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人教新目标 (Go for it) 版八年级下册Section A课前预习ppt课件
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这是一份人教新目标 (Go for it) 版八年级下册Section A课前预习ppt课件，共37页。PPT课件主要包含了Revision ，助动词，for，since，ever，just，already，yet，have had，bought等内容，欢迎下载使用。
现在完成时： 表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去开始一直延续到现在的动作或保存的状态。
结构： 主语+ have / has + 动词的过去分词
一般疑问句： have / has … ? Yes, I have. N, I haven’t. Yes, she has. N, she hasn’t.
1. 现在完成时动词构成have /has + v 过去分词
haven’thasn’t
Have yu…?Has he…?
常与下列时间状语连用：just , already, yet,ever, never, befre, several times
1.过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。和already，never,ever,just,befre,yet等状语连用。
2.过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，常与fr或since引起的一段时间状语连用。
动词构成：have/has+v过去分词
have breakfast
I have just had my breakfast.
I’m nt hungry nw
mved herein 2004
I still live here
I have lived here fr three years.
I have lived here since 2004/three years ag.
2. 现在完成时动词可以表示开始于过去持续 到现在(也许还会继续进行下去)的动作或状态。1) I have studied English since last year. 我从去年开始学习英语。2) She has lived in Beijing fr five years. 她住在北京已经五年了。注意: cme, g , leave, arrive, buy, lse, receive, jin, die, bury 和marry 等动词所表示的动作是一时的, 不能延续的, 故不能与fr …, since …等开头的表示一段时间的状语连用。不过, 这些词用于否定句则可以与表示持续的时间状语连用，即动作的不发生是可以持续的。
3. 现在完成时把过去的动作和现在的结果联系起来， 一般过去时只限于表示过去的动作本身, 与现在 的结果无关。现在完成时与一般过去时在意义上 的区别举例如下： I have cleaned my rm. (My rm is clean nw.) 我已经打扫过我的房间了。 I cleaned my rm last week. (I did it in the past.) 我上周打扫了我的房间。 Father has gne t Amy. (He went t Amy and he is nt here nw.) 爸爸已经去厦门了。 They have bught a dictinary. (They bught a dictinary and they have it nw.) 他们买了一本字典。
注意: 现在完成时不能和明确指出时间的状语(如: yesterday, last, year, in 1976, tw days ag, just nw, when she came in 等)连用，但可以和不明确指出时间的状语(如: already, yet, ever, never, smetimes, always, ften, befre, nce, twice, recently, lately等)连用；也可以和表示包括现在在内的时间状语(如：tday, this mrning, this week, this year等)连用。
( 1).fr+表示一段时间的短语 ( 2).since+表示过去时间点的词语 ( 3).since+表示过去时间的时间状语从句
eg.I have been a teacher ______ a year. He has been at this schl _______ 1992. We have learned 1,000 English wrds _______ we came t this schl.
现在完成时句中常见的时间状语A.表示从过去一直持续到现在, 不能是具体 的过去时间。
e.g. Have yu _____been t Japan? I have _____ finished my hmewrk. I have finished my hmewrk ______. I haven’t finished my hmewrk ____.
