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2022届高考英语一轮复习 语法练 第1练 名词（解析版）
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这是一份2022届高考英语一轮复习 语法练 第1练 名词（解析版），共8页。
1.名词的单复数形式和名词所有格的使用,2.可数名词与不可数名词的混用,3.名词与其他词类间的转换
基础巩固
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．It’s only half an hour’s(hour) drive from here to the nearest hospital.
2．Adapted from a short novel，the film turned out to be a failure(fail)．
3．In China，we always spend the Spring Festival with our families(family)，eating dumplings，laughing and joking.
4．He pushed and pulled with all his strength(strong) to move the heavy stone.
5．Portman’s educational background has influenced one of her projects(project)．
6．I have a strong belief(believe) that one day students can buy these tickets，too.
7．This trend has had some unintended side effects(effect) such as overweight and heart disease.
8．Tea only made its way to England in large quantities(quantity) in the first years of the 17th century.
9．Two of my heroes(hero) have completed a big project.
10．And after graduation(graduate) in 2019，she went to the USA for further education.
Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)
11．Lots of accidents with cyclists often happen because of crowded .
12．After all，helping people in need is a good way to obtain joy and .
13．Before long，I could speak English well and I also made great in my written English.
14．We couldn’t find a hotel because there were quite a lot of in this old city.
15．In the rush hour，there were so many cars and on the road，so I was stuck.
16．In the end，she decided to see the wise man in this village to ask for some .
17．The girl told me that she had never read the famous novel but she had heard of his name.
18．After that we’ll have some together，singing，dancing and playing games.
19．After a ten walk，these people arrived at the famous village.
20．There were telling us to wash hands frequently and wear masks.
在语法填空中
1．查看句子结构。弄清所填词在句中充当什么成分。如果充当主语或宾语，必须用名词或代词形式；充当表语、定语等则要认真考虑。
2．查看修饰语。一是通过观察空格前是否有冠词、形容词性物主代词、指示代词、动词、介词等分析所填词是否是名词；二是考虑固定短语或固定搭配。
3．确定名词形式。根据提示词考虑词形变化，即名词的单复数形式、所有格等。
在短文改错中
短文改错主要通过对句子结构及修饰语的理解考查名词的单复数或所有格。设题主要有三种形式：
1．名词复数误用单数形式；
2．不可数名词误用复数形式；
3．复数形式错误。
为此，可从三方面入手：
1．查看名词前的修饰语，确定名词单复数形式。若有超过1的基数词或由many，(a) few，several，couple等修饰，后面的名词用复数形式。
2．查看谓语动词的形式，确定名词单复数形式。若谓语动词为are，were，have等，作主语的可数名词用复数形式。
3．查看名词的复数形式，确定复数形式是否正确。特别注意不规则名词的变化情况。
能力提升
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
A group of volunteers joined forces to form a human chain to free four dolphins which had been stranded(搁浅) in a canal for four days.The four dolphins were seen in the water near the Fossil Park neighborhood in St Petersburg，Florida，US，on Sunday.Experts from the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC) had monitored the dolphins’ activities in the past few days and hoped that they would swim out with the tide.
But when the dolphins struggled to leave the canal，the brave volunteers joined members of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the Clearwater Marine Aquarium to form a rescue team to free them.Dozens of people gathered to take videos and pictures of the kind act.A team of 14 volunteers held hands to act as a block to guide the dolphins out of the narrow channel.They shouted and patted the water with their hands to direct the dolphins to vast expanses of Riviera Bay.Dolphins find their way in the water through echolocation(回声定位)．That means that，by making highfrequency sounds，they can recognize the echoes of sound waves that bounce off objects to find their way around.
Andy Garrett，a biologist of the FWC said，“We were able to keep that chain together.The dolphins were interested.They actually came over right away.” He added that when the team reached a bridge，the dolphins appeared a bit nervous and started doing some spins.“They made one real hard pass at our team and then went under the bridge and took off，” Garrett said.The operation lasted about 45 minutes and the rescue team did not use nets or any items that could stress the dolphins.
1．What can we know about the dolphins from Paragraph 1?
A．They formed a chain to protect themselves.
B．They lived in the water near the Fossil Park.
C．They were observed in secret by volunteers.
D．They were forced to stay in a canal for four days.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据文章第一段第一句可知，四只海豚被困在运河里四天了。故选D。
2．Why did volunteers shout and pat the water?
A．To make sounds to attract some people.
B．To guide the dolphins out to Riviera Bay.
