2021届高三高考英语一轮复习语法专练 专题01 名词专练（一）（解析版）

2021 高考英语一轮复习语法考点名词专练（一）

解析版

一、基础达标测试（本题共 30 小题，每题 1 分，共 30 分）

1.We would much appreciate ________ (guide) from an expert in this field.

【答案】guidance

【解析】考查名词。句意：我们非常感谢该领域专家的指导。根据句意可知，空处需用名词作 appreciate

的宾语；guide 的名词形式是 guidance。故填 guidance.

2.They often give ______ (perform) in pubs at weekends.

【答案】​  performances

【解析】​ 考查名词复数。句意：他们经常在周末去酒吧表演。performance，名词，表演。give 是及物动词，后面加名词或者代词。根据 They often 可知，用复数，故填 performances.

3.Tom was doing his homework and the boys who were playing outside his house added _______ (anxious) to him .

【答案】anxiety

【解析】考查名词。句意：汤姆正在做家庭作业，在他家外面玩的孩子们给他增添了焦虑。anxiety 焦虑；令人焦虑的事，anxiety 作“令人着急、焦虑的事”解，是可数名词，引申可表示为某事焦虑，常译成“渴望，热望，焦虑”，是不可数名词。故填 anxiety.

4.We all have an ________(expect) that he can pass the driving test next week.

【答案】expectation

【解析】考查名词。句意：我们都期待着他下周能通过驾照考试。本空要使用名词做宾语，名词 expectation“期

盼”是可数名词，根据 an 可知，使用单数形式，故填 expectation.

5.We had no ______ (hesitate) in helping the sufferers when the terrible earthquake hit the country.

【答案】hesitation

【解析】考查名词和固定搭配。句意：当可怕的地震袭击这个国家时，我们毫不犹豫地帮助灾民。have no

hesitation in doing sth.毫不犹豫地做某事，固定搭配。故填 hesitation.

6.The ________ (arrive) of the plane has been delayed due to the fog.

【答案】arrival

【解析】考查名词。此处用名词作主语，arrival 名词，到达。故填 arrival.

7.In many ways my___________ (disable) has helped me grow stronger psychologically and become more independent.

【答案】disability

【解析】考查名词。句意：在许多方面，我的残疾帮助我在心理上变得更强大，变得更独立。形容词性物主代词后跟名词形式，disable 的名词形式是 disability，根据 has 可知，此处使用其单数形式，故填 disability. 8.Compared to the advantages of the Internet, those of the television alone will not be enough to ensure its _____________(survive), and many people think the latter will be replaced.

【答案】survival

【解析】考查名词。句意：与互联网的优势相比，光靠电视的优势不足以保证其生存，很多人认为后者将被取代。its 是形容词性物主代词，修饰名词，survive 是动词，其名词是 survival，意为：幸存，生存。故填 survival.

9.You'd better take into account your own ________ (strong) and weaknesses before choosing a major. 【答案】strengths

【解析】考查名词复数。句意：在选择专业之前，你最好考虑一下你自己的优点和缺点。your 是形容词性物主代词，后面要接名词；strength 力量，优势，可数名词，根据后面的 and weaknesses 可知，此处应用相应的名词复数形式。故填 strengths.

10.The little boy was curious about everything around him, and his parents always satisfied his ________ (curious). 【答案】​ curiosity

【解析】句意：这个小男孩对他周围的一切事物都很好奇，他的父母总是满足他的好奇心。his 为形容词性物主代词，后面需接名词，curiosity 好奇心，不可数名词。故填 curiosity.

11.I like discovering the________(different) between different cultures.

【答案】difference

【解析】考查名词。句意：我喜欢发现不同文化之间的差异。根据 the 可知，此处用名词做宾语，difference差异，故填 difference.

12.The headmaster didn’t seem to be aware that there should have been so much _____ (disagree) about the decision.

【答案】disagreement

【解析】考查不可数名词。much 修饰不可数名词，disagree 不同意，反对，动词原形。disagreement 不同意，

反对，不可数名词。故填 disagreement.

13.Sorry, I can't read the ______ (express) on her face.

【答案】​ expression

【解析】考查名词。结合句意”对不起，我无法理解她脸上的表情。分析句子结构可知，空处需用名词作宾

语；express 的名词是 expression“表情”，此处表示特指她脸上的表情需用单数。故填 expression.

14.Reaching this agreement so quickly was a great ________ (achieve).

【答案】achievement

【解析】考查名词。句意：如此迅速地达成这项协议是一项了不起的成就。great 了不起的，形容词，后需接名词；achieve 的名词是 achievement，成就，可数名词，由空前不定冠词 a 可知，空处名词用单数形式。故填 achievement.

15.The villagers here all respect him for his ____________ (devote)to the health care.

【答案】devotion

【解析】考查名词的单复数。句意：这里的村民都尊敬他对医疗保健的献身精神。devotion 译为奉献，忠诚，是不可数名词；his 后应接名词形式，故填 devotion.

