2022届高考英语一轮复习（新教材人教版）课时练习选择性必修第三册　Unit 3　Environmental Protection学案

这是一份2022届高考英语一轮复习（新教材人教版）课时练习选择性必修第三册　Unit 3　Environmental Protection学案，共10页。

选择性必修第三册　Unit 3　Environmental Protection
阅读·提速练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2021·江苏徐州联考)
The Booking Notes of the Play “The Age of Innocence”
Price：$10
DISCOUNTS：
Saver：$2 off any seat booked any time in advance for performances from Monday to Thursday.Savers are available for children under 16，over 60s and full-time students.
Supersaver：Half-price seats are available for people with disabilities and one companion.It is advisable to book in advance.There is a maximum of eight wheelchair spaces available and one wheelchair space will be held until an hour before the show.
Standby：Best available seats are on sale for $6 from one hour before the performance for people eligible (suitable) for Saver and Supersaver discounts and thirty minutes before for all other customers.
Group Bookings：There is a ten percent discount for parties of twelve or more.
School：School parties of ten or more can book $6 standby tickets in advance and will get every tenth ticket free.
Please note：We are unable to exchange tickets or refund(退款) money unless a performance is cancelled due to unforeseen circumstances.
BOOKING：
There are four easy ways to book seats for performance：
—In person：The Box Office is open Monday to Saturday,10 a．m.－8 p．m.
—By telephone：Ring 01324976 to reserve your tickets or to pay by credit card (Visa，MasterCard and Amex accepted)．
—By post：Simply complete the booking form and return it to Global Theatre Box Office.
—On line：Complete the on-line booking form at www.Satan fiedtheatre.com.
语篇解读　本文是一篇应用文。文章对预定电影《纯真年代》的情况进行了说明。

1．According to the notes，who can get$2 off?
A．A 55-year-old woman.
B．An 18-year-old teenager.
C．A 20-year-old full-time college student.
D．The people who book the tickets on Fridays.
答案　C
解析　细节理解题。根据“Saver：$2 off any seat booked any time in advance for performances from Monday to Thursday.Savers are available for children under 16，over 60s and full-time students.”可知，二十岁的全日制大学生可以获得减两美元的优惠。故选C。
2．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A．There are only 8 wheelchair spaces in the theatre.
B．A group of 12 persons can get 10 percent discount.
C．The audience can’t get refund money if the performance is on show.
D．A school party of 15 students should pay $90 for the standby tickets.
答案　D
解析　推理判断题。根据“School：School parties of ten or more can book $6 standby tickets in advance and will get every tenth ticket free.”可知，一个由15名学生组成的校团需要支付候补票的钱是：15*6=90元，90-6=84元，D选项表述错误。故选D。
3．What kind of tickets are the cheapest?
A．The standby tickets for school parties of ten or more.
B．The tickets for saver discount.
C．The tickets for group booking.
D．The standby tickets.
答案　A
解析　细节理解题。通过比较这几种票价可知，十人以上学校团体的候补票最便宜。故选A。
B
(2021·河北衡水联考)
The nine women of Bella Mondo win over yet another audience.The group is one of just a handful of all-women ensembles(乐队) in Ivory Coast.
It all started in 2007.Prisca Allou was a music student.A music producer came to see her.He said he wanted to make an all-female ensemble to keep a promise to his late mother.
Allou got on board and was charged with recruiting (招募) other members.“It wasn’t easy at first.Some parents were against it.You know，in Africa，the place of women is often seen as being either in an office or at home.That was the fixed image.” Allou spread the word and took out ads in local papers.Most of the girls she found were not professional players.“I just played some tamtam.I learned to play drums when I joined Bella Mondo，” one member said.The girls spent the next four years learning to play their instruments.Many gave up along the way，but eight of them soldiered on with Allou，and Bella Mondo was founded.
The band plays original songs and covers.Their music spans a wide range of styles：funk，reggae，pop music.They released their first album in 2013...and have performed in Paris，Dakar，Cotonou and，of course，here at home in Abidjan.
You can see them nearly every Thursday at this bar，the same place that gave the band its start years ago.“Oh yes，I was surprised at first.A woman singing，you see that every day，but an entire band，playing all the instruments and everything? It was extraordinary.I was dumbstruck.Bella Mondo is a great band，” one music fan said.The women are now working on their second album.
语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了科特迪瓦女子乐队突破社会传统取得成功的故事，并简单介绍了该乐队成立的过程。

