2022届高考英语一轮复习讲义学案（新教材人教版）必修第三册　Unit 4　Space Exploration

这是一份2022届高考英语一轮复习讲义学案（新教材人教版）必修第三册　Unit 4　Space Exploration，共14页。


教材词汇要记牢
Ⅰ.阅读单词——我会认
1．prcedure n．程序；步骤；手续
2．cm abbr.(centimetre r centimeter)厘米
3．rcket n．火箭；火箭弹
4．gravity n．重力；引力
5．frntier n．边境；国界；边远地区
6．vehicle n．交通工具；车辆
7．satellite n．人造卫星；卫星
8．rbit n．(环绕地球、太阳等运行的)轨道；势力范围 vt.& vi.沿轨道运行；环绕……运行
9．giant adj.巨大的；伟大的 n．巨人；巨兽；伟人
10．leap n．跳跃；剧增；剧变(leapt，leapt/lept/r leaped，leaped)vi.& vt.跳过；跃过
11．agency n．(政府的)专门机构；服务机构；代理处
12．transmit vt.& vi.传输；发送
13．data n．[pl.]资料；数据
14．nging adj.持续存在的；仍在进行的；不断发展的
15．spacecraft n．航天器；宇宙飞船
16．spacewalk n．太空行走；太空行走的时间
17．jade n．玉；翡翠；玉器
18．dck vi.& vt.(两架航天器)对接；(使)……进港 n．码头；船坞
19．sufficient adj.足够的；充足的
20．micrwave n．(als micrwave ven)微波炉
21．tissue n．纸巾；(人、动植物细胞的)组织
22．facility n．设施；设备
23．fatal adj.致命的；灾难性的
24．high-end adj.高端的
25．fam n．泡沫橡胶；泡沫
26．pillw n．枕头
27．mystery n．神秘事物；谜
28．xygen n．氧；氧气
29．the USSR abbr.the Unin f Sviet Scialist Republics苏联
30．NASA abbr.Natinal Aernautics and Space Administratin(美国)国家航空与航天局
31．the Internatinal Space Statin国际空间站
32．Mars n．火星
33．Jupiter n．木星
Ⅱ.重点单词——我会写
1．astrnaut n．宇航员；太空人
2．mental adj.精神的；思想的
3．universe n．宇宙；天地万物
4．launch vt.& n．发射；发起；上市
5．mankind n．人类
6．signal vt.& vi.标志着；标明；发信号 n．信号；标志
7．recycle vt.回收利用；再利用
8．muscle n．肌肉；实力；影响力
9．flat vi.浮动；漂流；漂浮 vt.使浮动；使漂流
10．therwise adv.否则；要不然
11．beynd prep.在更远处；超出
12．sap n．肥皂
13．twel n．毛巾；抹布
14．keen adj.热衷的；渴望的
15．glbe n．地球；世界；地球仪
16．shallw adj.肤浅的；浅的
17．pattern n．模式；图案；模范
18．mnitr n．监视器；监测仪 vt.监视；监测；监控
19．smartphne n．智能手机
20．resurce n．资源；财力；物力
21．attach vt.系；绑；贴
Ⅲ.拓展单词——我会变
1．intelligent adj.有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的→intelligence n．智慧
2．determined adj.有决心的；意志坚定的→determine vt.查明；确定；决定→determinatin n．决心；果断
3．disappinted adj.失望的；沮丧的→disappint vt.使失望→disappinting adj.令人失望的→disappintment n．失望；沮丧
4．desire n．渴望；欲望 vt.渴望；期望→desired adj.渴望的，想要的
5．independent adj.独立的；自立的→independently adv.独立地；自立地→independence n．独立；自立→depend vi.依靠
6．lack vt.缺乏；没有 n．缺乏；短缺→lacking adj.缺乏的；不足的
7．argue vt.& vi.论证；争辩；争论→argument n．争论；争吵；论点
8．analysis n．(对事物的)分析；分析结果→analyz(s)e v．分析
9．regular adj.定期的；经常的；正常的→regularly adv.有规律地；经常；定期地
10．limited adj.有限的→limitless adj.无限的→limit vt.& n．限制
Ⅳ.核心短语
1．carry n继续做，坚持干
2．n bard在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上
3．in the hpe f ding sth.抱着……的希望
4．s as t (d sth.)为了；以便
5．figure ut弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白
6．result in导致；造成
7．as a result所以；结果(是)
8．prvide fr sb.提供生活所需
9．in clsing最后
10．run ut用完；耗尽
高频词汇来助力
1．credit n．信用；赞扬；学分
2．criminal n．罪犯；犯人
3．currency n．货币；通货
4．custms n．海关；关税
5．database n．资料库，数据库
6．deadline n．最后期限，截止日期
经典句式需悟通
1．Afterwards，the USSR fcused n sending peple int space，and n 12 April 1961，Yuri Gagarin became the first persn in the wrld t g int space.
