上海交通大学附属中学2021-2022学年高二上学期9月月考英语试题（解析版）

这是一份上海交通大学附属中学2021-2022学年高二上学期9月月考英语试题（解析版），共31页。

2021-2022学年交大附中高二上英语9月月考试题
Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentences
1. Seldom are the superstitious practices recorded ______ present practical theories ______ modern psychology relates.
A. which, to which B. that, which C. what, to which D. /,/
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：表现了与现代心理学相关的实践理论的迷信活动很少被记录下来。分析句子结构可知，本句中使用了两处定语从句，第一个设空处的先行词为the superstitious practices指物，在从句中作主语，关系词用which，第二个设空处的先行词为practical theories指物在从句中作宾语，从句谓语relate to“与...相关”介词提到了，关系代词which的前边，故选择A项。
2. ______, they seemed not a bit unconfident while giving a speech.
A. Although they were not a bit ill-prepared B. As they were not a little ill-prepared
C. Well-prepared as they were D. Ill-prepared though they were
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查倒装。句意：虽然准备不足，但他们在演讲时似乎一点也不缺乏自信。观察选项和they seemed not a bit unconfident（似乎一点也不缺乏自信）可知，空格处意为“虽然准备不足”，翻译成Although they were ill-prepared，可改为由though/as引导的表语提前的倒装句，即把表语ill-prepared提前到主语前面，即ill-prepared though/as they were，因此D选项正确，故选D。
3. Rainfall is moderate over most areas of America, rivers and underground water permit extensive irrigation ______ it is not.
A. when B. if C. where D. that
【答案】C
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查地点状语从句。句意：美国大部分地区降雨量适中，河流和地下水允许在雨量不足的地区进行大规模灌溉。此处where引导的地点状语从句。故选C。
4. Sherlock Holmes was born a detective, ______ quite a few cases ______ his keen observation and natural instinct for human nature.
A. which, was based on B. whose, based on C. though, was based on D. with, based on
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查with的独立主格结构。句意：夏洛克·福尔摩斯是一个天生的侦探，他敏锐的观察力和对人性的本能造就了不少案件。With的独立主格结构：with+名词或代词+宾语补足语，此处cases和动词短语base on之间是被动关系，是过去分词作宾语补足语。故选D。
5. Whether or not Carlyle’s theory ______ true is debatable, ______ certain individual cast long shadows is not.
A. proves, but that B. is proved, but C. proves, but D. is proved, but that
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查时态，语态和连词。句意：卡莱尔的理论是否被证明是正确的，这是有争议的，但某些人的长期阴影是没有争议的。prove是用主动表被动的动词，因此排除B和D；分析可知，后半句is not后省略了debatable，______ certain individual cast long shadows是主语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，且句子意思完整，因此引导词用只起连接作用、无实意的that，因此第二空是but that，故选A。
6. After ______ by the heavy deluge, Henan province suffered from serious damages to its scenic spots, many tourists ______ in the disaster region.
A. struck, were trapped B. being struck, trapped
C. struck, having been trapped D. having been struck ; were trapped
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在遭受特大洪水袭击后，河南省的景点遭受了严重的破坏，许多游客被困在灾区。根据句意，分析句子可知，第一空中strike意为“袭击”，是非谓语动词，在介词after后，应使用动名词形式，与其逻辑主语Henan province之间有被动关系，所以应用动名词的被动式being struck，表示被动；第二空中trap意为“使……陷入困境”，是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语many tourists构成独立主格作伴随状语，与其逻辑主语many tourists之间有被动关系，所以应用过去分词trapped，表被动。故选B项。
7. The Taliban have conquered Kabul in a twinkling and in no time ______.
A. the US army have evacuated from Afghanistan B. the US army will evacuate from Afghanistan
C. have the US army evacuated from Afghanistan D. will the US army evacuate from Afghanistan
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查语序。句意：塔利班在一瞬间就占领了喀布尔，美军很快就会从阿富汗撤离。in no time意为“立刻”，句子表将来要进行的动作，时态用一般将来时，因此排除A和C，in no time不表否定，因此句子不倒装，而D选项是倒装，因此正确答案是B，故选B。
8. No entertaining program had even taken me so far away from my surroundings ______ this verbal visit to Disneyland before its ticket price went up to 799.
