高考英语课后达标检测：Music Born in America Word版解析版

这是一份高考英语课后达标检测：Music Born in America Word版解析版，共7页。
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2020·昆明摸底调研)A study f 500，000 sngs released(发行) in the UK between 1985 and 2015 shwed that pp music had decreased in happiness and increased in sadness.
In a reprt published in the jurnal Ryal Sciety Open Science, researchers at the University f Califrnia examined hundreds f thusands f sngs and classified them by their md. “‘Happiness’ is ging dwn, ‘sadness’ is ging up, and at the same time, the sngs are becming mre ‘danceable’ and mre ‘party­like’，” c­authr Natalia L．Kmarva tld The Assciated Press.
The study fund sngs in 2014 like Stay with Me by Sam Smith, Whispers by Passenger and Unmissable by Grgn City have a “lw happiness” trend. Hwever, tracks frm 1984 like Glry Days by Bruce Springsteen, Wuld I Lie t Yu? by Eurythmics and Freedm by Wham! had a “high happiness” trend. “The public seems t prefer happier sngs, even thugh mre and mre unhappy sngs are being released each year，” the researchers wrte.
Apart frm the emtinal trends, researchers discvered that dances and pp were the mst successful styles f music and that there was a “clear dwnward” trend, with the ppularity f rck beginning in the early 2000s. “S it lks like, while the verall md is becming less happy, peple seem t want t frget it all and dance，” Kmarva wrte in an email.
It was als fund that the “maleness” f sngs—the frequency f male singers in ppular music—had decreased during the last 30 years. “Successful sngs are characterised by a larger percentage f female artists cmpared t all sngs，” they wrte.
This discvery appears at a time when the cnversatin arund sex equality in the music industry is at its height, with mre male artists and sngwriters.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了流行音乐表达的情绪的变化趋势。
1．The researchers examined lts f sngs t ________．
A．find sngs fr dances and parties
B．chse sngs fr a jurnal
C．release mre sngs
D．knw better abut sngs
D 解析：推理判断题。本文第二段介绍了加州大学的研究者们调查了成千上万的歌曲并把它们按情绪分类，紧接着得出歌曲分类的结果，可见他们调查歌曲的目的是想对歌曲有更多的了解，故选D。A、C两项曲解文意；B项无中生有。
2．Whse music style tends t bring yu mre happiness?
A．Natalia L．Kmarva’s.
B．Sam Smith’s.
C．Grgn City’s.
D．Bruce Springsteen’s.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Hwever, tracks frm 1984 like Glry Days by Bruce a ‘high happiness’ trend.”可知D项正确。Natalia L．Kmarva为报道的合著者，而非歌手；Sam Smith、Grgn City所演唱的歌曲有让人开心感降低的趋势，故排除。
3．What d we knw abut sngs ver the past three decades?
A．Rck became ppular in the early 2000s.
B．Fewer unhappy sngs came t light every year.
C．Male singers were better at perfrming pp music.
D．Female artists were less skilled in writing sngs.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“with the ppularity f rck beginning in the early 2000s”可知，摇滚乐在21世纪初开始流行，故A项正确。其余三个选项的内容均与文意不符。
4．What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．Pp Music Is Getting Sadder
B．Music Calls fr Sex Equality
C．Pp Music Has a Lng Histry
D．Music Industry Is Ging Dwn
A 解析：标题归纳题。根据本文首段总述及后续段落的描述可知，全文重点介绍了流行音乐正变得越来越伤感，故选A项。B项仅是本文中提到的一个细节；C项不是本文的重点；D项扩大外延，属过度概括，故排除。
B
(2020·成都高三摸底)As evlutin tends t remve waste, hw cme we evlved such large, energy­cnsuming brains? The dminant hypthesis(假设) suggests that tugh scial interactins are the driving frce. But ur new study dne in an unusual way shws that human brain expansin is likely driven by eclgy(生态)．
Scientists have tested the eclgical and scial hyptheses befre. The cmmn apprach is t lk at many species and investigate whether large brains are assciated with specific prblems. Fr example, d primates r ther animals with large brains have a diet that is challenging t find but nutritinally rewarding? This wuld indicate an eclgical rigin. Or d they live in large grups where they face lts f scial prblems?
