牛津译林版八年级上册Unit 1 Friends学案
展开8A Unit 1 friends
【词汇用法剖析】
1. honest
(1)honest 作形容词,意为“诚实地;正直地,坦率地”。例如:
All my life I have tried to be an honest man. 我一生都想做一个诚实的人。
He is an honest businessman, according to what everyone says.
根据大家所说,他是位诚实的商人。
Give me your honest opinion. 请坦率地说出你的意见。
(2)to be honest (with you) 意为“坦白地说,老实地告诉你”。 例如:
To be honest, I don’t know anything about it. 老实说,我对此事一无所知。
(3)honest的常用搭配:
be honest in (doing) sth. 诚实地做某事
be honest with sb. 对某人以坦诚相待
be honest about sth. 对某事诚实
例如:
She is always honest with her customers. 她对顾客总是诚实的。
(4)honest派生词:
honesty 诚实; honestly诚实地;dishonest不诚实的; dishonesty不诚实
2.secret
作名词,意为“秘密,机密”。如:
Our plan must remain a secret. 我们的计划必须保密。
作形容词,意为“秘密地,隐秘的”:
We discovered a secret passage behind the wall.
我们在墙后发现了一个秘密通道。
3. care about
care about 表示“关心,在乎”。例如:
He doesn’t care about anything. 他什么也不在乎。
We should care about the poor. 我们应该关心穷人。
【拓展】
care for意为“喜欢”。care for意为“照顾”,是比较正式的用语。
例如:I don’t really care for milk. 我其实不大喜欢牛奶。
The mother cared for the sick child day and night. 母亲日夜照顾生病的孩子。
4. lie
lie作动词,意为“躺”,过去式和过去分词分别为lay和lain,现在分词为lying。例如:
I found he was lying on the ground. 我发现他躺在地上。
【拓展】
(1) lie作动词时,也可意为“撒谎”,过去式和过去分词是规则的,均为lied。lie也可用作名词,意为“谎言”。例如:
Don’t lie to me.不要向我撒谎。
The boy told a lie to me. 这个男孩向我撒了谎。
(2)lie还表示“位于”的意思。例如:
A temple lies on the top of the mountain. 一座寺庙位于山顶之上。
lie 躺;位于 lay lying
lie 说谎 lied lying
(3)英语中,部分以-ie结尾的动词的-ing形式必须改ie为y再加-ing。例如:
die → dying 死,死亡; tie → tying 系,打结; lie → lying 撒谎;平躺
5. bored
bored是形容词,意为“感到厌烦的”,一般用来说明人的感受。例如:
I’m bored with the book. 我对这本书厌烦了。
boring也是形容词,意为“令人厌烦的”,一般用来说明事物的特征。例如:
The story is boring. 这个故事令人厌烦。
【拓展】
英语中,带-ing的形容词,用来形容事物,指某事物的性质、特征,意为“令人……的,让人……的”,常用物作主语,或作定语修饰物。而带-ed的是用来形容人的,意为“感到……的,使人……的”,其主语是人,类似的词有:
令 exciting 令人兴奋的 interesting 令人感兴趣的 moving 令人感动的
excited (人)兴奋的 interested(人)感兴趣的 moved(人)感动的
Ti surprising令人惊讶的
ti surprised(人)感到惊讶的
6.plan
(1) 作可数名词,意为“计划,方案”。 例如:
What are your plans? 你的计划是什么?
Make a plan for study, please. 请制定学习计划。
(2) 作动词,意为“计划,打算”,其现在分词为planning,过去式和过去分词为planned。常用于plan to do sth.表示“计划干某事”。例如:
They are planning to go hiking this weekend.
他们正在计划本周末远足的事。
7.choose
choose是及物动词,意为“选择”,后接名词、代词或动词不定式。
(1)表示“选择”,可以带双宾语。例如:
He chose me a nice present. /He chose a nice present for me.
