2022届高考英语一轮复习专题训练 第10练 阅读提速练（解析版）

这是一份2022届高考英语一轮复习专题训练 第10练 阅读提速练（解析版），共9页。
A
Lw­cst Gifts fr Mther’s Day
Gift N.1
Offer t be yur mther’s health friend.Prmise t be there fr all dctrs’ visits whether she has a disease r needs a regular medical check­up.Mst mthers always say there is n need，but anther set f eyes and ears is always a gd idea at a dctr’s visit.The best part? This ne is free.
Gift N.2
Help yur mther rganize all f her medical recrds，which include the test results and medical infrmatin.Put them all in ne place.Be sure t make a list f all f her medicines and what time she takes them.“Having all this infrmatin in ne place culd end up saving yur mther’s life，” Dr.Marie Savard said.
Gift N.3
Enugh sleep is cnnected with general health cnditins.“Buy yur mther cttn sheets and cmfrtable pillws t encurage better sleep，” Savard said.“We knw that gd sleep is very imprtant t ur health.”
Gift N.4
Sme gift cmpanies such as Presents fr Purpse allw yu t pay it frward this Mther’s Day by picking gifts,10 percent f whse price yu pay ges t a charity (慈善机构)．Gift givers can chse frm a wide variety f useful but inexpensive things—many f which are “green”—and then chse a meaningful charity frm a list.When yur mther gets the gift，she will be tld that she has helped the chsen charity.
eq \x(语篇解读 本文主要介绍了四条在母亲节期间为母亲提供低成本但具有爱心的礼物的建议。)
1．What are yu advised t d fr yur mther at dctrs’ visits?
A．T take ntes. B．T be with her.
C．T buy medicines. D．T give her gifts.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据Gift N.1中的“Prmise t be there fr all dctrs’ visits whether she has a disease r needs a regular medical check­up.”可知，“Prmise t be there”和选项B(T be with her)意思相近，故选B。
2．Where can yu find an idea fr gifts t imprve yur mther’s sleep?
A．In Gift N.1. B．In Gift N.2.
C．In Gift N.3. D．In Gift N.4.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。由Gift N.3中的“Buy yur mther cttn sheets and cmfrtable pillws t encurage better sleep...”可知选C。
3．Buying gifts frm Presents fr Purpse allws mthers t .
A．enjy gd sleep B．be well­rganized
C．get extra supprt D．give thers help
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。由Gift N.4中的最后一句可知，当你母亲得到这件礼物的时候，她将被告知她帮助了被选定的慈善机构。也就是允许母亲给予其他人帮助。故选D。
B
(2020·北京门头沟区一模)
New study shws rapid decline in insect ppulatins.A grwing number f the Earth’s insect ppulatin nw can be seen nly in cllectins n exhibitins.Nbdy’s seen thse fr 400 years.A new review f ver 70 studies f insect ppulatins suggests that human pressures are causing insect ppulatins t plummet by as much as a quarter every decade.The lss f species is inevitably cncerning because ften we dn’t knw what thse species are ding r we dn’t knw what ther species are depending n them.
Insects make up the largest class f animals n earth and represent mre than half f all knwn living creatures.They are incredibly diverse，and in many ways make life n Earth pssible.But when we decrease the number f species，we’re destrying ecsystem functin.Why des that matter？It is because it’s ecsystems that supprt humans.But thse life­supprt systems that keep us alive，even if we live in a city，are prduced by healthy ecsystems.And nne f these ecsystems will run well withut insects.Bees and butterflies pllinate(授粉) ur fd，flwers and trees.They feed all kinds f larger animals，including humans.A large number f crps we eat and rely n are pllinated by insects，s we can’t imagine a wrld where that pllinatin prcess is nt taking place.
And there are sme cases already arund the wrld where we are having t pllinate by hand，at huge cst，a huge ecnmic cst，simply because the insects aren’t there t d the wrk that we wuld nrmally ask them t d fr free.And in sme cases，if yu’re talking abut fd crps，just try t imagine the scale f what the wrld wuld lk like if insects weren’t ding that fr us.One big warning，all f the studies cme frm industrialized cuntries in Eurpe and Nrth America.In sme areas，the decline is even mre rapid.Accrding t ne recent study，the number f grund insects in Puert Ric has fallen by 98% ver the last 35 years.A grwing bdy f research shws that insects are declining abut twice as fast as vertebrates.
The researchers predict that all insect species culd be gne in a century in these industrialized cuntries.
4．What des the underlined wrd “plummet” in Paragraph 1 prbably mean?
A．Reduce. B．Increase.
C．Disappear. D．Raise.