B. just, already, yet, befre/ ever, never有此类副词时,常强调动作完成,不强调动作的持续.
already “已经” ; yet “仍然, 还” 这两个副词常常用于完成时态, 其中already 常用于肯定句, yet常用于否定句和疑问句中。如: Jim has already finished his wrk. Jim已经把他的工作做完了。Mther hasn’t cme hme yet. 妈妈还没回来。Haven’t yu read The Call f the Wild yet? 你还没读过《野性的呼唤》吗？
现在完成时：表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去开始一直延续到现在的动作或保存的状态，强调的是现在的情况，不能和表示过去的时间状语连用（如：in 1990，last Sunday 等）。
一般过去时：一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生关系（即动作或状态在现在已经结束），它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。
现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：
have / has + V过去分词
现在完成时表示过去发生或完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。如：Have yu read that stry？你读过那个故事吗？（“读”这一动作发生在过去，对现在造成的影响是：是否知道故事的内容。） I have bught tw apples． 我买了两个苹果。 （“买”这一动作发生在过去，对现在造成的结果是：拥有两个苹果。）
4. 在现在完成时中 ever, never, just, already, yet在用法和意思上有什么区别？
在学习这一概念的同时，还应注意常与现在完成时连用的几个副词：already, just, ever, yet, never等。already, just多用于肯定句中，ever, yet, never多用于疑问句和否定句中。如：I have already finished my hmewrk． 我已经做完家庭作业了。 He has just had his meal．他刚吃过饭。 Have yu ever sung this English sng？ 你曾唱过这首英文歌吗？ They haven‘t started yet. 他们还没有身。 We have never heard f it． 我们从来没有听说过这件事。
(1). Have (has) been in 意为“已经在某地呆了多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用。Mr. Brwn has been in Shanghai fr three days. 布朗先生来上海已经有三天了。 They have been in Canada fr five years. 他们到加拿大有五年了。
5. have been in, have been t 与have gne t 的用法
(2). Have (has) been t 意为“曾经去过某地”，表示现在已经不在那里了。可与 just, ever, never 等连用。如：I’ve just been t the pst ffice. 我刚才去邮局了。 Have yu ever been t Hangzhu? 你曾经去过杭州吗？ Mary has never been t the Great Wall. 玛丽从未去过长城。
(3). Have (has) been t 后面可接次数， 表示去过某地几次。如：I've been t Beijing three times. 我去过北京三次。 They have been t that village several times. 他们去过那个村庄好几次了。(4). Have (has) gne t 意为“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之，说话时该人不在现场，一般不用第一、二人称代词作主语。如: —Where is Tm? 汤姆在哪里？ —He has gne t the bkshp. 他到书店去了。
例如：He has gne t Hng Kng. 他到香港去了。(他已前往香港, 或在途中, 或已到达。说话人暗示他现在不在现场)He has been t Hng Kng. 他曾到过香港。(说话人认为他过去到过香港, 现在已不在该地。言外之意他对香港有所了解)
Grammar Fcus
fr 和 since 在现在完成时中的应用
fr与since都能与现在完成时连用，但区别较大：（1）fr后须接“时间段” He has studied English fr five years. 他学英语5年了。（2）since后须接“时间点” He has studied English since 1999. 他从1999年开始学英语。
（3）二者可以转换 fr + 一段时间 = since + 一段时间 + ag He has been here fr five weeks.= He has been here since five weeks ag. 他到这儿已经有五个星期了。
如：He has taught here since he came t China.自从他来到中国就在这儿教书。We have been friends since we met in schl.我们从在学校见面起就成为了好朋友。
(4) since能引导时间状语从句(主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时)，而fr则不能。
（5）现在完成时常用句型：①It is (has been) +时间段+ since +时间状语或从句It is fur days since last Friday.从上周五到现在已经四天了。It has been tw years since Jim came t Beijing.吉姆来北京已经两年了。
②This is the first (secnd…) time that + 从句 句型中的that从句通常使用现在完成时。如：This is the first time that Jenny and Danny have been t China.这是珍妮和丹妮第一次来屮国。This is the third time that I have seen Karen.这是我第三次见到Karen。
（6）均须与延续性动词连用，也可以与非延 续性动词的否定式连用。如:I have bught this cmputer since fur years ag. (×)I have had this cmputer since fur years ag. (√)I haven’t bught anything fr tw mnths.(√ )I haven't heard frm him fr 3 weeks. (√)
非延续性动词和延续性动词的转换
leave — be away brrw — keepbuy — have begin/start — be ndie — be dead finish --- be verpen sth — keep sth pen fall ill — be ill
get up—be up, cme here — be here,jin — be n +组织机构 /be a member 组织机构,g there — be there, becme — be, cme back—be back, fall asleep — be asleep,
get t/ arrive/reach — be (in), leave — be away frm, get t knw — knw, g (get) ut —tie ut， put n—wear, catch a cld —have a cld, get married—be married 等。
The ld man died 4 years ag.— The ld man has been dead fr 4 years. It is 4 years since the ld man died.—Fur years has passed since the ld man died. He jined the Party 2 years ag.—He has been in the Party fr 2 years.I bught the bk 5 days ag.—I have had the bk fr 5 days.