他为我选了件漂亮的礼物。
(2)表示在两者之间选择用介词 between, 表示在三者之间选择用介词 among,from或out of等。例如:
He had to choose between this one and that one.
他必须在这个和那个之间做出选择。
He chose three out of these books.
他从这些书中挑选了三本。
(3)后可接不定式,可表示“决定,宁愿”。例如:
He chose to go with us. 他决定同我们一起去。
He chose not to tell her. 他决定不告诉她。
8.patient
patient作为形容词,意为“有耐性的;忍耐的”。它的名词形式patience,意思是“耐心;容忍”。例如:
Sorry. Doctor Song is quite busy now. You should be patient and wait for a few minutes.
对不起,宋医生现在很忙,你要耐心些,再等几分钟。
It was hard work and required all his patience.
工作很艰巨,需要他有极大的耐心。
patient还可以作名词,意为“病人”。例如:
He is a patient with cancer. But he still lives quite happily every day.
他是一个癌症患者,但他每天仍然活得很快乐。
She was tough but wonderful with her patients.
她很严厉,但对患者却很好。
【知识点讲解】
1.be ready to do sth
ready是形容词,意为“有准备的”。 be always ready to do sth. 表示“乐于做某事”。例如:
She is always ready to help others. 她总是乐于助人。
【拓展】
(1)get ready for意为“为……做准备”,强调动作。 例如:
The farmers are getting ready for the next year.
农民们正在为明年做准备。
All the students are getting ready for the sports meeting.
所有学生在为运动会做准备。
(2)be ready for意为“为……做好了准备”,强调状态。例如:
They are ready for the party. 他们为聚会做好了准备。
(3)get sth. ready意为“把某物准备好”。 例如:
Please get your school things ready. 请把学习用具准备好。
I will get the lunch ready. 我会把午餐准备好。
2.Can I have something to drink?我可以喝点东西吗?
分析:something to drink意为“一些喝的东西”,其中动词不定式to drink作后置定语,修饰不定代词something。
如:一些吃的东西 ;一些可读的东西 。
3.Do you believe what he/she says?你相信他/她说的话吗?
分析:believe what he/she says=believe his/her words=believer him/her意为“相信他/她说的话”,believe in sb. =trust sb.意为“信任某人”。
如:We should not . She often tells lies.
我们不应该相信她的话。她经常说谎。
I believe in/trust you.我信任你。
4. You can trust them because they never tell lies.你可以信任他们因为他们从不说谎。
分析:(1) tell,talk,speak,say的区别
tell是及物动词,有“讲述;区分;告诉”之意,后接双宾语。“讲故事,说谎,”等只能用tell。如:tell the difference辨出区别,tell sb. to do sth.告诉某人做某事,tell stories讲故事。
talk是不及物动词,常与to,with或about连用。如:
We often basketball after class. 我们经常在课后谈论篮球。
speak作及物动词时,后只能接某种语言作其宾语;作不及物动词时,多指“发言或讲话的能力”。
如:He can speak three languages.他能讲三种语言。
Can the baby speak? 那个婴儿会讲话了吗?
say是及物动词,后接所讲的内容;say to oneself.
(2) lie的用法
lie作名词,意为“谎言”,是可数名词,与tell连用;作动词,意为“说谎;位于;躺”。如:
You are lying,I think.我认为你在撒谎。
Jim and Sam are lying on the grass. 吉姆和萨姆正躺在草地上。
5.Betty is one of my best friends.贝蒂是我最好的朋友之一。
one of…意为“……中的一个”或“……之一”,后接复数名词,当名词前有形容词修饰时,形容词应用其最高级形式。one of…作主语时,应看成单数。例如:
One of the (girl)is my sister. 这群女孩当中有一个是我的妹妹。
Mike is one of (tall) students in our class.
迈克是我们班最高的学生之一。
Miss Li is one of (popular) teachers in our school.