4．Why did the music producer want to form a female ensemble?
A．To sponsor music students.
B．To comfort his mother.
C．To carry out his promise.
D．To win over an audience.
答案　C
解析　细节理解题。由第二段末句“He said he wanted to make an all-female ensemble to keep a promise to his late mother.”可知，这名音乐制作人为了履行对已故母亲的承诺而成立了这个女子乐队。故选C。
5．Which of the following made it hard for Allou to recruit band members?
A．The band charged too much.
B．A number of parents didn’t support it.
C．Most women prefer to work in a government office.
D．African women are not allowed to leave their homes.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。由第三段的“It wasn’t easy at first.Some parents were against it.You know，in Africa，the place of women is often seen as being either in an office or at home.”可知，起初招聘不容易，在非洲女孩子的固定形象就是坐办公室或待在家里，因此一些家长反对成立女子乐队，这是造成Allou组建乐队困难的原因之一。故选B。
6．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about?
A．What Allou experienced.
B．How Bella Mondo was founded.
C．Why most girls gave up halfway.
D．How the girls learned to play instruments.
答案　B
解析　段落大意题。通读第三段可知，本段讲述了负责招聘的Allou通过在报纸上登广告招聘成员，以及最后乐队成立了。由此可知，本段主要讲述了Bella Mondo 乐队的诞生过程。故选B。
7．What does the underlined word “dumbstruck” probably mean in the last paragraph?
A．Astonished. B．Amused.
C．Determined. D．Satisfied.
答案　A
解析　词义猜测题。 根据最后一段中的“Oh yes，I was surprised at first.A woman singing，you see that every day，but an entire band，playing all the instruments and everything? It was extraordinary...Bella Mondo is a great band”可知，出乎意料的是该女子乐队的演出取得了空前的成功，所以说话者感到很震惊。故选A。
C
(2021·湖南衡阳质检)
Some cities and lawmakers are resisting crime-fighting tech owing to bias(偏见) and accuracy concerns.Police departments around the U．S.are asking citizens to trust them to use facial recognition software as a handy tool in their crime-fighting toolbox.But some lawmakers—and even some technology giants—are against it.
Take the western Massachusetts city of Springfield，where many residents are Latino or black.Springfield police say they have no plans to use facial recognition systems，but some City Council members are moving to block any future government use of the technology anyway.
At an October hearing on the subject，Springfield City Councilman，Orlando Ramos，defended the technology.“The facial recognition technology does not drop a net from the sky and put you to prison，” he said，noting that it could serve as a useful investigative tool.However，he doesn’t want to take any risks.“It would only lead to more racial discrimination，” he said，citing studies that found higher error rates for facial recognition software used to identify women and people with darker skins.
Similar debates across the country are highlighting racial issues and concerns about the technology’s accuracy.Axon，which supplies body-worn cameras nationwide，had already formed an artificial intelligence ethics board(伦理委员会) that concluded facial recognition technology isn’t yet dependable enough to justify its use on police cameras.Axon Chief Executive Rick Smith said，“Even if facial recognition software was perfectly accurate，the ability to track people raises privacy concerns.”“Do we want everybody who walks near a police officer to get their face identified and logged in a database？” he said.
Nevertheless，Todd Pastorini，general manager at biometric forensics(生物取证) company DataWorks Plus，said it’s the “extremely effective” method of running images through photos to help identify a suspect.“Society and the public are going to get frustrated，if governments refuse to adopt a technology that keeps improving，”he said.In his eyes，facial recognition hits are just one part of an investigation.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国警察部门要求用面部识别软件进行犯罪打击，但一些立法者和科技巨头对此提出了反对意见，因为在某些州内，该软件对于识别肤色较深的人和女性的错误率更高，而且还有可能引起个人隐私问题。但也有人提出面部识别只是调查中的一部分，如果拒绝采用这一不断进步的技术，社会和公众将会感到沮丧。