16.They were not in the least worried about the ______ (possible) that sweets could rot the teeth. 【答案】possibility

【解析】考查名词。句意：他们一点也不担心糖果有可能会腐蚀牙齿。由空前的 the 可知，设空处应用提示词的名词形式，作 were worried about 的宾语。possibility“可能性，可能发生的事物”，故填 possibility.

17.The girl kept working hard and gained ________ (admit) to the world-famous university.

【答案】admission

【解析】句意：这个女孩继续努力学习，考上了那所世界著名的大学。由后文 the world-famous university 可知，此处应是“上大学”，admission to 允许进入，固定短语。结合句意，故填 admission.

18.Anyhow they didn’t trust me, so they didn’t deserve a(an) ______________ (explain).

【答案】explanation

【解析】考查名词的单复数。句意：不管怎样他们都不信任我，所以他们不值得解释。 a(an)后加名词单数形式，故填 explanation.

19.I explained that each person has different ideas of what ___________(free) is.

【答案】​  freedom

【解析】句意：我解释说，每个人对自由有不同的理解。free 形容词，自由的，其名词形式是 freedom（自

由）。结合句意可知，本空应该是名词形式。故填 freedom.

20.The village where he was born has changed beyond(介词/超出) __________(recognize).

【答案】recognition

【解析】考查不可数名词。beyond 是介词，后接名词作宾语，recognize 认出，是动词，其名词形式是 recognition， beyond recognition 无法辨认，故填 recognition.

21.There has been no __________ (respond) to his remarks from the government.

【答案】response

【解析】句意：政府没有对他的言论作出回应。have no response to...对……没有回应，固定短语，故填 response.

【解析】考查名词。句意：这个节目的变化可以根据你的要求安排。requirement“要求，需要”，可数名词；

由空前的 your 可知，设空处应用提示词的名词形式。此处应用其复数形式表示一类事物。故填 requirements.

23.Different persons have different _________( believe).

【答案】beliefs

【解析】考查可数名词的复数形式。different 后跟名词，believe 的名词是 belief，意为“信仰，信念”，由 different 可知，belief 应该用复数，即 beliefs。故填 beliefs.

24.My parents are in a huge ________ (argue), and I am really upset about it.

【答案】argument

【解析】考查名词单数。形容词修饰名词，根据前面的不定冠词 a 可知，此处用名词单数，argument 争论。故填 argument.

25. We have our furniture moved to the new house when the ________ (decorate) of the house is finished. 【答案】decoration

【解析】考查名词。句意：房子装修完毕后，我们把家具搬到新房子里去了。定冠词 the 后要使用其名词形式，decoration 装饰，装修，不可数名词。结合句意，故填 decoration.

26.Not only food and clothing but also medical ____________(treat) has been provided for the people who need it in the flooded areas.

【答案】treatment

【解析】考查名词。句意：不仅为受灾地区的人们提供了食物和衣服，而且还为他们提供了医疗服务。结合句意和空格前的形容词 medical 可知，此处应是 treat 的名词形式 treatment，故填 treatment.

27.I regard ________ (creative) both as a gift and as a skill.

【答案】creativity

【解析】句意：我认为创造力既是一种天赋，也是一种技能。regard sth. as...把某事物看作……，regard 后接

名词，creativity 创造性，为不可数名词，故填 creativity.

28.He lost the ________ (elect) by one vote.

【答案】election

【解析】句意：他因一票之差落选了。分析句子可知，空格处做 lost 的宾语，且前面有定冠词，所以，要

用名词。elect 的名词 election“选举”。故填 election.

29.Nowadays, concerts held in sports stadium are common, and it seems that every few __________(year) there is a new boy band trying to bring back the magic of the Beatles.

【答案】years

【解析】考查名词单复数。句意：如今，在体育场举行音乐会是很常见的，似乎每隔几年就会有一个新的男孩乐队试图重现披头士的魔力。year 年，名词；every few 修饰可数名词复数，故填 years。

30.Visitors were struck by the natural scenery here, which was beautiful beyond______. (describe)

【答案】description

【解析】考查名词及固定短语。句意：游客们被这里的自然风光所吸引，那是无法形容的美丽。 beyond description 是固定短语，意为”无法形容“，故填 description.

二、真题实战演练（本题共 10 小题，每题 1.5 分，共 15 分）

1.（2019 全国卷 III）When they were free from work，they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting _______________(compete)to watch，together with the story behind it.

【答案】competition

【解析】考查词性转换。句意：当他们下班后，他们邀请我们参加当地的活动，他们告诉我们一个有趣的比赛可以观看，以及背后的故事。由空格前的 interesting 形容词，修饰名词。故填 competition.

2.（2018 高考全国卷 I）A mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease

and early deaths from all (cause).

【答案】causes

【解析】考查可数名词复数的变化。句意：每天跑步只需 5 到 10 分钟，就能降低患心脏病的风险和因各种

原因导致的的早期死亡。cause 是一个可数名词，表示“原因”，由空格前的 all 可知，此处应该用复数形式，

故填 causes.

