备战2022 中考英语 导练案 考点38 短文填空之自由填空学案

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考点38 短文填空之自由填空
把语法知识测试全部放在语篇中进行，旨在考查考生在语篇中综合运用语言知识的能力。它不但要求考生有扎实的词汇、语法等基础知识和对句型结构的灵活运用能力，而且还要求考生有良好的语感和一定的阅读理解能力。
自由填空是中考短文填空中难度最大的，这种题目因题型的开放性和综合性而备受关注。试题特点是一篇短文挖空8—10个单词，且没有任何提示，让考生根据短文内容自由填词，难度较大，主观性较强，有时可能出现多种答案。
二、满分技巧
1. 解题步骤：
（1）快速浏览，了解大意。对于简单把握的空，可以先填出来；
（2）上下求索，填出答案。根据上下文及空格前后的逻辑关系，填出正确的词以及正确的形式；
（3）通读全文，检查确认。特别要注意，根据文章意思，有些空是否要加入否定前缀。
无提示词的空格一般需要填入冠词、代词、介词、连词（并列连词和从属连词）等虚词。
（1）名词前面一般用冠词、代词或介词等。
（2）如果需要填入代词，就要考虑到是人称代词的主格、宾格或物主代词的变化、指示代词的用法；
（3）并列的两个或多个单词，短语，或句子之间设空，一般填入并列连词and, but, or等；
（4）两句之间，如果不是并列句，则很可能是主从句，因此需要填入从属连词（what,which, who, how, when等）。或者是宾语从句，定语从句或者是状语从句的连接词。这种空格需要同学们根据句子结构，分析到底是什么从句，从而选择合适的从属连词。

A
下文是是关于以良好习惯开始青少年生活的小贴士（tips)，请根据上下文，把短文填充完整，每空一词。
Tips for teenagers
Step 1: Be active in class
Giving a speech in class might be___71___ but it helps to make you feel more confident(自信）. It's OK___72___ you give the wrong answer. All smart students do and your classmates won't really care.
Step 2: Getting enough rest
People can't ___73___ well when they are tired. Make sure you get enough sleep and take study breaks.
Step 3: Develop healthy habits
Starting your young life ___74___good habits helps you have a healthy future. Do some exercise and eat healthy___75___.
【答案】71. difficult 72. if 73. work／study／do 74. with 75. food
【解析】本文是关于以良好习惯开始青少年生活的建议：课上要活跃；要有足够的休息；养成健康的习惯。
【71题详解】
句意：在课堂上演讲可能很难，但它有助于让你感到更自信.
连词but前后表示转折关系，but后表示在课上做演讲的好处，因此but前表示在课上做演讲的困难，作为系动词be的表语，用形容词，故填difficult。
【72题详解】
句意：如果你回答错了，也没关系。
根据“All smart students do and your classmates won't really care.”可知，聪明的学生都这么做（犯错误），你的同学不会真的在乎。因此如果回答错了，也没有关系。故填if。
73题详解】
句意：人们累了就不能很好地工作或学习或做事。
根据“Make sure you get enough sleep and take study breaks.”可知，确保你有足够的睡眠和学习休息。因此人们累了就不能很好地工作，学习或做事。故填work／study／do。
【74题详解】
句意：从小养成好习惯能帮助你拥有健康的未来。
start …with…用……开始……，用好习惯开始，with good habits。故填with。
【75题详解】
句意：做一些运动，吃健康的食物。
根据“Develop healthy habits”和“eat”可知，要养成健康的习惯，因此要吃健康的食物，故填food。
B
Last Saturday, I went out to see a film after supper. On my ____36____ to the cinema, I met an Englishman. He looked puzzled (茫然的). So I walked up to him and said ____37____ to him. His first____38____ was Kevin. I asked if I could help him. He told me he got ____39____. He couldn’t find his way to the hotel. So I gave up____40____ the film and took him to his hotel. While going there, I told him the great changes that had taken place ____41____ my hometown in the past few years. Kevin told me ____42____ interesting about his country.
Though I didn’t see____43____ film, I felt very happy. I had not only helped Kevin get out of trouble, ____44____ also practiced my spoken English. I also realized that if I had not worked ____45____ at English, I would not have been able to help Kevin.
【答案】36. way
37. hello/hi
38. name 39. lost
40. watching/seeing
41. in 42. something
43. the 44. but
45. hard
【解析】
文章讲述了在上个星期六，作者在去看电影的途中遇到了一位迷路的英国人，所以作者放弃了去看电影，带着这位英国人到了他所住的酒店。两人不停地谈了一路，虽然没有看成电影，但作者很高兴，因为作者不仅帮了这位英国人还练习了英语口语。
【36题详解】
句意：我在去电影院的路上遇到了一个英国人。此处考查固定短语on one's way to “在去……的路上”。故填way。
【37题详解】
句意：所以我走到他跟前跟他打招呼。根据“I walked up to him”可知，此处应该是过去跟他打招呼，say hello/hi to sb. 给某人打招呼。故填hello/hi。
【38题详解】
句意：他的名字叫凯文。根据“Kevin”可知，这是这位英国人的名字。first name“名字”。故填name。
【39题详解】
句意：他告诉我他迷路了。根据“He couldn’t find his way to the hotel.”判断，凯文是迷路了。get lost迷路。故填lost。
【40题详解】
句意：所以我放弃了看电影，带他去了旅馆。根据“took him to his hotel.”可知，作者是放弃了看电影。看电影：watch/see a film。give up doing sth. 放弃做某事。故填watching/seeing。
【41题详解】
句意：我告诉他过去几年我家乡发生的巨大变化。此处应该填一个介词，在我的家乡：in my hometown。故填in。
【42题详解】
句意：凯文告诉我一些关于他的国家的有趣的事。根据“Kevin told me…interesting about his country.”可知，此处应该填一个复合不定代词，又是肯定陈述句，因此填something；something interesting“一些有趣的事”。故填something。
【43题详解】
句意：虽然我没有看成电影，但我感到非常高兴。根据“I went out to see a film after supper.”可知，此处是指上文提到的电影，因此用定冠词the。故填the。
【44题详解】
句意：我不仅帮助凯文摆脱了困境，而且还练习了我的英语口语。此处考查连词not only…but also…“不但……而且……”。故填but。
【45题详解】句意：我也意识到，如果我不努力学习英语，我就无法帮助凯文。此处的work是动词，因此用副词修饰，work hard“努力学习”。故填hard。
C
Mozart is one of the greatest composers who ever lived. He was born in 1756. When Mozart was three years old. He learned to play ___54___ harpsichord, which is a kind of piano. Mozart began to compose his own music at the age of five, and his father took him all over Europe to perform for kings and queens when he was still a child.