答案 A
解析 词义猜测题。文章开篇点题“新的研究表明昆虫数量迅速减少”。画线词所在句意为“一项对70多项昆虫种群研究的最新回顾表明，人类带来的压力正导致昆虫种群每十年plummet四分之一”。由此推知画线单词与reduce意思相近，故选A。
5．We can learn frm Paragraphs 2－3 that .
A．we can make a big prfit by pllinating by hand
B．insects have n impact n industrial develpment
C．pllinating by hand can replace pllinating by insects
D．insects accunt fr the largest cmpsitin in the entire animal kingdm
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Insects make up the largest class f animals n earth and represent mre than half f all knwn living creatures.”可知，昆虫是地球上数量最多的一类动物，占所有已知生物数量的一半以上。由此可知，昆虫是整个动物界中最大的组成部分。故选D。
6．What’s the authr’s attitude twards the phenmenn mentined in the news?
A．Unclear. B．Cncerned.
C．Suspicius. D．Critical.
答案 B
解析 观点态度题。根据第一段中的“The lss f species is inevitably cncerning...”以及后文提到如果失去昆虫，我们将不得不人工授粉，代价是巨大的经济成本。由此可推知，作者对新闻中提到的昆虫数量减少的现象是担忧的。故选B。
7．The authr helps readers better understand his idea mainly by .
A．using research results
B．making cmparisns
C．giving sme examples
D．telling persnal stries
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。通读全文尤其根据第一段前四句、第二段最后三句以及倒数第二段最后两句可知，作者主要通过举例来帮助读者更好地理解他的观点。故选C。
C
Scientists ften cmpare cral reefs(珊瑚礁) t underwater rainfrests，yet unlike the leafy plant base f a frest，crals are animals.The sft creatures are naturally half­transparent and get their brilliant clr frm algae(藻类) living inside them.When crals experience stress frm ht temperatures r pllutin，they halt the interdependent relatinship with algae，typically pushing them ut and turning white.Crals are still alive when they are white，but they’re at risk and many eventually die，turning dark brwn.
Scientists arund the wrld are lking fr means t prtect and maybe increase crals.One cmmn ptin is t create mre prtected areas—essentially natinal parks in the cean.Beynd nature preserves，sme cnservatinists are lking t mre hands­n methds.One research center in the Flrida Keys is explring a frm f natural selectin t keep crals remaining.The reef system in the Keys has been hit hard by climate change and pllutin，which is especially tugh，because crals there help supprt fisheries wrth $100 millin every year.
T keep the wild ecsystem alive，Erinn Muller，the center’s directr，and her team are harvesting samples f the crals that survived the envirnmental stress naturally，keeping them t make them reprduce，and then reattaching them t the reef.They have 46,000 crals n plastic frames under the sea.S far，the center has regrwn ver 70,000 crals frm five different species n damaged reefs.
In The Bahamas，Rss Cunning，a research bilgist at Chicag’s Shedd Aquarium，fcuses n crals with genes that culd make them natural candidates fr restratin prjects.He published a study f tw Bahamian reefs，ne that survived an extreme 2015 heat wave，and ne that didn’t.“We think their ability t deal with these higher temperatures is built int their genes，” says Cunning.There’s evidence f crals evlving mre quickly t resist rapidly warming climate.The big questin scientists need investigate，adds Cunning，is hw much mre heat crals can adapt t.
8．What des the underlined wrd “halt” in the first paragraph mean?
A．End. B．Develp.
C．Strengthen. D．Weaken.
答案 A
解析 词义猜测题。根据画线词上文的“The sft creatures are naturally half­transparent and get their brilliant clr frm algae(藻类) living inside them.”和下文的“typically pushing them ut and turning white”可知，珊瑚虫因生活在它体内的藻类获得了绚丽的色彩，它们相互依赖，当珊瑚虫受到高温或污染的压力时，它们通常会将藻类驱逐出去，变成白色，故此处应表示“它们结束与藻类相互依存的关系”。end“(使)结束，(使)停止”可解释画线词意思。
9．What d Muller and her team d t save crals?
A．Restre the damaged reefs.
B．Grw crals by hand underwater.
C．Create mre prtected areas.
D．Mve crals t unplluted areas.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段的“harvesting samples f the crals that survived the envirnmental stress naturally，keeping them t make them reprduce，and then reattaching them t the reef.They have 46,000 crals n plastic frames under the damaged reefs”可知，Muller和她的团队正在采集那些在自然环境压力下存活下来的珊瑚虫样本，在海底人工养殖它们，然后使它们重新回到珊瑚礁上生存。由此可知，Muller和她的团队在人工培育珊瑚虫。
10．What d Cunning’s wrds suggest?