后来，苏联集中力量把人送入太空，1961年4月12日，尤里·加加林成为世界上第一个进入太空的人。
2．These disasters made everyne sad and disappinted，but the desire t explre the universe never died.
这些灾难让每个人都感到悲伤和失望，但是探索宇宙的欲望从未消失过。
3．Despite the difficulties，scientists hpe future discveries will nt nly enable us t understand hw the universe began，but als help us survive well int the future.
尽管有许多困难，科学家们希望未来的发现不仅能让我们了解宇宙是如何开始的，而且还能帮助我们更好地生存到未来。
4．Astrnauts have t use tape t stick everything dwn while wrking in space because everything wuld flat ff therwise.
宇航员在太空工作时必须用胶带把所有的东西粘在一起，否则所有的东西都会漂走。
5．Sending peple t ther planets r even beynd the slar system is nt an easy gal t achieve.
把人送到其他星球甚至太阳系以外不是一个容易达到的目标。
Ⅰ.阅读单词(每小题1分，共13分)
1．prcedure n．程序；步骤；手续
2．gravity n．重力；引力
3．vehicle n．交通工具；车辆
4．rbit n．(环绕地球、太阳等运行的)轨道；势力范围 vt.& vi.沿轨道运行；环绕……运行
5．giant adj.巨大的；伟大的 n．巨人；巨兽；伟人
6．leap n．跳跃；剧增；剧变 vi.&vt.跳过；跃过
7．agency n．(政府的)专门机构；服务机构；代理处
8．sufficient adj.足够的；充足的
9．tissue n．纸巾；(人、动植物细胞的)组织
10．facility n．设施；设备
11．fatal adj.致命的；灾难性的
12．mystery n．神秘事物；谜
13．xygen n．氧；氧气
Ⅱ.重点单词(每小题1分，共12分)
14．mental adj.精神的；思想的
15．launch vt.& n．发射；发起；上市
16．signal vt.& vi.标志着；标明；发信号n．信号；标志
17．recycle vt.回收利用；再利用
18．muscle n．肌肉；实力；影响力
19．flat vi.浮动；漂流；漂浮 vt.使浮动；使漂流
20．therwise adv.否则；要不然
21．beynd prep.在更远处；超出
22．keen adj.热衷的；渴望的
23．pattern n．模式；图案；模范
24．resurce n．资源；财力；物力
25．attach vt.系；绑；贴
Ⅲ.拓展单词(每小题2分，共16分)
26．intelligent adj.有智慧的；聪明的→intelligence n．智慧
27．determined adj.有决心的；意志坚定的→determine vt.查明；确定→determinatin n．决心；果断
28．disappinted adj.失望的；沮丧的→disappint vt.使失望→disappinting adj.令人失望的→disappintment n．失望；沮丧
29．desire n．渴望；欲望 vt.渴望；期望→desired adj.渴望的，想要的
30．independent adj.独立的；自立的→independently adv.独立地；自立地→independence n．独立；自立→depend vi.依靠
31．argue vt.& vi.论证；争论→argument n．争论；争吵
32．analysis n．(对事物的)分析；分析结果→analyz(s)e v．分析
33．limited adj.有限的→limitless adj.无限的→limit vt.& n．限制
Ⅳ.高频词汇(每小题1分，共5分)
34．credit n．信用；赞扬；学分
35．criminal n．罪犯；犯人
36．currency n．货币；通货
37．database n．资料库，数据库
38．deadline n．最后期限，截止日期
Ⅴ.核心短语(每小题2分，共14分)
39．carry n继续做，坚持干
40．n bard在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上
41．s as t (d sth.)为了；以便
42．result in导致；造成
43．prvide fr sb.提供生活所需
44．in clsing最后
45．run ut用完；耗尽
Ⅰ.单词拼写(根据汉语提示或首字母提示写单词)(每小题2分，共16分)
1．Culd yu tell me hw and when the universe came int being?