Mozart could write down a piece of music ___55___ if he had only heard it once. One day he went to hear a group of people singing in a big church in Rome. The song was very special. It was ___56___ only once a year and only in the church. No one else was allowed to have the music. Mozart listened to the song. Although it was very difficult and long, Mozart went back home and wrote down the ___57___ piece from memory. The head of the church heard about this, ___58___ of being angry with Mozart, he gave him a prize.
When Mozart grew up, people were not as interested in him ___59___ before. He worked as a ___60___ and a pianist, he taught people how to play the harpsichord, but he did not make much money. In 1791, he died at the age of thirty-five. He was so poor that there was not enough money for him to have a proper grave. No one knows ___61___ he is buried.
【答案】54. the
55. even 56. sung
57. whole 58. instead
59. as 60. teacher
61. where
【解析】这是一篇记叙文，文章讲述莫扎特的生平事迹以及他听一次就能写下整段音乐的音乐天赋。
【54题详解】
句意：他学会弹奏大键琴，大键琴是钢琴一种。
根据harpsichord可知此处是一种乐器，前面需用定冠词the。故答案为the。
【55题详解】
句意：莫扎特能写下一段音乐，即使他只听过一次这段音乐。
此处用连词even if引导让步状语从句，表示“即使”。故答案为even。
【56题详解】
句意：这首歌人们只唱了仅仅一年，只允许在教堂唱。
根据“a group of people singing in a big church”可知此处表达这首歌被人们唱，用一般过去时的被动was sung。故答案为sung。
【57题详解】
句意：虽然这首歌很难很长，但是莫扎特回到家就凭记忆写出了整首歌。
piece前缺形容词修饰，此处用the whole表示“整个的，全部的”。故答案为whole。
【58题详解】
句意：教堂的首领听说此消息，没有对莫扎特生气，而是给他一个奖励。
根据“he gave him a prize”可知此处表示的是否定，用instead of doing表示“而不是”。故答案为instead。
【59题详解】
句意：当莫扎特长大之后，人们不再像以前那样对他感兴趣。
此处用“not as…as…”表示“不再像……那样……”，此处用as before。故答案为as。
60题详解】
句意：他做一个老师和钢琴家，他教人们怎样弹奏大键琴，但是他没有赚多少钱。
根据“he taught people how to play the harpsichord”可知他的工作是老师，根据a可知此处用单数名词teacher。故答案为teacher。
【61题详解】句意：没有人知道他被埋在什么地方。
动词knows后面是宾语从句，根据buried可知此处指的是地点，用where。故答案为where。
D
As we all face the novel coronavirus (新型冠状病毒), protecting yourself is the same as protecting others. Here is some safety ___54___ for you from the World Health Organization (WHO) to help prevent the coronavinus.
Stay away from crowds and wear masks
The virus can spread from person to person. If you have to go to crowded places, remember to wear a mask. Keep at least one meter of distance between ___55___ and others, especially those who are coughing or sneezing.
Why? The coronavirus can be spread through mucus droplets (粘液飞沫) and travel one to two meters in the air before falling to the ground. The droplets can be spread ___56___ by sneezing or coughing than by speaking. If you are too close, you can take in the virus. Wearing a mask can prevent droplets from reaching your face or mouth.
Open the window to ventilate (通风) the room
Keep proper indoor ventilation while you're at home. Open windows to let in fresh air during the day. It's best to do this three times a day for 15 minutes to half an hour each time.
Why? According to the research, indoor air is often more polluted than outdoor air. The simple act of opening a window even in cold weather can reduce the pollution. Therefore, keep the window open, ___57___ you may catch the virus when it builds up to a certain amount.
Keep up good habits
Still, it's necessary for you to keep healthy habits such as eating a balanced and exercising often, as well as getting ___58___ sleep.
Why? Doing these things can ___59___your immune system (免疫系统), making it less likely for you to catch the virus. Good habits are directly related to fewer illnesses and better health.
Wash hands properly
Remember to wash your hands before eating, after going to the bathroom, coming home, coming into contact with rubbish and touching animals. Avoid ___60___ your eyes, nose and mouth before washing your hands.
Why? Your hands might touch surfaces that can be polluted by the virus. This is especially important when you open doors which have been used by quite a few people. Washing your hands often ___61___ soap and water for at least 20 seconds can stop the virus from entering your body.
54. ________
55. ________
56. ________
57. ________
58. ________
59. ________
60. ________
61. ________
【答案】54. advice
55. you 56. more easily
57. or 58. enough
59. strengthen
60. touching
61. with
【解析】
本文是说明文。文章主要针对预防新冠肺炎提出的几个建议。
【54题详解】
句意：以下是世界卫生组织(WHO)为您提供的一些预防冠状病毒的安全建议。
根据下文“Stay away from crowds and wear masks ”和Keep up good habits”等可知是针对新冠肺炎的预防提出的一些建议，结合空前“Here is some safety”可知此处填不可数名词advice表示“建议”。故填advice。
【55题详解】
句意：与他人保持至少一米的距离，尤其是咳嗽或打喷嚏的人。
根据前面“If you have to go to crowded places, remember to wear a mask.”可知主语是you，故后面说的是你要和别人保持距离。故填you。
【56题详解】
句意：比起说话，打喷嚏或咳嗽更容易传播飞沫。
根据常识可知打喷嚏或者咳嗽的力度会大于说话，因此传播飞沫会更容易，且句中有than，说明要用比较级,修饰be spread用副词easily的比较级。故填more easily。
【57题详解】
句意；因此，保持窗口打开，否则当病毒积累到一定数量时，您可能会感染病毒。
根据题意可知前面要人保持窗户打开是对人的警告，意思是如果不开窗透气的话就有可能感染病毒，所以我们需要用在警告中的or 来表示否则。故填or。
【58题详解】
句意：而且，保持健康的生活习惯是很有必要的，比如饮食平衡，经常锻炼，睡眠充足。
根据“Keep up good habits ”和常识可知好的生活习惯和健康的生活是要保证充足的睡眠的，故此处应填enough。故填enough。
【59题详解】
句意：做这些事情可以增强你的免疫系统，降低你感染病毒的可能性。
根据“making it less likely for you to catch the virus”可知是增强免疫系统就会降低感染的风险，故此处可用strength来表达增强。故填strengthen。
【60题详解】
句意：洗手前避免接触眼睛、鼻子和嘴巴。
根据“coming into contact with rubbish and touching animals”可知当你的手触摸过垃圾或者动物时是不能摸自己的眼睛鼻子嘴巴的，因为这样细菌就会进入人体，故此处填触摸touch，且前面是avoid，后面加动名词。故填touching。
【61题详解】
句意：经常用肥皂和水洗手至少20秒可以阻止病毒进入你的身体。
根据常识可知是用肥皂和水洗手，用工具之类的东西，我们一般用with来表达。故填with.