A．Many crals have been genetically imprved.
B．Cling dwn the waters is key t rescuing crals.
C．Reasns fr crals surviving heat waves are shcking.
D．The highest temperature crals can survive is unclear.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据题干中的Cunning’s wrds可将解题依据定位至最后一段，根据最后一段的“The big questin scientists need investigate，adds Cunning，is hw much mre heat crals can adapt t.”可知，科学家还需要研究存活下来的珊瑚虫还能适应再高多少的温度，即珊瑚虫能适应的最高温度还是未知的。
11．Which can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．Relatinship Between Crals and Algae
B．Effrts Made t Save Crals
C．Impact f Climate Warming n Crals
D．Survival Crisis Faced by Cral Reefs
答案 B
解析 标题归纳题。综合全文可知，文章首段介绍珊瑚礁面临的困境，以引出文章的核心内容：科学家们为了拯救珊瑚礁进行各种科学研究和做出种种努力，如建立海洋保护区、人工培育珊瑚虫、研究具有耐高温基因的珊瑚虫等。故B项最适合作本文标题。
D
(2020·四川内江二模)
What kind f amusing activities will yu participate in during yur life？Will yu be spending yur free time ding safe sprts with little danger r will yu always be ne f the first peple t try the next ppular extreme activity？Scientists have been interested in finding ut why sme peple seem t prefer dangerus activities.
Althugh there are exceptins，researchers have fund that in mst cases men are less cautius than wmen.Men ften try t impress wmen by prving that they are curageus and fearless，and they are mre likely t take risks when wmen are watching them r when they are cmpeting against ther men.
Research als shws that as peple get lder they usually behave mre respnsibly and avid taking unnecessary risks.In additin，when peple are in stable relatinships，they seem t be less attracted t daring activities.
Sme peple seem t be mre daring than thers，but there are many different types f risks and sme peple take ne type f risk，but nt anther.Psychlgists have identified a number f categries f risk.These include financial risks，risks related t health and safety，amusing risks and scial risks.Psychlgists discver that sme peple will take risks in ne area，but nt in anther.Just if a persn enjys bungee(蹦极) jumping，it desn’t mean he r she will take chances when investing(投资) mney r that he r she will tell a jke t a grup f strangers.
Interestingly，research shws that wmen take mre scial risks than men.They are mre likely t make career changes as they get lder and t express unppular pinins in business meetings.
Yet，at the end f the day，the likelihd f particular peple taking a risk depends n their persnalities.In general，ptimistic peple are mre likely t take risks because they fcus n the pssible psitive utcmes f their actins.On the ther hand，thse with ppsite persnality are much mre likely t avid taking a chance.
eq \x(语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文。作者告诉我们人们的冒险意识与性别、年龄和个性等有关。)
12．What have researchers discvered abut wmen?
A．They are always changing jbs.
B．They are gd at ding business.
C．They are mre willing t take risks.
D．They are mre cnservative than men.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中“in mst cases men are less cautius than wmen”可知，研究人员发现，在大多数情况下，女性比男性更谨慎、更保守。故选D项。
13．Why d men try t prve they are brave?
A．T attract wmen t watch them.
B．T have favrable effects n wmen.
C．T annunce risks are t dangerus.
D．T shw their strength t the cmpetitrs.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Men ften try t impress wmen by prving that they are curageus and fearless...”可知，男性想通过证明自己勇敢来给女性留下深刻印象，从而获得女性的青睐。故选B项。
14．What mainly determine whether peple take risks pssibly?
A．The ptential cnsequences.
B．Their characters.
C．Their prblems f finance.
D．The fcuses f their wrk.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“the likelihd f particular peple taking a risk depends n their persnalities”可知，性格决定了人们是否可能去冒险。故选B项。
15．What is the text mainly talking abut?
A．Peple’s sense f taking risks.
B．Risks at peple’s different ages.
C．Different types f peple’s risks.
D．Risks between men and wmen.
答案 A
解析 主旨大意题。每一段的首句就是该段的主题句。总结每一段的主题句可知，文章是关于人们的冒险意识的。故选A项。
Ⅱ.七选五
(2021·湖北黄冈质检)
Apps such as WeChat and TikTk have gained ppularity in recent years. 1 Als TikTk is already a husehld name glbally，maybe ne f the Chinese brands t truly be recgnized universally.
WeChat is particularly relied upn as a secure part f the structure f ur technlgically advancing scieties. 2 Mrever，a curt in Haidian allws litigants (诉讼当事人)t cmmunicate with their lawyers thrugh WeChat vide cnnectins.