（7）二者引出的时间状语往往用 hw lng提问。
—Hw lng have yu had this bk? 这本书你买多久了?—Fr a week./Since a week ag. 买一周了。
Jim is in Japan. He arrived there three days ag. __________________________________2. They are very hungry. Their last meal was ten hurs ag.________________________________________________________________
4a Rewrite the sentences using fr r since.
Jim has been in Japan fr three days.
They are very hungry because they haven’t had their meal fr ten hurs.
3. I have a camera. I bught it in 2009. _______________________________4. I knw Anna. I first met her three years ag. ___________________________________5. Linda is ill. She became ill n Mnday. ____________________________________
I have had a camera since 2009.
I have knwn Anna fr three years .
Linda has been ill since Mnday .
1. I ______________ (never be) t the water park befre. I want t ____ (g) next mnth befre the weather gets t cld.2. They_______________(never wn) any pets, but they ____________ (always want) t have a dg.3. We__________ (have) a pian since last Nvember. We _________ (buy) it frm the Li family when they mved t the US last year.
4b Fill in the blanks with the crrect frms f the verbs in brackets.
have never been
have never wned
always want
4. Cathy and Amy _____________ (nt be) back t their hmetwn fr tw years. They ______ (miss) their hmetwn a lt and hpe t visit the place next year.5. This museum __________ (be) here fr ver 20 years. It _____ (be) ne f the ldest buildings in this small twn.
haven’t been
4c Fill in the questins and ask tw students. Then cmplete the chart.
1. D yu have a (n)_________? Hw lng have yu had it?2. D yu wn a (n)__________? Hw lng have yu wned it?
选择fr或since填空：I have been here _____five mnths ag.2. He has been a sldier ____ abut tw mnths.3. Great changes have taken place _____ yu left.4. His grandpa has been dead ____ ten years.5. I have studied English ______ I was 12 years ld.6. It is tw years _________ I became a pstgraduate student.
练习题: It's a lng time since we ____ (meet) last, isn’t it? 2. --I knw yu ___________ (chse) a picture bk amng these. --Yes, Have a lk at it, please. 3. S far, spaceships withut peple ___________ (reach) the mn and sme ther parts f the universe. 4. My father____ hme fr nearly three weeks. A. has gne away frm B. has left C. has been away frm D. went away 5. Mr. and Mrs. Green have_____ in China fr a week. A. been B. gt C. arrived D. reached
have reached
现在完成时： 表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去开始一直延续到现在的动作或保存的状态。
结构： 主语+ have / has + 动词的过去分词
一般疑问句： have / has … ? Yes, I have. N, I haven’t. Yes, she has. N, she hasn’t.
1. 现在完成时动词构成have /has + v 过去分词
haven’thasn’t
Have yu…?Has he…?
常与下列时间状语连用：just , already, yet,ever, never, befre, several times
1.过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。和already，never,ever,just,befre,yet等状语连用。
2.过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，常与fr或since引起的一段时间状语连用。
动词构成：have/has+v过去分词
have breakfast
I have just had my breakfast.
I’m nt hungry nw
mved herein 2004
I still live here
I have lived here fr three years.
I have lived here since 2004/three years ag.
2. 现在完成时动词可以表示开始于过去持续 到现在(也许还会继续进行下去)的动作或状态。1) I have studied English since last year. 我从去年开始学习英语。2) She has lived in Beijing fr five years. 她住在北京已经五年了。注意: cme, g , leave, arrive, buy, lse, receive, jin, die, bury 和marry 等动词所表示的动作是一时的, 不能延续的, 故不能与fr …, since …等开头的表示一段时间的状语连用。不过, 这些词用于否定句则可以与表示持续的时间状语连用，即动作的不发生是可以持续的。
3. 现在完成时把过去的动作和现在的结果联系起来， 一般过去时只限于表示过去的动作本身, 与现在 的结果无关。现在完成时与一般过去时在意义上 的区别举例如下： I have cleaned my rm. (My rm is clean nw.) 我已经打扫过我的房间了。 I cleaned my rm last week. (I did it in the past.) 我上周打扫了我的房间。 Father has gne t Amy. (He went t Amy and he is nt here nw.) 爸爸已经去厦门了。 They have bught a dictinary. (They bught a dictinary and they have it nw.) 他们买了一本字典。
注意: 现在完成时不能和明确指出时间的状语(如: yesterday, last, year, in 1976, tw days ag, just nw, when she came in 等)连用，但可以和不明确指出时间的状语(如: already, yet, ever, never, smetimes, always, ften, befre, nce, twice, recently, lately等)连用；也可以和表示包括现在在内的时间状语(如：tday, this mrning, this week, this year等)连用。
( 1).fr+表示一段时间的短语 ( 2).since+表示过去时间点的词语 ( 3).since+表示过去时间的时间状语从句
eg.I have been a teacher ______ a year. He has been at this schl _______ 1992. We have learned 1,000 English wrds _______ we came t this schl.