A（2020 •吉林省）
(b) 根据短文内容，补全下面的语段，每空一词。
New Greeting Ways
The novel coronavirus has made a big difference ___61___ our lives. In many countries, it has also changed the ___62___ people greet each other. To help stop the spread of coronavirus, people give up their usual greeting styles and invent safe ways. Let's ___63___ at them.
In France and Italy, people learn to use their ___64___ to greet people instead of kissing or hugging. In Iran, people try to shake ___65___ rather than shake hands. An official from the WHO gives us three suggestions: waving hands, Thai "wai" and bumping elbows.
What do you think of these new greetings?
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了在新冠病毒影响下，各个国家发明了新的、更为安全的问候方式。
61. to【解析】句意：新型冠状病毒给我们的生活产生了巨大的影响。
根据语境可知，新冠病毒给我们的生活产生了巨大的影响， make a difference to对……有影响，固定短语。故答案为to。
62. way (s) /style (s) 【解析】句意：在许多国家，它也改变了人们互相问候的方式。
根据下文“To help stop the spread of coronavirus, people give up their usual greeting styles and invent safe ways”可知，新冠病毒的爆发改变了人们互相问候的方式。way、style均有“方式”的意思，均为可数名词，此处用其单复数形式均可。故答案为way (s) /style (s)。
63. look【解析】句意：让我们看看它们。根据下文列举的“In France and Italy…”人们之间问候的方式可知，此处应为“让我们看看这些问候的方式”。look看，动词，其中let sb do sth让某人做某事，故此处应用其原形。故答案为look。
64. eyes【解析】句意：在法国和意大利，人们学会用眼睛问候别人，而不是亲吻或拥抱。
根据文章内容可知，在法国和意大利，人们学会了用眼睛来问候他人。句中空前their为形容词性物主代词，其后应接名词。eye眼睛，可数名词，此处应用其复数形式。故答案为eyes。
65. feet【解析】句意：在伊朗，人们试图摇脚而不是握手。
根据文章内容可知，伊朗人现在尝试着摇脚，而不是握手。foot脚，此处应用其复数形式。故答案为feet。B（2020 •吉林省）
某校计划举行一次文艺表演活动，负责人Sandy向全校同学发出邀请。请根据下面的海报，帮助Jack和Alice补全其回复的内容，每空一词。
Students Wanted for School Show
Time: From 3 p.m. to 5 p.m.
Friday, August 28th
Place: In the school music hall
Email: Sandy0717@qq. com
Come and show us!

Dear Sandy,
I am happy to get the information about the school show on ___71___, August 28th. I want to ___72___ in it. I'm good at singing and I can play the guitar, ___73___. Could I get a chance please?
Looking forward to your reply!
Jack

Dear Sandy,
I'd like to take part in the school show in the music ___74___. I'm in the school band. I can play the drums. And I can also dance. I really hope to ___75___ myself. Can I be a member?
Please reply to me soon.
Alice

【答案】71. Friday 72. join /be 73. too 74. hall
75. show /enjoy /challenge /improve /relax
这是一则学校的海报，介绍了学校演出活动的时间、地点、联系方式并号召大家参加。杰克和爱丽丝想要参加演出，写信给桑迪介绍自己的才能 。
71. Friday【解析】句意：很高兴得知学校演出将在8月28日周五举行。
根据“Friday, August 28th”可知举办的时间是周五，此处填Friday。故答案为Friday。
72. join /be【解析】句意：我想要参加。
表示“想要做某事”用动词短语want to do，此处表示“加入”用join in或者be in。故答案为join/be。
73. too【解析】句意：我擅长唱歌，而且我也会玩吉他。
此处是肯定句，放在句末表示“也”用副词too。故答案为too。
74. hall【解析】句意：我想要参加在音乐厅举行的学校演出。
根据“Place: In the school music hall”可知地点状语是在音乐厅，此处用名词hall。故答案为hall。
75. show /enjoy /challenge /improve /relax
【解析】句意：我真的很希望展示我自己/玩得开心/挑战自己/提升自己/放松自己。
表示“希望做某事”用动词短语hope to do，此处填动词原形。根据“school show”及“I'm in the school band. I can play the drums. And I can also dance”可知此处可以用动词show表示“展示自己的才能”；或者enjoy oneself表示“玩得开心”；或者challenge表示“挑战自己” ；或者improve表示“提升自己”；或者relax表示“让自己放松”。故答案为show/enjoy/challenge/ improve/relax。
C（2020 •河南省）
One day, I was reading my favorite magazine. My little girl 46． playing around me, which made my reading impossible. To get some peace, I tried a trick 47． keep her busy for a little while. I took a page out from my magazine with a printed map on it. I cut the map into pieces and handed them over to her, asking her to put those pieces together and make 48． complete map again.
But within several minutes, she was standing49． front of me with a perfect map in her little hands. Surprised, I asked her how she did it so quickly and easily.
She smiled and said." Oh, Dad,50． is a man's face on the other side of the map. I just tried to make his face completely."
Then she turned and ran outside to play, leaving me eyes wide and mouth open.