2．The railway signal shws that the train will cme，s yu can’t pass nw.
3．Thanks fr yur directins t the huse；we wuldn’t have fund it therwise.
4．Many lifestyle patterns d such great harm t health that they actually speed up the weakening f the human bdy.
5．A dg’s eating habit requires regular(定期的) training befre it is prperly established.
(2019·天津)
6．The river is very shallw(浅的)，but yu can’t swim in it because the water is plluted.
7．The shrtage f water has becme a glbal(全球的) prblem that needs t be slved urgently.
8．Thugh lacking(缺乏) mney，his family lived an enjyable life.
Ⅱ.词形变化填空(用括号内所给词的适当形式填空)(每小题2分，共14分)
9．Artificial intelligence has been used in phnes，which makes them seem t be intelligent.(intelligent)
10．When asked whether he was determined t be an astrnaut，the by just lked at me with determinatin.(determine)
11．Thugh he was disappinted at the result f the examinatin，he tried t hide his disappintment in rder nt t discurage his sn.(disappint)
12．Since the cuntry became independent in 1842，it has played an imprtant rle independently.Gne are the days when it depended n thers fr everything.(depend)
13．A persn’s life is limited but knwledge is limitless.(limit)
14．An argument abut whether peple shuld carry n with space explratin tk place at the cnference and sme peple argued that we shuld stp wasting time and mney n it.(argue)
15．Unsatisfied with the analysis，the researchers analyzed the data again.(analyze)
Ⅲ.经典句型仿写(每小题2分，共10分)
16．每当数学老师提出问题，他总是第一个举手的人。
Every time the math teacher asks questins，he is always the first ne t put up his hand.
17．他的迅速反应让老师很满意。
His quick respnse makes the teacher pleased.
18．他不但成绩好，而且经常帮助别人。
He nt nly studies well but als ften helps thers.
19．他有很多朋友，因为他容易相处。
He has many friends because he is easy t get alng with.
20．工人们没有被组织好，否则他们会用一半的时间完成任务的。
The wrkers were nt better rganized，therwise they wuld have accmplished the task in half the time.(2019·天津)
Ⅰ.课文语法填空——复习本单元Reading and Thinking部分
Peple have always wanted t explre space in the hpe f finding ut its secrets.After the mid-20th century，sme scientists realised 1.peple’s(peple) dream f travelling int space with brave peple 2.carried(carry) by spacecraft t learn mre abut the universe.Explring space is nt nly 3.dangerus(danger) but als challenging.Accidents can still happen thugh scientists try t make sure nthing 4.ges(g) wrng.But the desire 5.t explre(explre) space never stps 6.because peple believe they can vercme difficulties and be faced with thse big 7.challenges(challenge)．China has made great prgress in cmpleting the manned rbit and spacewalk，studying the mn’s surface and 8.establishing(establish) a space ur jy，future discveries will enable us t understand the universe 10.fully(full) step by step.
Ⅱ.课文选词填空——复习本单元Reading fr Writing 部分
eq \x(argue，analyse，pattern，resurce，limit，regular，glbe)
Cuntries arund the 1.glbe are spending lts f mney and time n varius space missins.Sme peple 2.argue that explring space has already made a difference in the fight against wrld hunger by 3.analysing the data n land and weather 4.patterns recrded by satellites.High-end prducts created t initially meet the requirements fr space explratin have been 5.regularly used in many industries.Besides,6.resurces n ur planet are 7.limited，and space explratin will help us t find an alternative hme.
