还剩52页未读，
继续阅读
高中英语Unit 2 SuccessLesson 3 Getting to the Top备课ppt课件
展开
这是一份高中英语Unit 2 SuccessLesson 3 Getting to the Top备课ppt课件，共60页。PPT课件主要包含了课前自主预习，¤重点单词，¤重点词块，¤重点句式，◇词汇拓讲，课堂新知讲练，易混辨析，◇句式解读，突 破 语 法，随堂知能小练等内容，欢迎下载使用。
1．____________n．条目2．____________adj.学术的3．____________vt.糟蹋；毁坏4．____________vt.不做(本来应做的事)；蹦跳着走5．____________adj.戒备的，自卫的6．____________n．基本部分；要素7．____________n．强度；强烈
entry academic ruin skip defensive element intensity
8．____________adj.无数的，数不尽的 9．____________vt.租用10．____________n．铁人三项运动员11．____________v．(使)沸腾，煮沸12．____________adj.巨大的，庞大的13．____________n．长度14．____________n．(英式)橄榄球
cuntless hire triathlete bil enrmus length rugby
15．____________adj.&adv.分开； 散开16．____________n．舞台；月台17．____________adj.受伤的18．____________adj.杰出的，优秀的19．____________adj.平庸的，普通的；平均的n．平均水平；平均数20．____________adj.正常的，平常的
apart platfrm injured utstanding average nrmal
1．放弃________________2．担心________________3．不再________________4．在危险中________________5．在……的基础上________________
give up be wrried abut n lnger in danger n a…basis
6．归结为；要点是________________7．待在家中，不外出________________8．独自地________________9．过着极端的生活______________________10．把……区别开来________________11．致力于________________12．争取，努力获得________________
bil dwn t sth. stay in n ne’s wn live ne’s life t extremes set…apart frm be cmmitted t strive fr
13．获得成功，取得进步________________14．关注________________15．愿意做某事________________16．专心致志于某事________________17．除……之外________________
get ahead fcus n be willing t d sth. apply neself t sth. apart frm
1．(P36)I __________________ angry r defensive. 我原本可以变得愤怒或急于辩解。【答案】culd have becme
2．(P36)…I ____________ in at lunch time just t get ahead n class wrk rather than g ut and play.我会在午餐时间待在家里，只是为了提前完成课堂作业，而不是出去玩。【答案】wuld stay
3．(P37)Call it unhealthy if yu want, but that is the way I rll, __________________ it is I’m applying myself t. 如果你愿意，可以称之为不健康，但我就是这么做的。无论做什么，我都要全力以赴。【答案】n matter what
一、判断正误( )1．The authr always ges ut t take hlidays with her families.( )2．Mst f the authr’s friends have a gd understanding f her.
( )3．The authr suffers frm great mental intensity every day.( )4．The authr is a girl with great determinatin.( )5．The authr thinks she can nly succeed by wrking hard.【答案】1－5 FFTTT
二、阅读理解( )1．Why des the authr begin this text with a questin?A．T shw her wn puzzle.B．T express her friend’s wrry.C．T explain why she wants t be an athlete.D．T intrduce her tpic in this text.
( )2．Hw des the authr think f her friend’s wrry?A．Reasnable. B．Aggressive.C．Incredible. D．Thughtful.( )3．The third paragraph mainly tells us ________.A．the authr’s cmplaint abut her friendsB．sme cmmn questins a prfessinal athlete faceC．the authr’s anger with the peple arund herD．the difficult situatins the authr is in
( )4．Why des the authr mentin her experiences in the swimming pl?A．T express her passin in sprts.B．T tell us her childhd experiences.C．T supprt her argument in the paragraph.D．T encurage us t take sprts.
( )5．The authr wrte this text fr the purpse f ________.A．explaining why she shuld strive fr greatnessB．telling us hw hard she is training every dayC．telling us her friends’ wrries abut herD．giving answers t her friends’ questins【答案】1－5 DABCA
1．entry n. 条目(P36)Is it frm an encyclpedia entry, an academic bk r pssibly a blg?【翻译】是来自百科全书、学术著作还是博客？
【语言提升】(1)entry n．条目；进入；加入； 参赛entry int a place进入某地entry int an rganizatin加入某个组织t be granted/refused entry int the cuntry准予/禁止入境
Brn during the Ming Dynasty, Tang sught and failed t gain entry int the civil service, s he turned t painting instead.唐生于明朝，他想当官，但失败了，于是他转而从事绘画。The children were surprised by the sudden entry f their teacher.老师突然进来使孩子们感到意外。
Hw did the thieves gain entry int the building? 窃贼是怎样进入大楼的？N Entry!禁止入内！Entry t the museum is free.这座博物馆免费参观。
There have been sme impressive entries in the wildlife phtgraphy sectin.野生动物摄影部分已有一些极好的参赛作品。 The clsing date fr entries is 31 March.参赛作品的截止日期是3月31日。
(2)enter vt.& vi. 进入；加入enter a schl/cllege/university考入学校/学院/大学Knck befre yu enter.先敲门，再进来。One thusand children entered the cmpetitin.1,000名孩子报名参加了比赛。(3)entrance n．入口处entrance t a place某地的入口处
【语境助记】At the entrance, Mr.Li was refused entry int the building, but he was allwed t enter with the hst’s permissin in the end.在入口处，李先生被拒绝进入大楼，但在主人的允许下，他被允许进入了。
【针对练习】单句语法填空(1)At last, Mr. Li gained an ________(enter) int the Park at the age f fifty.(2)Dressed in rags, the ld man was refused entry ________ the splendid htel.(3)At the ________(enter), everyne is suppsed t shw his ticket t check in.
(4)He fund his ticket lst at the entrance ________ the cinema.(5)Due t his shabby clthes, he was nt allwed t ________(entry) int the hall.【答案】(1)entry (2)int (3)entrance (4)t(5)enter
2．ruin vt.糟蹋；毁坏(P36) As ne f the Olympic athletes, I miss birthday parties, ruin family hlidays and skip nights ut, but there is gd reasn fr giving up s much. 【翻译】作为一名奥运运动员，我错过了生日聚会，破坏了家庭假期，也没有晚上出去玩，但我有充分的理由放弃这么多。
【语言提升】(1)ruin vt.毁坏，摧毁，严重损害 (它可用来表示毁坏具体的物品，也可用来表示毁坏抽象的东西，如健康、名誉等)；使破产
My wife was ruining her health thrugh wrry.忧虑严重损害了我妻子的健康。Rads and bridges have been destryed and crps have been ruined.道路和桥梁都被破坏了，农作物也全毁了。In ne way, he bade fair t ruin us.从某一点上来讲，他倒真的要弄得我们破产。
(2)ruin n．(U) 毁灭，崩溃，瓦解，没落；破产；灭亡的原因，祸根The vineyards were falling int ruin.这些葡萄园日渐没落。She wasn’t ging t let her plans g t ruin.她不会让她的计划破产的。
He prvided against financial ruin by wise investment.他投资有方以防破产。These changes spell ruin fr the cmpany.这些变化意味着该公司破产。It was thse peple wh cnspired my ruin.就是那些人共同谋划来毁掉我的。
(3)ruin n．(C)废墟，遗迹，断壁残垣； 残余部分，残存部分。这时，ruin常用复数形式One dead child was fund in the ruins almst tw hurs after the explsin.爆炸发生将近两个小时以后，在废墟中发现了一个已经死亡的小孩。
There’s nly the muntain in this directin, and higher up an ld ruin, an abandned castle.从这个方向望去只看得到这座山，以及更高处的一处废墟，一座废弃的城堡。He std very still, staring in at the ruins f his wrk.他站在那里一动也不动，呆呆地看着他残余的作品。
【针对练习】完成句子(1)Last mnth his business ____________. 上个月他的公司破产了。(2)The whle city was left ____________ after the earthquake.地震之后整个城市成为一片废墟。(3)Yesterday, his bad manners __________________.他的不礼貌使昨天的宴会不欢而散。
选择destry, damage, harm, ruin，并用其适当的形式填空(4)Irrespnsible use f a fire extinguisher can create a dangerus situatin fr ther residents and culd result in ________ t persnal prperty.(5)Playing t much cmputer games may ________ children’s health. (6)These rumrs will ________ the fame f the yung girl.
