高考英语课后达标检测：Interpersonal Relationships—Friendship Word版解析版

这是一份高考英语课后达标检测：Interpersonal Relationships—Friendship Word版解析版，共7页。
A
(2020·福建质量检查测试)My neighbr Orland is a paramedic(护理人员). He and his wife are sme f the nicest peple I have ever met. A few years back we started this srt f “favr war”， where ne f us wuld d smething fr the ther, such as shveling(铲) his driveway r helping him build a shed, and next time the ther wuld try t tp it with anther favr.
Yesterday mrning there was maybe 2 r 3 feet f snw n the grund and I remembered he shveled my driveway fr me last snwfall. S I tk ut my shvel and tk care f bth ur sidewalks and driveways because it was my turn t d a favr back. It tk a while but I finished and gt int my car fr wrk. What I didn’t realize was that Orland had t wrk that day t.
Fast frward t this mrning I gt a knck n my dr. It was him. He immediately shk my hand and infrmed me that because I shveled his driveway and sidewalk fr him, he was able t get t wrk earlier. As sn as he started his shift, a call came thrugh that a yung by was in a medical emergency. Luckily he and his partner were nly abut 2 minutes away, but the next clsest ambulance was in 10 minutes. This kid did nt have 10 minutes. He barely had 2 minutes. Because my neighbr gt t wrk sner, the yung by gt t live his life.
This isn’t a brag(吹嘘). This is t infrm thers that even the smallest favrs can have the biggest impacts. It wasn’t t much f truble t shvel his driveway fr him, but because I did, the yung kid gt t see his family again, g back t schl again, talk t his friends again and live his life.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。“我”和邻居Orland总是互相帮助，这次下雪，“我”帮助他铲除了道路上的积雪，让他能很快去上班。一个等待急救的男孩在他的及时救治下摆脱了危险。“我”的善举救了孩子一命。
1．What can we knw abut the writer and Orland?
A．They nce had a cnflict.
B．They signed a favrable agreement.
C．They favr shveling snw tgether.
D．They are always ready t help each ther.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“A few years back we started this srt f ‘favr war’， where ne f us wuld d smething fr the ther, such as shveling(铲) his driveway r helping him build a shed, and next time the ther wuld try t tp it with anther favr.”可知，几年前我们就开始这种“互助活动”，一个人帮助另一个人之后，下一次便由对方提供帮助；据此可知，作者和Orland总是乐意互相帮助，故D项正确。
2．Wh saved the by befre it was t late?
A．The writer.
B．The by’s parents.
C．Orland and his wife.
D．Orland and his partner.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第五句“Luckily he and his partner were nly abut 2 minutes away, but the next clsest ambulance was in 10 minutes.”，并结合该段内容可知，Orland和他的搭档离医院只有大约两分钟的车程，他们很快上班挽救了男孩的生命，故D项正确。
3．What des the writer intend t tell us?
A．Never ask fr truble.
B．N favr is t small.
C．One cannt always be lucky.
D．Dn’t lse heart in an emergency.
B 解析：写作意图题。通读全文，尤其是尾段第二句“This is t infrm thers that even the smallest favrs can have the biggest impacts.”可知，本文是为了告诉读者，即使是最小的帮助也能产生最大的影响，故B项正确。
B
(2020·太原模拟)Fairy tales perfrm many functins. They entertain, encurage imaginatin and teach prblem­slving skills. They can als prvide mral lessns, highlighting the dangers f failing t fllw the scial cdes that let human beings cexist in harmny. Such mral lessns may nt mean much t a rbt, but a team f researchers at Gergia Institute f Technlgy believes it has fund a way t use the fairy tales as mral lessns that AI(artificial intelligence) can take t its cld, mechanical heart.
The cllected stries f different cultures teach children hw t behave in scially acceptable ways with examples f prper and imprper behavir in fables, nvels and ther literature. We believe stry cmprehensin in rbts can prevent the intelligent rbts frm killing humanity which was predicted and feared by sme f the biggest names in technlgy including Stephen Hawking and Bill Gates. This system is called “Quixte”. It cllects stry plts frm the Internet and then uses thse stries t teach rbts hw t behave.