C．To celebrate the success of saving dolphins.
D．To test the different reactions of the dolphins.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“They shouted and patted the water with their hands to direct the dolphins to vast expanses of Riviera Bay.”可知，志愿者这样做的目的是引导海豚到里维埃拉湾。故选B。
3．What words could best describe the rescuers?
A．Brave and caring.
B．Cautious and humorous.
C．Smart and ambitious.
D．Optimistic and energetic.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据文章第二段第一句和最后一段最后一句可推知，救援人员勇敢且具有爱心。故选A。
4．What’s the main idea of the text?
A．Dolphins swam to the canal to hunt for food.
B．Rescuers formed a human chain to save dolphins.
C．Volunteers helped four dolphins find their way home.
D．Experts studied the ways of dolphins’ finding directions.
答案 B
解析 主旨大意题。通读全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了救援人员组成人链来拯救海豚。故选B。
B
Nobody likes to fail.It makes people feel embarrassed and discouraged.What’s worse，it may cause major professional or personal trouble and lead to negativity.Basically，failure is no fun for most people.However，a vast body of research tells us that failure provides us with a chance to grow and develop，increases adaptability，and helps protect against anxiety.
It’s hard to change the mindset(心态) of a lifetime.But even if we still can’t get over the broken marriage or the failed College Entrance Examination or the work presentation that went fearfully wrong，it might not be too late for our kids.
Christy Pennison，a professional consultant，says she works with an increasing number of kids and teens who show significant anxiety around a fear of failure.She said，“We want to protect our children，and we want them to live happy and meaningful lives，so we frequently tell them the harm of failure and ask them to avoid failure.The children experiencing internal and sometimes external pressure think they shouldn’t fail.Meanwhile，we always have high expectations of them.So when they don’t live up to a certain standard，or things don’t go according to the plans，they will feel upset and anxious.”
Pennison argues that failures are often the hidden learning chances that can help people develop positive qualities，like persistence，concentration，flexibility，patience，and positive selfimage.
So what can parents do to help their children embrace(拥抱)failure instead of avoiding it at all costs？Pennison suggests directing praise towards the effort，not the result.“This allows children to build confidence in themselves，” she explains.“Acknowledging the effort can give children permission to try new things without a fear of failure.And the bigger picture is that the development of the mindset—‘I’d rather try and fail than not try at all.’—helps them keep a belief in themselves，and expands their world of possibilities.” As Pennison points out，we all fail，but how we get up after we fail is what matters.
语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了失败并不完全是一件坏事，它可以培养人们积极的品质，如坚持和耐心，并阐述了我们应该如何让孩子学会面对失败。
5．What aspect do most people focus on when thinking of failure?
A．The great courage to face it.
B．The efforts made to handle it.
C．Unexpected benefits it brings.
D．Unpleasant side effects it brings.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段的内容可推知，大部分人想到失败时都关注它带来的负面影响。
6．What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 2?
A．Bring up the main topic.
B．List the challenges in our life.
C．Add some background information.
D．Stress the importance of the mindset.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，本段主要是为了引出文章议论的话题：家长需要帮助孩子树立对失败的正确态度。
7．What is mainly talked about in the third paragraph?
A．The causes of children’s anxiety.
B．Christy Pennison’s comments on adolescents.
C．The consequences of overprotecting children.
D．Christy Pennison’s experience in educating children.
答案 A
解析 段落大意题。根据第三段中的“...we frequently tell them the harm of failure...”以及“Meanwhile，we always have high expectations of them.”可知，本段主要分析了导致孩子焦虑的原因。
8．Which of the following advice can help parents encourage kids to face failure?
①Praise kids’ every achievement.
②Make kids embrace a bright mindset.
③Focus on the process of kids’ effort.
④Expand kids’ knowledge about the world.
⑤Encourage kids to make new attempts.
A．①②④ B．②③④
C．②③⑤ D．①③⑤
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Pennison suggests directing praise towards the effort...build confidence in themselves...try new things”可知，关注努力的过程、使孩子拥有一个积极的心态及鼓励孩子尝试可帮助他们勇敢面对失败。
Ⅳ.七选五
It’s impossible to provide an exact number of words in English，since new words are being added to the dictionary，and falling out of use constantly. 1
The short answer is：about a million.Doubt you know anything even close to a million words? That number includes any number of legal，medical，scientific，and mechanical terms that most people will never meet in their daytoday lives. 2
The “million” number also includes the many，many words that have fallen out of use throughout the time. 3 Consider the word “diddle”，a slang term from the 1700s that means “gin”．Many English speakers would recognize “gin”，but far fewer would recognize “diddle”．
If a million words is the absolute upper level，how does that compare with the general vocabulary of most English speakers? 4 Most Englishspeaking adults know between 20,000 and 30,000 words.And in addition to those many thousands of words，they’re probably able to comprehend a good 20,000 more just from context clues.
