（2）人物传记类_2022届新高考英语一轮复习七选五话题专项练

这是一份（2）人物传记类_2022届新高考英语一轮复习七选五话题专项练，共12页。

There is n exceptin t a man aged 53. ②_______ He knew it was ging t be hard t find anther jb. He als knew it was nw r never t pursue his lifelng dream f wning his wn restaurant. But he was t ld t cmpete with the yung and t weak t d any labr wrk.
③_______ He didn’t want t spend his rest life sitting arund and feeling pity fr himself. Als, Mrs. Mckenhaupt actively encuraged him t mve n, cnsidering it a perfect chance fr tw f them t start their wn business with plenty f time and withut the disturbance f children.
④_______ Brian fund just what he wanted eight blcks frm hme—an existing cafe that was underperfrming and whse wner was highly mtivated t get ut f his lease (租期).​ ⑤_______ But the prblem was that he had never financially planned fr this day. He had t brrw mney frm friends and relatives. After that, he changed the name t Black Dg Cffee, and made it alive again. Eighteen years later, they’re still there and ding better than ever. Brian says he’s extremely grateful fr the decisin t make a change.
A. Then came the pprtunity.
B. The thught filled him with anxiety.
C. That was exactly what Brian needed.
D. Even ur New Year’s decisins t change hardly make it.
E. With the supprt f his family, he tk a jb in the lcal cafe.
F. Several weeks after cnsideratin, he decided t have a change.
G. Brian Mckenhaupt gt fired frm a senir management psitin.
二、根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The death f Prince Philip, the Duke f Edinburgh, at Windsr Castle at the age f 99, has been annunced by Buckingham Palace. ① ______
Prince Philip married the future Queen Elizabeth II, at Westminster Abbey in 1947. He went n t becme the lngest-serving cnsrt (统治者的配偶) f any mnarch in British histry, accmpanying his wife n her ryal duties arund the cuntry and the wrld.
He als had a busy life f his wn, champining many causes and charities, including setting up the hugely successful Duke f Edinburgh Award prgram. ​②________ When he retired frm public life in August 2017, the recrds shwed that in additin t accmpanying the queen, the prince had attended 22,219 public events n his wn.
Brn in 1921 n the Greek island f Crfu, Philip, prince f Greece and Denmark, and sixth in line t the thrne f Greece, had an unstable (动荡的) childhd. ③________ His father was largely absent n military duty and, later, in plitical exile, and his mther, wh suffered severe hearing lss, experienced mental health issues that resulted in her spending time at a rest rm. ④________ .
After leaving schl in the United Kingdm, Philip attended the Ryal Naval Cllege in Dartmuth, and when the ryal family paid a visit in 1939, he was given the task f accmpanying the 13-year-ld Princess Elizabeth. ⑤________
A. It was the start f a life-lng rmance.
B. It aimed at encuraging schlchildren t take part in charity wrk.
C. He wrte t her mther, saying,"T have fallen in lve cmpletely."
D. Philip was n the ppsite side in the cnflict t his German brthers-in-law.
E. The yung Philip was ften cared fr by British relatives, a mve that was t prve life-changing.
F. He had fur lder sisters, the yungest being seven years his senir, s he grew up as effectively an nly child.
G. It brings the curtain dwn n a remarkable public life and an era f huge transfrmatin in British scial and natinal histry.
三、阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Living with Alzheimer’s(老年痴呆症), Lata, an 83-year-ld lady finds fcus and inspiratin in tribal art, and the nly memries she is left with — her childhd.
Yung Lata attended an English schl in Mumbai. ①________ She first picked up a brush as a child, learning the basics f art frm her lder sister Mai. She recalls perfrming a sng alng with a famus singer at a functin and having her paintings displayed at a schl exhibitin.
Hwever, her happy days didn’t last lng. ②________ She drpped ut f cllege t help supprt the family by selling paintings and hand-painted sarees (莎丽服). After getting married, she mved with her husband t their hme in Bandra East, where they have been living fr nearly six decades.