8．What is Orlando Ramos’ attitude towards facial recognition?
A．Hopeful. B．Cautious.
C．Ambiguous. D．Tolerant.
答案　B
解析　推理判断题。根据第三段可知，Orlando认为可以将这个软件作为一个有用的调查工具，但他也不愿意冒任何的风险，因为这个软件很有可能导致更多的种族歧视，研究发现面部识别软件识别女性和肤色较深的人时错误率更高。由此可知，Orlando对这个软件持谨慎态度。故选B。
9．What is one focus of the debates about facial recognition?
A．Gender discrimination.
B．Speed limit.
C．Accuracy rate.
D．Steadiness control.
答案　C
解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Similar debates across the country are highlighting racial issues and concerns about the technology’s accuracy.”可知，类似的争辩都突显了种族问题和对该技术准确性的担忧。由此可知，现在争辩的关注点之一是识别的准确度。故选C。
10．What does Rick Smith think of facial recognition?
A．It appears to cause prejudice.
B．It brings about privacy concerns.
C．Its technology is reliable.
D．Its accuracy needs improving.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Axon Chief Executive Rick Smith said，‘Even if facial recognition software was perfectly accurate，the ability to track people raises privacy concerns.’”可知，这会引发一些隐私方面的问题。故选B。
11．What can we learn from the passage?
A．Facial recognition tool meets with resistance.
B．All the people disapprove of facial recognition.
C．Facial recognition is the only tool of investigation.
D．Governments should ban facial recognition.
答案　A
解析　推理判断题。文章前两段提到，一些立法者甚至科技巨头都反对这项技术的使用，而且一些州的议会成员阻止政府使用这项技术，说明面部识别技术在推广上遭到了阻碍。故选A。
D
(2021·江苏镇江四校联考)
“Regrets are often painful.A study suggests that some people can overcome them，” said Jiawei Zhang，a psychology graduate at the University of California.“But this isn’t the case for everyone，” he said.
The researchers wondered why some people report feeling improvement from regrets but others don’t.Does it lie in how people approach their regrets?
In the study，the researchers focused on self-compassion(自我同情) as a potential factor in why some people have an easier time leaving their regrets behind them.
400 people attended an experiment.First，they were asked to write about their biggest regret.Half wrote something they did but wish they hadn’t done; the other half wrote something they didn’t do but wish they had.Then，the participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups：self-compassion，self-esteem and a control group.The self-esteem group was asked to respond by “talking to yourself about this regret from the aspect of confirming your positive qualities”．
The control group was asked to write about their favorite hobby rather than their regret.Then，they were asked about their feelings of forgiveness，acceptance and personal improvement following the exercise.
They found that the self-compassion group reported greater feelings of acceptance，forgiveness and personal improvement，compared with the control group and the self-esteem group.In other words，focusing on your best qualities is not what helps you feel better about a regret.Rather，being compassionate toward yourself is what may make a difference，the researchers found.
It’s possible that people who practice self-compassion are able to confront their regrets and see what went wrong，so they can make a better choice in the future，Zhang told Live Science.Self-compassion pushes people to accept their regret instead of running away from it.
The researchers used an example of this from a previous study on breast cancer patients who were asked to try thinking about their treatment in a positive light before it began.The women who did so reported greater feelings of personal growth later on.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，自我同情有助于人们更好地处理自己“后悔”的感受。