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
disappinted adj.失望的，沮丧的
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)Peple were disappinted at/by/with the news that the satellite had been launched unsuccessfully.
(2)One by ne，the applicants left the interviewer’s ffice with disappinted(disappint) lks n their faces.
(3)Much t my disappintment(disappint)，I fund he had tld a lie t his mther.
再提能力——完美写作·单句写作·背诵
(4)对结果感到失望，他忍不住哭了起来。
Disappinted at the result，he culdn’t help crying.
desire n．渴望；欲望；愿望
vt.渴望；期望；想望
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)The by has a strng desire fr a smartphne with a large internal memry t play games.
(2)The teacher desired that all the exercises (shuld) be handed(hand) in befre schl was ver.
(3)Since yu have a strng desire t learn(learn) Chinese culture，I think Beijing Language and Culture University is an ideal place fr yu.(2019·北京)
再提能力——完美写作·一句多译·背诵
(4)他母亲希望他长大后成为一名建筑师。
①His mther desired him t be/becme an architect after he grew up.
②His mther desired that he (shuld) be/becme an architect after he grew up.
signal v．标志着；标明；发信号
n．信号；标志；预示；信号灯
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)We signalled(signal) t the driver in the hpe f stpping him befre he fell int the river.
(2)A man std up and crssed his arms ver his head，signalling(signal) that he was strngly ppsed.
(3)Just like the traffic itself，the timing f the signals(signal) changes.
再提能力——完美写作·单句写作·背诵
(4)司机匆忙把伤者送到了医院，忽视了一路上的交通信号。(读后续写动作描写)
The driver rushed the injured t the hspital immediately，ignring the traffic signals all the way.
n bard在船车、飞机等上；在宇宙飞船上
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)The passengers n bard are disappinted at the current accmmdatin n the ship.
(2)Six mnths ag Xie Lei said gdbye t her family and friends in China and barded(bard) a plane fr Lndn.
(3)The hurricane was s strng that all the passengers abard(bard) the ship fell int the river.
再提能力——完美写作·单句写作·背诵
(4)通过寄宿在一个外国家庭里，你可以更好地了解这个国家的文化习俗。(应用文之建议信)
By barding in a freign family，yu can have a better understanding f this cuntry’s culture and custms.
lack vt.缺乏；缺少；没有
n．缺乏；短缺
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)Lacking(lack) sufficient xygen，the astrnaut culd nt carry n with his missin.
(2)Later，he wrked in Africa，where many peple suffered frm blindness fr lack f prper treatment.(2020·江苏)
(3)It is bvius that the yung girl is lacking(lack) in useful skills.
再提能力——完美写作·句式升级·背诵
(4)Thugh Jack lacked experience，he made up fr it in enthusiasm.
Thugh lacking experience，Jack made up fr it in enthusiasm.(用省略句改写)
argue vt.& vi.争论；争辩；论证
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)He ften argues with his sn abut/ver recycling water s as t cut dwn the water bill.
(2)Sme peple argue that we shuld stp wasting time and mney explring space.
(3)Mst f the members argued fr his plan，which made him satisfied.
(4)Why did he have an argument(argue) with his wife yesterday?
(5)They argued him int withdrawing his cmplaint.
再提能力——完美写作·单句写作·背诵
(6)60%的受采访者支持垃圾分类并且声称他们也会在日常生活中这么做。(议论文)
60% f the interviewees argue fr rubbish classificatin and claim that they will d this in their daily life.
attach v.系；绑；贴；把……固定；重视
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)The prfessr attaches great imprtance t the analysis f the data.
(2)Please attach yur phtgraph t this applicatin frm.
(3)With time ging by，Claire seemed t be mre attached(attach) t Tny，the rbt.