李老师是我们学校最受欢迎的老师之一。
6.She is willing to share things with her friends.
她乐意把她的东西与朋友们分享。
be willing to do表示“某人愿意、乐意做某事”。这个句型是be+形容词+to do构成。例如:
I would be willing to do anything for a good role, with a good script.
我愿意为了好角色外加好的剧本而做任何的事情。
Therefore at presents, when I can do myself, I am willing to be myself.
所以在这个时候,在这个我还能够做我自己的时候,我愿意做一回我自己。
【拓展】
“ be+形容词+to do”结构的词组还有:
be able to do sth 能够做
be easy to do sth 易于做---
be glad to do sth 高兴做---
be ready to do sth 准备做--
7. She helps me with my homework and she always gives her seat on the bus to someone in need.她帮助我做家庭作业,并且在公共汽车上她总是把座位让给需要帮助的人。
(1) help常用于几个句型:help sb. (to) do sth.=help sb. with sth.帮助某人做某事;help oneself(to)自用(食物等);help sb. out帮助某人摆脱(困境);with the help of在……帮助下。如:
Help yourself to the fish.请随便吃鱼。
Can you help me to learn English?
你能帮助我学英语吗?
With the help of her, he found his lost child.
在她的帮助下,他找到了失踪的小孩。
(2) in need意为“需要帮助的”,是介词短语作后置定语,修饰someone。in need of后面接“需要”的东西。如:
He was in great need of medical care.
他迫切需要医疗护理。
A friend in need is a friend indeed.
患难朋友才是真正的朋友。
8.Betty has a good voice.贝蒂有一个好嗓子。
voice,noise与sound的区别:
(1) sound意为“声音;音响”,其含义最广,指人能听到的任何声音,包括大的、小的/有意义的和无意义的等等,多指悦耳动听的声音。sound泛指自然界的任何声音,不论其高低、是否悦耳等。
Light travels faster than sound. 光比声音传播得快。
(2) noise意为“声音;噪音;喧闹声”,指不悦耳的、不和谐的嘈杂声、喧闹声,或任何令人讨厌的声音等。noise可以作可数名词,也可以用作不可数名词,表示“人们不愿听到的声音或嘈杂声”。
I heard some strange (noise)last night. 昨夜我听见一些奇怪的响声。
Will you please make less noise, boys and girls?
孩子们,能不能小点声?
(3) voice作名词,意为“声音,嗓音”。用于人时,指说话、歌唱或发笑的声音,也可指发言权。用于其它方面时,常含悦耳之声,如鸟鸣声,乐器声音等。如:
Don't speak in such a high . 说话声音不要这么大。
He talked of his trip to Hong Kong in a cheerful voice.
他兴高采烈地谈了他的香港之行。
练习:
1.I heard the of running water. 我听见流水声。
2.There's a lot of here. 这个地方人声嘈杂。
3.She has a sweet . 她声音很甜美。
8. He is (tall) boy in our class-almost l.75 metres.他在我们班级是最高的男生——将近1.75米高。
almost可用来修饰动词、形容词、副词、名词等。可以与no,none,nobody,nothing,never等词连用(注:表示类似含义的nearly则一般不这样用)。如:
all the guests are here.
差不多所有的客人都来了。
Dinner is almost ready.饭差不多做好了。
Almost no one believed her.几乎没有人相信她。
9.Max has a good sense of humour.马克斯很有幽默感。
have a good sense of humour意为“很有幽默感”,相当于be very humorous。
10. He tells funny jokes and always makes me laugh.他讲有趣的笑话并且总是让我大笑。
make me laugh意为“使我大笑”。
make作“使,让”讲时,是使役性动词,后可接形容词,动词原形或名词短语作宾语补足语。如:
What he said made the teacher (angry).
他说的话让老师很生气。
Loud music makes Tina .
大声的音乐使蒂娜想跳舞。
We made Jim our monitor.