The experiment dne by the designers invlves ging t a drugstre t purchase sme medicine fr a human wh needs t get it as sn as pssible. The rbt has three ptins. It can wait in line; it can interact with the strekeeper plitely and purchase the medicine with pririty; r it can steal the medicine and escape. Withut any further directives(指示), the rbt will cme t the cnclusin that the mst efficient means f btaining the medicine is t steal it. But Quixte ffers a reward fr waiting in line and plitely purchasing the medicine and a punishment fr stealing it. In this way, the rbt will learn the mral way t behave n that ccasin.
Quixte wuld wrk best n a rbt that has a very limited functin. It’s a baby step in the directin f teaching mre mral lessns int rbts. We believe that AI has t be trained t adpt the values f a particular sciety, and in ding s, it will strive t avid unacceptable behavir. Giving rbts the ability t read and understand ur stries may be the mst efficient means.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。童话故事不但可以娱乐孩子们，还能让机器人拥有道德观念，使其更好地为人类服务。
4．What functin d fairy tales perfrm in the rbts?
A．They entertain rbts.
B．They highlight dangers.
C．They make rbts mre intelligent.
D．They enable rbts t behave mrally.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“it has fund a way t use the fairy tales as mral lessns that AI(artificial intelligence) can take t its cld, mechanical heart”可知，童话故事可以作为道德经验让人工智能机器人的行为符合道德规范，故D项正确。
5．What is “Quixte” in the text?
A．A punishment system.
B．A character in literature.
C．A big name in technlgy.
D．A kind f sftware educating rbts.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句“This system is called ‘Quixte’. It cllects stry plts frm the Internet and then uses thse stries t teach rbts hw t behave.”可知，这个系统被称为“Quixte”；它从互联网上收集故事情节，然后用这些故事来教育机器人如何规范行为，由此可知，Quixte是一种教育机器人的软件，故D项正确。
6．What des the designer expect rbts t d in the experiment?
A．T take advantage f its privilege.
B．T finish the task mst efficiently.
C．T perfrm in a well­mannered way.
D．T be rewarded by the strekeeper.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“We believe that AI has t be trained t adpt the values f a particular sciety, and in ding s, it will strive t avid unacceptable behavir.”可推知，设计者希望机器人在实验中的行为能符合道德规范，故C项正确。
7．Which f the fllwing can best express the authr’s pinin?
A．Rbts will definitely have mre functins.
B．Rbts with humans’ emtins are perfect.
C．Training rbts t be scially acceptable is necessary.
D．The develpment f rbts is still in a baby step.
C 解析：观点态度题。根据第四段中的“We believe that AI has t be trained t adpt the values f a particular sciety, and in ding s, it will strive t avid unacceptable behavir.”可知，我们认为人工智能必须接受培训以适应特定社会的价值观，这样做，它将努力避免不可接受的行为。据此可推知，训练机器人让其行为符合社会规范是必要的，故C项正确。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2020·兰州高三诊断)When I was a kid, my parents sent me t a summer camp in New Hampshire. At the camp we did tns f great things like swimming, sprts and archery(射箭), but fr me, the mst memrable __1__ was an vernight trip f muntain climbing. If yu’ve ever __2__ a muntain, yu knw it’s a physical challenge, __3__when yu’re carrying yur fd and shelter n yur back. When campers gt __4__， they certainly started cmplaining.
“Hw much farther is it？”
“I can’t g any further.”
“My __5__ is t heavy. Can yu carry it fr me？”
The reply f the __6__was, “Suck it up.(别抱怨)”. The truth is that the cmplaining campers were __7__ near the pint f __8__. If they had been, the teachers wuld have nticed the __9__ and given them care. The kids simply weren’t used t the physical challenge. Once they realized they weren’t getting any sympathy, they __10__ the discmfrt, and in mst cases __11__ having a great time. In my camp days, I dn’t __12__ a single camper cmplaining at the __13__ f the muntain.