A. that did B. as to C. as did D. as if.
【答案】C
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查固定句型。句意：在迪斯尼乐园的门票价格涨到799美元之前，没有任何娱乐节目能像这次迪斯尼乐园的口头访问那样把我带离周围的环境。not so…as…为固定句型，as后跟名词、代词或句子，本句中后面为句子，did代替前半句中taken me so far away from my surroundings，以倒装表示强调，指在this verbal visit之前没有一个娱乐节目能有this verbal visit的效果，故为过去时。故选C。
9. Although the story involves a politically motivated kidnapping and a supposedly haunted house, the scariest moment is during ______ turns out to be a dream sequence.
A. what B. which C. that D. when
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：虽然这个故事涉及一个政治动机的绑架和一个据说是闹鬼的房子，但最可怕的时刻是在一个梦的序列。during后是宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，因此空格处用引导词what，故选A。
10. It is strange that the prominent celebrity ______ into exactly the same trap where many former stars got arrested.
A. fall B. fell C. would fall D. had fall
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：奇怪的是，这位著名的名人也落入了许多前明星被捕的陷阱。It is strange that sb. (should) do sth.是固定句型，意为“某人做某事很奇怪”，should可省略，因此空格处用动词原形fall，故选A。
11. Mr. Feintuch used a personal and expensive trial-and-error approach to ______ up with three products that seemed to work for him.
A. coming B. come C. came D. have come
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：费图奇采用了个人的、昂贵的试错方法，想出了三款似乎适合他的产品。分析句子结构可知，to ______ up with three products that seemed to work for him是目的，因此to后用动词原形，故选B。
12. Created in 1955 after a debate concerning Europe’s fastest game bird, ______ began as a marketing tool sold to pub landlords to promote Guinness, an Irish drink, became the bestselling copyright title of all time.
A. which B. what C. who D. where
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查主语从句的引导词。句意：1955年，在一场关于欧洲最快的猎鸟的辩论之后，《吉尼斯世界纪录大全》诞生了。最初，它是一种销售工具，卖给酒吧老板，用来推销爱尔兰酒吉尼斯，后来成为有史以来最畅销的版权著作。分析句子结构可知，_____ began as a marketing tool sold to pub landlords to promote Guinness是主语从句，从句中缺少主语，因此引导词用what，故选B。
13. It was three weeks since this iconic actress ______ positive due to close contact with viral clusters.
A. has tested B. tested C. had tested D. were tested
【答案】C
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：三周前，这位著名女演员因与病毒群密切接触而检测呈阳性。此处为句型It was+时间段+since+过去完成时，表示“到过去某个时间为止做某事有多长时间了”，故选C。
14. Museums accepting these grants, yet offering little more than the occasional public lecture or very minimal help to school teacher arriving at the museum with pupils, therefore ______ having such financial support severely cut back or withdrawn.
A. risk B. risking C. having risked D. to risk
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：接受这些资助的博物馆，除了偶尔提供公开讲座，或对带着学生来到博物馆的教师提供极少的帮助，因此，这些资助可能会被严重削减或撤销。分析句子结构可知，“accepting these grants, yet offering little more than the occasional public lecture or very minimal help to school teacher arriving at the museum with pupils”是现在分词作Museums的后置定语，因此空格处是谓语，句子描述客观事实，因此时态是一般现在时，主语Museums是复数，因此空格处用动词原形，即risk，故选A。
15. ______, the gain in global greenness did not necessarily make up for the loss of natural vegetation in tropical regions.
A. Although achieving a substantial gain in global greenness
B. Despite China and India contributed a lot to the greening of earth
C. As the gain in global greenness was comparable
D. Global leaf area increasing by five percent
【答案】B
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查句意理解。句意：尽管中国和印度对地球的绿化做出了很大贡献，但全球绿化的增加并不一定能弥补热带地区自然植被的损失。A. Although achieving a substantial gain in global greenness尽管在全球绿色环保方面取得了重大进展；B. Despite China and India contributed a lot to the greening of earth尽管中国和印度对地球的绿化做出了很大的贡献；C. As the gain in global greenness was comparable因为全球绿色的增长是相当的；D. Global leaf area increasing by five percent全球叶面积增加了5%。根据后文“the gain in global greenness did not necessarily make up for the loss of natural vegetation in tropical regions”可知，此处为转折关系，表示“尽管”，且后文说明的是全球绿化总体增加的并不一定能弥补热带地区自然植被的损失，可知空处是在说明某一些国家对地球绿化做出的贡献。故选B。
16. ______ in the backstage room are appealing young ladies who are gathered here to compete for the title of “Miss World”.