Word Bank
trick 把戏

文章讲述了作者一天在看杂志，孩子在旁边玩，作者为了让孩子能安静一会儿，把杂志上的一页地图取下来弄碎让孩子再拼回去，而不一会儿小女孩就拼好了，作者感到很惊讶，原来地图的背面是一张人脸，女孩只是拼好了人脸，所以地图也拼好了。
46．was【解析】句意：我在看我最喜欢的杂志，我的小女儿在我身边玩耍。根据句意理解及前句中的I was reading my favorite magazine可知，这里表达的是“我正在……”，前面用的是过去进行时，所以这里也用过去进行时，空格后面是ing形式，且句子主语是单数名词，所以这里应该用was，47．to
故答案为was。
47．to【解析】句意：我耍了个花招让她忙一会儿。根据句意理解可知，这里表达的是“为了……”，英语中用不定式来表示目的状语，所以空格应该用to，故答案为to。
48．a【解析】句意：我把地图弄成碎片，交给她，让她把这些碎片拼在一起，再做成一张完整的地图。
根据句意理解可知，这里表达的是“一张完整的地图”，空格表达的是“一个”，英语是不定冠词a/ an，而空格后面的词是complete，是一个辅音音标开头的单词，所以这里应该用a，故答案为a。
49．in【解析】句意：但几分钟后，她就站在我面前，小手拿着一张完美的地图。根据句意理解可知，这里表达的是“在前面”，英语是in front of，表示在外部的前面，所以空格缺的是in，故答案为in。
50．there【解析】句意：哦，爸爸，地图的另一边有一张男人的脸。根据句意理解可知，这里表达的是“有……”，英语中表达“某地有某物”要用there be句型，所以这里应该用there，故答案为there。
D（2020 •湖南省岳阳市）

E）阅读填空 根据短文内容，在文中空格处填上一个恰当的词，使短文完整、通顺。

Road-side business has become a hot topic recently. Premier （总理）Li Keqiang once said that road-side business can reflect common people’s life lively.
Last weekend, 5 college students decided to taste the trade pattern and difficulties of life outside school ___41___ selling vegetables on the side of the road together.
In the morning, they had to ___42___ up at 3 o’clock. First, they went to the farm near the city to buy different ___43___ of vegetables. To reduce （减少） the cost, they learn to bargain （讲价） with the farmers. Then they went back to the city as soon as ___44___ to take up a street stall（摊位）.At about 6：30 a.m. after putting vegetables in order and nicer ones on top, they began to_____45_____ vegetables. They peddled （吆喝）loudly and actively to attract customers. When the vegetables were not sold out, they gave them ____46____ to homeless people. Two days ____47____ , they earned （挣得） about 300 yuan.
After this unusual experience, they shared their feelings with each _____48_____ . “We were tired, ____49____ we gained a lot. Compared with hanging out, such social practice makes us learn _____50_____ difficult it is to make money.” said Wang Wen, who came up with this idea.
最近，路边生意成为了一个热门话题。文章中五个大学生决定体验一下这种地摊生意模式，他们一起去路边摆摊卖菜。通过这个不寻常的经历，他们懂得了生活的不易。
41. by【解析】句意：上周末，5名大学生决定一起在路边卖菜，体验一下这种生意模式和生活的艰辛。
空后selling是动名词形式，结合句意可知，这5名大学生决定通过卖菜这种方式来体验路边生意。by是介词，意为“通过……方式”，符合语意，后面跟名词或动名词形式。故答案为by。
42. get【解析】句意：早上，他们必须在3点钟起床。根据句中提到的时间at 3 o’clock以及空后的up可知，这里考查的是get up这一短语，意为“起床”。空前had to意为“不得不，必须”，后面跟动词原形。故答案为get。
43. kinds【解析】句意：首先，他们去城市附近的农场买各种蔬菜。根据常识可知，一个摊位上总是卖很多种蔬菜，因此这里考查的是kind，意为“种类”。空前有different修饰，表示“不同的”，这里应用名词的复数形式。故答案为kinds。
44. possible【解析】句意：然后他们尽快回到城里，占领一个摊位。根据句意和句子结构可知，这里考查的是短语as…as possible，意为“尽可能……”，故答案为possible。
45. sell【解析】句意：大约在早上6点半，他们把蔬菜摆放整齐，把更好的放在上面，然后开始卖蔬菜。
根据上文“Last weekend, 5 college students decided to taste the trade pattern and difficulties of life outside school ___1___ selling vegetables on the side of the road together.”可知，这些大学生是在路边卖菜，因此摆放好了之后就开始卖菜了。这里考查sell，是一个动词，意为“卖”。句中使用了句型begin to do sth.“开始做某事”，因此这里用动词的原形。故答案为sell。
46. away【解析】句意：当蔬菜没有卖完的时候，他们就把它们都送给无家可归的人。give away捐赠，赠送。根据homeless people可知，这5名大学生非常有爱心，把卖不了的蔬菜捐赠给那些无家可归的人，故答案为away。
47. later【解析】句意：两天后，他们挣了大约300元。空前Two days是一段时间，结合句意可知，这里表示“两天后”，考查later，是一个副词，常放在一段时间的后面。故答案为later。
48. other【解析】句意：在这段不寻常的经历之后，他们彼此分享了自己的感受。根据句意和空前的each可知，这里考查each other，意为“互相，彼此”，符合语境。故答案为other。
49. but【解析】句意：“我们很累，但我们收获很多。”根据句意可知，空前的tired与空后gained a lot是转折的关系，因此这里考查的是but，是一个连词，意为“但是”，表示转折。故答案为but。
50. how【解析】句意：与闲逛相比，这样的社会实践让我们了解到赚钱是多么的困难。根据句中子结构可知，该空引导了一个宾语从句，作空前learn的宾语；空后difficult是形容词，因此应用how修饰，意为“多么”。故答案为how。
E（2020 •广东省）

五、短文填空
请用适当的词完成下面的短文，并把所缺单词填写在答题卡指定的位置上。每个空只能填写一个形式正确、意义相符的单词。
Jane is a warm-hearted girl. She is only ten years old, ____36____ she has big ideas of helping other kids.
Jane took part in a winter camp ____37____ the age of eight. During her stay in the camp, she went to visit some kids in poor areas. She felt sad that the kids there didn’t have new clothes to ____38____ and toys to play with. After she returned home, she kept thinking about ____39____ to do to help those kids.
One morning Jane saw some elder kids selling lemon juice by the street. They wanted to raise ____40____ to help their friends. Then she came up with an ____41____.