再提能力——完美写作·单句写作·背诵
(4)在学习语言的过程中，你再怎么强调阅读的重要性也不为过。(应用文之建议信)
Yu can never attach t much imprtance t reading during the curse f learning language.
run ut用完；耗尽物作主语，无被动语态
先练基础——根据句意用run短语的正确形式填空
(1)I was reading in a bkstre when I ran acrss an ld friend there yesterday.
(2)I nearly ran int a bus when it stpped suddenly in frnt f me.
再提能力——完美写作·一句多译·背诵
(3)我们的钱快花完了。我们该怎么办？
① Our mney is running ut.What shuld we d?
② We are running ut f ur mney.What shuld we d?
therwise的用法
Astrnauts have t use tape t stick everything dwn while wrking in space because everything wuld flat ff therwise.
宇航员在太空工作时必须用胶带把所有的东西粘在一起，否则所有的东西都会漂走。
先练基础——一词多义
写出下列句子中therwise的词性和汉语意思
(1)My parents lent me the mney.Otherwise，I culdn’t have affrded the trip.adv.否则；不然
(2)There was sme music playing upstairs.Otherwise the huse was silent.adv.除此以外
(3)It is nt permitted t sell r therwise distribute cpies f past examinatin papers.adv.以其他方式
再提能力——完美写作·完成句子·背诵
(4)我们当时不知道你遇到了困难，要不然我们会帮助你的。
We didn’t knw yu were in truble at that time，therwise we wuld have given yu a hand.
(5)我现在没带钱。否则我就借给你一些了。
I have n mney n me nw.Otherwise，I wuld lend sme t yu.
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上单元词汇
Ⅰ.熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍
1．The rent is high，but therwise the huse is satisfactry.在其他方面
2．Ht and cld air currents pwer the weather systems n earth.(气)流
3．Officials had nt been allwed t mnitr the vting.监听，监视
4．The barman gave free drinks t the regulars at Christmas.老顾客们
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
1．Mr Smith is determined(determine) t seek his frtune in the dwntwn area.
2．The yung man had a strng desire t earn earn a living by himself sn after he graduated.
3．He had t seek help frm his clleagues fr lack f experience.
4．Thse wh ignre the traffic signals(signal) can’t escape being punished.
5．It was wise f him t admit what he had dne therwise he wuld have gt(get) int series f truble.
6．The diversity between minrities ften brings abut arguments(argue)．
7.Apart frm the mild climate，the ethnic music als results in the prsperus turism.
8.Afterwards，he seemed t run ut f frtune and finally he lst all his pssessins.
9．The prince had his servant attach a jade accessry t his rbe carefully.
10．Spanish peple were the first immigrants t settle(settle) dwn in the district.
Ⅲ.写作增分练——提升语用能力
(人物介绍)
1．李子柒是一个网红，也是第一个海外粉丝突破千万的中国视频博主(vlgger)。(the first＋n.＋t d)
Li Ziqi is an nline celebrity，wh is als the first Chinese vlgger t have mre than 10 millin fans verseas.
2．她的视频总是让乡村生活像梦一样美好。(make＋sth./sb.＋adj.)
Her vides always make cuntry life as beautiful as a dream.
3．就连她的农家小院(farmyard)也显得住起来非常温馨。(sth./sb.＋系动词＋adj.＋t d)
Even her farmyard seems warm and sweet t live in.
4．通过上传视频，她不但在全球收获了上亿粉丝，而且传播了中国文化。(nt als)
By uplading vides，she nt nly gains hundreds f millins f fans arund the glbe，but als spreads Chinese culture all ver the wrld.
5．被她的视频所吸引，许多外国人对中国的文化和乡村生活痴迷。
Attracted by her vides，many freigners get fascinated by Chinese culture and cuntry life.
