2022届高考英语一轮复习 语法练 第8练 名词性从句（解析版）

这是一份2022届高考英语一轮复习 语法练 第8练 名词性从句（解析版），共10页。试卷主要包含了名词性从句的基本用法，名词性从句的语序和时态问题，名词性从句和其他从句的混合使用等内容，欢迎下载使用。
1．名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句)的基本用法
2．名词性从句中连接词、连接代词和连接副词的使用
3．名词性从句的语序和时态问题
4．名词性从句和其他从句的混合使用
基础巩固
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．It is pssible that caffeine may cause birth defects(缺陷) in humans t.
2．In Martin’s wrld，we are nt sure whether the gd will win in the end r nt.
3．After being designed as the first special ecnmic zne in China，what was nce a fishing village has rapidly becme an emerging mdern city.
4．S the next time，I see that persn I als say the name n his r her face，and that is why I never frget a name.
5．Whever des smething gd will be praised by the teacher.
6．He takes it fr granted that his parents shuld give him everything he wants.
7．They wanted t understand wh painted the pictures and what they might mean.
8．That he had left withut saying ne wrd really made all f us feel deeply hurt.
9．We nw realize hw imprtant family is，especially when yu are raising children.
10．His writing is s cnfusing that it’s difficult t make ut what it is that he is trying t express.
Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)
11.eq \f(What,It) is bvius t the students that they shuld get well prepared fr their future.
12．The man went int the cinema and after eq \f(it,what) seemed t be ten minutes，he came ut.
13．The reasn why Mary has kept her figure after all these years is eq \f(because,that) she wrks ut every day.
14．He fund eq \(\s\up7(∧),\s\d5(it)) difficult t take gd care f the kids when his wife was absent.
15．The impact and ultimate result depends n eq \f(hw,what) yu d with the difficulties that yu have.
16．It is annunced that the award will be given t eq \f(wh,whever) has made the largest dnatin t the charity.
在语法填空中
首先判断空格处是名词性从句还是其他从句。如果是名词性从句，再看是名词性从句的哪一种，最后再看空格处在句子中作什么成分。
在短文改错中
1．找准句子主干，判断该句是否是名词性从句，如果是名词性从句，那么就要分析这个空在句子中所作的成分，然后再看该用连接词、连接代词还是连接副词。
2．要学会判断这个句子是定语从句还是名词性从句。一定要分清定语从句中的关系代词、关系副词和名词性从句中的连接词、连接代词及连接副词。
能力提升
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
Next time yur plane lands，listen t the sund f the tyres hitting the grund.The reasn the tyres dn’t explde is that they are made f natural rubber.The tyres f cars，mtrbikes and trucks are als ften made f the same stuff.
Natural rubber cmes frm trees.Wrkers cut the trunks f the trees and cllect a white liquid called latex.In the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries，huge numbers f rubber trees were planted in cuntries including Malaysia，Burma and Brazil.Mre than a century ag，scientists discvered hw t make man­made rubber，but natural rubber is much strnger and can last much lnger.Nearly half the rubber which is prduced each year is natural rubber and there is always a need fr mre.
Rubber trees are nt easy t grw.They are affected by changes in temperature，t much r nt enugh rain，high winds and disease.Sme trees survive while thers die and it’s all dwn t their genes.Tw British rganizatins，the Tun Abdul Razak Research Center (TARRC) and The Genme Analysis Center (TGAC)，have been wrking tgether t lk at rubber trees.They have nw discvered the “genme(基因组)” f the rubber tree.This is the way genes fit tgether in very lng chains f DNA.The genme fr a plant such as a rubber tree r animal needs t grw.The genme cntains all the infrmatin the plant r animal needs t grw.The genme fr a plant such as a rubber tree is smaller than a human genme but it is still very lng，which is why it has been s difficult t find.As Ewan Mllisn f TARRC says，the wrk has been like putting a picture puzzle tgether where all the pieces shw blue sea and blue sky.
Nw scientists can use the rubber tree genme t prduce strnger trees.By understanding the genme，they can change the DNA in rubber trees in useful ways.They can als d it much faster than befre.In the future，it will be pssible t grw trees which survive climate change and disease.
1．What characteristics f natural rubber can be inferred frm Paragraph 1?
A．Inexpensive. B．Flexible.
C．Cnductive. D．Explsive.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段前两句的内容可知，下次你的飞机着陆时，听听轮胎撞击地面的声音。轮胎不会爆炸的原因是它们是由天然橡胶制成的。由此可推知，天然橡胶具有灵活性。故选B。
2．What made natural rubber s demanding each year?