Fur years ag, she was diagnsed with Alzheimer’s which has affected her shrt-term memry. ③________ It was her sn Paresh wh helped her pick up her passin fr painting again. He gt her painting supplies and bks n animals and plants. Nw, she can spend hurs painting the mst detailed images. And fr thse hurs, she is at peace and is fcused. She is als mst cmfrtable while ding sme husewrk. ④________ She knws where everything in her kitchen is and still refuses t keep help at hme.
⑤________ Frm encuraging her art t answering all her questins when she frgets things frm minute t minute, he did everything patiently. Fr Lata, everything is new every day and it’s her painting that keeps her ging. Talent has n age!
A. She still cks three meals a day.
B. Dctrs’ advice was t keep her engaged.
C. Her ther cnstant supprt has been her husband.
D. It is very imprtant t make the hme cmfrtable.
E. She frequently talks abut her childhd memries. ​
F. Her father passed away befre she culd cmplete her educatin.
G. She had a keen interest in music and art despite having n frmal training.
四、根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Nishit Sharma takes a heavy bag everywhere he ges. Whether he is traveling arund the Kerala castline r hiking in the muntains, he always carries a laptp and fur r five cameras with him. ①_________ They have helped him turn his adventures int amazing vides, inspiring peple everywhere t get ut and explre all that India has t ffer.
In nly tw years, Sharma has prduced nearly 100 vides fr his web page n YuTube. ②_________ Frm the thick frests in Meghalaya( a state in nrtheastern India), t the purple muntains in Tamil Nadu(a state in sutheastern India), where he recrded the rare blssming f the Kurinji flwers,---a phenmenn that happens nce every 12 years—Sharma has shwn a side if India that many peple may never have knwn existed. Nt even himself.
③_________ He vividly remembers riding thrugh the suth f India n his mtrcycle, explring tree-lined streets in Pndicherry’s French district, and being struck by the beauty f the peaceful hill statin Munnar.
④_________ Hwever, Sharma knws there is n end t his explratin in India. He is s enthusiastic abut sharing the lesser-seen side f his hmeland, in new and better ways, that he has been knwn t pen his laptp and wrk even n muntaintps. “​⑤_________ And I’ve never stpped,” he says. “The driving frce fr me is t keep learning.”
A. Then there was the mtrcycle tur in Kerala.
B. I started prducing travel vides tw years ag.
C. He might be running ut f new places t sit.
D. As a travel writer, these are tls f his trade.
E. Up until nw, he has already traveled acrss India.
F. I’m lucky t have been brn and brught up in India.
G. Alng the way, he has learned a lt abut his hmeland.
五、
Eight-year-ld Tyler Stallings has been helping hmeless veterans(老兵)since he was 4 years ld, and s far, this little by has raised ver ﹩50,000 fr his cause.
Tyler's mther, Andrea Blackstne, said when Tyler was 4 she wanted t teach him abut the imprtance f veterans.①________As Tyler was watching these YuTube vides, he asked his mther, "If they're heres why shuld they be n the street?" Blackstne said 4-year-ld Tyler then begged her t take him t buy wd and nails and build the veterans huses.②________.
S the mther gt Tyler in tuch with Maryland's Gvernr, and Tyler was given a grant f ﹩100. With the help f the grant, Tyler decided that nce a year n Veteran's Day, he wuld gather items like clthes t give hmeless veterans care packages. This went n s well, hwever, that they decided just "Veteran's Day wasn't enugh.③________.
Tyler's gal is t raise peple's awareness f the veterans, sacrifices and bring "her bags" t veterans wh are hmeless r need basic supplies.④________Recently, he was able t partner with a mattress cmpany that dnated 250 beds and a backpack cmpany that gifted Tyler backpacks t hld his "her bag" prducts.
⑤________"They shuld have the things they need because f all the gd things they've dne fr ur cuntry, " Tyler said. "It makes me feel very happy and very gd when they have a happy reactin."
A.She explained t him they culdn't affrd it.
B.Fr Tyler, his wrk is bth imprtant and rewarding.
C.He saw vides f hmeless veterans and he thught this isn't right.
D.It was suppsed t be a ne-time thing, but turned int an all - the - time event.