5 You won’t find a single dictionary that includes anywhere close to the total million words.One of the reasons is that generalusage dictionaries don’t include lots of technical terms—both because of how uncommon they are and，in some cases，because of length.The longest word in the English language is a term from chemistry that is used to identify a certain kind of protein.It is 180,000 letters long.So you certainly won’t see it in the dictionary.
A．But what’s the number?
B．More than you might think!
C．That doesn’t amount to a whole lot，though!
D．Then，how many words are there in the book?
E．While words like these are very uncommon，they still count.
F．If you recognize these uncommon words，we sadly no longer use them.
G．Though removed from the dictionary，they still count as English words.
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了在英语中提供确切的单词数量是不可能的，并说明了原因。
1．答案 A
解析 由下一句“简而言之，答案是：大约一百万”可知，此处承接下文，A选项“但是数量是多少”切题；该选项中的the number对应下一句的about a million。故选A项。
2．答案 E
解析 由上一句“这个数字包括许多法律、医学、科学和机械术语，大多数人在日常生活中永远不会遇到这些术语”可知，此处承接上文，E选项“虽然像这样的词是非常不常见的词，但它们仍然很重要”切题；该选项中的very uncommon对应上一句的most people will never meet in their daytoday lives。故选E项。
3．答案 G
解析 由上一句“‘百万’这个数字还包括了许多，许多在这段时间里已经不再使用的词”和本段下两句的“想想‘diddle’这个词，一个18世纪的俚语，意思是‘gin’。许多讲英语的人会认出‘gin’，但很少有人会认出‘diddle’”可知，此处承接上下文，G选项“虽然已从词典中删去，但它们仍算作英语单词”切题。故选G项。
4．答案 B
解析 由下一句“大多数说英语的成年人知道20 000到30 000个单词”可知，此处承接下文，B选项“比你想象的还要多”切题；该选项指与大多数英语使用者的一般词汇相比，一百万词汇量很大。故选B项。
5．答案 D
解析 由下一句“你找不到任何一本字典，里面有接近一百万个单词。”可知，此处承接下文，D选项“那么，这本书有多少字？”切题；该选项中的the book和how many words对应下一句的a single dictionary和the total million words。故选D项。
Ⅰ.高频词汇积累
1．guide v．指引；指导n.导游；向导
2．failure n．[C]失败者；失败的事情；[U]失败
3．anxiety n．忧虑，担心；渴望
4．hunt v．搜寻；追踪；打猎 n．搜寻；行动
5．embarrassed adj.尴尬的；窘迫的
6．discouraged adj.灰心丧气的；气馁的
7．consultant n．顾问；会诊医师
8．avoid v．避免，防止；躲避
9．expectation n．期望，期待
10．expand v．扩大；发展
Ⅱ.长难句分析
1．However，a vast body of research tells us that failure provides us with a chance to grow and develop，increases adaptability，and helps protect against anxiety.
[句式分析] 该句为复合句。主干部分为a vast body of research tells us that...；that引导宾语从句，在宾语从句中，provide，increase，help为三个并列的谓语；to do不定式短语作定语，修饰chance。
[自主翻译] 然而，大量的研究告诉我们，失败为我们提供了成长和发展的机会，提高适应能力，并有助于防止焦虑。
[仿写运用] 我们的老师经常告诉我们，学好英语使我们更容易找到一份好工作，让我们有能力与更多的人交流，并且开阔视野。
Our teacher often tells us that learning English well makes it easier for us to find a good job，enables us to communicate with more people and broadens our horizons.
2．As Pennison points out，we all fail，but how we get up after we fail is what matters.
[句式分析] as引导一个非限制性定语从句；but连接两个并列句，but后的句子为主系表结构；how引导的主语从句作主语，此句中又含有 after 引导的时间状语从句；what引导表语从句。
[自主翻译] 正如佩尼森所指出的，我们都会失败，但我们失败后如何站起来才是重要的。
[仿写运用] 众所周知，我们都会犯错误，但如何避免下次犯同样的错误才是最重要的。
As is known to us all，we all make mistakes，but how we avoid making the same mistake next time is what matters.