A. Seated B. Being seated C. Seating D. To seat
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：坐在后台的是聚集在这里争夺“世界小姐”头衔的年轻女士们。分析可知，句子是倒装句，还原后应是appealing young ladies who are gathered here to compete for the title of “Miss World”are____in the backstage room，seat是及物动词，表示“某人正坐着”应用be seated，且时态用现在进行时，空格前有are，因此空格处是being seated，故选B。
17. The US is experiencing outbreaks of measles, a disease it had declared ______ years ago, largely due to a drop in vaccination rates in some communities.
A. to be eliminated B. being eliminated C. eliminated D. to have been eliminated
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查过去分词。句意：美国正在经历麻疹疫情的爆发。几年前，美国宣布消灭了麻疹，主要原因是一些社区的接种率下降。分析可知，空格处用非谓语形式，disease和eliminate之间是被动关系，因此空格处用过去分词表被动，故选C。
18. Although there are constant talks of automation rendering billions of people economically redundant, the problem is ______ these predictions will materialize.
A. that B. where C. when D. why
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查表语从句。句意：尽管人们一直在谈论自动化会让数十亿人在经济上变得多余，但问题是这些预测何时会成为现实。分析句子结构可知，“______ these predictions will m aterialize.”为表语从句，从句缺少时间状语，需用连接副词when引导。故选C。
19. ______ retailers cut one-to-one customer contact to almost nothing, then they would lose their competitive edge over online stores.
A. Were B. Should C. Had D. Where
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果零售商将一对一的客户接触削减到几乎为零，那么他们将失去对在线商店的竞争优势。虚拟条件句中如果含有助动词should、had和were，可以将连词if省略，将助动词提前；此处表示与将来事实相反：主句用would (should, could, might) +v.，从句动词用过去式（be 通常用were）或用 should+动词原形或 were to+动词原形。故选B。
20. Which of the following sentences are CORRECT?
A. The vocabulary and grammatical differences between British and American English are such that are hardly to be noticed.
B. Like women, bio-medicine is the same area as men have put in great efforts.
C. Beauty contests, whether organized with noble intentions or just for fun, have attracted criticism since they were first held.
D. The Beauty Pageant Contest is accessible to all men, however his background on previous body-building qualifications.
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查从句的引导词。A选项中such后是定语从句，从句中缺宾语，先行词是such，因此关系代词用as，因此A选项错误；B选项中area后是定语从句，从句中缺宾语，先行词被the same修饰，且根据句意“和女性一样，生物医学也是男性一直在努力的领域”可知，此处指的是同一个领域，因此从句的引导词应该是that而不是as，因此B选项错误；D选项中逗号后是让步状语从句，根据句意“所有的男性都可以参加选美比赛，无论他以前的健身资格背景是什么”可知，从句引导词应是“无论什么”，即whatever，因此D选项错误。根据C选项句意“无论是出于高尚的目的还是为了娱乐，选美比赛从一开始就受到了批评”可知，C选项是whether引导的让步状语从句，语法正确，故选C。
Section B
(A)
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. overwhelmed；B. stood；C. worth；D. paling；E. consciously
F. resulting；G. averaged；H. relief；I. swarmed；J. crashed；K. prematurely
Chinese sportswear brand Erke announced Thursday that its internal computer system had ___21___ under the rush of orders it has received since becoming a social media darling as a result of its generous Henan floods ___22___ donations.
Erke also said in a live-stream that its supply chain is ___23___ by the sudden demand, with its warehouses emptied out and its production sites working at full capacity. “We are out of stock for over 40 products,” a company representative said.
The brand has been struggling financially but nevertheless pledged last week to donate 50 million yuan ($7.75 million)___24___ of funds and goods to disaster areas in Henan province, where heavy rain and flooding continue to necessitate evacuations. The death toll ___25___ at 99 people as of Thursday.
In response, Chinese customers have bought any Erke product they could find. The brand’s live-stream on e-commerce platform Taobao ___26___ fewer than 6,000 viewers last week Wednesday and Thursday, figures show. But on Saturday, after the donation announcement, its viewership skyrocketed to nearly 20 million people.
Lacking sufficient staff to process all the ___27___ orders, Erke’s store on Taobao’s Tmall warns users that current purchases will take longer than two weeks to ship — an unusually long wait for Chinese online shopping standards.
Founded in the southeastern city Xiamen in 2000, Erke employs about 30,000 people and last year had around 2.8 billion yuan in revenue, ___28___ in comparison to domestic competitor Anta’s 35.5 billion yuan. Erke’s 2020 financial report shows it suffered 220 million yuan in losses, financial outlet Wall Street CN reported.