A．Quantities f rubber trees were planted in Sutheast Asia.
B．Rubber trees are nt easily affected by the climate change.
C．By nw scientists haven’t discvered hw t make man­made rubber.
D．Natural rubber is much tugher and mre lasting than man­made rubber.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句的内容可知，一个多世纪前，科学家发现了制造人造橡胶的方法，但是天然橡胶更结实，使用寿命也更长。由此可知，天然橡胶比人造橡胶更坚韧更持久，这使得天然橡胶每年的需求量都如此巨大。故选D。
3．What des Ewan Mllisn suggest in Paragraph 3?
A．The wrk sunds as interesting as a picture puzzle.
B．The genme f a rubber tree is as blue as sea and sky.
C．The genme f a rubber tree is nt easy t be identified.
D．Cmpleting a picture puzzle with sea and sky is difficult.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句的内容可知，橡胶树等植物的基因组比人类的基因组要小，但仍然很长。就像TARRC的Ewan Mllisn说的，这项工作就像把拼图拼在一起，所有的碎片都展示了蓝色的大海和蓝色的天空。由此可推知，Ewan Mllisn的话表明橡胶树的基因组不容易被识别。故选C。
4．What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．The Origin f Natural Rubber
B．The Applicatin f Natural Rubber
C．Natural Rubber：It’s All in the Genes
D．Natural Rubber VS Man­made Rubber
答案 C
解析 标题归纳题。通读全文的内容可知，文章主要介绍了天然橡胶这种物质，它们会受到温度变化等的影响。有些树能活下来，有些则会死去，这都取决于它们的基因。现在科学家们可以利用橡胶树的基因组来生产更强壮的树。通过了解基因组，他们可以用有用的方式改变橡胶树的DNA。由此可知，选项C“天然橡胶：全靠基因”最符合文章标题。故选C。
B
(2021·湖南五市十校联考)
Pineering research frm the University f Prtsmuth that aims t find a slutin t the glbal plastic pllutin crisis is t share in ￡15.9 millin f investment frm the Slent Lcal Enterprise Partnership (LEP)．
The Slent LEP will use the Gvernment’s “Getting Building Fund” allcatin t finance the expansin f the University’s Centre fr Enzyme Innvatin (CEI)，which takes enzymes (酶) frm the natural envirnment and adapts them in the labratry t recycle and reuse sme f ur mst plluting plastics.The CEI will receive ￡1 milln investment frm the Slent LEP.
The CEI is ne f several prjects that have been funded by the Slent LEP，which plays a leading rle in determining ecnmic pririties in the regin.The prjects will benefit the regin’s ecnmic recvery in the present envirnment.
The CEI Expansin—Industrial Engagement Hub prject will almst duble the current size f the CEI and create three new specialist labratries，t bridge the gap between the current research capabilities and what this technlgy needs t develp int in rder t be adpted by industry.
In additin，the Industrial Engagement Hub will be a space fr interactin between researchers and industry cllabratrs and becme a testbed fr grwing lcal and natinal partnerships.
Prfessr Graham Galbraith，Vice­Chancellr f the University f Prtsmuth，said，“The CEI is a unique envirnment fr industry and academia t wrk tgether t shape，refine，develp and test the new technlgies emerging frm this grund­breaking research.”
“The funding frm the Slent LEP t supprt the develpment f the CEI will deliver significant ecnmic and scietal benefits and clearly delivers ur ambitins fr research with impact and sustainability(持续性) as set ut in ur visin fr 2030.”
5．What’s CEI’s experiment?
A．Cllecting enzymes.
B．Making building material.
C．Remving waste land.
D．Recycling materials.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“which takes enzymes(酶) frm the natural envirnment”以及adapts可知，CEI 的实验是从自然环境中提取酶。
6．What’s CEI’s aim f the prject?
A．T get investment fr the natinal prgram.
B．T help the Slent LEP manage its prductin.
C．T determine ecnmic pririties in the regin.
D．T get a chemical fr the reductin f plastic pllutin.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“the expansin f the University’s Centre fr Enzyme Innvatin (CEI)，which takes enzymes(酶) frm the natural reuse sme f ur mst plluting plastics.”可知，这个项目是从自然环境中提取酶，用于污染塑料的回收。
7．What can we knw frm Prfessr Graham Galbraith’s wrds?
A．It is hard t reduce plluting plastics.
B．The LEP funding has shrt­term benefits.
C．The CEI has cnnected research and industry.