Many features f WeChat alngside its well­thught­ut design have meant that the app has dminated its cmpetitrs dmestically，especially during the disrderly rigin years f 2012－2013，when it was gaining attractin.
The ability t mve thrugh web pages withut tags(标签) and save articles alngside ther ffline cntent within the app simplified the nline experience. 3 This is a fantastic applicatin designed t cmbine the cmprehensive nature f the web experience with the simplistic cnvenience f mbile apps.
4 An example is that，instead f a lading white screen，users，when pening a PWA app such as WeChat，will simply at first see the cntent that had been previusly brwsing，allwing them t pick up where they left ff，much like reading a bk.
The intuitive(直观的) design is what makes WeChat nt just an app in cmmunicating with friends and family. 5 Yu can als rder a taxi thrugh it.All f these extra features bil dwn t the ne single universal strength f detail in design and multiple app service integratin.
A．Residents in Guangzhu can use the app t stre their ID cards.
B．Many may bring up the fact that yu can pay fr gds and services.
C．WeChat alne，as f 2020，basts mre than 1 billin users wrldwide.
D．The app itself has n dubt als been an influence n many Western apps.
E．In a web brwser，a list f favurite sites saves fr future use while brwsing.
F．Users didn’t have t switch cnstantly frm app t app depending n the type f multimedia they cnsumed.
G．The cntinuity(连续性) in the nline and ffline brwsing experience makes WeChat successful in keeping ur attentin n the display f ur phnes.
eq \x(语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了微信等应用越来越受欢迎的原因。)
1．答案 C
解析 微信和抖音近些年特别受欢迎，接下来分别介绍微信和抖音的受欢迎程度。空后说抖音也是家喻户晓的，所以前文应该说微信的受欢迎程度。C选项承接下文。故选C项。
2．答案 A
解析 上文说人们信任微信在我们科技进步型社会结构方面的安全作用。下文说海淀法庭允许诉讼当事人使用微信与律师进行联系，根据空后的Mrever可知，空处也是举例说明微信在推进社会进步，故选A项。
3．答案 F
解析 上文提到微信具备的在没有标签的情况下浏览网页，并在应用程序中将文章与其他离线内容一起保存的能力简化了在线体验。 浏览选项可知，F选项与上文衔接紧密，进一步说明微信带给用户的便利。故选F项。
4．答案 G
解析 根据后文举的例子：用户在打开像WeChat这样的PWA应用程序时，不需要加载白屏，仅在一开始就能看到以前浏览过的内容，从而使他们能够从上次停下来的地方继续浏览，就像读一本书一样。G选项承接下文。故选G项。
5．答案 B
解析 前面说到微信不仅是与家人朋友联系的应用程序，后文说还可以呼叫出租车。B选项提到了微信的支付功能，承上启下。故选B项。
Ⅰ.高频词汇积累
1．rapid adj.迅速的
2．decline v．& n．下降；衰退；拒绝
3．pressure n．压力
4．incredibly adv.难以置信地；极其
5．diverse adj.多种多样的
6．respnsibly adv.认真负责地；可信赖地
7．species n．物种；种类
8．participate v．参加
9．cautius adj.小心的；谨慎的
10．scial adj.社会的
Ⅱ.长难句分析
Many features f WeChat alngside its well­thught­ut design have meant that the app has dminated its cmpetitrs dmestically，especially during the disrderly rigin years f 2012－2013，when it was gaining attractin.
[句式分析] 本句为复合句。Many features f WeChat alngside its well­thught­ut design have meant 为主句，that后为宾语从句；when引导定语从句，先行词为the disrderly rigin years f 2012－2013。
[自主翻译] 微信的很多特点和它的深思熟虑的设计意味着这款应用已经在国内的竞争对手中占据了主导地位，尤其是在刚开始比较混乱的2012－2013年，那时它的吸引力正在增强。
[仿写运用] 很多人相信锻炼对延长我们的寿命有很好的作用，尤其是对那些健康状况不好的人。
Many peple have believed that ding exercise has a gd effect n lengthening ur lives，especially fr thse wh are in pr health.语篇解读 这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要说明了一项对70多项昆虫种群研究的最新回顾表明，人类带来的压力正导致昆虫种群每十年锐减四分之一。昆虫是地球上数量最多的一类动物，占所有已知生物数量的一半以上。文章指出如果失去昆虫，代价将是巨大的。
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。美丽的珊瑚礁正在因气候变暖、环境污染等失去它们璀璨的色彩，科学家们为拯救它们做出了种种努力。