2022届高考英语一轮复习讲义学案（新教材人教版）选择性必修第四册　Unit 1　Science Fiction

这是一份2022届高考英语一轮复习讲义学案（新教材人教版）选择性必修第四册　Unit 1　Science Fiction，共13页。


教材词汇要记牢
Ⅰ.阅读单词——我会认
1．ridiculus adj.愚蠢的；荒谬的；荒唐的
2．absurd adj.荒谬的；荒唐的
3．ladder n．梯子；阶梯
4．whereas cnj.然而；但是；尽管
5．rumur n．谣言；传闻
6．presume vt.& vi.假定；假设
7．fare n．车费；船费；飞机票价
8．alien n．外星人(生物)；外国人 adj.陌生的；外星的；外国的
9．blurred adj.模糊不清的；难以区分的
10．inactin n．无行动；不采取措施
11．bnus n．意外收获；奖金；红利
12．nail n．指甲；趾甲；钉子vt.(用钉子)钉牢；固定
13．suspend vt.悬；挂；暂停；暂缓
14．gramme n．克(重量单位)
15．venue n．活动场地(如音乐厅、会场等)
16．panel n．控制板；仪表盘；专家咨询组
17．inch n．英寸(长度单位，等于2.54厘米)
18．handkerchief n．手帕；纸巾
19．lever n．操纵杆；杠杆
20．grip vt.& vi.紧握；抓紧
21．hazy adj.模糊的；朦胧的；困惑的
22．puff n．(烟、气等的)一缕；少量；喘息
23．jlt n．震动；摇晃；颠簸vt.& vi.(使)震动；摇晃
24．flip vt.& vi.(使)快速翻转；(用手指)轻抛
25．stun vt.使震惊，使昏迷
26．verstatement n．夸大；夸张
27．Isaac Asimv 艾萨克·阿西莫夫
28．Braille (als braille)布拉耶盲文(凸点符号)
29．The Three-Bdy Prblem《三体》
30．Hug Award 雨果奖
Ⅱ.重点单词——我会写
1．fictin n．小说；虚构的事
2．integrity n．诚实正直；完整；完好
3．dignity n．庄重；庄严；尊严
4．salary n．薪水；薪金
5．saleswman n．女售货员；女推销员
6．dismiss vt.让(某人)离开；解散；解雇；消除
7．weekly adj.每周的n.周刊
8．chairwman n．女主席；女董事长；女委员长
9．flur n．面粉；(谷物磨成的)粉
10．salesman n．售货员；推销员
11．superir adj.更好的；占优势的；(在级别或重要性上)更高的
12．labur n．劳动(者)；体力劳动 vi.奋斗；努力工作
13．leather n．皮革；[pl.]皮衣；皮外套
14．backwards adv.向后；倒着；往回
15．niece n．侄女；外甥女
16．fetch vt.(去)拿来；(去)请来
17．lamp n．灯；台灯
18．pace n．速度；步伐；节奏vt.& vi.确定速度；调整节奏
19．randm adj.随机的；不可思议的
20．maximum adj.最大极限的n.最大量；最大限度
Ⅲ.拓展单词——我会变
1．appintment n．预约；约会；委任→appint vt.任命；委派；指定；约定
2．guilty adj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的→guilt n．内疚
3．declare vt.表明；宣称；公布→declaratin n．宣称；声明
4．calculate vt.计算；核算；预测→calculatr n．计算器→calculatin n．计算
5．divisin n．分开；分隔；差异；除(法)→divide vt.分开；分散；分配；分享
6．urge n．强烈的欲望；冲动 vt.催促；力劝；大力推荐→urgent adj.紧急的；急迫的
7．explde vi.& vt.爆炸；爆破→explsin n．爆炸；(感情)爆发；激增
8．mud n．泥；泥浆→muddy adj.泥泞的
Ⅳ.核心短语
1．test ut检验；测试
2．mre like更像是；更接近
3．n 根据；以……的方式(基准)
4．prs and cns事物的利与弊；支持与反对
5．superir t比……更好；更胜一筹
6．take ver占上风；取而代之；接管；接手
7．cnflict with与……冲突或抵触
8．turn ut关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是
9．fall away(逐渐)减少；消失
10．have an urge t有强烈的欲望做某事
高频词汇来助力
1．mystery n．神秘；神秘的事物
2．natinwide adj.全国范围的；全国性的
3．negtiate vi.谈判；商议
4．neighburhd(美neighbrhd)n.四邻；邻近地区
5．nrmal n．& adj.正常的(状态)
6．nutritin n．营养；营养品
7．btain vt.得到
8．ccupatin n．职业；占有
经典句式需悟通
1．As she turned arund，there std Gladys Claffern.