(7)Dn’t take t much f the medicine; it des yu mre ________ than gd if yu d.(8)When the war was near, Alia was wrried that the fires f war wuld ________ the bks, which are mre precius t her than muntains f gld.【答案】(1)fell int ruins (2)in ruins (3)ruined the party (4)damage (5)harm (6)ruin (7)harm (8)destry
3．hire vt.& n．租用(P36) …because I was t busy hiring a car in dwntwn Jhannesburg and driving thrugh the “n-g” areas in rder t d a grup ride with the lcal triathletes. 【翻译】……因为当时我正忙着在约翰内斯堡市区租一辆车，开车穿过那些“禁区”，以便和当地的三项全能运动员一起组团骑行。
【语言提升】(1)hire vt.租用；出租hire sth. ut把某物租出去hire neself ut (t sb.)把自己临时雇佣出去，接受(某人的)临时聘用hire sb.临时聘用某人
They were s pr that they had t hire themselves ut n the farms.他们如此穷以至于他们不得不到农场去打工。He teamed up with a cuple frm my htel (Peter and Terri) and hired a car.他同我旅馆里的一对夫妻(彼得和泰莉)做伴，一起租了一辆小汽车。She was hired three years ag. 她是三年前录用的。
(2)hire n．租用；出租n hire frm… 从……处租用fr hire可供出租There are many bks fr hire here.这里有许多书出租。
The price includes the hire f the hall.费用包括礼堂租金。 The cstumes are n hire frm the lcal theatre.戏装可向本地剧院租用。
【针对练习】完成句子(1)He ______________ whever needed his services. 无论谁需要他的服务都可以雇佣他。(2)We had t __________________ t prtect ur persnal rights.我们不得不聘请律师保护我们的个人权益。
(3)They have t ______________ ut t make ends meet.他们不得不出租一楼来补贴家用。(4)All these bikes are ____________ .这些单车都是用来出租的。(5)Cars are __________________ that cmpany. 可以向那家公司租用汽车。【答案】(1)hired himself ut t (2)hire a lawyer(3)hire the grund flr (4)fr hire (5)n hire frm
4．bil vi.&vt.(使)沸腾，煮沸(P36) It bils dwn t this: 【翻译】它可以归纳如下：【语言提升】bil a kettle/pan (把壶、锅等)里面的水烧开put sth.n t bil用沸水煮(或烫洗)；煮(或烫洗)
biled carrts/cabbage水煮胡萝卜/卷心菜bil sth.fr sb.给某人煮某物bil with anger怒火中烧；异常气愤bil sth.dwn (使)煮浓，熬浓；概括；归纳(不用于进行时态)
The water was bubbling and biling away. 水在咕嘟咕嘟地沸腾着。Bil plenty f water, then add the ndle.把足量的水烧开，再放入面条。I’ll bil the kettle and make sme tea.我来烧壶开水泡点茶。
She put sme ptates n t bil.她煮了些土豆。 She biled sme eggs fr her sn.她给儿子煮些鸡蛋。He was biling with rage. 他怒不可遏。
The riginal speech I had written gt biled dwn t abut ten minutes. 我写的演讲原稿被压缩到了大约十分钟。In the end, what it all bils dwn t is mney, r the lack f it.最后，一切都归结为钱，或者说是缺钱。
【针对练习】完成句子(1)The kettle ____________ ver the fire.壶里的水在火上沸腾。(2)She frgt t turn ff the gas and the pt ____________ .她忘了关煤气，锅就烧干了。(3)She nly __________________ fr her children.她只给孩子们煮了一些蔬菜。
(4)Hearing the news, Li Ming was __________________.听到这个消息，李明勃然大怒。(5)Her lecture this mrning ____________ the fllwing three pints.她今天上午的演讲归结为以下三点。【答案】(1)is biling (2)biled dry (3)biled sme vegetable (4)biling with rage (5)biled dwn t
5．apply neself t sth. 努力；专心致志于某事(P37) Call it unhealthy if yu want, but that is the way I rll, n matter what it is I’m applying myself t. 【翻译】如果你愿意，你可以称它为不健康，但这就是我的做事风格，不管我在做什么我都会全力以赴。
【语言提升】apply vt.应用；敷药，涂抹 vi.申请，适用；专心apply fr sth.申请(得到)某物apply t sb.fr sth.向某人申请某物be applied t适用于；应用于apply sth.t… 将某物涂抹于……be applied t … 应用于……
He applied fr the jb t the cmpany by letter.他写信向公司申请这份工作。She applied t the internatinal schl fr a jb as an English teacher.她向国际学校申请一份英语教师的工作。The results f this research can be applied t new develpments in technlgy.这项研究的结果可以应用于技术的新发展。
She applied sme cream t her arms befre she went ut. 她出去前在胳膊上涂了些药膏。The new discvery may be applied in medicine.这项新发现可应用于医学。Yu ught t apply yurself t yur wrk. 你应该专心于你的工作。
【词汇拓展】(1)applicatin n．应用；申请；应用程序；敷用The cmmittee came dwn in supprt f his applicatin.委员会决定并宣布支持他的申请。Students learned the practical applicatin f the thery they had learned in the classrm.学生们学会了课堂上学到的理论的实际应用。
(2)applicant n．申请人【语境助记】The applicant applied himself t applying fr a pst fr teaching applied chemistry，saying that he wuld apply what he learnt t his teaching.这位申请人专心于申请一份教应用化学的工作，并且说他会把他所学到的应用到他的教学中去。
【针对练习】单句语法填空(1)He slwed the bleeding by ________(apply) pressure t the wunds until the plice and an ambulance arrived.(2)S far, mre than ne hundred peple have applied ________ this psitin.(3)This new medicine can be applied t ________(treat) COVID-19．
(4)His grandfather has applied ________(he) t teaching all his life. (5)Twenty ________(apply) have asked fr this jb, s yu are lucky t have been admitted. (6)Yu ught t hand in yur ________(apply) by the end f this mnth if yu want this jb. 【答案】(1)applying (2)fr (3)treating (4)himself (5)applicants (6)applicatin
6．set… apart frm使与众不同，使突出，使分离(P37) If yu want t be an Olympic champin, it’s all abut that little extra thing yu have dne in yur preparatin that will set yu apart frm yur cmpetitrs. 【翻译】如果你想成为奥运冠军，就要在训练中多付出那额外的一点点，它将使你从竞争对手中脱颖而出。
【语言提升】(1)set A apart frm B 使A同B分开、分离(2)A is set apart frm B A与B被分隔/分隔开来(3)be set apart frm使与众不同，使突出(4)apart frm除了……以外(都)…… (相当于except/except fr)
They set the sick gat apart frm ther animals.他们把那只病羊同其他的动物分开了。The garage, large enugh fr tw cars, is set apart frm the huse. 可停放两辆车的车库是和住房分开的。The tall girl is set frm ther students in the crwd. 在人群中，这个高个子女孩非常显眼。
In particular, his paintings are set apart frm ther paintings by their realistic human faces and deep emtinal impact. 特别是他的作品以其逼真的人面和深刻的情感冲击力而区别于其他作品。This cmpsitin is gd apart frm sme spelling mistakes. 除了有些拼写错误外，这篇文章是不错的。
【针对练习】翻译句子(1)图书管理员叫他们把那些新书同旧书分开来存放。【答案】The librarian tld them t set the new bks apart frm the ld nes.
(2)他们的厨房和客厅是分开的。【答案】Their kitchen is set apart frm their sitting rm.(3)那位黄色头发的外国人在人群中非常显眼。【答案】The freigner with yellw hair is set apart frm thers in the crwds.
7．average adj.平庸的，普通的；平均的n．平均数；平均水平(P37) I’d prefer t have three r fur utstanding years f winning stuff than having ten years f being average. 【翻译】我宁愿有三年或四年的杰出的胜利，而不是十年的平庸。
【语言提升】(1)adj.平均的；普通的，一般的An increase in average temperature by nly a few degrees culd cause many prblems wrldwide.平均温度仅仅增加几度也会导致许多全球范围的问题。
Freddy was an average student, but nt an average persn.弗雷迪是一个普通的学生，但并不是一个平庸的人。The average yearly temperature in ur city is 26℃。我市的年平均温度是26度。
(2)n.平均数；平均水平，一般水准。常见搭配如下：an average f平均有n (the) average平均abve (the) average高于平均水平belw (the) average低于平均水平up t (the) average达到平均水平
Kelly scred an average f 147 n three separate IQ tests.凯利在3项不同的智商测试中平均得分147。On average we have seven classes a day.我们平均一天上7节课。His schl wrk is well abve average.他的学业成绩远远高于平均水平。
【针对练习】单句语法填空(1)Last year was the warmest year n recrd, with glbal temperature 0．68℃ ________ the average.(2)________ average, it will take a year f hard wrk t cmplete all the classes.(3)Mr. Smith’s salary is ________ average in his cmpany, which makes him upset.