请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。(文中加波浪线的句子为本单元的语法项目：t d作定语和状语)
eq \x(determine，launch，disappint，independent，therwise，lack，sufficient)
Mankind has managed t create vehicles t carry astrnauts int space.They 1.launch rckets carrying satellites.Many intelligent peple are 2.determined t devte themselves t space explratin，even thugh space disasters which killed astrnauts n bard make them ，when living in space，the astrnauts have t recycle dirty water s as t use it later.Fr 4.lack f gravity，their muscles becme weak.They have t tape everything up,5.therwise they wuld flat arund.They als need t figure ut a way t stre 6.sufficient fd r xygen，but peple’s desire t explre space never dies. China is the third cuntry t send humans int space signals a giant leap frward fr China.Sme peple argue that we shuld stp wasting time and mney n space explratin，which is a shallw view.Our planet’s resurces are limited, we shuld find a new hme t prvide fr the ever increasing ppulatin.In clsing，we shuld carry n with space explratin.
练基础——单句语法填空
1．He gt t the statin nly t find(find) the train had left.
2．In his speech，he expressed his determinatin t achieve(achieve) his gals.
3．The speed is high enugh fr us t catch(catch) up with the first liner.
提能力——微写作
根据汉语提示并运用以上语法用英语写一段话
要学好汉语，你必须利用每一个机会说这门语言。每一次你有一个想法要表达时，你都应尝试用汉语说。要勇于做第一个犯错误的人。(应用文之语言学习)
T learn Chinese well，yu must make use f every chance t speak the language.Every time yu have an pinin t express，yu shuld try t say it in Chinese.Just be brave t be the first t make mistakes.•be disappinted at/with/by...对……失望
be disappinted t d sth.对做某事失望
be disappinted that...对……失望
•disappint vt.使失望/沮丧
•disappinting adj.令人失望的
•disappintment n．失望，沮丧
t ne’s disappintment令某人失望的是
•have a desire t d sth.渴望做某事
have a desire fr sth.渴望得到某物
•desire t d sth.渴望做某事
desire sb.t d sth.渴望某人做某事
desire that...(shuld) d...渴望……
•signal (t) sb.t d sth.示意某人做某事
signal (sb.) that示意(某人)……
•traffic signals交通信号灯
•bard n．板；木板；委员会；董事会；伙食；膳食
•bard v．登上(船、车、飞机等)；寄宿
bard a ship/plane/train登上船/飞机/火车
bard in a freign family寄宿在一个外国家庭
a barding schl寄宿制学校
•abard adv.& prep.在船(飞机、火车等)上；上船(飞机、火车等)
g abard上船(飞机、火车等)
•abrad adv.在国外；到国外
g abrad出国
•(a) lack f缺少……
fr/thrugh lack f因缺少……
•lacking adj.不足的；缺乏的
be lacking in在……方面缺乏
•argue with sb.abut/ver sth.因某事与某人争吵/争论
argue fr/against (ding) sth.据理赞成/反对(做)某事
argue that...主张……，认为……
argue sb. int/ut f ding sth.说服某人做/不做某事
•argument n．争论；争辩；争吵；论点
•把……附在……上
attach
认为……有重要性/意义/价值/分量等
•attached adj.附加的；依恋的，爱慕的
be attached t喜欢，依恋；附属于
run ut f用光，用完人作主语，有被动语态
run acrss偶然遇到
run after追逐；追求
run int撞上；遇上，偶然遇到；碰上困境、麻烦等
•therwise用作连词时，有时表示一种含蓄的虚拟条件，此时其后的句子用虚拟语气。
表示对过去的虚拟，其后句子的谓语动词用wuld/culd have dne，表示对现在的虚拟，其后句子的谓语动词用wuld/culd d。
•therwise还常用于句型“祈使句＋therwise＋陈述句”。
技巧一点通
•动词不定式作定语时，要放在它所修饰的名词或代词后面。当中心词为序数词，最高级，the last，the nly等或中心词被这类词修饰时，常用不定式作定语。被修饰词是way，chance，pprtunity，plan，ability等时，也常常用t d作定语。
•作目的状语的不定式前，常加上in rder或s as，但s as不能位于句首。t d作目的状语放在句首时往往用逗号与主句隔开，但放在句中时则不用逗号。