number f unnecessary items.
In anther experiment，the researchers taught crws t select a tken(礼品券) frm a number f items s that they culd then exchange fr fd.Again，the birds then shwed that they culd plan fr the future using this new behaviur.This is different frm all f the previus studies in future planning，which have fcused n naturally ccurring behaviur.Fr example，we knw that chimpanzees select，transprt and save apprpriate tls fr future needs.
These studies have shwn that animals can plan fr the future，but they left an imprtant questin pen fr debate.Are animals nly able t plan t use abilities that have evlved t give them a specific advantage，r can they flexibly and intelligently apply planning behaviur acrss varius actins? Mst critics wuld say the frmer，as the animals were tested in naturally ccurring behavirs.
But the new research prvides the first evidence that animal species can plan fr the future using behaviur that desn’t typically ccur in nature.This supprts the view that at least sme recgnitive abilities in animals dn’t evlve just in respnse t specific prblems.Instead，it suggests that animals can apply these behavirs flexibly acrss prblems in a similar way t humans.We need t investigate hw flexible behaviur evlved.Then we might be able t see hw crws’ ability t plan fr the future fits in with their brader cgnitive pwers.
8．What’s the new finding abut sme crws accrding t Paragraph 1?
A．They can stre fd.
B．They can use tls t recver fd.
C．They can stre and recver tls.
D．They can select and stre fd.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句的内容可知，研究人员对乌鸦的新发现是乌鸦能储存并且找到觅食所用的工具。故选C。
9．What are crws trained by scientists t d when given a tken?
A．Reject it casually.
B．Exchange it fr fd.
C．Save it as their fd.
D．Build a nest with it.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段的第一句的内容可知，研究人员们训练乌鸦用礼品券来交换食物。故选B。
10．What d scientists think f the studies that animals can plan fr the future?
A．They are debatable.
B．They are disappinting.
C．They are cntradictry.
D．They are cnvincing.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段的第一句可知，科学家们对动物可以为未来计划的研究是有争议的。故选A。
11．What can be inferred abut recgnitive abilities in animals?
A．They develp nly with age.
B．It is unclear hw they’ve evlved nw.
C．N animals but crws benefit frm them.
D．Planning fr the future helps their evlutin.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“We need t investigate hw flexible behaviur evlved.”可推断，它们是怎样进化的还不清楚。故选B。
D
(2021·河南南阳检测)
A walk thrugh the galleries f Quebec’s Mntreal Museum f Fine Arts (MMFA) places individuals face-t-face with sme 43,000 artwrks ranging frm Chinese ceramics(陶瓷制品) t Inuit sculpture.
While the visiting is an incredible cultural experience，a grup f lcal physicians will sn be able t prescribe(开处方) museum visits as treatment fr sme illnesses.
Hélène Byer，vice president f a Mntreal-based medical assciatin，explains that museum visits have been shwn t increase levels f sertnin，a neurtransmitter(神经传导物质) knwn as the “happy chemical” which helps t lift md.
Accrding t Byer，the small increase in hrmnes(荷尔蒙)assciated with enjying an afternn f art is similar t that ffered by exercise，making museum prescriptins ideal fr the elderly experiencing pain that prevents them frm regularly jining in physical activity.
The museum visits are designed t imprve traditinal methds.As Bndil ntes，spending time in a peaceful envirnment can prvide a welcme distractin.“What is the mst imprtant is that this experience can help them escape frm their wn pain，” she says.“When yu enter the museum，yu escape frm the speed f ur daily life.”
“I am cnvinced that in the 21st century，culture will be what physical activity was fr health in the 20th century，” said Bndil.“Sme peple wuld d well t recall that just in the 19th century，sprts were believed t d harm t the bdy.Just as dctrs nw prescribe exercise，they will be able t prescribe a visit t the MMFA.”
12．What des Hélène Byer think f museum visits?
A．They can cheer peple up.
B．They can reduce physical activity.
C．They can slw dwn ur life pace.
D．They can increase levels f art appreciatin.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段的内容可知，Hélène Byer认为参观博物馆可以提高血清素的水平，而血清素可以提升情绪。由此可推知，他认为参观博物馆可以让人高兴、振作起来。故A项正确。
13．Hw d museum visits affect peple?
A．Stp them cncentrating n pain.
B．Stp them fcusing n traditinal methds.
C．Encurage them nt t be absent-minded.
D．Encurage them t slw their steps while walking.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的第二、三句可知，参观博物馆可以让人们转移注意力，不那么专注于痛苦。故A项正确。
14．What des the last paragraph suggest?