她一转身，就看到格拉迪丝·克拉芬站在那儿。
2．She heard him declare that he did nt want t leave her the next day，and that he felt mre than just the desire t please her.
她听到他说第二天不想离开她，他感觉他不仅仅只是想取悦她。
3．It was at ten ’clck tday that the first f all Time Machines began its career.
今天十点钟，第一台时间机器开始投入使用。
4．Lking arund，I saw my labratry exactly as befre.
环顾四周，我看到我的实验室和从前一模一样。
5．It felt like I was being driven fast n a winding rad.
这感觉就像我在一条蜿蜒的路上疾驰。
Ⅰ.阅读单词(每小题1分，共9分)
1．absurd adj.荒谬的；荒唐
2．whereas cnj.然而；但是；尽管
3．rumur n．谣言；传闻
4．fare n．车费；船费；飞机票价
5．blurred adj.模糊不清的；难以区分的
6．grip vt.& vi.紧握；抓紧
7．hazy adj.模糊的；朦胧的；困惑的
8．stun vt.使震惊，使昏迷
9．verstatement n．夸大；夸张
Ⅱ.重点单词(每小题2分，共26分)
10．dignity n．庄重；庄严；尊严
11．salary n．薪水；薪金
12．dismiss vt.让(某人)离开；解散；解雇；消除
13．weekly adj.每周的n.周刊
14．flur n．面粉；(谷物磨成的)粉
15．superir adj.更好的；占优势的；(在级别或重要性上)更高的
16．labur n．劳动(者)；体力劳动vi.奋斗；努力工作
17．leather n．皮革；[pl.]皮衣；皮外套
18．niece n．侄女；外甥女
19．fetch vt.(去)拿来；(去)请来
20．lamp n．灯；台灯
21．randm adj.随机的；不可思议的
22．maximum adj.最大极限的n.最大量；最大限度
Ⅲ.拓展单词(每小题2分，共14分)
23．appintment n．预约；约会；委任→appint vt.任命；委派；指定；约定
24．guilty adj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的→guilt n．内疚
25．declare vt.表明；宣称；公布→declaratin n．宣称；声明
26．calculate vt.计算；核算；预测→calculatr n．计算器→calculatin n．计算
27．divisin n．分开；分隔；差异；除(法)→divide vt.分开；分散；分配；分享
28．urge n．强烈的欲望；冲动vt.催促；力劝；大力推荐→urgent adj.紧急的；急迫的
29．explde vi.& vt.爆炸；爆破→explsin n．爆炸；(感情)爆发；激增
Ⅳ.高频词汇(每小题1分，共5分)
30．mystery n．神秘；神秘的事物
31．natinwide adj.全国范围的；全国性的
32．negtiate vi.谈判；商议
33．nutritin n．营养；营养品
34．ccupatin n．职业；占有
Ⅴ.核心短语(每小题2分，共14分)
35．test ut检验；测试
36．n 根据；以……的方式(基准)
37．superir t比……更好，更胜一筹
38．take ver占上风；取而代之；接管；接手
39．cnflict with与……冲突或抵触
40．turn ut关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是
41．have an urge t有强烈的欲望做某事
Ⅰ.单词拼写(根据汉语提示或首字母提示写单词)(每小题1分，共8分)
1．The flur made in this factry is far superir t that in that factry in quality.
2．Wrd came that a bmb planted in a garbage can explde early tday.
3．Unfrtunately，he was dismissed frm the jb and led a miserable life.
4．May 1 is Internatinal Labur Day and mst peple will enjy a relatively lng hliday.
5．In the dry seasns，the villagers have t walk several miles t fetch(取) water fr daily use.
6．The jb will require yu t take advantage f all yur skills t the maximum(最大量)．
7．I prefer the relaxed pace(节奏) f life in the cuntry.
8．It has been calculated(计算) that at least 47,000 emplyees were dismissed last year.
Ⅱ.词形变化填空(用括号内所给词的适当形式填空)(每小题2分，共14分)
9．Li Hua has been appinted as chairman f the Students’ Assciatin and I will write a letter t cngratulate him n his appintment.(appintment)
10．I am guilty f the silly mistake I made yesterday and n wrds can express my guilt.(guilty)
11．He declared that he wuld put humans n Mars in less than a decade，but his declaratin prved unrealistic.(declare)
12．Yesterday the emplyer urged his emplyees t deal with the urgent matters by Friday.(urge)
13．The explsin was caused by burst f a gas pipe，which made the bss explde with anger.(explde)
14．Yu can use a calculatr t calculate the average mark f the class and then yur calculatin(s) can be accurate.(calculate)
15．As the wrk can be divided(divisin) amng several peple，it can be dne effectively.