E.Tyler hpes t raise enugh fund fr a truck t deliver even mre items t them.
F.Tyler's "her bags" fr veterans include things such as clthes, hygiene prducts and bedding.
G.She turned t YuTube t shw her sn vides abut veterans and the things they did fr ur cuntry.
六、阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Alfred Nbel Rests in Peace
Peple like Martin Luther King Jr., Nelsn Mandela, and Mther Teresa have becme famus all arund the wrld. ①_________ They are all winners f the Nbel Peace Prize. But nne f them wuld have received the recgnitin it brings had it nt been fr ne Swedish man, Alfred Nbel.
When Alfred jined the Nbel family cmpany, it had been develping explsives fr many years. His father had started the family frtune by wrking fr the Russian army t prduce landmines and sea mines. But the family made even mre mney by manufacturing nitrglycerine, which was a very dangerus explsive.
One day Alfred arrived hme t find his 20-year-ld brther Emil had been killed in a nitrglycerine explsin. ②_________ The result was dynamite (甘油炸药), which became an immediate success all ver the wrld.
Alfred Nbel always wanted dynamite t be used fr peaceful means. Unfrtunately​, when the First Wrld War ended, dynamite had been used t take away the lives f thusands f yung men. ③_________ T see his inventin being used in this way made him very sad.
Smetime later Alfred's lder brther Ludwig died. One newspaper accidentally printed Alfred’s bituary instead f his brther’s. It described Alfred as a man wh had becme rich by inventing a weapn f mass destructin. After reading the review f his life, Alfred was hrrified and decided t use the great frtune he had made t reward peple wh had been wrking t prmte gd in sciety. ④_________ The Nbel Peace Prize was awarded t the persn wh had dne the mst, r the best, wrk t prmte friendship between cuntries t ablish armies r t hld and prmte peace cnferences.
In 1997 the Nbel Peace Prize went t an American called Jdy Williams fr her effrts t get landmines banned. ⑤_________ Perhaps nw, Alfred Nbel will rest mre easily in his grave.
A. And what d they have in cmmn?
B. Hence, it was a large amunt f mney.
C. Alfred was determined t invent a safer explsive.
D. He was s grieved by the accident that he even desired t give up his jb.
E. Irnically, f curse, the Nbel family frtunes had been built n mines.
F. Alfred had always hated war and cnsidered it t be 'the hrrr f hrrrs and the greatest f all crimes'.
G. The five awards he created were fr physics, chemistry, medicine, literature and, mst significantly, peace.
答案以及解析
一、
答案：DGFAC
解析：1.D. Even ur New Year's decisins t change hardly make it. 解析:根据上文 S ften we find urselves n autpilt-waking up in the same hme, putting n the same clthes and taking the same transprtatin t the same-ld jb. 可知所以,我们经常发现自己处于自动驾驶状态—在同一个家里醒来,穿上同样的衣服,乘坐同样的交通工具去做同样的工作。由此可知,本句承接上文说明,人们总是在重复相同的事情,所以做出改变的决定往往变得很难实现。故D选项“即使我们在新年做出改变的决定也很难实现”符合语境,故选D。