我们选吉姆做我们的班长。
11. When he walks past our desks, he often knocks our books and pens onto the floor.当他经过我们的书桌时,他经常把我们的书和钢笔撞落在地上。
(1) walk past意为“经过,路过”,past可作介词、副词、名词或形容词。如:
In the past, he had to read by candlelight.
过去他只得在烛光下阅读。
The boys walked past our house.
男孩子们走过我们的房子。
(2) knock可作及物动词、不及物动词和名词。如:
He knocked my book off the desk.
他把我的书撞掉下了书桌。(及物动词)
Knock on the door before coming in.
进来之前要敲门。(不及物动词)
There is a loud knock on/at the door.
有人大声敲门。(名词)
12.When something worries me, I can always go to her.当某事使我烦恼时,我总是能向她求助。
go to sb. =ask sb. for help意为“向某人求助”。
13. What about some milk? 来点牛奶怎么样?
what/how about + sth./doing sth.?是向别人提出建议时常用的句型,也可以在具体语境中表示对上一个问题的省略。其中about是介词。
表示建议的句型:
(1)Shall I/we do sth ? 我/我们做..... 好吗?
(2)Let’s do sth, (shall we?) 让我们做.....,(好吗?)
(3)Would you like to do sth ? 你愿意做.....吗?
(4)Why not do sth ?= Why don’t we/you do sth ? 为什么不做.....呢?
(5)Would/Will/Could/Can you please do sth? 请你做.....,好吗?
注意:在征求意见或希望得到肯定回答的问句中,常常用some,而不用any,上述句型都可以与some连用。
(1)---- I feel stressed from time to time . Could you give me some advice ?
----_______ sharing your worries with your parents ?
A. Why don’t you B. How about C. Why not D. Would you like
(2)Would you please ___________(not make) so much noise ?
补充:sb. had better (not) do sth.某人最好(不)做某事
It’s best for sb. to do sth.对于某人来说做某事是最好的
翻译:你最好休息一下。 ______
夏天学游泳对你来说是最好的。
14. Do you believe what he/she says? 你相信他/她说的话吗?
此句为believe+宾语从句,宾语从句要使用陈述句语序,即“主+谓+其他”,如果是特殊疑问句在宾语从句中应改为“特殊疑问词+主+谓+其他”的语序。
翻译:你知道他住在哪儿吗?
那个售货员知道这双鞋多少钱。
我以前并不知道是谁在我生病的时候帮助了我。
15. She wants to be a singer when she grows up.她长大后想成为一名歌手。
when引导的时间状语从句(if引导的条件状语从句)通常用一般现在时表示一般将来时,主句常用一般将来时,即“主将从现”。
“主将从现”的“将”可以是以下三种形式:1.一般将来时句子;2.情态动词句子;3.祈使句(第四单元语法)
如果明天不下雨,他将去钓鱼。
如果你花时间去练习踢足球,你能赢。
_____________________________________________________________________
如果你想要成为一名老师,请努力。
_____________________________________________________________________
16.When something worries me , I can always go to her. 当有事情困扰我的时候,我总能去找她倾诉。
worry用法。
(1)vt 及物动词:使....担心,使烦恼 常用短语:sth worry sb 某物使某人担心 如:
Don’t worry me with such a little thing.
(2)vi 不及物动词:为....而担忧,烦恼 ,可单独使用,也可接介词about,
worry about sb/sth 担心某人/某事
如: Don’t worry about me. I can look after myself.
其形容词为worried, be worried about = worry about.
( )---The school network will be closed in a few days .
--- That doesn’t _____ me at all. I’m not a net-worm (网虫)
A. worry B. worry about C. worried D. be worried about
17. May is a true friend. 梅是一个真正的朋友。
true adj. 确实的,的确 其副词形式为 truly,名词 truth,意为“真相,事实”
true与real 区别:true 着重表示某事物与实际情况相吻合;而real着重表示事物是客观存在的,并非想象捏造出来的。
(1)I think its a ______ pleasure (高兴)if the news is ______ .