1.名词的单复数形式和名词所有格的使用,2.可数名词与不可数名词的混用,3.名词与其他词类间的转换
基础巩固
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．It’s only half an hour’s(hour) drive from here to the nearest hospital.
2．Adapted from a short novel，the film turned out to be a failure(fail)．
3．In China，we always spend the Spring Festival with our families(family)，eating dumplings，laughing and joking.
4．He pushed and pulled with all his strength(strong) to move the heavy stone.
5．Portman’s educational background has influenced one of her projects(project)．
6．I have a strong belief(believe) that one day students can buy these tickets，too.
7．This trend has had some unintended side effects(effect) such as overweight and heart disease.
8．Tea only made its way to England in large quantities(quantity) in the first years of the 17th century.
9．Two of my heroes(hero) have completed a big project.
10．And after graduation(graduate) in 2019，she went to the USA for further education.
Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)
11．Lots of accidents with cyclists often happen because of crowded .
12．After all，helping people in need is a good way to obtain joy and .
13．Before long，I could speak English well and I also made great in my written English.
14．We couldn’t find a hotel because there were quite a lot of in this old city.
15．In the rush hour，there were so many cars and on the road，so I was stuck.
16．In the end，she decided to see the wise man in this village to ask for some .
17．The girl told me that she had never read the famous novel but she had heard of his name.
18．After that we’ll have some together，singing，dancing and playing games.
19．After a ten walk，these people arrived at the famous village.
20．There were telling us to wash hands frequently and wear masks.
在语法填空中
1．查看句子结构。弄清所填词在句中充当什么成分。如果充当主语或宾语，必须用名词或代词形式；充当表语、定语等则要认真考虑。
2．查看修饰语。一是通过观察空格前是否有冠词、形容词性物主代词、指示代词、动词、介词等分析所填词是否是名词；二是考虑固定短语或固定搭配。
3．确定名词形式。根据提示词考虑词形变化，即名词的单复数形式、所有格等。
在短文改错中
短文改错主要通过对句子结构及修饰语的理解考查名词的单复数或所有格。设题主要有三种形式：
1．名词复数误用单数形式；
2．不可数名词误用复数形式；
3．复数形式错误。
为此，可从三方面入手：
1．查看名词前的修饰语，确定名词单复数形式。若有超过1的基数词或由many，(a) few，several，couple等修饰，后面的名词用复数形式。
2．查看谓语动词的形式，确定名词单复数形式。若谓语动词为are，were，have等，作主语的可数名词用复数形式。
3．查看名词的复数形式，确定复数形式是否正确。特别注意不规则名词的变化情况。
能力提升
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
A group of volunteers joined forces to form a human chain to free four dolphins which had been stranded(搁浅) in a canal for four days.The four dolphins were seen in the water near the Fossil Park neighborhood in St Petersburg，Florida，US，on Sunday.Experts from the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC) had monitored the dolphins’ activities in the past few days and hoped that they would swim out with the tide.
But when the dolphins struggled to leave the canal，the brave volunteers joined members of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the Clearwater Marine Aquarium to form a rescue team to free them.Dozens of people gathered to take videos and pictures of the kind act.A team of 14 volunteers held hands to act as a block to guide the dolphins out of the narrow channel.They shouted and patted the water with their hands to direct the dolphins to vast expanses of Riviera Bay.Dolphins find their way in the water through echolocation(回声定位)．That means that，by making highfrequency sounds，they can recognize the echoes of sound waves that bounce off objects to find their way around.
Andy Garrett，a biologist of the FWC said，“We were able to keep that chain together.The dolphins were interested.They actually came over right away.” He added that when the team reached a bridge，the dolphins appeared a bit nervous and started doing some spins.“They made one real hard pass at our team and then went under the bridge and took off，” Garrett said.The operation lasted about 45 minutes and the rescue team did not use nets or any items that could stress the dolphins.
1．What can we know about the dolphins from Paragraph 1?
A．They formed a chain to protect themselves.
B．They lived in the water near the Fossil Park.
C．They were observed in secret by volunteers.
D．They were forced to stay in a canal for four days.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据文章第一段第一句可知，四只海豚被困在运河里四天了。故选D。
2．Why did volunteers shout and pat the water?
A．To make sounds to attract some people.
B．To guide the dolphins out to Riviera Bay.
C．To celebrate the success of saving dolphins.