(4)An average ________ just 18．75cm f rain fell last year, making it the driest year since Califrnia became a state in 1850．(5)Mammals weighing sixty kilgrams have ________ average brain size f 200cm2．【答案】(1)abve (2)On (3)belw (4)f (5)an
1．(P36) I culd have becme angry r defensive. 【翻译】我原本可以变得愤怒或急于辩解。【句式剖析】本句中的culd have becme意为“本来能够……，本来会……”，表示过去可能做，但又没有做打算做的事情。
【句式提升】下面是一些由“情态动词＋have＋过去分词”构成的句型，请注意把握它们的含义和用法：(1)“culd have＋过去分词”表示过去本来能够做但是没有做的事。He culd have passed the entrance examinatin last year.他去年本来可以考上大学的。
(2)“shuld have＋过去分词”表示过去应该做而没有做的事情。它含有责备的语气。其中，shuld可换用ught t(即ught t have＋过去分词)，意思不变。Yu shuld/ught t have been here five minutes ag.你原本五分钟之前就该到达这里。
(3)“must have＋过去分词”表示对过去一定做过某事，一种很有把握的推测，意为“一定”。注意，这个句型不可直接在must的后面加nt构成否定式。It must have rained last night, fr the grund is wet.昨天晚上一定下过雨，因为地上是湿的。
(4)“can’t/culdn’t have＋过去分词”也可用来表示对过去情况的推测，意为“不可能做过某事”。“must have＋过去分词”的否定式要用此句型表示其否定意义。It can’t have rained last night.昨天晚上不可能下了雨。
(5)“may/might have＋过去分词”表示一种对过去情况的一种不太有把握的推测，意为“或许/可能做过某事”。may的可能性又比might大些。He hasn’t turned up yet; he may/might have been ill.他还没有来。他可能病了。
(6)“needn’t have＋过去分词”表示过去没有必要做某事但实际上做了，意为“(过去)没有必要……”。I needn’t have tld him that.我没有必要将那件事告诉他的。
【针对练习】完成句子(1)We ________________(本应该学习) last night, but we went t the cncert instead. (2)I didn’t see her in the meeting rm this mrning. She ______________(不可能发言) at the meeting.(3)I didn’t hear the phne. I ________________(我一定睡着了) asleep.
(4)He ________________(或许可以多给予) yu mre help, even thugh he was very busy. (5)There was plenty f time. She ________________(没有必要那么匆忙)．【答案】(1)shuld have studied (2)can’t/ culdn’t have spken (3)must have been (4)might/may have given (5)needn’t have hurried
2．(P36)I wuld stay in at lunch time just t get ahead n class wrk rather than g ut and play…【翻译】我会在午餐时间待在家里，只是为了提前完成课堂作业，而不是出去玩……【句式剖析】本句中的wuld…rather than是一个固定的句式，意为“宁愿……而不愿意……”。
【句式提升】(1)rather than“而不是”，常用于连接两个并列结构。I think I’ll have a cld drink rather than cffee.我想我该要一杯冷饮，而不要咖啡。He was busy writing a letter rather than reading the newspaper.他那时是在写信而不是看报纸。
(2)rather than 连接两个主语时，谓语动词的单复数要采取“就远一致”原则，即谓语动词的单复数要和rather than前的主语保持一致。He, rather than yu, is ging t be sent t Beijing n business.将要被派往北京出差的是他，而不是你。…but smetimes rutines can cntrl us, rather than us cntrlling the rutines. ……但有时常规可以控制我们，而不是我们控制常规。
(3)常用搭配：prefer t d… rather than d…＝wuld d… rather than d… 宁愿做……而不愿做……wuld d A rather than d B＝wuld rather d A than d B 宁愿做A，而不愿意做B
I prefer t stay at hme rather than g n a trip n such ht weather.天气这么热，我宁愿待在家里也不愿去旅行。I wuld walk in the park rather than stay hme.我宁愿到公园走一走，也不愿意待在家里。(r) rather 更确切地说He wrked till late last night, r rather, early this mrning.他昨晚一直工作到深夜，更确切地说，是到今天凌晨。
【针对练习】单句语法填空(1)What we expect frm yu is wrking hard ___________ (而不是) hardly wrking.
完成句子他宁愿为国捐躯也不愿屈服。(2)He __________ fr his cuntry ________________ in.(3)He _____________fr his cuntry ____________ in. (4)He __________ fr his cuntry ______________ in.(5)My yunger sister, rather than I ________(like) classic music
【答案】(1)rather than (2)wuld die; rather than give (3)wuld rather die; than give (4)prefer t die; rather than give (5)likes
3．(P37) Call it unhealthy if yu want, but that is the way I rll, n matter what it is I’m applying myself t. 【翻译】如果你愿意，可以称之为不健康，但这就是我的做事风格，无论做什么，我都要全力以赴。【句式剖析】n matter意为“无论……”，在本句中引导一个让步状语从句。
【句式提升】(1)“n matter＋疑问词” 引导让步状语从句，可放在主句前或主句后。Everyne will be given a telephne number at birth that will never change n matter where they live.每个人一出生就会被给予一个电话号码，将来无论他们居住在哪儿，这个电话号码都不会更改。
(2)“疑问词-ever”可以引导状语从句也可以引导名词性从句；“n matter＋疑问词”只能引导状语从句。I’ll pst that letter whatever Wilsn says.＝I’ll pst that letter n matter what Wilsn says.不管威尔逊讲什么，我都要寄出那封信。
【针对练习】完成句子(1)________________________， I’ll pay fr it.无论你想买什么，我都愿意付款。(2)Call me when yu get there, _______________________.无论什么时间，你到了那儿就给我打电话。(3)Everyne will be given a gift ________________. 每个人都会给一份礼物，无论他们居住在哪儿。
【答案】(1)N matter what yu want t buy(2)n matter what the time is(3)n matter where they live
□冠词冠词对于中国学生来说是一个难点。这一项目在高考试题中仍然非常重要。在每年的高考试题的语法填空题中，冠词同样是一个重要考点。具体来说，对于冠词应注意把握如下要点：
一、不定冠词的用法不定冠词通常表示泛指，但应特别注意掌握不定冠词的下列用法：1．泛指人或事物的类别，相当于any。如：A hrse is a useful animal.(马是有用的动物。)
2．不定冠词an要用在以元音音素开头的单词前；a则要用在以辅音音素开头的单词前。这里所指的元音音素和辅音音素，是指单词的读音，而不是指元音或辅音字母。如：an hnest man，a university student.。
3．放在一些表示心理活动或情感的名词前。如：hnur，jy，pity，pleasure，surprise等，一般情况下用作不可数名词，其前不加任何冠词，但如果其转化成具体的意义，表示“一个/一次/一种/一件……”等意义时，其前就要用不定冠词。这时，在这类名词的前面通常有形容词修饰。如：We felt it a pleasure t wrk with them and we finished ur wrk with pleasure.(我们觉得同他们一起工作是一件令人快乐的事情。我们愉快地完成了我们的工作。)
4．表示抽象意义的名词前。如danger，difficulty，disappintment，failure，help，success，wnder，pleasure等，这些名词可以转化成具体的人或事，前面用不定冠词修饰或者它们本身用复数形式。如：
We had much difficulty in finding his hme.(我们找他的家时碰到了许多的困难。)The red army men met all kinds f difficulties in the Lng March.(红军战士在长征途中碰到了许多困难的事情。)He is a success/failure in business.(在生意场上，他是一个成功者/失败者。)
5．放在物质名词前。如cffee，tea，fd，fg，rain，snw等，前面加不定冠词时，表示“一种；一场”。这时，其前通常有形容词修饰。如：a black tea(一种红茶)，a heavy snw/rain(一场大雪/雨)。6．放在具有动作意义的抽象名词在与动词have，take，make，give，let ut等构成的短语中，表示一次性短暂的动作。这时，通常要在这个短语的名词前加不定冠词。如：have a lk/rest/swim/try/test/bath/break; take a walk/lk/bath/rest。