Ⅲ.经典句型仿写(每小题2分，共10分)
16．这是我的关于如何增强你和其他人交流能力的建议。(全部倒装)
Here are my tips n hw t strengthen yur ability t cmmunicate with thers.
17．我非常高兴收到您的来信。
I am mre than delighted t receive yur letter.
18．不是你被给予了什么而是你如何利用它才决定着你是谁。(强调句)
It is nt what yu are given but hw yu make use f it that determines wh yu are.
19．秘书工作到深夜，为总统准备长篇演讲。
The secretary wrked late int the night，preparing a lng speech fr the President.
20．我的叔叔在世时，他烟抽得很厉害。
My uncle smked like a chimney when he was living.
Ⅰ.课文语法填空——复习本单元Reading and Thinking部分
A husehld rbt named Tny was ging t 1.be tested(test) ut in a family by Claire.Claire didn’t like the idea at the beginning，but she agreed t it at last.At the first sight f Tny，Claire was 2.alarmed(alarm)，fr the rbt seemed mre like a human 3.than a machine，handsme with smth hair and a deep vice.When Tny ffered t help her dress，Claire felt embarrassed.Claire cmplained that she wasn’t clever and Tny shwed sympathy fr her,4.which she thught was quite (gradual)，Tny began t win Claire’s trust.As a favr，Tny helped Claire make herself smarter and her hme 6.mre elegant(elegant)．In 7.an expensive clthes shp，when the saleswman was rude t her，she rang Tny up fr help.Tny made the wman change her implite attitude and Claire was grateful t Tny,8.saying(say) that he was a “dear”．Hwever，the scene was discvered by Gladys Claffern and thus Claire felt 9.guilty(guilt)．Claire wept srrwfully after arriving hme.T cmfrt her，Tny suggested that she 10.(shuld) invite(invite) Gladys and her friends t the huse which wuld have been cmpletely transfrmed by then.
Ⅱ.课文选词填空——复习本单元Using Language部分
eq \x(hazy，pace，puff，explde，jlt，urge，maximum，lever)
The Time Machine
Tday，at ten ’clck I gave the first Time Machine a last check and sat myself in the leather seat.I drew a breath，pushed the starting 1.lever n the main panel and gripped the lever.The labratry went 2.hazy arund me.It was hard t explain the strange and unpleasant feeling f time traveling.As my 3.pace grew faster，the walls f the labratry fell away and I was left in the pen air.I saw trees grwing like 4.puffs f smke.I suddenly had a strng 5.urge t lk at the randm things that were being flashed befre my eyes.S lng as I travelled at 6.maximum speed，it didn’t matter.But if I stpped and the same space was being ccupied by smething else，we wuld be frced tgether and 7.explde like a bmb.Then like an impatient fl，I pulled the lever backwards hard.With a sudden 8.jlt，the Time Machine was flipped n its side and I was thrwn thrugh the air.
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
guilty adj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)What greatly stunned me was that he was guilty f a crime and was put in prisn.
(2)I felt guilty fr/at/abut my cnflict with my dear friend and I must aplgize t him.
再提能力——完美写作·一句多译·背诵
(3)她说：“可是我已经欺骗了我奶奶”，脸颊上流下了内疚的泪水。
①“But I have cheated my grandmther，” said she，and tears f guilt flwed dwn her cheeks.(并列句)
②“But I have cheated my grandmther，” said she，tears f guilt flwing dwn her cheeks.(独立主格结构)
urge n．强烈的欲望；冲动
vt.催促；力劝；大力推荐
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)It is strngly urged that all the lamps (shuld) be turned(turn) ut during the night.
(2)After I have received my bnus，I have a strng urge t buy(buy) many science fictins.
(3)My bss urged me t calculate(calculate) the salaries f all the salesmen and saleswmen.
＝My bss urged that I (shuld) calculate(calculate) the salaries f all the salesmen and saleswmen.
再提能力——完美写作·一句多译·背诵
(4)家长应该积极督促孩子利用这个机会参加户外活动。
①Parents shuld actively urge their children t take advantage f the pprtunity t participate in utdr activities.(urge sb.t d)
②Parents shuld actively urge that their children (shuld) take advantage f the pprtunity t participate in utdr activities.(urge that...)
n 根据；以……的方式基准
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)They test ut the machine n a regular basis in case there may be smething wrng with it.