With the help of her mother, Jane ____42____ up her first lemonade stand (摊档). In a week, it made $52. Although it was only a ____43____ money, she helped 12 kids with it! She felt very excited when she saws smiles on ____44____ faces.
After that, her mother helped her start a program called Jane’s Lemonade for Love. Up till now, she has already raised ____45____ than $17,000! She is going to spend the money on clothes, toys and books for the poor kids.
文章大意：本文主要讲了一个热心的小女孩Jane在8岁时拜访一些贫困地区的孩子之后开始想办法帮助他们，她在妈妈的帮助下摆摊赚钱帮助贫困孩子，之后妈妈帮她开始了一个慈善项目，到目前为止，已经筹到多于一万七千美元，她打算用这些钱为贫困孩子们买衣服、玩具和书本。
36. but 【解析】句意：她只有十岁，但她有帮助其他孩子的伟大想法。
空前讲“她只有十岁”，空后讲“她有帮助其他孩子的伟大想法”，前后句意出现转折，用but表转折。故答案为but。
37. at 【解析】句意：简八岁时参加了一个冬令营。根据空后“the age of eight”可知此处用at the age of 表示“在……岁时”，是固定搭配。故答案为at。
38. wear【解析】句意：孩子们没有新衣服穿，没有玩具玩，她感到很伤心。分析句子结构可知此处用动词不定式作后置定语，结合空前“new clothes to ____”可推出是要穿的新衣服，用动词wear表示“穿”，与前面的to构成不定式。故答案为wear。
39. what【解析】句意：回家后，她一直在想该做些什么来帮助那些孩子。根据句意“她一直在想该做____来帮助那些孩子”可推出此处用what表示“什么”，此处是说该做些什么，what作do的宾语。故答案为what。
40. money【解析】句意：他们想筹集资金来帮助他们的朋友。结合题干中“raise ____ to help their friends”可推出此处用raise money表示“筹钱”，是固定搭配。故答案为money。
41. idea【解析】句意：然后她想出了一个主意。上文讲到她在想该做什么来帮助那些孩子，结合空前“came up with”可推出是想出一个主意，再由不定冠词an可知要填一个以元音音素开头的名词单数，由此可推出要用idea表示“主意”。故答案为idea。
42. set【解析】句意：在妈妈的帮助下，简摆起了自己的第一个柠檬水摊。根据题干中“her first lemonade stand”可推出此处是说建路边摊，结合空后“up”可知要用set up表示“建立”。故答案为set。
43. little【解析】句意：虽然只是一点钱，她却用这笔钱帮助了12个孩子！
根据题干中“ Although it was only a ____ money”可知句子是让步关系，由此可推出只是一点钱却帮了12个孩子，money是不可数名词，此处用a little表示“一点”。故答案为little。
44. their【解析】句意：当她看到他们脸上的笑容时，她感到非常兴奋。
根据上文“she helped 12 kids with it”可知此处是说孩子们脸上的笑容，用their表示“他们的”。故答案为their。
45. more【解析】句意：到目前为止，她已经筹集了超过17000美元！
根据题干中"has already raised”可知此处强调筹钱之多，结合空后“than”可推出要用more than表示“多于”。故答案为more。
F（2020 •重庆市A卷）

根据下面短文内容，在短文的空格处填上一个恰当的词，使短文完整、通顺。
We all want to live the life we dream of. However, at times, some negative (消极的) ideas may stop us. Hope the following suggestions can help to ignore those___54___ and go ahead.
Do What We Can Control
One thing we can control is doing what we can—eating healthily, exercising, reading and getting enough sleep. Doing the right things can help___55___ to achieve the most happiness. Also, it can make us move on in the___56___direction. However, we should also accept that there are many things we can't control.
Take Calculated (预料到的) Risks
Success doesn't come___57___risks. We all have to take risks in life, but try to make sure those risks are calculated. For example, you are working at a job that you hate, and you are dreaming of giving it up and ___58___ your own business. The thought is a start. But one day, you can't stand your job any more, so you leave it even though you haven't really had a plan. This is such a big risk that it will probably make you___59___want to take a risk again. So just start with a small risk.
Don't Be Afraid of Failure
Thomas Edison is one of the greatest inventors in history. However, he___60___many times. Did you know Edison created an electric pen? A ghost machine? Probably not. Well, that's because they were complete failures. But those failures put him one step___61___to success. Think of failures as milestones (里程碑) towards success.
【文章大意】
我们都想过我们梦想的生活，但有时候一些消极的想法会阻止我们前进。这篇短文中作者给我们提出了一些建议，告诉我们如何对待这些消极想法，让我们的生活继续前行，从而实现我们的梦想。
54. ideas【解析】句意：希望下面的建议能帮助你忽略这些想法，继续前行。
上句话“However, at times, some negative (消极的) ideas may stop us.”提到，一些消极的想法会阻止我们前进，这句话是告诉我们如何忽略那些想法，该空指代的是ideas。故答案为ideas。
55. us【解析】句意：做正确的事情可以帮助我们获得最大的幸福。
根据上句话“One thing we can control is doing what we can”可知，这个建议是让我做我们能做到的事情，使用的是第一人称we来叙述的，因此这里表示“可以帮助我们”，在句中作宾语，应用宾格形式。故答案为us。
56. right【解析】句意：同时，它可以让我们朝着正确的方向前进。
根据上文“Doing the right things can help ______ to achieve the most happiness. Also, it can make us move on in the ______ direction.”可知，这两句话介绍的是做正确的事情的好处。结合常识，我们做正确的事情，就能使我们朝着正确的方向前进，故答案为right。
57. without【解析】句意：成功不是没有风险的。
根据这一段的标题“Take Calculated (预料到的) Risks”以及下文“We all have to take risks in life”可知，我们要接受风险。因此这句话是表示“没有风险成功就不会到来”，这里考查without，是一个介词，意为“没有”，符合语境。故答案为without。
58. starting【解析】句意：例如，你正在做一份你讨厌的工作，你梦想着放弃它，开始自己的事业。
根据句意“you are working at a job that you hate, and you are dreaming of giving it up”，你讨厌你的工作，想要放弃它，根据常理，下面应该是开创自己的事业。start开始，是一个动词，符合语境。该空与前面的giving it up并列，也应用动名词形式。故答案为starting。
59. never【解析】句意：这是一个很大的风险，可能会让你永远不想再冒险。
根据上文“But one day, you can't stand your job any more, so you leave it even though you haven't really had a plan.”可知，在没有计划之前，就放弃了你的工作，这种冒险是不可取的，其结果是会让你永远不想再冒险。never“永远不，从不”，是否定副词，符合语境。故答案为never。
60. failed【解析】句意：然而，他失败了很多次。
这一段的标题是“Don't Be Afraid of Failure”“不要害怕失败”，文章以爱迪生为例，告诉我们即使伟大的人也经历了很多失败。根据句子结构可知，该空是句子的谓语动词，考查fail，且应用一般过去时态，这里填过去式。故答案为failed。
61. closer【解析】句意：但这些失败让他离成功又近了一步。
句子But表示转折，因此这里是想要告诉我们，失败并不是没有任何意义的，它是我们走向成功的里程碑。这里考查close to…“离……近”，且根据语境，失败的经历让我们离成功更近了，应用比较级形式。故答案为closer。
G（2020 •重庆市B卷）

根据下面短文内容, 在短文的空格处填上一个恰当的词, 使短文完整、通顺。
It's normal for the human mind to wander(走神). So many things may fill your mind and pull your thoughts in different directions. This isn't always ___54___. Sometimes a wandering mind can lead to a new creation. However, wandering thoughts can also stop you ___55___ getting things done, keep you up at night, or hurt your health. Don't worry. Try the following practice.