7．不定冠词还可用于专有名词前。这时的专有名词通常转化成了一个普通名词，而且这个普通名词前还有形容词修饰。如：A Mr. Smith came t see yu this mrning.(今天早上一个名叫Smith的先生来看你了。)He is a living Lei Feng.(他是一个活雷锋。)
8．形容词比较级用作定语修饰一个单数可数名词时，其前也常用不定冠词修饰，表示“一个更……的”。如：Yu can’t find a better restaurant in this twn.(在这个镇上，你再也找不出一家比这更好的餐馆了。)9．mst前用不定冠词修饰时，mst相当于very。如：a mst hardwrking student(一个非常勤奋的学生)
10．表示三餐的词语前通常不用任何冠词修饰，但如果这类名词的前面有形容词修饰的时候，其前通常用不定冠词修饰。如：We usually have supper at half past six. Yesterday we had a big supper.(我们通常在六点半吃晚饭。昨天我们吃了一顿丰盛的晚餐。)
11．在序数词的前面，通常用定冠词修饰，但用不定冠词时，则通常表示“又、再、还”。如：He cast his net a secnd time but drew in nthing.(他又一次把网撒出去，可什么也没有捞到。)12．有些名词如ppulatin，area，height，weight，depth，width，length，speed等表示一个具体的量(即与具体的数量连用)时，其前通常要用不定冠词修饰。如：
This city has a ppulatin f three millin.(这个城市有三百万人口。)The car is running at a speed f 180 kilmeters per hur.(这辆汽车正以每小时180公里的速度行驶。)This schl cvers an area f tw square kilmeters.(这所学校占地2平方公里。)
二、注意掌握定冠词的下列用法：1．表示类别的单数名词前要加定冠词the。如：The hrse is a useful animal.2．表示乐器的名词前要加定冠词the。如：He likes t play the pian.3．由普通名词构成的专用名词前要加定冠词the。如the United States，the Peple’s Republic f China。注意，如果不是复合的专用名词，其前则不能加定冠词。如：America，China。
4．姓氏的复数形式前要加定冠词the，表示某某一家人或某某夫妇。如：the Curies(居里夫妇)，the Smiths(史密斯一家)。5．比较级前加定冠词常用于表示“两者中较……的那个”。如：The taller f the tw girls is my sister. (那两个女孩子中较高的那个是我的妹妹。)6．在重复前面提到过的人或物时，要用定冠词修饰。如：I saw a film yesterday, but the film was nt s interesting.(昨天我看了一部电影。这部电影没有什么趣味。)
7．由普通名词构成的、表示国家、党派、江、河、湖、海、山川、群岛等的专有名词前面要用定冠词修饰。如：the Peple’s Republic f China(中华人民共和国)，the Chinese Cmmunist Party(中国共产党), the Changjiang River(长江), the West Lake(西湖), the Taihang Muntain(太行山)。
8．在表示方位的名词前及某些表示时间的短语前。如：n the left/right(在左边/右边)，in the suth/nrth(在南方/北方)，in the mrning/afternn/evening(在早上/下午/晚上)。9．用在形容词前表示一类人或物。如：the ld/pr/rich/sick(老人/穷人/富人/病人)。10．用在整十的复数数词前表示年代。如：in the 1990’s(在二十世纪90年代)。
□追踪练习一、单句语法填空1．We are all lking fr happiness. Can we all find ________ happiness we are lking fr?2．The film star has gt tired f being ________ persn wh is kept busy all day lng.
3．D yu knw ________ taller f the tw students under the tree?4．Have yu seen ________ red bk? I put it here just nw.5．As yu knw, water is precius, but ________ water here is nt fit t drink.6．Hw d yu like ________ film we saw last night?
7．Thugh yu failed this time, yu can try ________ secnd time next mnth.8．________ Yellw River is cnsidered t be the mther river f ur natin.9．Mike is ________ third tallest by in ur class.10．It is hard fr a man withut knwledge t make ________ living in this wrld.
11．I enjy listening t music, but ________ music he is playing is t nisy.12．It’s really ________ great pleasure fr me t wrk with yu during this year.13．________ Internatinal Olympics Cmmittee will cme t China next week.14．I think this is ________ nly way t reduce air pllutin in ur twn.
15．This mrning ________ Mr. Smith came t see yu while yu were ut.【答案】1．the 2．a 3．the 4．a 5．the 6．the 7．a 8．The 9．the 10．a 11．the 12．a 13．The 14．the 15．a
二、完成句子1．D yu knw ________________(那位年轻的女士) wh is speaking at the meeting?2．I’m ging t the bkstre t buy ________________(一本英汉词典) fr my brther.3．We all feel it ________________(一个巨大的荣誉) t d smething fr the Beijing Olympic Games.
4．Mr.Brwn enjys playing basketball while Mrs. Brwn enjys ________________(弹钢琴)．5．We usually have a simple supper, but yesterday we had ________________(一顿丰盛的晚餐)．6．Thugh he failed in the first try, she wuld like t have ________________(再试一次)．
7．It is easy fr yu t be caught in ________________(一场大雨) as the weather is changeable here.8．The huse whse gate faces suth belng t ________________(史密斯家)．9．When she saw this, the little girl let ut ______________ (一声大叫) f surprise.
【答案】1．the yung lady 2．an English-Chinese dictinary 3．a great hnur 4．playing the pian 5．a rich supper 6．a secnd try 7．a heavy rain 8．the Smiths 9．a lud cry
一、单词拼写1．The super star made her ________(入场) t the sund f thunderus applause.2．This term Lily has made great ________(学业的) achievements. 3．There are sme ________(要素) which sund reasnable in her speech.
4．Water ________(沸腾) at 100 degree centigrade, which is an bvius fact.5．Mre hands will be ________(雇佣) in ur factry t increase ur prductin.6．Lk! There are ________(数不尽的) birds flying in the sky.7．The ship kncked int the ________(巨大的) iceberg and sank int the bttm.
8．This bridge measures 2．5 kilmeters in ________(长度)．9．The girl std n the ________(站台), waving t her friend.10．Thusands f ________(杰出的) scientists have made great cntributins t ur cuntry.【答案】1．entry 2．academic 3．elements 4．bils 5．hired 6．cuntless 7．enrmus 8．length 9．platfrm 10．utstanding
二、单句语法填空1．The ________(injure) wrkers have t stay in hspital fr anther ten days.2．The dg seems t be quite ________(defend) when she sees strangers cming up.3．Lily culd ________(pass) the entrance examinatin last year, but she fell ill thse days.
4．She is a yung lady with great drive and ________ (determine). 5．Mther is busy ________(prepare) supper, s I’ll g and give a hand.6．Grandfather usually sits n the sfa after supper, ________(read) sme newspapers.7．The ld man is trying t live his life ________ extremes.
8．Yu ught t apply what yu have learned in class ______ practice.9．Li Ming prefers ging fr a walk after supper t ________(play) cmputer games.10．N matter ________ yu g, yu shuld spare n effrt t d yu wrk well.