D．To test the different reactions of the dolphins.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“They shouted and patted the water with their hands to direct the dolphins to vast expanses of Riviera Bay.”可知，志愿者这样做的目的是引导海豚到里维埃拉湾。故选B。
3．What words could best describe the rescuers?
A．Brave and caring.
B．Cautious and humorous.
C．Smart and ambitious.
D．Optimistic and energetic.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据文章第二段第一句和最后一段最后一句可推知，救援人员勇敢且具有爱心。故选A。
4．What’s the main idea of the text?
A．Dolphins swam to the canal to hunt for food.
B．Rescuers formed a human chain to save dolphins.
C．Volunteers helped four dolphins find their way home.
D．Experts studied the ways of dolphins’ finding directions.
答案 B
解析 主旨大意题。通读全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了救援人员组成人链来拯救海豚。故选B。
B
Nobody likes to fail.It makes people feel embarrassed and discouraged.What’s worse，it may cause major professional or personal trouble and lead to negativity.Basically，failure is no fun for most people.However，a vast body of research tells us that failure provides us with a chance to grow and develop，increases adaptability，and helps protect against anxiety.
It’s hard to change the mindset(心态) of a lifetime.But even if we still can’t get over the broken marriage or the failed College Entrance Examination or the work presentation that went fearfully wrong，it might not be too late for our kids.
Christy Pennison，a professional consultant，says she works with an increasing number of kids and teens who show significant anxiety around a fear of failure.She said，“We want to protect our children，and we want them to live happy and meaningful lives，so we frequently tell them the harm of failure and ask them to avoid failure.The children experiencing internal and sometimes external pressure think they shouldn’t fail.Meanwhile，we always have high expectations of them.So when they don’t live up to a certain standard，or things don’t go according to the plans，they will feel upset and anxious.”
Pennison argues that failures are often the hidden learning chances that can help people develop positive qualities，like persistence，concentration，flexibility，patience，and positive selfimage.
So what can parents do to help their children embrace(拥抱)failure instead of avoiding it at all costs？Pennison suggests directing praise towards the effort，not the result.“This allows children to build confidence in themselves，” she explains.“Acknowledging the effort can give children permission to try new things without a fear of failure.And the bigger picture is that the development of the mindset—‘I’d rather try and fail than not try at all.’—helps them keep a belief in themselves，and expands their world of possibilities.” As Pennison points out，we all fail，but how we get up after we fail is what matters.
语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了失败并不完全是一件坏事，它可以培养人们积极的品质，如坚持和耐心，并阐述了我们应该如何让孩子学会面对失败。
5．What aspect do most people focus on when thinking of failure?
A．The great courage to face it.
B．The efforts made to handle it.
C．Unexpected benefits it brings.
D．Unpleasant side effects it brings.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段的内容可推知，大部分人想到失败时都关注它带来的负面影响。
6．What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 2?
A．Bring up the main topic.
B．List the challenges in our life.
C．Add some background information.
D．Stress the importance of the mindset.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，本段主要是为了引出文章议论的话题：家长需要帮助孩子树立对失败的正确态度。
7．What is mainly talked about in the third paragraph?
A．The causes of children’s anxiety.
B．Christy Pennison’s comments on adolescents.
C．The consequences of overprotecting children.
D．Christy Pennison’s experience in educating children.
答案 A
解析 段落大意题。根据第三段中的“...we frequently tell them the harm of failure...”以及“Meanwhile，we always have high expectations of them.”可知，本段主要分析了导致孩子焦虑的原因。
8．Which of the following advice can help parents encourage kids to face failure?
①Praise kids’ every achievement.
②Make kids embrace a bright mindset.
③Focus on the process of kids’ effort.
④Expand kids’ knowledge about the world.
⑤Encourage kids to make new attempts.
A．①②④ B．②③④
C．②③⑤ D．①③⑤
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Pennison suggests directing praise towards the effort...build confidence in themselves...try new things”可知，关注努力的过程、使孩子拥有一个积极的心态及鼓励孩子尝试可帮助他们勇敢面对失败。
Ⅳ.七选五
It’s impossible to provide an exact number of words in English，since new words are being added to the dictionary，and falling out of use constantly. 1
The short answer is：about a million.Doubt you know anything even close to a million words? That number includes any number of legal，medical，scientific，and mechanical terms that most people will never meet in their daytoday lives. 2
The “million” number also includes the many，many words that have fallen out of use throughout the time. 3 Consider the word “diddle”，a slang term from the 1700s that means “gin”．Many English speakers would recognize “gin”，but far fewer would recognize “diddle”．
If a million words is the absolute upper level，how does that compare with the general vocabulary of most English speakers? 4 Most Englishspeaking adults know between 20,000 and 30,000 words.And in addition to those many thousands of words，they’re probably able to comprehend a good 20,000 more just from context clues.