Doing Exercise and Activities
Slow down and let your mind focus(专注) on your breathing. By controlling your breathing, you bring your ___56___ to work together with your body. Once you lose interest in what you’re doing, you can take a break from it. Go for a walk, do some exercise, take a shower or even lie down and think about___57___. These activities help a lot.
Focusing on Tasks You're Doing
Do one task at a time, it won't slow you down. Instead, it keeps your mind focused and you’ll be able to get more done ___58___. While doing tasks, don't look around from time to time. If there's something keeping your mind wandering, allow yourself a specific(特定的）time to worry, think or plan. ___59___ the time is up, refocus on your next task.
Controlling Worrying Thoughts
Writing down or sharing your worries helps to get them out of your head. When there's a big task, it's understandable to put it off. But by ___60___ it bravely and trying to solve it, you can get away from your worrying thoughts. If it doesn't work after you've tried everything, ___61___that there are always things you can't change.
【文章大意】
本文主要讲的是有时候，走神可以带来新的创造；然而，走神也会妨碍你完成工作，让你夜不能寐，或者损害你的健康，并给出了改善走神的方法：做运动和活动；专注于你正在做的事情；控制焦虑的想法。
54. bad【解析】句意：这并不总是坏的。
分析句子，空出需要一个形容词作表语，根据“Sometimes a wandering mind can lead to a new creation.” （有时候，走神可以带来新的创造。）可知，走神并不总是坏事，bad坏的，故答案是bad。
55. from【解析】句意：然而，走神也会妨碍你完成工作，让你夜不能寐，或者损害你的健康。
stop sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事,固定短语，故答案是from。
56. mind【解析】句意：通过控制你的呼吸，让大脑与你的身体一起工作。
根据“Slow down and let your mind focus(专注) on your breathing.”（慢一点，让你的大脑集中到你的呼吸上）可知，这里指的是让大脑与身体一起运作，故答案是mind。
57. nothing【解析】句意：去散散步，做一些锻炼，洗个澡，甚至躺下来什么都不去想。
根据“Once you lose interest in what you’re doing, you can take a break from it.”（一旦你对你正在做的事情失去兴趣，你可以休息一下。）可知，这里指的是躺下来什么都不去想，nothing没有什么；无。故答案是nothing。
58. quickly【解析】句意：相反，它能让你集中注意力，你能快速地完成更多的事情。
分析句子可知，空处需要一个副词来修饰动词get，根据“Do one task at a lime, it won't slow you down.” （一次做一件事，它不会减慢你的速度。）可知，集中注意力可以使你快速完成事情，quickly快速地，故答案是quickly。
59. When【解析】句意：当时间到了，就重新集中注意力到下一个任务上。
根据上一句“If there's something keeping your mind wandering, allow yourself a specific(特定的）time to worry, think or plan.”（如果有什么让你心不在焉,允许自己在特定的时间内去担心，思考或计划。）可知，这里指的是当时间到了，when当……时，句首首字母大写，故答案是When。
60. facing【解析】句意：但通过勇敢地面对，并努力解决它，你就可以摆脱你的担忧。
根据“ trying to solve it, you can get away from your worrying thoughts”可推断，此处指的是勇敢面对，face面对，“and”连接的两个动词形式要一致，由trying可知，此处填facing，故答案是facing。
61. accept【解析】句意：如果你尝试了所有的方法还是不奏效，那么就接受那些你无法改变的事情。
根据句意结合常识可知，如果无法改变，那么就只能接受，所以应该是accept接受，这里是省略了主语you的祈使句，故用动词原形，故答案是accept。

A（2020 •广东省珠海市第四中学中考一模）
Bats like living in dark and wet places. There are all ___36___of viruses(病毒).
Bats always live in groups, _____37_____the viruses can have larger "playgrounds" to grow and become more powerful.
Bats are like humans in some way. Our similar genes (基因) make it easier for ___38___to become sick with the same viruses.
When bats fly, their body temperature can reach as ____39____as 40 °C. Such temperature can kill weak viruses, but ______40______ones will be alive and continue to grow. Bats have special protection systems _____41_____allow them to live with viruses without getting sick. Since they can fly, bats can spread viruses farther and more easily than other animals.
Although wild animals carry many diseases, it doesn't mean that we should consider them _____42_____human's enemies. Each kind of animal plays ___43___role in the ecosystem(生态系统) and all of them are important. The _____44_____we should learn from virus outbreaks(爆发) is to respect and ___45___animals and to live in peace with them, instead of hunting, killing, or eating them. Only in this way can we create a better world for our next generation.