【答案】1．injured 2．defensive 3．have passed4．determinatin 5．preparing 6．reading 7．t 8．t9．playing 10．where
三、完成句子1．She __________________ her wrk in such a shrt time.她不可能在这么短的时间内完成她的工作。【答案】can’t/culdn’t have finished2．We must d ral practice ______________________ if we want t learn English well.要学好英语，我们必须每天进行口语练习。【答案】n a daily basis
3．This letter __________________ three pints.这封信可归纳为三点。【答案】bils dwn t4．I wuld stay hme __________________ t the cinema tnight.今晚我宁愿待在家里也不愿去看电影。【答案】rather than g
1．____________n．条目2．____________adj.学术的3．____________vt.糟蹋；毁坏4．____________vt.不做(本来应做的事)；蹦跳着走5．____________adj.戒备的，自卫的6．____________n．基本部分；要素7．____________n．强度；强烈
entry academic ruin skip defensive element intensity
8．____________adj.无数的，数不尽的 9．____________vt.租用10．____________n．铁人三项运动员11．____________v．(使)沸腾，煮沸12．____________adj.巨大的，庞大的13．____________n．长度14．____________n．(英式)橄榄球
cuntless hire triathlete bil enrmus length rugby
15．____________adj.&adv.分开； 散开16．____________n．舞台；月台17．____________adj.受伤的18．____________adj.杰出的，优秀的19．____________adj.平庸的，普通的；平均的n．平均水平；平均数20．____________adj.正常的，平常的
apart platfrm injured utstanding average nrmal
1．放弃________________2．担心________________3．不再________________4．在危险中________________5．在……的基础上________________
give up be wrried abut n lnger in danger n a…basis
6．归结为；要点是________________7．待在家中，不外出________________8．独自地________________9．过着极端的生活______________________10．把……区别开来________________11．致力于________________12．争取，努力获得________________
bil dwn t sth. stay in n ne’s wn live ne’s life t extremes set…apart frm be cmmitted t strive fr
13．获得成功，取得进步________________14．关注________________15．愿意做某事________________16．专心致志于某事________________17．除……之外________________
get ahead fcus n be willing t d sth. apply neself t sth. apart frm
1．(P36)I __________________ angry r defensive. 我原本可以变得愤怒或急于辩解。【答案】culd have becme
2．(P36)…I ____________ in at lunch time just t get ahead n class wrk rather than g ut and play.我会在午餐时间待在家里，只是为了提前完成课堂作业，而不是出去玩。【答案】wuld stay
3．(P37)Call it unhealthy if yu want, but that is the way I rll, __________________ it is I’m applying myself t. 如果你愿意，可以称之为不健康，但我就是这么做的。无论做什么，我都要全力以赴。【答案】n matter what
一、判断正误( )1．The authr always ges ut t take hlidays with her families.( )2．Mst f the authr’s friends have a gd understanding f her.
( )3．The authr suffers frm great mental intensity every day.( )4．The authr is a girl with great determinatin.( )5．The authr thinks she can nly succeed by wrking hard.【答案】1－5 FFTTT
二、阅读理解( )1．Why des the authr begin this text with a questin?A．T shw her wn puzzle.B．T express her friend’s wrry.C．T explain why she wants t be an athlete.D．T intrduce her tpic in this text.
( )2．Hw des the authr think f her friend’s wrry?A．Reasnable. B．Aggressive.C．Incredible. D．Thughtful.( )3．The third paragraph mainly tells us ________.A．the authr’s cmplaint abut her friendsB．sme cmmn questins a prfessinal athlete faceC．the authr’s anger with the peple arund herD．the difficult situatins the authr is in
( )4．Why des the authr mentin her experiences in the swimming pl?A．T express her passin in sprts.B．T tell us her childhd experiences.C．T supprt her argument in the paragraph.D．T encurage us t take sprts.
( )5．The authr wrte this text fr the purpse f ________.A．explaining why she shuld strive fr greatnessB．telling us hw hard she is training every dayC．telling us her friends’ wrries abut herD．giving answers t her friends’ questins【答案】1－5 DABCA
1．entry n. 条目(P36)Is it frm an encyclpedia entry, an academic bk r pssibly a blg?【翻译】是来自百科全书、学术著作还是博客？
【语言提升】(1)entry n．条目；进入；加入； 参赛entry int a place进入某地entry int an rganizatin加入某个组织t be granted/refused entry int the cuntry准予/禁止入境
Brn during the Ming Dynasty, Tang sught and failed t gain entry int the civil service, s he turned t painting instead.唐生于明朝，他想当官，但失败了，于是他转而从事绘画。The children were surprised by the sudden entry f their teacher.老师突然进来使孩子们感到意外。
Hw did the thieves gain entry int the building? 窃贼是怎样进入大楼的？N Entry!禁止入内！Entry t the museum is free.这座博物馆免费参观。
There have been sme impressive entries in the wildlife phtgraphy sectin.野生动物摄影部分已有一些极好的参赛作品。 The clsing date fr entries is 31 March.参赛作品的截止日期是3月31日。
(2)enter vt.& vi. 进入；加入enter a schl/cllege/university考入学校/学院/大学Knck befre yu enter.先敲门，再进来。One thusand children entered the cmpetitin.1,000名孩子报名参加了比赛。(3)entrance n．入口处entrance t a place某地的入口处
【语境助记】At the entrance, Mr.Li was refused entry int the building, but he was allwed t enter with the hst’s permissin in the end.在入口处，李先生被拒绝进入大楼，但在主人的允许下，他被允许进入了。
【针对练习】单句语法填空(1)At last, Mr. Li gained an ________(enter) int the Park at the age f fifty.(2)Dressed in rags, the ld man was refused entry ________ the splendid htel.(3)At the ________(enter), everyne is suppsed t shw his ticket t check in.
(4)He fund his ticket lst at the entrance ________ the cinema.(5)Due t his shabby clthes, he was nt allwed t ________(entry) int the hall.【答案】(1)entry (2)int (3)entrance (4)t(5)enter
2．ruin vt.糟蹋；毁坏(P36) As ne f the Olympic athletes, I miss birthday parties, ruin family hlidays and skip nights ut, but there is gd reasn fr giving up s much. 【翻译】作为一名奥运运动员，我错过了生日聚会，破坏了家庭假期，也没有晚上出去玩，但我有充分的理由放弃这么多。
【语言提升】(1)ruin vt.毁坏，摧毁，严重损害 (它可用来表示毁坏具体的物品，也可用来表示毁坏抽象的东西，如健康、名誉等)；使破产
My wife was ruining her health thrugh wrry.忧虑严重损害了我妻子的健康。Rads and bridges have been destryed and crps have been ruined.道路和桥梁都被破坏了，农作物也全毁了。In ne way, he bade fair t ruin us.从某一点上来讲，他倒真的要弄得我们破产。
(2)ruin n．(U) 毁灭，崩溃，瓦解，没落；破产；灭亡的原因，祸根The vineyards were falling int ruin.这些葡萄园日渐没落。She wasn’t ging t let her plans g t ruin.她不会让她的计划破产的。
He prvided against financial ruin by wise investment.他投资有方以防破产。These changes spell ruin fr the cmpany.这些变化意味着该公司破产。It was thse peple wh cnspired my ruin.就是那些人共同谋划来毁掉我的。
(3)ruin n．(C)废墟，遗迹，断壁残垣； 残余部分，残存部分。这时，ruin常用复数形式One dead child was fund in the ruins almst tw hurs after the explsin.爆炸发生将近两个小时以后，在废墟中发现了一个已经死亡的小孩。
There’s nly the muntain in this directin, and higher up an ld ruin, an abandned castle.从这个方向望去只看得到这座山，以及更高处的一处废墟，一座废弃的城堡。He std very still, staring in at the ruins f his wrk.他站在那里一动也不动，呆呆地看着他残余的作品。
【针对练习】完成句子(1)Last mnth his business ____________. 上个月他的公司破产了。(2)The whle city was left ____________ after the earthquake.地震之后整个城市成为一片废墟。(3)Yesterday, his bad manners __________________.他的不礼貌使昨天的宴会不欢而散。
选择destry, damage, harm, ruin，并用其适当的形式填空(4)Irrespnsible use f a fire extinguisher can create a dangerus situatin fr ther residents and culd result in ________ t persnal prperty.(5)Playing t much cmputer games may ________ children’s health. (6)These rumrs will ________ the fame f the yung girl.