D．Scientific research must need industries’ supprt.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据第六段的内容可知，CEI是一个独特的环境，为工业和学术界一起工作，以塑造、完善、发展和测试从这个开创性的研究中出现的新技术。由此可知，The CEI 为学术与企业建起了桥梁。
8．What’s the best title f the text?
A．University Receives Funding fr Plastics Recycling
B．What’s the Best Way t Get Rid f Plluting Plastics
C．Lcal and Natinal Partnerships Strengthen the Research
D．Industries’ Supprt Is the Key t Reducing Plluting Plastics
答案 A
解析 标题归纳题。文章主要报道了一家企业给大学研究中心投资，该中心帮助回收再利用污染塑料。故选项A最适合作本文的标题。
Ⅳ.完形填空
When my kids were yung，I wuld smetimes wnder what I had dne wrng when child after child was brn int ur family with far t high a dse(剂量) f “strng will”．I wuld 1 bserve ther families whse children seemed s understanding and s easy t please.My kids， 2 ，were “spirited”．They hardly ever beyed me，cnstantly testing my 3 .It was their way r the highway r 4 a lt f screaming and ther such nnsense if their way was nt acknwledged.I began t wnder if 5 was a genetic trait(遗传特性)．
One Sunday，I was ut in the hallway at church with Andrew，wh was abut 3 years ld at the time，but wh was s 6 active and excited abut small things.While he was 7 ，a sweet elderly wman came up t me and said，“Yur kids are s 8 .”
I glanced dwn at my screaming baby，and 9 if she was talking t the right persn.
“They are brave and determined，” she went n，“which means that they will 10 great things.”
I tld her that I hped she was right，and she 11 repeated，with a lving smile，that she was.Quite 12 ，I was a little shcked at her timing.She had seen me cme t church week after week，and watched me 13 with my nisy trublemakers.She knew that I spent mre time walking the halls 14 trying t keep them quiet than actually sitting in the meetings.I did nt understand 15 she had picked that particular mment，when my patience was running ut and my 16 was screaming，t tell me that my kids were full f 17 .
As I realized nt t late，“Strng­willed children are a 18 ，nt a curse (诅咒)！” Yes，there have been times when I have 19 wanted t thrw my hands in the air and scream，and times when I have dne just that.But there have 20 been mments when I have felt like I was the student instead f the teacher.
1．A.happily B．lngingly
C．relatively D．unwillingly
答案 B
解析 根据上文“I wuld smetimes wnder...”中的wnder可知，作者渴望知道别人家的孩子为什么都那么善解人意。lngingly渴望地。故选B项。
2．A.furthermre B．therwise
C．therefre D．hwever
答案 D
解析 空前一句说：“别人家的孩子都很善解人意”，空后说“他们几乎不听我的话”。前后两个句子之间语义转折，因此用hwever表示转折关系。故选D项。
3．A.patience B．lve
C．curage D．chance
答案 A
解析 根据下文“my patience was running ut and my was screaming”可知，孩子们不听作者的话，他们会经常大声尖叫，这很考验作者的耐心。故选A项。
4．A.at least B．in additin
C．after all D．by far
答案 A
解析 上文提到“They hardly ever beyed me”可知，如果孩子们的方式没有得到认可，他们就不服从作者，或者至少他们会尖叫或做出其他的胡乱的举动。故选A项。
5．A.pure nnsense B．cnstant testing
C．strng will D．big difference
答案 C
解析 上文提到“child after child was brn int ur family with far t high a dse(剂量) f ‘strng will’”可知，作者想知道“意志坚定”是否是遗传的。故选C项。
6．A.strictly B．hesitatingly
C．uncmmnly D．nervusly
答案 C
解析 根据下文“my screaming baby”可知，安德鲁看到一些东西都大喊大叫，异常地兴奋。故选C项。
7．A.screaming B．bserving
C．running D．playing
答案 A
解析 根据下文“my screaming baby”可知，安德鲁在大喊大叫。故选A项。
8．A.strng B．helpful
C．hpeful D．smart
答案 D
解析 根据上文“ and excited abut small things”可知，安德鲁对看到的小东西显得很活跃、很兴奋，那位老妇人觉得他很机灵。故选D项。