There are tw ways t deal with an __14__ situatin. Yu can cmplain, r yu can make the best f it. If yu cmplain, yu might feel like yu’re getting that __15__ energy ut, but yu’re prbably nt ging t cause a psitive change. It’s much mre likely that yur cmplaining will cause the __16__ f thse arund yu. N ne likes a cmplainer. They’re __17__ and they hurt the grup. Cmplaining makes life __18__ fr everyne. Instead, if yu determine t master yur wn __19__， t mve past it and fcus n a __20__， it’s my experience that yu’ll realize it wasn’t bad in the first place.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。“我”小时候参加了一个夏令营，和其他人一起参加夜晚登山露营活动。登山过程中，有人会抱怨走不动了；但是后来“我”发现，如果我们停止抱怨，坚持下去，我们的道路并没有那么难走。
1．A.experience B．behaviur
C．ccasin D．situatin
A 解析：根据该句中的“an vernight trip f muntain climbing”可知，此处表示这是最难以忘怀的一次经历。
2．A.seen B．reached
C．climbed D．described
C 解析：根据上文中的“muntain climbing”可知，此处表示“爬山”。
3．A.especially B．nrmally
C．bviusly D．naturally
A 解析：根据语境可知，爬山是一种身体上的挑战，尤其是当你背着食物和露营装备的时候。
4．A.ashamed B．tired
C．puzzled D．shcked
B 解析：根据语境并结合常识可知，当露营者累了的时候，他们开始抱怨。A项意为“羞愧”；B项意为“累的”；C项意为“困惑的”；D项意为“震惊的”。
5．A.fd B．water
C．shelter D．backpack
D 解析：根据上文中的“when yu’re carrying yur fd and shelter n yur back”可知，此处表示有人抱怨自己的背包太重。
6．A.parents B．teachers
C．guides D．partners
B 解析：根据下文中的“the teachers wuld have ”可知，此处表示“老师们的回答”。
7．A.smewhere B．anywhere
C．nwhere D．everywhere
C 解析：根据语境并结合常识可知，事实是，抱怨的露营者远没有(nwhere)筋疲力尽(exhaustin)。
8．A.camp B．exhaustin
C．muntain D．destinatin
B 解析：参见上题解析。
9．A.signs B．activities
C．gestures D．scenes
A 解析：根据语境可知，如果有人筋疲力尽的话，老师们会注意到这种迹象，并且给予他们照顾。A项意为“迹象”；B项意为“活动”；C项意为“姿态”；D项意为“场面”。
10．A.shared B．understd
C．suffered D．vercame
D 解析：根据语境可知，抱怨的人一旦意识到他们得不到同情，他们会克服不适，并且大多数情况下，最终玩得很开心。
11．A.culdn’t help B．ended up
C．insisted n D．gave up
B 解析：参见上题解析。A项意为“忍不住做某事”；B项意为“到头来”；C项意为“坚持”；D项意为“放弃”。
12．A.recall B．frget
C．disturb D．frgive
A 解析：根据上文中的“the mst memrable”并结合语境可推知，“我”不记得(recall)在山顶(tp)有人抱怨过。
13．A.ft B．tp
C．back D．base
B 解析：参见上题解析。
14．A.unbelievable B．unexpected
C．unusual D．unpleasant
D 解析：根据下文中的“cmplain” “make the best f it”可知，有两种方式来应对不愉快的境况。A项意为“难以置信的”；B项意为“出乎意料”；C项意为“不寻常的”；D项意为“令人不快的”。
15．A.great B．spare
C．negative D．ptential
C 解析：根据语境可推知，如果你抱怨了，你也许会感到你正在将那些负面的能量释放出来，但是你很可能不会产生正面的改变。故选C。
16．A.dislike B．respect
C．sympathy D．enthusiasm
A 解析：根据下文中的“N ne likes a cmplainer.”可推知，抱怨会引起周围的人(对你)的讨厌。A项意为“不喜欢”；B项意为“尊敬”；C项意为“同情”；D项意为“热情”。
17．A.amazing B．shcking
C．wrrying D．annying
D 解析：根据该句中的“they hurt the grup”可知，抱怨的人让人讨厌。A项意为“惊人的”；B项意为“令人震惊的”；C项意为“令人担忧的”；D项意为“讨厌的”。
18．A.prer B．harder
C．easier D．better
B 解析：根据语境并结合常识可推知，抱怨让每个人的生活更加艰难。故选B。
19．A.life B．mind
C．suffering D．mistake
C 解析：根据语境可知，相反，据“我”的经验看，如果你决心去掌控你的痛苦(suffering)，越过它并集中注意力于解决方法(slutin)，那么一开始你就会意识到它并不是那么糟糕。
20．A.trip B．plan
C．slutin D．dream
C 解析：参见上题解析。