2.G. Brian Mckenhaupt gt laid ff frm a senir management psitin. 解析:根据后文 He knew it was ging t be hard t find anther jb. 可知他知道再找一份工作会很困难。由此可知,本句应当是在说明某一个人下岗失去了工作的事情,结合下一段中 Als, Mrs. Mckenhaupt actively encuraged him t mve n, cnsidering it a perfect chance fr tw f them t start their wn business with plenty f time and withut the disturbance f children.(Mckenhaupt 太太也积极鼓励他向前看,认为这是他们俩人开创自己事业的绝佳机会,有足够的时间,没有孩子的打扰)可知这个人就是 Brian Mckenhaupt。故G选项“Brian Mckenhaupt 从一个高级管理职位上下岗了”符合语境,故选G。
3.F. Several weeks after cnsideratin, he decided t have a change. 解析:根据后文 He didn't want t spend his rest life sitting arund and feeling pity fr himself. Als, Mrs. Mckenhaupt actively encuraged him t mve n, cnsidering it a perfect chance fr tw f them t start their wn business with plenty f time and withut the disturbance f children. 可知他不想让自己的下半生无所事事地可怜自己。Mckenhaupt 太太也积极鼓励他维续生活,认为这是他们俩人开创自己事业的绝佳机会,有足够的时间,没有孩子的打扰。由此可知,Brian Mckenhaupt 决定做出一些改变,因为他不想让自己的下半生无所事事地可怜自己。故F选项“经过几个星期的考虑,他决定改变一下”符合语境,故选F。
4.A. Then came the pprtunity. 解析:根据后文 Brian fund just what he wanted eight blcks frm hme-an existing cafe that was underperfrming and whse wner was highly mtivated t get ut f his lease (租期). 可知 Brian 在离他家8个街区的地方找到了他想要的东西——一家现有的咖啡馆,该咖啡馆的业绩不佳,其老板想要解除租约。由此可知,上一段提到 Brian 想要改变一下,后文提到有一家咖啡馆想要解除租约,说明 Brian 改变的机会来了。故A选项“机会来了“符合语境,故选A。
5.C. That was exactly what Brian needed. 解析:根据上文 Brian fund just what he wanted eight blcks frm hme-an existing cafe that was underperfrming and whse wner was highly mtivated t get ut f his lease (租期).(Brian 在离他家8个街区的地方找到了他想要的东西一家现有的咖啡馆,该咖啡馆的业绩不佳,其老板想要解除租约)以及后文 But the prblem was that he had never financially planned fr this day. He had t brrw mney frm friends and relatives.(但问题是,他从来没有为这一天做过财务计划。他不得不向亲戚朋友借钱)由此可知,离家不远就有咖啡馆可以接手,这正是渴望改变的 Brian 所需要的的。后文他向亲戚朋友借钱也说明他想要租下咖啡馆。故C选项“这正是 Brian 所需要的“符合语境,故选C。
二、
答案：GBFEA
解析：1.G. It brings the curtain dwn n a remarkable public life and an era f huge transfrmatin in British scial and natinal histry. 解析:根据上文“The death f Prince Philip, the Duke f Edinburgh, at Windsr Castle at the age f 99, has been annunced by Buckingham Palace.(白金汉宫周五宣布,英国女王伊丽莎白二世的丈夫菲利普亲王在温莎城堡去世,享年99岁。)”空格处应承接上句,叙述菲利普亲王去世带来的影响:G选项 It brings the curtain dwn n a remarkable public life and an era f huge transfrmatin in British scial and natinal histry.(它为英国卓越的公共生活和英国社会和国家历史上一个巨大变革的时代画上了句号);选项中 It 指代上文中“The death f Prince Philip(菲利普亲王去)”这件事,并讲述了这件事对英国产生的影响。故选G。
2.B. It aimed at encuraging schlchildren t take part in charity wrk. 解析:根据上文“He als had a busy life f his wn, champining many causes and charities, including setting up the hugely successful Duke f Edinburgh Award prgram.(他也有自己忙碌的生活,支持许多事业和慈善事业包,括设立非常成功的爱丁堡公爵奖项计划)”可知,菲利普亲王做了很多慈善事业;空格处应承接上文,B选项 It aimed at encuraging schlchildren t take part in charity wrk(它旨在鼓励学生参加慈善工作),选项中 It 指代上文中“Duke f Edinburgh Award prgram”。故选B。