现在完成时句中常见的时间状语A.表示从过去一直持续到现在, 不能是具体 的过去时间。
e.g. Have yu _____been t Japan? I have _____ finished my hmewrk. I have finished my hmewrk ______. I haven’t finished my hmewrk ____.
B. just, already, yet, befre/ ever, never有此类副词时,常强调动作完成,不强调动作的持续.
already “已经” ; yet “仍然, 还” 这两个副词常常用于完成时态, 其中already 常用于肯定句, yet常用于否定句和疑问句中。如: Jim has already finished his wrk. Jim已经把他的工作做完了。Mther hasn’t cme hme yet. 妈妈还没回来。Haven’t yu read The Call f the Wild yet? 你还没读过《野性的呼唤》吗？
现在完成时：表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去开始一直延续到现在的动作或保存的状态，强调的是现在的情况，不能和表示过去的时间状语连用（如：in 1990，last Sunday 等）。
一般过去时：一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生关系（即动作或状态在现在已经结束），它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。
现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：
have / has + V过去分词
现在完成时表示过去发生或完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。如：Have yu read that stry？你读过那个故事吗？（“读”这一动作发生在过去，对现在造成的影响是：是否知道故事的内容。） I have bught tw apples． 我买了两个苹果。 （“买”这一动作发生在过去，对现在造成的结果是：拥有两个苹果。）
4. 在现在完成时中 ever, never, just, already, yet在用法和意思上有什么区别？
在学习这一概念的同时，还应注意常与现在完成时连用的几个副词：already, just, ever, yet, never等。already, just多用于肯定句中，ever, yet, never多用于疑问句和否定句中。如：I have already finished my hmewrk． 我已经做完家庭作业了。 He has just had his meal．他刚吃过饭。 Have yu ever sung this English sng？ 你曾唱过这首英文歌吗？ They haven‘t started yet. 他们还没有身。 We have never heard f it． 我们从来没有听说过这件事。
(1). Have (has) been in 意为“已经在某地呆了多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用。Mr. Brwn has been in Shanghai fr three days. 布朗先生来上海已经有三天了。 They have been in Canada fr five years. 他们到加拿大有五年了。
5. have been in, have been t 与have gne t 的用法
(2). Have (has) been t 意为“曾经去过某地”，表示现在已经不在那里了。可与 just, ever, never 等连用。如：I’ve just been t the pst ffice. 我刚才去邮局了。 Have yu ever been t Hangzhu? 你曾经去过杭州吗？ Mary has never been t the Great Wall. 玛丽从未去过长城。
(3). Have (has) been t 后面可接次数， 表示去过某地几次。如：I've been t Beijing three times. 我去过北京三次。 They have been t that village several times. 他们去过那个村庄好几次了。(4). Have (has) gne t 意为“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之，说话时该人不在现场，一般不用第一、二人称代词作主语。如: —Where is Tm? 汤姆在哪里？ —He has gne t the bkshp. 他到书店去了。
例如：He has gne t Hng Kng. 他到香港去了。(他已前往香港, 或在途中, 或已到达。说话人暗示他现在不在现场)He has been t Hng Kng. 他曾到过香港。(说话人认为他过去到过香港, 现在已不在该地。言外之意他对香港有所了解)
Grammar Fcus
fr 和 since 在现在完成时中的应用
fr与since都能与现在完成时连用，但区别较大：（1）fr后须接“时间段” He has studied English fr five years. 他学英语5年了。（2）since后须接“时间点” He has studied English since 1999. 他从1999年开始学英语。
（3）二者可以转换 fr + 一段时间 = since + 一段时间 + ag He has been here fr five weeks.= He has been here since five weeks ag. 他到这儿已经有五个星期了。
如：He has taught here since he came t China.自从他来到中国就在这儿教书。We have been friends since we met in schl.我们从在学校见面起就成为了好朋友。
(4) since能引导时间状语从句(主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时)，而fr则不能。
（5）现在完成时常用句型：①It is (has been) +时间段+ since +时间状语或从句It is fur days since last Friday.从上周五到现在已经四天了。It has been tw years since Jim came t Beijing.吉姆来北京已经两年了。
②This is the first (secnd…) time that + 从句 句型中的that从句通常使用现在完成时。如：This is the first time that Jenny and Danny have been t China.这是珍妮和丹妮第一次来屮国。This is the third time that I have seen Karen.这是我第三次见到Karen。
（6）均须与延续性动词连用，也可以与非延 续性动词的否定式连用。如:I have bught this cmputer since fur years ag. (×)I have had this cmputer since fur years ag. (√)I haven’t bught anything fr tw mnths.(√ )I haven't heard frm him fr 3 weeks. (√)