9．A.questined B．cnsidered
C．wndered D．understd
答案 C
解析 根据下文“I hped she was right”和“my nisy trublemakers”可知，作者觉得自己的孩子尖叫吵闹，因此当老妇人称赞安德鲁机灵时，她琢磨老妇人是不是在说她的儿子。故选C项。
10．A.explain B．accmplish
C．change D．invent
答案 B
解析 根据老妇人称赞作者孩子的话“brave and determined”可知，老妇人觉得这些孩子会大有作为。故选B项。
11．A.faithfully B．cnfidently
C．stubbrnly D．secretly
答案 B
解析 根据“repeated”可知，老妇人相信自己说的是正确的。故选B项。
12．A.calmly B．badly
C．sadly D．hnestly
答案 D
解析 根据下文“I did nt understand she had picked that particular mment”可知，作者很坦诚地承认自己不知道为什么老妇人选择那个时候说这些话。短语quite hnestly“说实在地，坦率地说”。故选D项。
13．A.debate B．fight
C．struggle D．wrestle
答案 C
解析 根据“my nisy trublemakers”和“trying t keep them quiet”可知，作者让不停地吵闹、捣乱的孩子们安静下来，和他们作斗争。故选C项。
14．A.befre B．after
C．while D．until
答案 C
解析 在作者想让孩子们安静下来的这一段时间里，她更多的时间是在外面的大厅里。故选C项。
15．A.why B．when
C．whether D．where
答案 A
解析 根据上文“I was a little shcked at her timing”和“I did nt understand...”可知，作者不明白老妇人为什么这个时候说那些话。故选A项。
16．A.priest B．neighbur
C．child D．lady
答案 C
解析 根据上文“my screaming baby”可知，是当作者的孩子在尖叫的时候，老妇人对作者说的那些话。故选C项。
17．A.energy B．excitement
C．curage D．ptential
答案 D
解析 根据上文老妇人称赞作者的孩子的话“‘They are brave and determined，’ she went n，‘which means that they will great things.’”可知，老妇人认为作者的孩子很有潜力，将来会大有作为。 故选D项。
18．A.wish B．blessing
C．chice D．fate
答案 B
解析 blessing与nt a curse意义相对。故选B项。
19．A.desperately B．eventually
C．accidentally D．simply
答案 A
解析 根据上文可知，此处表示作者有时候绝望地想把手抛向空中尖叫。desperately拼命地，绝望地，极度地。故选A项。
20．A.hardly B．als
C．never D．already
答案 B
解析 上文提到“there have been times when...”，此处提到“there have been mments when...”，与上文句式并列，因此用als表示递进关系。故选B项。
Ⅰ.高频词汇积累
1．explde v．爆炸
2．climate n．气候
3．affect v．影响；感动；侵袭
4．finance n．金融；资金 v．提供资金
5．fund n．基金 v．为……提供资金；拨款给
6．ecnmic adj.经济的
7．industry n．工业
8．unique adj.独一无二的
9．cnstantly adv.重复不断地；始终
10．acknwledge v．承认；公开感谢
Ⅱ.长难句分析
1. The genme fr a plant such as a rubber tree is smaller than a human genme but it is still very lng，which is why it has been s difficult t find.
[句式分析] 该句为复合句。The genme fr a plant such as a rubber tree is smaller than a human genme but it is still very lng 是主句；which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面一句话的内容；why it has been s difficult t find是定语从句中的表语从句。
[自主翻译] 像橡胶树这样的植物的基因组要比人类的小但仍然很长，这就是这种基因组为什么很难发现它的原因。
[仿写运用] 我不仅性格开朗、精力充沛，而且乐观热情，这是我申请这份工作的原因。
I am nt nly utging and energetic，but als ptimistic and enthusiastic，which is why I apply fr the jb.
2．The CEI is ne f several prjects that have been funded by the Slent LEP，which plays a leading rle in determining ecnmic pririties in the regin.
[句式分析] 该句为复合句。The CEI is ne f several prjects是主句；that引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词prjects；which 引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为 the Slent LEP。
[自主翻译] The CEI是已经被the Slent LEP资助的几个工程中的一个，the Slent LEP在决定这个地区经济的优先地位方面起着主导作用。
[仿写运用] 跑步是很多能增强体质的运动之一，它吸引了各个年龄阶段的人。
Running is ne f many sprts that can build up ur strength，which appeals t peple f different ages.语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了天然橡胶这种物质，它们会受到温度变化等影响。有些树能活下来，有些则会死去，这都取决于它们的基因。现在科学家们可以利用橡胶树的基因组来生产更强壮的树。通过了解基因组，他们可以用有用的方式改变橡胶树的DNA。
语篇解读 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了一家企业给大学研究中心投资，该中心帮助回收再利用污染塑料。
语篇解读 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者本来为自己“意志坚定的”孩子感到烦恼，觉得他们是一群捣蛋鬼。一位老妇人称赞儿子将来会大有作为的话让作者意识到有“意志坚定的”孩子是一大幸事。