3.F. He had fur lder sisters, the yungest being seven years his senir, s he grew up as effectively an nly child. 解析:根据上文“Brn in 1921 n the Greek island f Crfu, Philip, prince f Greece and Denmark, and sixth in line t the thrne f Greece, had an unstable (动荡的) childhd.(1921年出生在希腊科孚岛,菲利普,希腊和丹麦王子,希腊王位的第六顺位继承人,有一个动荡的童年)”可知,上文描述菲利普王子的出身;空格处应承接上文,讲述菲利普亲王的家庭状况;F选项 He had fur lder sisters, the yungest being seven years his senir, s he grew up as effectively an nly child(他有四个姐姐,最小的姐姐比他大7岁,所以他在成长过程中犹如独生子)可知,这是在描述他的家庭状况,承接上文。故选F。
4.E. The yung Philip was ften cared fr by British relatives, a mve that was t prve life-changing. 解析:根据上文“His father was largely absent n military duty and, later, in plitical exile, and his mther, wh suffered severe hearing lss, experienced mental health issues that resulted in her spending time at a rest rm.(他的父亲基本上不在军队服役,并且后来,政治流亡,而他的听力有严重的损失的母亲经历过精神健康问题,曾在一家精神康复医院接受治疗)”可知,菲利普双亲不能照顾他;E选项 The yung Philip was ften cared fr by British relatives, a mve that was t prve life-changing.(年轻的菲利普经常由英国亲戚照顾,这是一个改变人生的举动),承接上文,讲述菲利普在父母无法照顾他,是由亲戚照顾的。故选E。
5.A. It was the start f a life-lng rmance. 解析:根据上文“…he was given the task f accmpanying the 13-year-ld Princess Elizabeth.(他的任务是陪伴13岁的伊丽莎白公主)”可知,这是菲利普跟伊丽莎白公主爱情故事的开始:A选项 It was the start f a life-lng rmance.(这是一生浪漫的开始),选项中 it 指代上文中 he was given the task f accmpanying the 13-year-ld Princess Elizabeth。故选A。
三、
答案：GFBAC
解析：本文是记叙文。讲述患有老年痴呆症的83岁的Lata从艺术中找到了集中和灵感,说明了人才没有年龄!
【小题1】根据下文“She first picked up a brush as a child, learning the basics f art frm her lder sister Mai. She recalls perfrming a sng alng with a famus singer at a functin and having her paintings displayed at a schl exhibitin.( 她小时候第一次拿起画笔时,从姐姐迈那里学习了艺术的基础知识。她回忆起她和一位著名歌手在一次宴会上表演了一首歌,并在学校的一次展览上展出了她的画作。)”可知她曾经喜欢音乐和美术,G项中的“music and art”相符,且G项中的“having n frmal training”与下文的“learning the basics f art frm her lder sister Mai”呼应。故选G项。
【小题2】根据上文“Hwever, her happy days didn’t last lng.( 然而,她的快乐的日子并没有持续多久。)”可知,下文要讲述她快乐日子结束的原因,F项中“Her father passed away”父亲过世应是其快乐岁月结束的原因,且F项中提的“her educatin”与下文“drpped ut f cllege”呼应,因此推断F项“在她能完成学业之前她父亲去世了”符合语境,父亲去世,她辍学养家。故选F项。
【小题3】上文“Fur years ag, she was diagnsed with Alzheimer’s which has affected her shrt-term memry.( 四年前,她被诊断出患有老年痴呆症,这影响了她的短期记忆。)”讲述她患了老年痴呆症,空格处要讲述如何治疗,B项中的“Dctrs’ advice”相符,下文“It was her sn Paresh wh helped her pick up her passin fr painting again.( 是她的儿子帕雷什帮助她重新恢复了对绘画的热情)”说明要让她从事一些事情,与B项中的“t keep her engaged”相符。故选B项。
【小题4】上文“She is als mst cmfrtable while ding sme husewrk.( 她在做家务的时候也最舒服)”说明她做家务,A项“她仍然每天做三顿饭。”是做家务,对上文进一步解释。故选A项。
【小题5】下文“Frm encuraging her art t answering all her questins when she frgets things frm minute t minute, he did everything patiently.( 从鼓励她的艺术到时时刻刻回答她每分钟忘记事情的所有问题,他耐心地做所有的事情。)”可知,空格应是提到了呼应he的一个人,结合选项以及上文提到了她的儿子的支持,此处应是她的丈夫,C项“她另一个持续的支持是她的丈夫。”符合语境。故选C项。
四、
答案：DEACB
解析：1.D.细节理解题.根据前文"he always carries a laptp and fur r five cameras with him他总是随身携带一台笔记本电脑和四五个照相机".可知此处应填"作为一名旅行作家,这些都是他写作的工具".故选D.