Erke went public on the Singapore Stock Exchange in 2005, but it was suspended six years later for accounting irregularities.” The company was delisted last year.
“I thought you were going bankrupt, but you still donated so much,” reads the top-voted comment under Erke’s donation announcement from July 21, which garnered over 800,000 likes. “It’s so rare for brick-and-mortar businesses to donate 50 million yuan,” another user wrote. “It’s hard to imagine how many shoes you’d have to sell.”
Erke CEO Wu Rongzhao has since repeatedly asked the public to think twice before opening their wallets. “I want to extend my sincere gratitude to everyone’s support,” he said in a video message on Sunday. “And I’d also like to use this opportunity to ask you to spend ___29___.”
But few customers seem to have heeded his words. Across the country, media reported that people have ____30____ to Erke stores in shows of support. In Nanjing, a city in eastern China, a customer paid1,000 yuan for goods priced at 500 yuan and ran away before a shop assistant could hand him his change. Another customer was filmed having shaved the Erke logo — not previously seen as the summit of cool — into his hair.
The sudden attention has also brought scrutiny. A blogger who had sifted through public records discovered that Erke had, by Saturday, only given about 200,000 yuan. A day later, the two recipients of Erke’s donation, One Foundation and Zhengzhou Charity Federation, said that the company’s contributions would arrive in batches.
“We will fulfill our donation pledge based on the needs of these two institution.” Erke CEO Wu said in his video message.
【答案】21. J 22. H
23. A 24. C
25. B 26. G
27. F 28. D
29. E 30. I
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了中国运动服装品牌鸿星尔克因为在河南洪水救援中的慷慨捐赠，受到消费者热捧。
【21题详解】
考查动词。句意：中国运动服装品牌鸿星尔克周四宣布，由于其在河南洪水救援中的慷慨捐赠，该品牌在社交媒体上成为热门，并收到大量订单，其内部电脑系统已经崩溃。crash崩溃，had后接动词的过去分词形式。故选J。
【22题详解】
考查形容词。句意：中国运动服装品牌鸿星尔克周四宣布，由于其在河南洪水救援中的慷慨捐赠，该品牌在社交媒体上成为热门，并收到大量订单，其内部电脑系统已经崩溃。relief提供救济的，修饰名词donations。故选H。
【23题详解】
考查语态。句意：鸿星尔克还在直播中表示，突然的需求使其供应链不堪重负，仓库清空，生产现场满负荷运转。overwhelm压倒；淹没，与its supply chain之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。根据is可知，用动词的过去分词形式。故选A。
【24题详解】
考查名词。句意：该品牌一直在财务上挣扎，但上周承诺向河南省灾区捐赠价值5000万元(775万美元)的资金和物资。河南省暴雨和洪水继续迫使人们疏散。worth价值， 名词worth + of + 复数名词。故选C。
【25题详解】
考查动词。句意：截至周四，死亡人数为99人。stand at (测得特定数)达到，根据时间状语可知，用一般过去时。故选B。
【26题详解】
考查动词。句意：数据显示，上周三和周四，该品牌在电商平台淘宝上的直播平均浏览量不足6000人。averaged取平均值；达到平均水平，根据时间状语last week Wednesday and Thursday可知，用一般过去时。故选G。
【27题详解】
考查形容词。句意：由于缺少足够的员工来处理所有订单，鸿星尔克在淘宝天猫上的店铺警告用户，目前购买的商品将需要两周以上的时间发货——就中国的网上购物标准而言，这是异常漫长的等待时间。resulting结果的，修饰名词orders。故选F。
【28题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：鸿星尔克于2000年在中国东南部城市厦门成立，拥有约3万名员工，去年收入约为人民币28亿元，远不及国内竞争对手安踏的355亿元。pale相形见绌，显得逊色，与逻辑主语Erke之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故选D。
【29题详解】
考查副词。句意：我也想借此机会要求你们有意识地花钱。consciously 有意识地，修饰动词spend，用副词形式。选E。
【30题详解】
考查动词。句意：据媒体报道，全国各地的人们纷纷涌向鸿星尔克的门店表示支持。swarm云集；挤满，充满，根据have可知，用动词的过去分词形式。故选I。
(B)
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. stretch；B. expectancy；C. fund；D. highlight；E. appealed；F. set
G. package；H. send；I. vehicle；J. blow；K. beaten
On her return to England, 22-year- old Amy and her boy friend Neal decided to take “the road less travelled”. They drove across Mozambique, one of the poorest countries in Africa, but it wasn’t exactly a holiday. Mozambique had two qualities which ___31___ to them: great attraction as a travel destination and local people who badly needed help. Once there, the couple got off the ___32___ track and headed for Quirimbas National Park, where they found a tiny ___33___ of white sand close to a village. Life in the village was hard: there was little clean water and not enough food. Health care was poor and people in the village had a life ___34___ of 38 years. Amy and Neal had no qualifications in tourism or health care but they had common sense, enthusiasm and determination. The couple ___35___ to work on a beach lodge, building beach huts from local materials and employing people from the area. Once the lodge was complete, they set up a charitable foundation called NEMA, which received 5% of the money made. This money was used to create clean water points, ___36___ health care projects, build two primary schools and support conservation projects-it helped to improve the lives of thousands of people. “We wanted 40 to show the world the power of tourism, that it could be a ___37___ for change, says Amy.