我认为如果这个消息是真的,那真是一件令人高兴的事。
(2)I can’t believe I am ______(real) going to meet the pop star .
(3)Is it _______ that you will go abroad for further study?
18. Max looks smart in his small round glasses. 马克斯带着小圆眼镜看起来很精明。
某人穿着/戴着某物 看起来...... 表达句型有两种
sb looks + adj + in+ sth = sth looks +adj + on+sb (人穿在衣服里面,所有人作主语,后面介词用in sth;衣服穿在人身上,所以衣服作主语后面的介词有on sb)
( )The pair of jeans looks nice _____ Sandy because she looks very nice ______ red .
A. on ;on B. on ; in C. in ;in D. in ; on
19. Height and weight 身高和体重
height 名词,意为“高度”,其形容词为high。
问某物的高度常用句型:What’s the height of sth ? 或 How high is sth?
weight 名词,意为“重量”,其形容词为heavy,动词为weigh。
问某人的体重常用句型: What’s the weight of sb?/ What’s sb’s weight ?
或 How heavy is sb ? 或How much does sb weigh ?
(1) ---_____ is the height of Tom , Helen? --- He’s about 180cm.
A. What B. How heavy C. How tall D. How much
(2) The egg weighed about 50 grams . (对画线部分提问)___________________________?
20. What’s sb like? 与What does sb look like? 有什么区别
What does sb look like? 意为“某人长得什么样子?”用来询问某人的外貌特征
What’s sb like? 除了用来询问某人的外貌外,还可以问某人的性格和个性。
What does sb like? 某人喜欢什么? How does sb look? 某人看起来怎么样?
没有 How does sb look like ? 或 How does sb like?
( )---__________? --- He is friendly.
- How is he B. What does he look like C. What does he like D. What is he like
【课堂训练】
一、单项选择
( )1 . Eddie is eight years old , but we have only seven candles . We need candle_______ .
A . more one B . one more C . some more D . one much
( ) 2 . She is kind _______ us and never says a bad word ________ anyone.
A . to; on B . about; about C . to; with D.to; about
( ) 3 . My best friend often shares things ______ me and helps people _______ need.
A . with ; with B.in ; in C.with ; in D.in ; with
( ) 4 . Tom ______ long legs and they do not fit _______ the school desk.
A . have ; under B . has ; under C . has ; above D . has ; on
( ) 5 . Max walks so fast that he often _____ my books and pens ________ the floor when he walks past.
A . knocks ; onto B . knocks ; on C . knocks ; at D . knocks ; in
( ) 6 .---_______ she ready to help people any time ? ---Yes, she _______.
A.Is, does B.Does, does C.Does, is D.Is, is
( )7.----_______ honest boy you are! ----Thank you!
A.What an B.What C.How an D.What a
( )8.---Which word can’t describe(描述) appearance(外貌)? ---_________.
A.beautiful B.Helpful C.Pretty D.Good-looking
( )9.Millie is very _______, so we all want to make _______ with her.
A.friends, friendly B.friendly, friends C.friendly, friendly D.friends, friends
( )10.Don’t believe ________ he says. He’s just telling a lie.
- how B.when C.what D.where
二、用括号内所给词的正确形式填空
1.His wife is all right again. He has nothing ________ (worry) about.
2.She always ________ (chat) with her friends on the Internet when she was free.
3.Fire can be very dangerous if we _______ (not be) careful.
4.There _______ (be) two English talks this Sunday, aren’t there?
5.I wonder what Sam ________ (do) at the moment. Let me call him.
6.What Simon says always makes us ________ (laugh).
7.She sent me a _______ (politely) letter to thank for my invitatation.
8._______ (eat) too much is bad for your health.
9. He always does his homework _________ and seldom makes ________ mistakes.(care)
10.If he _______ (try) his best next term, he will learn better.
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