非延续性动词和延续性动词的转换
leave — be away brrw — keepbuy — have begin/start — be ndie — be dead finish --- be verpen sth — keep sth pen fall ill — be ill
get up—be up, cme here — be here,jin — be n +组织机构 /be a member 组织机构,g there — be there, becme — be, cme back—be back, fall asleep — be asleep,
get t/ arrive/reach — be (in), leave — be away frm, get t knw — knw, g (get) ut —tie ut， put n—wear, catch a cld —have a cld, get married—be married 等。
The ld man died 4 years ag.— The ld man has been dead fr 4 years. It is 4 years since the ld man died.—Fur years has passed since the ld man died. He jined the Party 2 years ag.—He has been in the Party fr 2 years.I bught the bk 5 days ag.—I have had the bk fr 5 days.
（7）二者引出的时间状语往往用 hw lng提问。
—Hw lng have yu had this bk? 这本书你买多久了?—Fr a week./Since a week ag. 买一周了。
Jim is in Japan. He arrived there three days ag. __________________________________2. They are very hungry. Their last meal was ten hurs ag.________________________________________________________________
4a Rewrite the sentences using fr r since.
Jim has been in Japan fr three days.
They are very hungry because they haven’t had their meal fr ten hurs.
3. I have a camera. I bught it in 2009. _______________________________4. I knw Anna. I first met her three years ag. ___________________________________5. Linda is ill. She became ill n Mnday. ____________________________________
I have had a camera since 2009.
I have knwn Anna fr three years .
Linda has been ill since Mnday .
1. I ______________ (never be) t the water park befre. I want t ____ (g) next mnth befre the weather gets t cld.2. They_______________(never wn) any pets, but they ____________ (always want) t have a dg.3. We__________ (have) a pian since last Nvember. We _________ (buy) it frm the Li family when they mved t the US last year.
4b Fill in the blanks with the crrect frms f the verbs in brackets.
have never been
have never wned
always want
4. Cathy and Amy _____________ (nt be) back t their hmetwn fr tw years. They ______ (miss) their hmetwn a lt and hpe t visit the place next year.5. This museum __________ (be) here fr ver 20 years. It _____ (be) ne f the ldest buildings in this small twn.
haven’t been
4c Fill in the questins and ask tw students. Then cmplete the chart.
1. D yu have a (n)_________? Hw lng have yu had it?2. D yu wn a (n)__________? Hw lng have yu wned it?
选择fr或since填空：I have been here _____five mnths ag.2. He has been a sldier ____ abut tw mnths.3. Great changes have taken place _____ yu left.4. His grandpa has been dead ____ ten years.5. I have studied English ______ I was 12 years ld.6. It is tw years _________ I became a pstgraduate student.
练习题: It's a lng time since we ____ (meet) last, isn’t it? 2. --I knw yu ___________ (chse) a picture bk amng these. --Yes, Have a lk at it, please. 3. S far, spaceships withut peple ___________ (reach) the mn and sme ther parts f the universe. 4. My father____ hme fr nearly three weeks. A. has gne away frm B. has left C. has been away frm D. went away 5. Mr. and Mrs. Green have_____ in China fr a week. A. been B. gt C. arrived D. reached
have reached
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