(7)Dn’t take t much f the medicine; it des yu mre ________ than gd if yu d.(8)When the war was near, Alia was wrried that the fires f war wuld ________ the bks, which are mre precius t her than muntains f gld.【答案】(1)fell int ruins (2)in ruins (3)ruined the party (4)damage (5)harm (6)ruin (7)harm (8)destry
3．hire vt.& n．租用(P36) …because I was t busy hiring a car in dwntwn Jhannesburg and driving thrugh the “n-g” areas in rder t d a grup ride with the lcal triathletes. 【翻译】……因为当时我正忙着在约翰内斯堡市区租一辆车，开车穿过那些“禁区”，以便和当地的三项全能运动员一起组团骑行。
【语言提升】(1)hire vt.租用；出租hire sth. ut把某物租出去hire neself ut (t sb.)把自己临时雇佣出去，接受(某人的)临时聘用hire sb.临时聘用某人
They were s pr that they had t hire themselves ut n the farms.他们如此穷以至于他们不得不到农场去打工。He teamed up with a cuple frm my htel (Peter and Terri) and hired a car.他同我旅馆里的一对夫妻(彼得和泰莉)做伴，一起租了一辆小汽车。She was hired three years ag. 她是三年前录用的。
(2)hire n．租用；出租n hire frm… 从……处租用fr hire可供出租There are many bks fr hire here.这里有许多书出租。
The price includes the hire f the hall.费用包括礼堂租金。 The cstumes are n hire frm the lcal theatre.戏装可向本地剧院租用。
【针对练习】完成句子(1)He ______________ whever needed his services. 无论谁需要他的服务都可以雇佣他。(2)We had t __________________ t prtect ur persnal rights.我们不得不聘请律师保护我们的个人权益。
(3)They have t ______________ ut t make ends meet.他们不得不出租一楼来补贴家用。(4)All these bikes are ____________ .这些单车都是用来出租的。(5)Cars are __________________ that cmpany. 可以向那家公司租用汽车。【答案】(1)hired himself ut t (2)hire a lawyer(3)hire the grund flr (4)fr hire (5)n hire frm
4．bil vi.&vt.(使)沸腾，煮沸(P36) It bils dwn t this: 【翻译】它可以归纳如下：【语言提升】bil a kettle/pan (把壶、锅等)里面的水烧开put sth.n t bil用沸水煮(或烫洗)；煮(或烫洗)
biled carrts/cabbage水煮胡萝卜/卷心菜bil sth.fr sb.给某人煮某物bil with anger怒火中烧；异常气愤bil sth.dwn (使)煮浓，熬浓；概括；归纳(不用于进行时态)
The water was bubbling and biling away. 水在咕嘟咕嘟地沸腾着。Bil plenty f water, then add the ndle.把足量的水烧开，再放入面条。I’ll bil the kettle and make sme tea.我来烧壶开水泡点茶。
She put sme ptates n t bil.她煮了些土豆。 She biled sme eggs fr her sn.她给儿子煮些鸡蛋。He was biling with rage. 他怒不可遏。
The riginal speech I had written gt biled dwn t abut ten minutes. 我写的演讲原稿被压缩到了大约十分钟。In the end, what it all bils dwn t is mney, r the lack f it.最后，一切都归结为钱，或者说是缺钱。
【针对练习】完成句子(1)The kettle ____________ ver the fire.壶里的水在火上沸腾。(2)She frgt t turn ff the gas and the pt ____________ .她忘了关煤气，锅就烧干了。(3)She nly __________________ fr her children.她只给孩子们煮了一些蔬菜。
(4)Hearing the news, Li Ming was __________________.听到这个消息，李明勃然大怒。(5)Her lecture this mrning ____________ the fllwing three pints.她今天上午的演讲归结为以下三点。【答案】(1)is biling (2)biled dry (3)biled sme vegetable (4)biling with rage (5)biled dwn t
5．apply neself t sth. 努力；专心致志于某事(P37) Call it unhealthy if yu want, but that is the way I rll, n matter what it is I’m applying myself t. 【翻译】如果你愿意，你可以称它为不健康，但这就是我的做事风格，不管我在做什么我都会全力以赴。
【语言提升】apply vt.应用；敷药，涂抹 vi.申请，适用；专心apply fr sth.申请(得到)某物apply t sb.fr sth.向某人申请某物be applied t适用于；应用于apply sth.t… 将某物涂抹于……be applied t … 应用于……
He applied fr the jb t the cmpany by letter.他写信向公司申请这份工作。She applied t the internatinal schl fr a jb as an English teacher.她向国际学校申请一份英语教师的工作。The results f this research can be applied t new develpments in technlgy.这项研究的结果可以应用于技术的新发展。
She applied sme cream t her arms befre she went ut. 她出去前在胳膊上涂了些药膏。The new discvery may be applied in medicine.这项新发现可应用于医学。Yu ught t apply yurself t yur wrk. 你应该专心于你的工作。
【词汇拓展】(1)applicatin n．应用；申请；应用程序；敷用The cmmittee came dwn in supprt f his applicatin.委员会决定并宣布支持他的申请。Students learned the practical applicatin f the thery they had learned in the classrm.学生们学会了课堂上学到的理论的实际应用。
(2)applicant n．申请人【语境助记】The applicant applied himself t applying fr a pst fr teaching applied chemistry，saying that he wuld apply what he learnt t his teaching.这位申请人专心于申请一份教应用化学的工作，并且说他会把他所学到的应用到他的教学中去。
【针对练习】单句语法填空(1)He slwed the bleeding by ________(apply) pressure t the wunds until the plice and an ambulance arrived.(2)S far, mre than ne hundred peple have applied ________ this psitin.(3)This new medicine can be applied t ________(treat) COVID-19．
(4)His grandfather has applied ________(he) t teaching all his life. (5)Twenty ________(apply) have asked fr this jb, s yu are lucky t have been admitted. (6)Yu ught t hand in yur ________(apply) by the end f this mnth if yu want this jb. 【答案】(1)applying (2)fr (3)treating (4)himself (5)applicants (6)applicatin
6．set… apart frm使与众不同，使突出，使分离(P37) If yu want t be an Olympic champin, it’s all abut that little extra thing yu have dne in yur preparatin that will set yu apart frm yur cmpetitrs. 【翻译】如果你想成为奥运冠军，就要在训练中多付出那额外的一点点，它将使你从竞争对手中脱颖而出。
【语言提升】(1)set A apart frm B 使A同B分开、分离(2)A is set apart frm B A与B被分隔/分隔开来(3)be set apart frm使与众不同，使突出(4)apart frm除了……以外(都)…… (相当于except/except fr)
They set the sick gat apart frm ther animals.他们把那只病羊同其他的动物分开了。The garage, large enugh fr tw cars, is set apart frm the huse. 可停放两辆车的车库是和住房分开的。The tall girl is set frm ther students in the crwd. 在人群中，这个高个子女孩非常显眼。
In particular, his paintings are set apart frm ther paintings by their realistic human faces and deep emtinal impact. 特别是他的作品以其逼真的人面和深刻的情感冲击力而区别于其他作品。This cmpsitin is gd apart frm sme spelling mistakes. 除了有些拼写错误外，这篇文章是不错的。
【针对练习】翻译句子(1)图书管理员叫他们把那些新书同旧书分开来存放。【答案】The librarian tld them t set the new bks apart frm the ld nes.
(2)他们的厨房和客厅是分开的。【答案】Their kitchen is set apart frm their sitting rm.(3)那位黄色头发的外国人在人群中非常显眼。【答案】The freigner with yellw hair is set apart frm thers in the crwds.
7．average adj.平庸的，普通的；平均的n．平均数；平均水平(P37) I’d prefer t have three r fur utstanding years f winning stuff than having ten years f being average. 【翻译】我宁愿有三年或四年的杰出的胜利，而不是十年的平庸。
【语言提升】(1)adj.平均的；普通的，一般的An increase in average temperature by nly a few degrees culd cause many prblems wrldwide.平均温度仅仅增加几度也会导致许多全球范围的问题。
Freddy was an average student, but nt an average persn.弗雷迪是一个普通的学生，但并不是一个平庸的人。The average yearly temperature in ur city is 26℃。我市的年平均温度是26度。
(2)n.平均数；平均水平，一般水准。常见搭配如下：an average f平均有n (the) average平均abve (the) average高于平均水平belw (the) average低于平均水平up t (the) average达到平均水平
Kelly scred an average f 147 n three separate IQ tests.凯利在3项不同的智商测试中平均得分147。On average we have seven classes a day.我们平均一天上7节课。His schl wrk is well abve average.他的学业成绩远远高于平均水平。
【针对练习】单句语法填空(1)Last year was the warmest year n recrd, with glbal temperature 0．68℃ ________ the average.(2)________ average, it will take a year f hard wrk t cmplete all the classes.(3)Mr. Smith’s salary is ________ average in his cmpany, which makes him upset.