(2)On the basis f these facts，we can cnclude that the ridiculus rumr was spread by my niece.
再提能力——完美写作·词汇升级·背诵
(3)(简单表达)He has frmed the habit f getting up early and exercising every day，which enables him t keep physically healthy.
(高级表达)He has frmed the habit f getting up early and exercising n a daily basis，which enables him t keep physically healthy.
take ver占上风；取而代之；接管；接手
根据句意用take短语的正确形式完成下面语段
After taking ver the firm frm his father，Tm tk in sme scientific ideas and tk n sme experienced and hard-wrking wrkers，which suggested that his firm wuld take ff sn.Tm held the strng belief that his firm wuld take n a new lk in the near future.
turn ut关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是
先练基础——一词多义
写出下列句子中turn ut的汉语意思
(1)He turned ut t be guilty f his mean wrds and tears f regret blurred his eyes.结果是
(2)Keep in mind that yu must turn ut the lamp in yur rm when yu leave.关掉；熄灭
(3)The bss declared that all the staff must turn ut fr the meeting.出席；在场
(4)The factry turned ut twice as many TV sets this year as last year.生产；制造
再提能力——完美写作·完成句子/单句写作·背诵
(5)所有的候选人必须在截止日期前交上申请表和相关材料。
All the candidates must turn in the applicatin frms and relevant materials befre the deadline.
(6)有如此多的数学难题要解决，我必须向我的老师求助。
With s many difficult math prblems t handle，I must turn t my teacher fr help.
(7)你最好按时出现，或者比约定的时间早几分钟。
Yu had better turn up punctually r a few minutes earlier than the appinted time.
mre than多于，超过；不仅仅；非常
先练基础——一词多义
写出下列句子中mre than的汉语意思
(1)She bught mre than ten handkerchiefs and tw pairs f leather shes at a time，which made her mther explde with anger.多于；超过
(2)I am mre than glad t help yu analyze the prs and cns f the chice yu have made.非常
(3)He is mre than my teacher；he is als my friend.不仅仅
再提能力——完美写作·语段填空·背诵
(4)I wuld be mre than delighted(我会非常高兴) if yu culd cme and jin in my birthday party at 7 p．m.next Friday at my hme.There will be mre than ten friends(将会有十几个朋友)．The party is mre than fr fun(派对不仅仅是为了玩)；it is als fr mutual cmmunicatin.S please accept my sincere invitatin.
修辞之明喻在读后续写中的运用
It felt like I was being driven fast n a winding rad.这感觉就像我在一条蜿蜒的路上疾驰。
能力提升——完美写作·完成句子·背诵
(1)当他听我们谈论丰富多彩的生活时，他的笑容灿烂得如宝石一样闪闪发光。
When he heard us talking abut the clrful life，the smile n his face shne like a diamnd.
(2)它在温柔低语，就像一个小女孩对她的母亲私语一样。
It murmured in a sft vice like a little girl whispering t her mther.
(3)汤姆病得很厉害，不能去聚会。
Tm was as sick as a dg，and culdn’t g t the party.
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上单元词汇
Ⅰ.一词多义练——清除阅读障碍
dismiss
eq \x(A.vt.消除 B.vt.解散；让某人离开 C.vt.解雇)
1．The class was dismissed early tday. B
2．He was dismissed frm his jb fr inactin and incmpetence. C
3．I gently patted him n the shulder t dismiss his fears frm his mind. A
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
1．The editr has an appintment with the science fictin writer t meet at the café t ffer his salary and bnus.
2．The saleswman felt guilty(guilt) abut nt visiting her parents mre ften.
3．The chairwman has declared that 100 wrkers will be dismissed(dismiss) next week.
4. Salesmen and saleswmen are advised t have a medical examinatin n a regular basis，which is helpful t their health.
5．It’s ridiculus that this cuntry declared war n fur cuntries at the same time.
6．He tld me that a film was being shwn(shw) in the hall then.
7．Of the tw handkerchiefs，I think this ne is superir t the ther ne.
8．The by ften cnflicts with ther students，which makes his parents explde with anger.
9．I never felt an urge t learn(learn) any sign language befre.
10．He picked up a handkerchief at randm and handed it t his niece t wipe her nse.
Ⅲ.写作增分练——提升语用能力
(应用文之建议信)
1．得知你即将参加中国戏剧知识竞赛，我非常高兴。(mre than)
I’m mre than glad t knw that yu will take part in the Chinese drama knwledge cmpetitin.
2．这是我的关于如何为之准备的建议。(here引导的全部倒装)
Here are my tips n hw t prepare fr it.