A．Physical activities were ppular in the 19th century.
B．Sprts are cnsidered t be harmful t the bdy.
C．Ideas f treating illnesses are changing ver time.
D．Dctrs prescribe museum visits regularly nw.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段的最后两句可知，19世纪，体育运动被认为对身体有害，而现在医生给病人开运动处方。再根据“I am cnvinced that in the 21st century，culture will be what physical activity was fr health in the 20th century...”可推知，疾病治疗观念随着时间的推移而改变。故C项正确。
15．What is the main idea f the text?
A．Museum visits are ideal fr the elderly.
B．Happy chemical helps t lift ne’s md.
C．Peaceful envirnment helps escape pain.
D．Cultural activities will prmte health.
答案 D
解析 主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据最后一段中的“culture will be what physical activity was fr health in the 20th century”可知，在21世纪，文化活动将像20世纪体育运动对健康的意义那样提升人们的健康。故D项正确。
Ⅱ.七选五
Chsing the right career can be hard.Many peple graduate frm schl r cllege nt knwing what t d with their lives，and get a jb withut really thinking abut it.Fr sme，things wrk ut fine. 1 Yur wrking life lasts an average f frty years，s it’s imprtant t find a jb yu like and feel enthusiastic abut it.Luckily，there are many ways yu can get help t d this.
The Australian website，，cmpares chsing a career with ging t the mvies.Befre yu see a mvie，yu find ut what films are shwing. 2 —find ut what jbs are available and what yur ptins are.Next，decide which mvie yu like best; if yu’re nt a rmantic persn，yu wn’t want t see a lve stry.In ther wrds，with yur career，yu shuld decide which jb will suit yur persnality. 3 Meanwhile，yu shuld find ut where the theater is befre yu g.With yur career，yu need t find infrmatin abut where yu can wrk，hw much yu will earn，and hw t get a jb in that prfessin.
S，hw d yu start? Begin by asking yurself sme questins. 4 Have yu traveled verseas? D yu have any extra certificates besides yur degree，such as a first aid license? Yur physical state and build can als affect which jbs yu can d.A persn，fr example，wh is allergic t cats wuld prbably never becme a veterinarian.Flight attendants，firefighters，and plice fficers have t be ver a certain height，and be physically fit. 5 Are yu utging and extrverted，r shy and intrverted? If yu like wrking alne，a jb that requires lts f teamwrk might nt suit yu.
A．Yur persnality matters，t.
B．Finally，decide hw t get mvie tickets.
C．The site suggests yu d the same with yur career.
D．Chsing a career can take time and a lt f thught.
E．Sme jbs require yu t have certain life experiences.
F．But thers ften find themselves stuck in a jb they hate.
G．When yu knw yu can wrk in yur dream jb，yu’ll be glad.
1．答案 F
解析 上文“Fr sme，things wrk ut fine.”与F项“But thers ften find themselves stuck in a jb they hate.”承接自然，上下文构成明显的转折关系，sme和thers是关键词。故选F项。
2．答案 C
解析 下文“find ut what jbs are available and what yur ptins are.”与C项“The site suggests yu d the same with yur career.”承接自然，下文是对选项内容的解释。故选C项。
3．答案 B
解析 根据本段的结构，尤其是上文的“Befre yu see a mvie ”和“Next，decide which mvie yu like best”可知，此处选B项“Finally，decide hw t get mvie tickets.”符合陈述事情的发展顺序。故选B项。
4．答案 E
解析 下文“Have yu travel verseas? D yu have any extra certificates besides yur degree，such as a first aid license？”与E项“Sme jbs require yu t have certain life experiences.”承接自然，下文提到的内容就是一些工作所要求的特定生活经历或技能。故选E项。
5．答案 A
解析 下文“Are yu utging and extrverted，r shy and intrverted? If yu like wrking alne，a jb that requires lts f teamwrk might nt suit yu.”与A项“Yur persnality matters，t.”承接自然，下文提到的utging，extrverted，shy和intrverted都是描述人的性格的形容词。故选A项。语篇解读 这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了泰国的泼水节和参加泼水节的一些注意事项。
语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文。文中讲述了Mara不遗余力地找回了存有她已故母亲录音的玩具熊的故事。
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了由乌鸦贮食行为引发的一系列的科学探讨。
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了在21世纪，参观博物馆之类的文化活动将像20世纪体育运动对健康的意义那样提升人们的健康。
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。针对现在很多人找不到合适工作的现象，作者给读者推荐了一些可以在这方面提供帮助的方法。