3.(2018·高考浙江卷)Making Chinese (dish) is seen as especially troublesome.

【答案】dishes

【解析】考查词性转换。根据修饰词 Chinese 可知用可数名词的复数 dishes，表示"中国菜"。

4.(2018·高考全国 III 卷)I’m a (science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.

【答案】scientist

【解析】考查词性转换。句意:我是研究猿和猴子等动物的科学家。设空处作表语,说明主语的身份;根据提示

词  science 可知填 scientist.

5.(2017·高考北京卷)This switch has decreased (pollute) in the country’s major lakes and reservoirs and

made drinking water safer for people.

【答案】pollution

【解析】考查词性的变化。句意：这种变化已经减少了中国主要湖泊和水库的污染,使人们的饮用水变得更

安全了。空格处作 decreased 的宾语,故使用 pollute 的名词形式，故填 pollution.

6.(2017·高考全国卷 I)This trend, which was started by the medical community( 医学界) as a method of fighting

heart disease, has had some unintended side (effect)such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.

【答案】effects

【解析】考查名词复数。这种趋势有些非计划的副作用,如超重和心脏病。side effect 表示“副作用”,为可数名词,根据 such as overweight and heart disease 可知,副作用有多种,故填复数形式 effects.

7.(2017·高考全国 II 卷)It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and from work.

【答案】crowds

【解析】考查名词。avoid“避免”后可跟名词或动名词作宾语。因为此空前有形容词 terrible 修饰,故排除动名

词形式;crowd 作“人群”解时,为可数名词,故需用复数形式 crowds.

8. (2016·高考全国卷Ⅰ)Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires，Asia's biggest building，and fancy new hotels.But

for tourists like me，pandas are its top (attract)．

【答案】attraction

【解析】考查词性转换。句意：但是，像我这样的游客，熊猫是头等的有吸引力的事物。该空作 are 的表语，用名词，所以填 attraction.

9.(2016· 高 考 全 国 卷 Ⅱ)Then ， handle the most important tasks first so you'll feel a real sense of (achieve)．

【答案】achievement

【解析】考查名词。此处的“a real sense of”意为：一种真正的…；通常用作定语来修饰名词；而此处 achieve 的名词形式。故填 achievement.

(2016·高考全国卷Ⅲ)Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius，who lived from roughly 551 to

479 B．C.，influenced the (develop) of chopsticks.

【答案】development

【解析】考查词性的变化。the＋名词＋of，意为“……的……”，这里指“筷子的发展”，故填 development.

三、名词专项综合训练（本题共 10 小题，每题 1.5 分，共 15 分）

Everyone desires to succeed.However,there is no shortcut to _______1____(succeed). We have to make good______2_____(prepare) and keep on trying before we finally achieve our ____3______(goal).Take Steve Jobs as an example.He dropped out of university in his _____4_____(twenty) ， but he always attended many_____5___(class) and grabbed every chance to study.When he designed the _____6_______(product) of iPod and iPhone，he made great _______7____(effort) to realize his ideas.He suffered one_____8___(fail)after another before he eventually succeeded.

Just as the _____9_______(say) goes， “Rome was not built in a day.” If you want to succeed，you have to keep on trying your____10_______( idea) and never give up.

1.【答案】success

【解析】考查词性的变化。句意：成功没有捷径。句式 There is no short cut to 中，to 是介词，故填 success.

2.【答案】preparations

【解析】考查词性的变化。句意：我们需要做好充分准备。考查短语 make good preparations 做好充分准备。

故填 preparations.

3.【答案】goals

【解析】考查可数名词复数的变化。句意：我们必须做好充分准备，并继续努力，然后我们最终实现我们

的目标。可数名词 goal 的复数是规则变化，故填 goals.

4.【答案】twenties

【解析】考查可数名词复数的变化。句意：他在二十几岁的时候辍学。短语 in one’s twenties 在某人二十几

岁的时候，故填 twenties.

5.【答案】classes

【解析】考查可数名词复数的变化。句意：但他总是参加各种课程，抓住每一个学习的机会。class 是以字

母  s 结尾，在词尾加 es,故填 classes. 6.【答案】products

【解析】考查可数名词复数的变化。根据语境产品不止一种，故填 products.

7.【答案】efforts

【解析】考查可数名词复数的变化。句意：他为实现他的想法作出了很大努力。短语 make an effort 或者 make

great efforts 付出努力，故填 efforts.

8.【答案】failure

【解析】考查词性变化。句意：他在成功之前，遭受了一次又一次的失败。动词 suffer 后面需要接名词作宾

语，故填 failure.

9.【答案】saying

【解析】考查词性变化。句意：俗话说，罗马建成非一日之功。saying 是名词，“谚语，俗语”，故填 saying.

10.【答案】ideas

【解析】考查可数名词复数变化。句意：如果你想成功，你必须继续尝试你的想法，永远不要放弃。Idea

复数是规则变化，故填 ideas.