【答案】36. kinds 37. so 38. us 39. high 40. stronger 41. that/which 42. as 43. a
44. lesson 45. protect
【解析】本文向我们介绍了野生动物蝙蝠，虽然野生动物携带许多疾病，但这并不意味着我们应该把它们视为人类的敌人，我们应该从病毒爆发中吸取的教训是尊重和保护动物，与它们和平相处，而不是猎杀或食用它们。
【36题详解】
句意：有各种各样的病毒。
分析句子可知，此处构成“all kinds of”短语，翻译为“各种各样的”，用于句中修饰其后的名词viruses。故填kinds。
【37题详解】
句意：蝙蝠总是群居，所以病毒可以有更大的“游乐场”来生长和变得更强大。
分析句子可知，两句话构成因果关系，此处表示“所以”的含义，所以用so连接。故填so。
【38题详解】
句意：我们相似的基因使我们更容易感染相同的病毒。
分析句子可知，此处表示“我们”，构成“make it+ adj+ for sb to do sth”结构，用于介词for之后，所以用其宾格形式。故填us。
【39题详解】
句意：当蝙蝠飞行时，它们的体温可高达40°C。
分析句子可知，此处表示“高”，可用high表示，用于“as+形容词/副词原级+as”结构中修饰其前的动词reach，所以用其副词形式；high的副词形式有两种：high指具体的高，highly指高度地，此处指具体温度的高。故填high。
【40题详解】
句意：这样的温度可以杀死弱病毒，但强病毒会存活并继续生长。
分析句子可知，此处与前句“Such temperature can kill weak viruses”形成对比，此处表示“更强的”，应用strong的比较级形式表示。故填stronger。
【41题详解】
句意：蝙蝠有特殊保护系统，使它们与病毒共存而不生病。
分析“Bats have special protection systems _____6_____allow them to live with viruses without getting sick.”可知，此处是定语从句，先行词是special protection systems指物，引导词在从句中作主语，可用that/which引导。故填that/which。
【42题详解】
句意：虽然野生动物携带许多疾病，但这并不意味着我们应该把它们视为人类的敌人。
分析句子可知，此处构成“consider…as…”短语，翻译为“把……视为……”，是固定搭配。故填as。
【43题详解】
句意：每种动物在生态系统中都扮演着重要的角色。
分析句子可知，此处构成“play a role”短语，翻译为“扮演一个角色”，固定搭配。故填a。
【44题详解】
句意：我们应该从病毒爆发中吸取的教训是尊重和保护动物，与它们和平相处，而不是猎杀或食用它们。
分析句子可知，此处表示“我们应该从病毒爆发中吸取的教训是尊重和保护动物”的含义，“教训”可用lesson表示，构成“learn a/the lesson”短语；又因为本句谓语动词是is，所以用其名词原形即可。故填lesson。
【45题详解】
句意：我们应该从病毒爆发中吸取的教训是尊重和保护动物，与它们和平相处，而不是猎杀或食用它们。
分析句子可知，此处表示“我们应该从病毒爆发中吸取的教训是尊重和保护动物”的含义，“保护”可用protect表示，此处与and连接的respect构成并列结构，所以用其动词原形即可。故填protect。
B（2020 •吉林省中考英语综合模拟英语试题（一））
2020年初新型冠状病毒肆虐，恐慌之中人们选择待在家中以防感染。中小学停课。学生们通过网络学习。起初，家长们对此持反对的态度。后来，他们相信这种方式是有益于孩子们的学习的。学校和老师们是否应该开放思想接受网络教育呢？阅读并完成下面短文，每空一词。
The novel coronavirus made the spring of 2020 very different. As the virus can easily______71______from one to another, the students in primary and junior high schools didn’t have to go to school. At the same time, online education has become popular among them. Students could learn on the Internet______72______of sitting in the classroom.
At first, some parents were_____73_____online courses that would bring children myopia(近视)and some other influences, but after a few days of carefully watching, they believed online education would be ______74______for their children’s study.
But many schools only regard online education______75______a second choice. In fact, schools and teachers should keep a more open mind to accept online education.
【答案】71. spread 72. instead 73. against 74. good 75. as
【解析】文章大意：2020年初武汉新型冠状病毒肆虐，恐慌之中人们选择待在家中以防感染。中小学停课。学生们通过网络学习。起初，家长们对此持反对的态度。后来，他们相信这种方式是有益于孩子们的学习的。但许多学校只把在线教育视为第二选择。事实上，学校和教师应该保持更开放的心态接受网络教育。
【71题详解】
句意：由于病毒很容易从一个地方传播到另一个地方，小学和初中的学生不必上
结合句子结构可知，此句缺少谓语动词，根据空前can easily 可知，此空应填动词原形，结合句意可知，此空是“传播”的意思，故答案为spread 。
【72题详解】
句意：学生可以在网上学习，而不是坐在教室里。
根据句意可知，此空是“而不是”的意思，根据空后介词of可知，结合短语instead of而不是，故答案为instead。
【73题详解】
句意：起初，一些家长反对会给孩子带来近视（近视）和其他一些影响的在线课程。
此空在系动词之后应填介词，结合句意可知，此空是“反对”的意思，故答案为against。
【74题详解】
句意：但经过几天的仔细观察，他们相信在线教育对孩子的学习会有好处。
根据空前would be可知，此空应填形容词，结合句意可知，此空是“好的”的意思，搭配为be good for对……有好处。故答案为good。
【75题详解】
句意：但很多学校只把网上教育作为第二选择。
根据空后a second choice可知，此空应填介词，结合句意可知，此空是“作为”的意思，搭配为regard……as。故答案为as。
C（2020 •广州省珠海市香洲区中考二模）
How did Chinese people choose the 12 animals of the zodiac (生肖)?
There are many stories____36____the Chinese zodiac. In one of the most____37____ stories the Jade Emperor (玉皇大帝）wanted to pick 12 animals to keep his palace safe. He ordered all the animals to have a ____38____to run to the palace. The first 12 animals to_____39_____ at the palace were the winners. They then became part of our calendar.
____40____ , the real history behind the Chinese zodiac is much harder to find. Some say the zodiac came from animals_____41_____ were important in people’s lives at the time. Some of the animals were ones that people_____42_____at home, such as the chicken and the pig. Others were animals they loved such as the tiger and the monkey. Others say that ancient Chinese people chose the 12 animals according to animals’ habits. This is because people not___43___used the zodiac to stand for different years, but also used them to tell time.