2.E.细节理解题.根据前文"Sharma has prduced nearly 100 vides fr his web page n YuTube沙玛在YuTube上制作了近100个视频".可知此处应填"到目前为止,他已经游历了印度".故选E.
3.A.推理判断题.根据下文"He vividly remembers riding thrugh the suth f India n his mtrcycle他清楚地记得骑着摩托车穿越印度南部的情景".可知此处应填"然后是喀拉拉邦的摩托车之旅".故选A.
4.C.推理判断解.根据下文"Sharma knws there is n end t his explratin in India夏尔马知道他在印度的探索永无止境".可知此处应填"他可能没地方坐了".故选C.
5.B.推理判断题.根据前文"he has been knwn t pen his laptp and wrk even n muntaintps众所周知,他会打开笔记本电脑,甚至在山顶工作".可知此处应填"两年前我开始制作旅游视频".故选B.本文是一篇选句填空,文章主要介绍了尼什特•夏尔马走到哪里都带着一个沉重的包.无论是在喀拉拉邦的海岸线上旅行,还是在山区徒步旅行,他总是随身携带一台笔记本电脑和四五个摄像头,作为一名旅行作家,这些都是他写作的工具.此题主要考查学生的细节理解和推理判断能力.做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句,和题干进行比较,再做出正确选择.在做推理判断题时不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实,要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断.
五、
答案：1. G2. A3. D4. F5. B
解析：1.G.细节理解题.根据前文" Tyler's mther, Andrea Blackstne, said when Tyler was 4 she wanted t teach him abut the imprtance f veterans泰勒的母亲安德里亚•布莱克斯通(Andrea Blackstne)说,泰勒4岁时,她想让他知道退伍军人的重要性".可知此处应填"她在YuTube上给儿子看退伍军人的视频,以及他们为我们国家所做的事情.".故选G.
2.A.细节理解题.根据前文"Blackstne said 4-year-ld Tyler then begged her t take him t buy wd and nails and build the veterans huses布莱克斯通说,4岁的泰勒恳求她带他去买木材和钉子,并帮老兵们盖房子".可知此处应填"她向他解释说他们买不起.".故选A.
3.D.细节理解题.根据前文"This went n s well, hwever, that they decided just "Veteran's Day wasn't enugh然而,事情进展得很顺利,他们认为仅仅"退伍军人节是不够的"".可知此处应填"这本来是一件一次性的事情,但却变成了一件永远的事情".故选D.
4.F.推理判断题.根据前文"Tyler's gal is t raise peple's awareness f the veterans, sacrifices and bring "her bags" t veterans wh are hmeless r need basic supplies泰勒的目标是提高人们对退伍军人的认识,为那些无家可归或需要基本物资的退伍军人做出牺牲并带来"英雄袋"".可知此处应填"泰勒为退伍军人设计的"英雄包"包括衣服、卫生用品和床上用品等".故选F.
5.B.推理判断题.根据下文"They shuld have the things they need because f all the gd things they've dne fr ur cuntry.他们应该拥有他们需要的东西,因为他们为我们的国家做了那么多好事,可知此处应填"对泰勒来说,他的工作既重要又有益".故选B.
六、
答案：ACFGE
解析：1. A。根据后文They are all winners...可知,此处应该是询问其共同点是什么。
2. C。该选项可衔接前文Alfred的哥哥被意外炸死,且根据后文The result was dynamite可知,此 处表述Alfred决心发明一种更安全的爆炸物。
3. F。前文写到一战结朿的时候他的发明被用在战争中,F选项承接一战的内容,他一直痛恨战争,认为“it”是令人厌恶的事情中最让人厌恶的事情,是最严重的犯罪。
4. G。前文中提到Alfred决定用他赚取的财富去奖励造福社会的人,G选项进一步说明他设计了 什么奖项,并在后文接着写诺贝尔和平奖颁给什么样的人。B选项的Hence的逻辑无法在这里 体现。
5. E。前文提到1997年的诺贝尔和平奖颁给了一个号召禁用地雷的人,E选项接着写令人觉得讽刺的是,诺贝尔家族的财富都是基于地雷。