(4)An average ________ just 18．75cm f rain fell last year, making it the driest year since Califrnia became a state in 1850．(5)Mammals weighing sixty kilgrams have ________ average brain size f 200cm2．【答案】(1)abve (2)On (3)belw (4)f (5)an
1．(P36) I culd have becme angry r defensive. 【翻译】我原本可以变得愤怒或急于辩解。【句式剖析】本句中的culd have becme意为“本来能够……，本来会……”，表示过去可能做，但又没有做打算做的事情。
【句式提升】下面是一些由“情态动词＋have＋过去分词”构成的句型，请注意把握它们的含义和用法：(1)“culd have＋过去分词”表示过去本来能够做但是没有做的事。He culd have passed the entrance examinatin last year.他去年本来可以考上大学的。
(2)“shuld have＋过去分词”表示过去应该做而没有做的事情。它含有责备的语气。其中，shuld可换用ught t(即ught t have＋过去分词)，意思不变。Yu shuld/ught t have been here five minutes ag.你原本五分钟之前就该到达这里。
(3)“must have＋过去分词”表示对过去一定做过某事，一种很有把握的推测，意为“一定”。注意，这个句型不可直接在must的后面加nt构成否定式。It must have rained last night, fr the grund is wet.昨天晚上一定下过雨，因为地上是湿的。
(4)“can’t/culdn’t have＋过去分词”也可用来表示对过去情况的推测，意为“不可能做过某事”。“must have＋过去分词”的否定式要用此句型表示其否定意义。It can’t have rained last night.昨天晚上不可能下了雨。
(5)“may/might have＋过去分词”表示一种对过去情况的一种不太有把握的推测，意为“或许/可能做过某事”。may的可能性又比might大些。He hasn’t turned up yet; he may/might have been ill.他还没有来。他可能病了。
(6)“needn’t have＋过去分词”表示过去没有必要做某事但实际上做了，意为“(过去)没有必要……”。I needn’t have tld him that.我没有必要将那件事告诉他的。
【针对练习】完成句子(1)We ________________(本应该学习) last night, but we went t the cncert instead. (2)I didn’t see her in the meeting rm this mrning. She ______________(不可能发言) at the meeting.(3)I didn’t hear the phne. I ________________(我一定睡着了) asleep.
(4)He ________________(或许可以多给予) yu mre help, even thugh he was very busy. (5)There was plenty f time. She ________________(没有必要那么匆忙)．【答案】(1)shuld have studied (2)can’t/ culdn’t have spken (3)must have been (4)might/may have given (5)needn’t have hurried
2．(P36)I wuld stay in at lunch time just t get ahead n class wrk rather than g ut and play…【翻译】我会在午餐时间待在家里，只是为了提前完成课堂作业，而不是出去玩……【句式剖析】本句中的wuld…rather than是一个固定的句式，意为“宁愿……而不愿意……”。
【句式提升】(1)rather than“而不是”，常用于连接两个并列结构。I think I’ll have a cld drink rather than cffee.我想我该要一杯冷饮，而不要咖啡。He was busy writing a letter rather than reading the newspaper.他那时是在写信而不是看报纸。
(2)rather than 连接两个主语时，谓语动词的单复数要采取“就远一致”原则，即谓语动词的单复数要和rather than前的主语保持一致。He, rather than yu, is ging t be sent t Beijing n business.将要被派往北京出差的是他，而不是你。…but smetimes rutines can cntrl us, rather than us cntrlling the rutines. ……但有时常规可以控制我们，而不是我们控制常规。
(3)常用搭配：prefer t d… rather than d…＝wuld d… rather than d… 宁愿做……而不愿做……wuld d A rather than d B＝wuld rather d A than d B 宁愿做A，而不愿意做B
I prefer t stay at hme rather than g n a trip n such ht weather.天气这么热，我宁愿待在家里也不愿去旅行。I wuld walk in the park rather than stay hme.我宁愿到公园走一走，也不愿意待在家里。(r) rather 更确切地说He wrked till late last night, r rather, early this mrning.他昨晚一直工作到深夜，更确切地说，是到今天凌晨。
【针对练习】单句语法填空(1)What we expect frm yu is wrking hard ___________ (而不是) hardly wrking.
完成句子他宁愿为国捐躯也不愿屈服。(2)He __________ fr his cuntry ________________ in.(3)He _____________fr his cuntry ____________ in. (4)He __________ fr his cuntry ______________ in.(5)My yunger sister, rather than I ________(like) classic music
【答案】(1)rather than (2)wuld die; rather than give (3)wuld rather die; than give (4)prefer t die; rather than give (5)likes
3．(P37) Call it unhealthy if yu want, but that is the way I rll, n matter what it is I’m applying myself t. 【翻译】如果你愿意，可以称之为不健康，但这就是我的做事风格，无论做什么，我都要全力以赴。【句式剖析】n matter意为“无论……”，在本句中引导一个让步状语从句。
【句式提升】(1)“n matter＋疑问词” 引导让步状语从句，可放在主句前或主句后。Everyne will be given a telephne number at birth that will never change n matter where they live.每个人一出生就会被给予一个电话号码，将来无论他们居住在哪儿，这个电话号码都不会更改。
(2)“疑问词-ever”可以引导状语从句也可以引导名词性从句；“n matter＋疑问词”只能引导状语从句。I’ll pst that letter whatever Wilsn says.＝I’ll pst that letter n matter what Wilsn says.不管威尔逊讲什么，我都要寄出那封信。
【针对练习】完成句子(1)________________________， I’ll pay fr it.无论你想买什么，我都愿意付款。(2)Call me when yu get there, _______________________.无论什么时间，你到了那儿就给我打电话。(3)Everyne will be given a gift ________________. 每个人都会给一份礼物，无论他们居住在哪儿。
【答案】(1)N matter what yu want t buy(2)n matter what the time is(3)n matter where they live
□冠词冠词对于中国学生来说是一个难点。这一项目在高考试题中仍然非常重要。在每年的高考试题的语法填空题中，冠词同样是一个重要考点。具体来说，对于冠词应注意把握如下要点：
一、不定冠词的用法不定冠词通常表示泛指，但应特别注意掌握不定冠词的下列用法：1．泛指人或事物的类别，相当于any。如：A hrse is a useful animal.(马是有用的动物。)
2．不定冠词an要用在以元音音素开头的单词前；a则要用在以辅音音素开头的单词前。这里所指的元音音素和辅音音素，是指单词的读音，而不是指元音或辅音字母。如：an hnest man，a university student.。
3．放在一些表示心理活动或情感的名词前。如：hnur，jy，pity，pleasure，surprise等，一般情况下用作不可数名词，其前不加任何冠词，但如果其转化成具体的意义，表示“一个/一次/一种/一件……”等意义时，其前就要用不定冠词。这时，在这类名词的前面通常有形容词修饰。如：We felt it a pleasure t wrk with them and we finished ur wrk with pleasure.(我们觉得同他们一起工作是一件令人快乐的事情。我们愉快地完成了我们的工作。)
4．表示抽象意义的名词前。如danger，difficulty，disappintment，failure，help，success，wnder，pleasure等，这些名词可以转化成具体的人或事，前面用不定冠词修饰或者它们本身用复数形式。如：
We had much difficulty in finding his hme.(我们找他的家时碰到了许多的困难。)The red army men met all kinds f difficulties in the Lng March.(红军战士在长征途中碰到了许多困难的事情。)He is a success/failure in business.(在生意场上，他是一个成功者/失败者。)
5．放在物质名词前。如cffee，tea，fd，fg，rain，snw等，前面加不定冠词时，表示“一种；一场”。这时，其前通常有形容词修饰。如：a black tea(一种红茶)，a heavy snw/rain(一场大雪/雨)。6．放在具有动作意义的抽象名词在与动词have，take，make，give，let ut等构成的短语中，表示一次性短暂的动作。这时，通常要在这个短语的名词前加不定冠词。如：have a lk/rest/swim/try/test/bath/break; take a walk/lk/bath/rest。
7．不定冠词还可用于专有名词前。这时的专有名词通常转化成了一个普通名词，而且这个普通名词前还有形容词修饰。如：A Mr. Smith came t see yu this mrning.(今天早上一个名叫Smith的先生来看你了。)He is a living Lei Feng.(他是一个活雷锋。)
8．形容词比较级用作定语修饰一个单数可数名词时，其前也常用不定冠词修饰，表示“一个更……的”。如：Yu can’t find a better restaurant in this twn.(在这个镇上，你再也找不出一家比这更好的餐馆了。)9．mst前用不定冠词修饰时，mst相当于very。如：a mst hardwrking student(一个非常勤奋的学生)
10．表示三餐的词语前通常不用任何冠词修饰，但如果这类名词的前面有形容词修饰的时候，其前通常用不定冠词修饰。如：We usually have supper at half past six. Yesterday we had a big supper.(我们通常在六点半吃晚饭。昨天我们吃了一顿丰盛的晚餐。)
11．在序数词的前面，通常用定冠词修饰，但用不定冠词时，则通常表示“又、再、还”。如：He cast his net a secnd time but drew in nthing.(他又一次把网撒出去，可什么也没有捞到。)12．有些名词如ppulatin，area，height，weight，depth，width，length，speed等表示一个具体的量(即与具体的数量连用)时，其前通常要用不定冠词修饰。如：