____44____ animal stands for one shichen, or two hours. It is said that during each shichen, its corresponding ( 相 应 的 ) animal would be active. For example, the mouse stands for the period of time from 11 pm to 1 am_____45_____this is the time when mice would go out to look for food. Do you think our ancient Chinese are full of wisdom(智慧)?
【答案】36. about 37. famous/well-known/popular 38. race/competition 39. arrive 40. However
41. that/which 42. kept/raised/fed/had 43. only 44. One/Each/Every/An 45. because
【解析】这篇短文主要讲述了生肖是怎样选出来，本文讲述了关于生肖的几个传说。
【36题详解】
句意：关于十二生肖有许多故事。
根据文中“In one of the most ________ stories, the Jade Emperor (玉皇大帝）wanted to pick 12 animals to keep his palace safe.”可知，这里是关于十二生肖的故事。这里用介词about。故答案为about。
37题详解】
句意：在一个最著名/最著名/最流行的故事中，玉皇大帝想要挑选12只动物来保护他的宫殿安全。
One of+the+形容词最高级+名词复数，表示……最之一；这里是最著名的/最受欢迎的。famous/well-known形容词，出名的，著名的；popular形容词，受欢迎的。故答案为famous/well-known/popular。
【38题详解】
句意：他命令所有的动物举行一场赛跑去宫殿。
根据“The first 12 animals to __________ at the palace were the winners.”前十二名跑到宫殿的动物是获胜者。可知，这里是举行一场赛跑的比赛。race/competition名词，比赛。故答案为race/competition。
【39题详解】
句意：第一批到达宫殿的12只动物是获胜者。
根据“They then became part of our calendar.”及“were the winners.”可知，这里是前12名到达的动物。arrive动词，到达。这里是动词不定式做后置定语，修饰animals。故答案为arrive。
【40题详解】
句意：然而，中国十二生肖背后的真实历史却很难找到。
根据“the real history behind the Chinese zodiac is much harder to find.”可知，这里是表示转折关系用however副词，然而。故答案为However。
【41题详解】
句意：有人说十二生肖来自当时对人们生活很重要的动物。
这里是定语从句，先行词是animals，是物，关系词用that/which，在这里是做主语。故答案为that/which。
【42题详解】
句意：有些动物是人们在家里饲养/喂养的动物，如鸡和猪。
根据下文“such as the chicken and the pig”可知，这里是说人们在家里养的动物。keep相当于raise和feed都是“饲养”的意思。主语的谓语动词是过去时态，从句也用过去式，keep/raise/feed/have的过去式是 kept/raised/fed/had。故答案为kept/raised/fed/had。
【43题详解】
句意：这是因为人们不仅用十二生肖来代表不同的年份，而且还用十二生肖来表示时间。
根据下文“but also used them to tell time.”可知，这里是不仅……而且……；not only…but also…不仅……而且……。故答案为only。
【44题详解】
句意：一只/每只动物代表一个时辰。
根据下文“For example, the mouse stands for the period of time from 11 pm to 1 am ____10____ this is the time when mice would go out to look for food.”可知，这里是每个动物/一个动物，这里用“One/Each/Every/Ananimal”来表示。故答案为One/Each/Every/An。
【45题详解】
句意：例如，老鼠代表晚上11点到凌晨1点的时间段，因为这段时间是老鼠外出觅食的时间。
根据“this is the time when mice would go out to look for food.”可知，这里是表示原因，用because连词，因为。故答案为because。
D（2020 •广东省清远市英德市中考二模）
As people had to stay at their homes during the COVID-19 epidemic(新冠流行病), life was not easy, but they were ____36____ their best to make staying at home not as boring as it sounds.
In one popular video, which got____37____ than 320 million views on Weibo, a man was seen shouting at night and he asked____38____ there was anyone out there.
“People living around here, open your____39____,” he said. “Let’s start a shouting game. I am going crazy.”
Later, another man replied: “All right. I also want____40____ talk to someone. Let’s open our windows and our hearts to talk.”
There were also popular videos on the Internet showing people’s daily activities-getting____41____ at noon, taking____42____ walk in their living rooms, in their kitchens, bedrooms and then____43____ back to their living rooms.
Some people tried to play badminton in their living rooms or ping-pong on their dinner____44____. Others posted their daily exercise results on Wechat, showing them walking less than one hundred ____45____ in a day.
【答案】36. trying/doing
37. more 38. if/whether
39. windows
40. to 41. up
42. a 43. going
44. tables 45. steps
【解析】文章介绍了人们在新冠病毒期间，在家隔离的日常生活。
【36题详解】
句意：但是他们正在尽最大努力使待在家里不像听起来那么无聊。根据下文人们在家做各种各样的事情，可知他们尽量不让生活那么无聊，try/do one's best尽某人的最大努力，因为were，可知用过去进行时态；故填trying/doing。
【37题详解】
句意：在微博上一个超过3.2亿浏览量的特别火的视频里，一个男人在晚上大喊。根据“In one popular video”可知，超过3.2亿，more than超过；故填more。
【38题详解】
句意：他问外面是否有人。根据“asked”可知，问是否有人，if/whether是否，引导宾语从句；故填if/whether。
【39题详解】
句意：打开你们的窗户。根据后文“Let’s open our windows ”可知，应该是打开窗户，根据上句people，可知用复数；故填windows。
【40题详解】
句意：我也想和某个人说话。want to do sth想做某事，不定式作宾语；故填to。
【41题详解】
句意：在网上也有展现人们日常生活的受欢迎的视频——在中午起床。根据上文说人们的日常生活，可知是get up起床；故填up。
【42题详解】
句意：在客厅、厨房、卧室散步。根据上文说人们的日常生活，可知是take a walk散步；故填a。
【43题详解】
句意：然后又回到客厅。根据上文在客厅、厨房、卧室散步，可知是回到客厅，go back回去，和getting、taking一致，所以用going；故填going。
【44题详解】
句意：一些人在客厅打羽毛球或在餐桌上打乒乓球。乒乓球要在桌子上打，结合dinner，可知是餐桌，根据“some people”，可知用复数；故填tables。
【45题详解】
句意：其他的人在微信上发他们的日常活动结果，显示他们一天走路不到一百步。根据文章可知人们居家隔离，所以活动量特别小，所以是不到一百步，step步，根据“one hundred”可知，用复数；故填steps。