12．What does the underlined word “confront” in Paragraph 7 mean?
A．Handle. B．Forget.
C．Ignore. D．Show.
答案　A
解析　词义猜测题。文章第二段最后一句“Does it lie in how people approach their regrets？”提出问题，下文通过实验回答了这个问题。故第七段中的“It’s possible that people who practice self-compassion are able to confront their regrets and see what went wrong...”画线单词意思应和approach一致，意为“处理”。故A选项正确。
13．What were the students in the self-esteem group asked to do?
A．Think of a way out.
B．Write about their regrets.
C．Record their favorite hobbies.
D．Treat their regrets in positive ways.
答案　D
解析　推理判断题。由第四段最后一句可知，该组人被要求从肯定自己好的品质这个角度来和自己谈一谈自己的后悔。由此可知，他们被要求用积极的态度来对待自己后悔的事。故D选项正确。
14．Why were the participants asked about their good qualities?
A．To cover up their regrets.
B．To see if they have weaknesses.
C．To see if they have self-compassion.
D．To help them feel better about their regrets.
答案　D
解析　推理判断题。由倒数第三段最后两句的内容可知，该研究最终发现，专注于你的好品质并不能帮助你感觉更好。相反，自我同情才可以发挥作用，使你感觉更好。由此可推知，在试验中，参与者被要求关注自己的好品质，其目的是想使他们感觉好点。故D选项正确。
15．What was the aim of mentioning the researchers’ study on breast cancer patients?
A．To show the method of the research.
B．To show the value of the acceptance.
C．To show the truth of people’s feeling.
D．To show the difficulty of the research.
答案　B
解析　推理判断题。由最后一段可知，这些乳腺癌患者被要求在治疗开始之前就从积极的角度来考虑治疗。这样做的病人后来的确报告感觉好多了。由此可推知，当你在心理上接受某种事物时，你对它的感觉确实要好很多，更容易接受它。这体现了接受的作用。故B选项正确。
Ⅱ.七选五
(2021·浙江杭州质检)
To shoot a scene of people eating food，you need two different perspectives(角度)．To record a bus journey to school，you need three quick cuts.To complete this short，morning rush-hour video blog—or “vlog”—you need four pieces of music. 1
With more than 90 million vlogs available online，and 2,000 posted every hour on the YouTube video-sharing site，CBS News says they are mainstream with people born after 1995.
2 More young Chinese people have become inspired to grab a camera and recount the details of their day on Sina Weibo，Bilibili or WeChat Moments.
“The most important thing about vlogging is to tell a good story.Other visual effects are auxiliary(辅助的)，” wrote US vlogger Casey Neista，who has almost 10 million subscribers on YouTube.
Chinese vlogger Wang Xiaoguang is an example of a good storyteller.In one of his popular vlog posts，Wang tells the story of traveling to Japan.While there，he took a ride in the wrong direction and got lost.Worse，he forgot to bring a phone charger. 3
Another key aspect of vlogs is that the content is based on everyday life，according to Ouyang Nana,18，a young Chinese musician.She documents her life at Berklee College of Music.Ordinary as vlogs are，as many as 15 million fans share her wows and woes(喜怒哀乐) on a daily basis.
4 Peng Yixuan，a news reporter with China Daily，recorded her first experience attending and reporting on the two sessions in March of this year.With a relaxed，chatty and personal approach，she presented the conferences，“bringing more warmth” to the grand political event，according to People’s Daily.
There are popular vlogs for beauty，gaming，fashion，food and travel.Vloggers are learning new ways to experience the thrill of them. 5 Then what are you waiting for? Grab a camera!
A．They come from all walks of life.
B．However，he didn’t take the number of his hotel.
C．Vlogging has taken China by storm over the past year.
D．Some other popular vloggers choose to show their careers.
E．Vlogs pave the way for future advertising and sales campaigns.
F．Luckily he was able to borrow money from a stranger and escape trouble.
G．Vloggers have these techniques in mind as they film their daily activities.
语篇解读　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了当前在年轻人中非常流行的短视频——Vlog，从明星到普通人，大家都在用短视频记录自己的日常生活，可以说，全民Vlog时代已经来临。

1．答案　G
解析　设空句为段末句，可总结本段主旨大意。根据前文内容可知，本段在讲述一些拍摄技巧。选项G“视频记录者在记录他们的日常活动时，脑海中已经有了这些技术”是对以上内容的概括总结，符合语境。故选G项。
2．答案　C
解析　设空句为段首句，为本段中心主题句。根据后文内容可知，本段在讲述短视频拍摄对中国的影响。选项C “在过去的一年里，短视频拍摄席卷中国”贴合主题。故选C项。
3．答案　F
解析　本段主要讲述了中国短视频博主王晓光去日本旅游的故事。选项F“幸运的是，他能够向一个陌生人借到钱，摆脱了麻烦”承接上文，适合作为这个故事的结局。故选F项。
4．答案　D
解析　设空句在段首，应是本段中心主题句。根据后文内容主要讲述了记者彭译萱的工作经历可知，选项D“其他一些流行的视频博主选择展示他们的职业生涯”贴合本段主题。故选D项。
5．答案　A
解析　根据上文“There are popular vlogs for beauty，gaming，fashion，food and travel.”可知，视频包含各种不同的领域。选项A“他们来自各行各业”恰当地总结了前文内容，符合语境。故选A项。