5 You won’t find a single dictionary that includes anywhere close to the total million words.One of the reasons is that generalusage dictionaries don’t include lots of technical terms—both because of how uncommon they are and，in some cases，because of length.The longest word in the English language is a term from chemistry that is used to identify a certain kind of protein.It is 180,000 letters long.So you certainly won’t see it in the dictionary.
A．But what’s the number?
B．More than you might think!
C．That doesn’t amount to a whole lot，though!
D．Then，how many words are there in the book?
E．While words like these are very uncommon，they still count.
F．If you recognize these uncommon words，we sadly no longer use them.
G．Though removed from the dictionary，they still count as English words.
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了在英语中提供确切的单词数量是不可能的，并说明了原因。
1．答案 A
解析 由下一句“简而言之，答案是：大约一百万”可知，此处承接下文，A选项“但是数量是多少”切题；该选项中的the number对应下一句的about a million。故选A项。
2．答案 E
解析 由上一句“这个数字包括许多法律、医学、科学和机械术语，大多数人在日常生活中永远不会遇到这些术语”可知，此处承接上文，E选项“虽然像这样的词是非常不常见的词，但它们仍然很重要”切题；该选项中的very uncommon对应上一句的most people will never meet in their daytoday lives。故选E项。
3．答案 G
解析 由上一句“‘百万’这个数字还包括了许多，许多在这段时间里已经不再使用的词”和本段下两句的“想想‘diddle’这个词，一个18世纪的俚语，意思是‘gin’。许多讲英语的人会认出‘gin’，但很少有人会认出‘diddle’”可知，此处承接上下文，G选项“虽然已从词典中删去，但它们仍算作英语单词”切题。故选G项。
4．答案 B
解析 由下一句“大多数说英语的成年人知道20 000到30 000个单词”可知，此处承接下文，B选项“比你想象的还要多”切题；该选项指与大多数英语使用者的一般词汇相比，一百万词汇量很大。故选B项。
5．答案 D
解析 由下一句“你找不到任何一本字典，里面有接近一百万个单词。”可知，此处承接下文，D选项“那么，这本书有多少字？”切题；该选项中的the book和how many words对应下一句的a single dictionary和the total million words。故选D项。
Ⅰ.高频词汇积累
1．guide v．指引；指导n.导游；向导
2．failure n．[C]失败者；失败的事情；[U]失败
3．anxiety n．忧虑，担心；渴望
4．hunt v．搜寻；追踪；打猎 n．搜寻；行动
5．embarrassed adj.尴尬的；窘迫的
6．discouraged adj.灰心丧气的；气馁的
7．consultant n．顾问；会诊医师
8．avoid v．避免，防止；躲避
9．expectation n．期望，期待
10．expand v．扩大；发展
Ⅱ.长难句分析
1．However，a vast body of research tells us that failure provides us with a chance to grow and develop，increases adaptability，and helps protect against anxiety.
[句式分析] 该句为复合句。主干部分为a vast body of research tells us that...；that引导宾语从句，在宾语从句中，provide，increase，help为三个并列的谓语；to do不定式短语作定语，修饰chance。
[自主翻译] 然而，大量的研究告诉我们，失败为我们提供了成长和发展的机会，提高适应能力，并有助于防止焦虑。
[仿写运用] 我们的老师经常告诉我们，学好英语使我们更容易找到一份好工作，让我们有能力与更多的人交流，并且开阔视野。
Our teacher often tells us that learning English well makes it easier for us to find a good job，enables us to communicate with more people and broadens our horizons.
2．As Pennison points out，we all fail，but how we get up after we fail is what matters.
[句式分析] as引导一个非限制性定语从句；but连接两个并列句，but后的句子为主系表结构；how引导的主语从句作主语，此句中又含有 after 引导的时间状语从句；what引导表语从句。
[自主翻译] 正如佩尼森所指出的，我们都会失败，但我们失败后如何站起来才是重要的。
[仿写运用] 众所周知，我们都会犯错误，但如何避免下次犯同样的错误才是最重要的。
As is known to us all，we all make mistakes，but how we avoid making the same mistake next time is what matters.
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