This city has a ppulatin f three millin.(这个城市有三百万人口。)The car is running at a speed f 180 kilmeters per hur.(这辆汽车正以每小时180公里的速度行驶。)This schl cvers an area f tw square kilmeters.(这所学校占地2平方公里。)
二、注意掌握定冠词的下列用法：1．表示类别的单数名词前要加定冠词the。如：The hrse is a useful animal.2．表示乐器的名词前要加定冠词the。如：He likes t play the pian.3．由普通名词构成的专用名词前要加定冠词the。如the United States，the Peple’s Republic f China。注意，如果不是复合的专用名词，其前则不能加定冠词。如：America，China。
4．姓氏的复数形式前要加定冠词the，表示某某一家人或某某夫妇。如：the Curies(居里夫妇)，the Smiths(史密斯一家)。5．比较级前加定冠词常用于表示“两者中较……的那个”。如：The taller f the tw girls is my sister. (那两个女孩子中较高的那个是我的妹妹。)6．在重复前面提到过的人或物时，要用定冠词修饰。如：I saw a film yesterday, but the film was nt s interesting.(昨天我看了一部电影。这部电影没有什么趣味。)
7．由普通名词构成的、表示国家、党派、江、河、湖、海、山川、群岛等的专有名词前面要用定冠词修饰。如：the Peple’s Republic f China(中华人民共和国)，the Chinese Cmmunist Party(中国共产党), the Changjiang River(长江), the West Lake(西湖), the Taihang Muntain(太行山)。
8．在表示方位的名词前及某些表示时间的短语前。如：n the left/right(在左边/右边)，in the suth/nrth(在南方/北方)，in the mrning/afternn/evening(在早上/下午/晚上)。9．用在形容词前表示一类人或物。如：the ld/pr/rich/sick(老人/穷人/富人/病人)。10．用在整十的复数数词前表示年代。如：in the 1990’s(在二十世纪90年代)。
□追踪练习一、单句语法填空1．We are all lking fr happiness. Can we all find ________ happiness we are lking fr?2．The film star has gt tired f being ________ persn wh is kept busy all day lng.
3．D yu knw ________ taller f the tw students under the tree?4．Have yu seen ________ red bk? I put it here just nw.5．As yu knw, water is precius, but ________ water here is nt fit t drink.6．Hw d yu like ________ film we saw last night?
7．Thugh yu failed this time, yu can try ________ secnd time next mnth.8．________ Yellw River is cnsidered t be the mther river f ur natin.9．Mike is ________ third tallest by in ur class.10．It is hard fr a man withut knwledge t make ________ living in this wrld.
11．I enjy listening t music, but ________ music he is playing is t nisy.12．It’s really ________ great pleasure fr me t wrk with yu during this year.13．________ Internatinal Olympics Cmmittee will cme t China next week.14．I think this is ________ nly way t reduce air pllutin in ur twn.
15．This mrning ________ Mr. Smith came t see yu while yu were ut.【答案】1．the 2．a 3．the 4．a 5．the 6．the 7．a 8．The 9．the 10．a 11．the 12．a 13．The 14．the 15．a
二、完成句子1．D yu knw ________________(那位年轻的女士) wh is speaking at the meeting?2．I’m ging t the bkstre t buy ________________(一本英汉词典) fr my brther.3．We all feel it ________________(一个巨大的荣誉) t d smething fr the Beijing Olympic Games.
4．Mr.Brwn enjys playing basketball while Mrs. Brwn enjys ________________(弹钢琴)．5．We usually have a simple supper, but yesterday we had ________________(一顿丰盛的晚餐)．6．Thugh he failed in the first try, she wuld like t have ________________(再试一次)．
7．It is easy fr yu t be caught in ________________(一场大雨) as the weather is changeable here.8．The huse whse gate faces suth belng t ________________(史密斯家)．9．When she saw this, the little girl let ut ______________ (一声大叫) f surprise.
【答案】1．the yung lady 2．an English-Chinese dictinary 3．a great hnur 4．playing the pian 5．a rich supper 6．a secnd try 7．a heavy rain 8．the Smiths 9．a lud cry
一、单词拼写1．The super star made her ________(入场) t the sund f thunderus applause.2．This term Lily has made great ________(学业的) achievements. 3．There are sme ________(要素) which sund reasnable in her speech.
4．Water ________(沸腾) at 100 degree centigrade, which is an bvius fact.5．Mre hands will be ________(雇佣) in ur factry t increase ur prductin.6．Lk! There are ________(数不尽的) birds flying in the sky.7．The ship kncked int the ________(巨大的) iceberg and sank int the bttm.
8．This bridge measures 2．5 kilmeters in ________(长度)．9．The girl std n the ________(站台), waving t her friend.10．Thusands f ________(杰出的) scientists have made great cntributins t ur cuntry.【答案】1．entry 2．academic 3．elements 4．bils 5．hired 6．cuntless 7．enrmus 8．length 9．platfrm 10．utstanding
二、单句语法填空1．The ________(injure) wrkers have t stay in hspital fr anther ten days.2．The dg seems t be quite ________(defend) when she sees strangers cming up.3．Lily culd ________(pass) the entrance examinatin last year, but she fell ill thse days.
4．She is a yung lady with great drive and ________ (determine). 5．Mther is busy ________(prepare) supper, s I’ll g and give a hand.6．Grandfather usually sits n the sfa after supper, ________(read) sme newspapers.7．The ld man is trying t live his life ________ extremes.
8．Yu ught t apply what yu have learned in class ______ practice.9．Li Ming prefers ging fr a walk after supper t ________(play) cmputer games.10．N matter ________ yu g, yu shuld spare n effrt t d yu wrk well.
【答案】1．injured 2．defensive 3．have passed4．determinatin 5．preparing 6．reading 7．t 8．t9．playing 10．where
三、完成句子1．She __________________ her wrk in such a shrt time.她不可能在这么短的时间内完成她的工作。【答案】can’t/culdn’t have finished2．We must d ral practice ______________________ if we want t learn English well.要学好英语，我们必须每天进行口语练习。【答案】n a daily basis
3．This letter __________________ three pints.这封信可归纳为三点。【答案】bils dwn t4．I wuld stay hme __________________ t the cinema tnight.今晚我宁愿待在家里也不愿去看电影。【答案】rather than g
相关课件
高中英语北师大版 (2019)选择性必修 第一册Unit 3 ConservationLesson 2 War on Plastic Packets获奖ppt课件： 这是一份高中英语北师大版 (2019)选择性必修 第一册Unit 3 ConservationLesson 2 War on Plastic Packets获奖ppt课件，文件包含UNIT3LESSON2课件PPTpptx、UNIT3PartIIILESSON2同步练习含答案docx等2份课件配套教学资源，其中PPT共29页， 欢迎下载使用。
北师大版 (2019)选择性必修 第一册Lesson 3 So Close,Yet So Far完美版课件ppt： 这是一份北师大版 (2019)选择性必修 第一册Lesson 3 So Close,Yet So Far完美版课件ppt，共60页。PPT课件主要包含了社交网络，adv 持续不断地，appæp，n 应用程序，dormdɔːm，n 寝室学生宿舍，flowfləʊ，vt 与某人交往，adv 几乎不，n 现实真实等内容，欢迎下载使用。
英语选择性必修 第一册Unit 4 Body Language课文内容ppt课件： 这是一份英语选择性必修 第一册Unit 4 Body Language课文内容ppt课件，文件包含UNIT4Period3pptx、UNIT4Period3DOC等2份课件配套教学资源，其中PPT共60页， 欢迎下载使用。