While many studies have fund such assciatins, there is a prblem. It cannt tell whether large brains evlved t slve the difficult prblems r whether they evlved fr ther reasns and then enabled their bearers t deal with the hard prblems.
T find ut the causes f brain expansin, we recreated the scenaris(可能出现的情况) f the tw hyptheses using a mathematical mdel. We fund that a cmbinatin f eclgical and scial challenges d prduce the brain size we see in humans. But it was eclgical challenges that expanded brains. In cntrast t the dminant view and ur wn expectatin, we fund that scial challenges cntributed by decreasing brain size. But yu need bth factrs t get the brain size we see tday—if there were n scial challenges ur brains wuld have been even larger but likely prly suited t scial life. Bigger isn’t necessarily better.
But many animals face hard eclgical prblems. Why dn’t they all have large brains? We fund that eclgical prblems nly lead t human­sized brains when individuals can keep learning hard skills as they grw. S ur results and thse f thers’ suggest that hard eclgy and the accumulatin f cultural knwledge culd act tgether t prduce a human­sized brain.
Will the human brain expand further? The cmplexity f the systems invlved makes it impssible t say much with certainty at present.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。科学研究发现，人类大脑的大小是由生态环境和文化知识积累的共同作用决定的；大脑并非越大越好，如果大脑过大，则人类将无法适应社交活动。
5．In mst peple’s view, what makes human evlve large brains?
A．Scial challenges.
B．Scial and eclgical challenges.
C．Eclgical challenges.
D．Cmpetitin with ther large animals.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“The dminant hypthesis(假设)suggests that tugh scial interactins are the driving frce.”并结合第一段内容可知，大部分人认为棘手的社交活动是人类大脑进化的动力，故A项正确。
6．What’s the prblem f the cmmn apprach?
A．Its mdel is nt reliable enugh.
B．It desn’t tell the cause and effect clearly.
C．Its hypthesis cannt be prved effectively.
D．It desn’t find brain size is cnnected with prblems.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“It cannt tell whether large brains evlved t slve the difficult prblems r whether they evlved fr ther reasns and then enabled their bearers t deal with the hard prblems.”可知，传统的研究方法无法解释清楚大脑进化的原因和影响，故B项正确。
7．Why dn’t many animals have large brains?
A．They dn’t learn frm each ther.
B．They dn’t face hard eclgical prblems.
C．They dn’t need t cperate with each ther.
D．They dn’t keep learning tugh skills as they grw.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第五段第二、三句“Why dn’t they all have large brains? We fund that eclgical prblems nly lead t human­sized brains when individuals can keep learning hard skills as they grw.”可知，只有当个体在成长过程中不断学习艰难的技能时，生态环境才会影响人类特定大小的大脑。据此可推知，动物在成长过程中并没有持续学习艰难的技能，所以动物没有大的大脑，故D项正确。
8．Which f the fllwing d the researchers find mst surprising?
A．Animals dn’t have large brains.
B．Scial challenges decrease brain size.
C．Eclgical challenges increase brain size.
D．It’s unclear whether human brains will expand further.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段第四句“In cntrast t the dminant view and ur wn expectatin, we fund that scial challenges cntributed by decreasing brain size.”可知，与主流观点及我们自己的预期相反，我们发现社会挑战导致大脑变小。据此可知，社会挑战导致大脑变小是令人惊讶的发现，故B项正确。
Ⅱ.七选五
(2020·长沙统一模拟)It is nt as simple as pening the dr and hitting the track in winter. There are a few things yu can d t ensure yu are getting the mst ut f yur run and, imprtantly, nt ding mre harm than gd.
Warm up, cl dwn
1．________. Yur muscles need sme time t warm up when it’s cld, s take it easy when yu set ff and d a few stretches nce yu’re finished.
Drink water
Yu might nt feel ht, but that’s because sweat evaprates(蒸发) mre quickly int the chilly, dry air. S be sure t drink water befre, during and after cld­weather wrkuts. 2.________. A belt bttle cnveniently attaches t yur waist s yu dn’t have t carry it and can have a drink whenever yu feel like it.