3．首先，提前学一些中国现代戏剧的历史非常重要。(强调句型)
First f all，it is learning mre abut the histry f Chinese mdern drama in advance that is f great imprtance.
4．第二，经常和其他参与者交流意见，你可以变得更自信。(现在分词短语作状语)
Secndly，exchanging ideas with ther participants regularly，yu can becme mre cnfident.
5．最后，如果你感觉你是戏剧中的人物，你会发现记住戏剧知识很容易。(feel like)
Finally，if yu feel like yu are the characters in the drama，yu will find it easy t memrize the drama knwledge.
请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。(文中加波浪线的句子为本单元的语法项目：被动语态)
eq \x(bnus，guilty，cnflict，divisin，declare，appintment)
My niece，Jane，labured t the maximum fr 10 years in a shpping mall and finally she tk up an 1.appintment as the chairwman.She was respected by all the salesmen and saleswmen because she was full f integrity and dignity.She exactly calculated the staff’s salaries and rewarded the best nes with a ，ne salesman，Jack,3.declared that he culd sell anything by absurd verstatements，such as science fictins，ladders，flur，leathers，levers f varius panels，handkerchiefs，nails，lamps and even mud.In his view，he was superir t thers，s he had an urge t take ver the sales manager.It turned ut that he ften 4.cnflicted with thers.Then came a rumr that all the staff wuld resign if Jack wasn’t dismissed，which greatly stunned Jane and even made Jane explde with anger.Jane thught inactin was imprper，s she urged Jack t weigh prs and cns.Otherwise，his jb wuld be suspended.Jack felt s 5.guilty f his ridiculus behavirs that tears blurred his eyes.He prmised t aplgize t all the staff at a meeting n a weekly basis t remve the 6.divisin between him and his clleagues.He wuld share what he gripped frm that day n.
练基础——请把下面的句子变成被动语态
1．Nw we are using mre and mre English wrds in the Chinese language.
→Nw mre and mre English wrds are being used in the Chinese language.
2．We will hld a Chinese Painting Exhibitin in this lcal city next Saturday.
→A Chinese Painting Exhibitin will be held in this lcal city next Saturday.
3．We hld varius activities in ur lecture hall n a weekly basis.
→Varius activities are held in ur lecture hall n a weekly basis.
4．He has finished much wrk within ne hur.
→Much wrk has been finished within ne hur.
技巧一点通
提能力——微写作
根据汉语提示并运用以上语法用英语写一段话
我们的城市昨晚遭遇了一场可怕的暴雨。在这次灾难中，有十所房子被摧毁。更糟糕的是，到目前为止已造成8人死亡。现在许多士兵正被派去帮忙。据说，直接经济损失已达到一千万元。我们相信在不久的将来，通过共同努力，我们的城市将会得到重建。
Our city was hit by a very terrible rainstrm last night.In this disaster，ten huses were destryed.What’s wrse，eight deaths have been caused s far.Nw many sldiers are being sent t help.It is said that the direct ecnmic lsses add up t ten millin yuan.We believe that ur city will be rebuilt with jint effrts in the near future.•be guilty f犯有……罪
be/feel guilty fr/at/abut...对/为……感到内疚/有愧
•guilt n．内疚；悔恨；犯罪；罪行
•have/feel an urge t d sth.有强烈的欲望做某事
•urge sb.t d sth.催促某人做某事
urge that...(shuld) d sth.极力主张/强调……做某事
It is urged that...(shuld) d sth.极力主张/强调……做某事
•urgent adj.紧急的；迫切的
n a regular basis例行地；有规律地；定期地
n a daily/weekly basis每天/每周
n the basis f/that...以……为基础
take ff起飞；匆匆离去；脱下；大获成功
take n呈现；雇用；承担
take in包括；吸收；理解；欺骗；收留
take up占去；占据；开始从事
turn dwn 拒绝；关小；调低
turn in 上交
turn ver 翻身；移交；转变
turn t 求助于；转向
turn up 出现；调高
•mre than＋数词，表示“超过；不止”，相当于ver
mre than＋名词，意为“不只是；不仅仅……”，相当于nt nly
mre than＋形容词/副词，意为“非常，很”，相当于very
•mre A than B 与其说B不如说A
在读后续写中可以适当采用明喻这一修辞方法，增加故事情节的生动性。明喻主要采用like，as。
英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。各种时态的被动语态如下所示：
项目
一般时态
进行时态
完成时态
现在
am/is/are dne
am/is/are being dne
has/have been dne
过去
was/were dne
was/were being dne
had been dne
将来
shall/will be dne
无
shall/will have been dne