3．________
Running in cttn is a bad idea. Wear thin, breathable layers f synthetic(合成的) clthing that help prtect yu frm the wind and snw, but still let ut heat and misture. Thirty percent f yur bdy heat escapes thrugh yur hands and frty percent thrugh yur head. Wear a hat, r beanie(无檐小便帽), and glves s yur circulatry system can distribute warm bld t the rest f yur bdy. 4.________．
Run int the wind
5．________. Obviusly, it will be an easier passage hme with sme extra help frm Mther Nature. But, mre imprtantly, yu wn’t have the wind in yur face fr the secnd half f yur run, when yu are mre likely t be sweating and catch a chill.
A．Dress right
B．Keep warm
C．Dn’t g t fast, t sn
D．Start and finish in the same way
E．Dn’t wait t drink water until yu feel thirsty
F．Head ut int the wind and cme hme with it at yur back
G．On really cld days, wear a mask r scarf ver yur muth t prtect yur face
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了冬季室外跑步的一些注意事项，包括做好热身运动、注意饮水以及穿合适的衣物等。
1．C 解析：根据该段小标题Warm up, cl dwn以及空后的“Yur muscles need sme time t warm up”可知，C项符合语境。
2．E 解析：根据段落小标题Drink water并结合空前一句“S be sure t drink water befre, during and after cld­weather wrkuts.”可知，E项“不要等到你感到口渴的时候才喝水”符合语境，衔接上文。
3．A 解析：根据空处所在位置以及文章结构可知，空处为段落小标题；通读该段可知，本段主要是讲跑步时的穿着，故选A项。
4．G 解析：空处所在段讲的是冬季室外跑步的着装要求，故G项与此处匹配。
5．F 解析：根据本段的小标题Run int the wind并结合空后一句可知，跑步回家时顺着风，让风在背后推着你走，故F项符合语境。
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2020·陕西部分学校摸底检测) Many f my friends like fall and take it as their favrite seasn. Last weekend, I went utdrs and sn 1.____________(find) a deeper appreciatin fr this seasn.
The change f leaf clrs is a cmmn reasn given 2.____________ the lve f fall. Each tree reacts 3.____________(different) t the change f the seasn. Sme shed their leaves in hpes f reprducing; hwever, ther 4.____________(tree) remain green fr as lng as pssible t gain additinal energy frm the sun t survive the winter. This effect 5.____________(call) the flight­r­fight respnse.
Fall is a time f 6.____________(reflect) and preparatin fr the year ahead. I have fund a meaning f fall fr me. I’m 7.____________ 18­year­ld by in the final year f high schl and my life is a wrk in prgress. There are times I want t give up, but then I lk arund me and realize life keeps 8.____________(mve). The natural cycle f life is beautiful and desn’t stp grwing s I have t learn t keep up.
The meaning f fall is different fr each persn. I encurage yu 9.____________(g) ut t fllw sme path r sidewalk and discver 10.____________ fall means t yu.
【解题导语】 作者喜欢秋天这个季节，它是作者反思和准备未来的时刻，让作者保持前进。
1．fund 解析：考查动词的时态。根据该句中的“Last weekend”和“went utdrs”可知，此处叙述发生在过去的事，故填fund。
2．fr 解析：考查介词。根据语境并分析句子结构可知，此处用固定搭配the reasn fr...意为“……的原因”，故填介词fr。
3．differently 解析：考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，此处用副词修饰动词reacts，故填differently。
4．trees 解析：考查名词的单复数。根据语境并分析句子结构可知，此处ther修饰名词复数，且谓语动词为复数，故填trees。
5．is called 解析：考查动词的时态和语态。根据语境并分析句子结构可知，call和主语This effect是被动关系，且此处描述的是一种客观情况，应用一般现在时的被动语态，故填is called。
6．reflectin 解析：考查词性转换。f是介词，后面接名词、代词或者动名词作宾语，再结合空后的preparatin可知，此处应填reflectin。
7．an 解析：考查冠词。此处泛指一个18岁的男孩，且所修饰单词的发音以元音音素开头，故填不定冠词an。
8．mving 解析：考查非谓语动词。keep ding sth.意为“一直做某事，继续做某事”，为固定用法，故填mving。
9．t g 解析：考查非谓语动词。encurage sb.t d sth.意为“鼓励某人做某事”，为固定用法，故填t g。
10．what 解析：考查宾语从句。根据语境且分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作宾语，表示“什么”，故填what。