It isn’t easy to get to this village. It’s not a typical ___38___ holiday with airport pick-ups and drop-offs. There’s no public transport, either. The nearest city is about 260 kilometers away and once there, you have to take a boat or go on a three-hour car journey along badly maintained roads. But the village lodge is worth the effort. Today the lodge as has nine beach huts, with beautiful sea views. There are no overpriced gift rip shops and other tourist traps, It’s the perfect place to take time out, escape the crowds and soak up the sun. Visitors can see the sights- explore the island nearby with a tour guide, go scuba-diving or observe African wildlife. But the ___39___ for many is getting to know people in the village, taking part in festivals and learning about NEMA’s work.” People who stay with us often come for the diving or the beach,” says Amy,” but it’s the communities that really ___40___ them away.”
【答案】31. E 32. K
33. A 34. B
35. F 36. C
37. I 38. G
39. D 40. J
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了22岁的艾米和她的男朋友尼尔去非洲最贫穷的国家之一莫桑比克旅行的经历以及他们在当地的所见所闻所感。
【31题详解】
考查动词。句意：莫桑比克有两个特点吸引他们：作为旅游目地的巨大吸引力和当地人民迫切需要帮助。 空处作谓语，表示“吸引”应用appeal，结合上文had可知为一般过去时。故填appealed。故选E。
【32题详解】
考查形容词。句意：到了那里，这对情侣离开了常规路线，前往基林巴斯国家公园，他们在一个村庄附近发现了一小片白色的沙滩。结合句意表示“偏僻地”可知短语为off the beaten track。故填beaten。故选K。
【33题详解】
考查名词。句意：到了那里，这对情侣离开了常规路线，前往基林巴斯国家公园，他们在一个村庄附近发现了一小片白色的沙滩。作宾语，结合句意表示“沙滩”应用名词stretch，冠词a提示用单数。故填stretch。故选A。
【34题详解】
考查名词。句意：卫生保健很差，村里的人平均寿命只有38岁。结合句意表示“平均寿命”短语为life expectancy。故填expectancy。故选B。
【35题详解】
考查动词。句意：这对情侣开始在海滩小屋工作，用当地的材料建造海滩小屋，并雇佣当地的人。结合句意表示“开始做某事”可知短语为set to do sth.，此处为一般过去时。故填set。故选F。
【36题详解】
考查动词。句意：这笔钱被用来建立清洁的供水点、资助医疗项目、建造两所小学并支持保护项目——它帮助改善了成千上万人的生活。根据后文health care projects以及语境可知应填动词fund，作谓语，且上文为短语be used to do sth.。故填fund。故选C。
【37题详解】
考查名词。句意：“我们想向世界展示旅游业的力量，它可以成为改变的工具，”Amy说。结合句意表示“工具”应填名词vehicle，冠词a提示用单数。故填vehicle。故选I。
【38题详解】
考查名词。句意：这不是一个典型的带飞机接送的包价度假。结合句意表示“包价旅行”短语为package holiday。故填package。故选G。
【39题详解】
考查名词。句意：但对许多人来说，最重要的是认识村里的人，参加节日活动，了解NEMA的工作。结合句意表示“重要的部分”应用名词highlight，作主语，故填highlight。故选D。
【40题详解】
考查动词。句意：“和我们住在一起的人经常来这里潜水或在海滩游玩，”艾米说，“但真正让他们惊讶的是这里的社区。”空处作谓语，表示“让某人大吃一惊”为短语blow sb. away，且结合上文is可知为一般现在时，主语为communities，谓语用原形。故填blow。故选J。
Ⅲ. Reading Comprehensions
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage, there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Faster, cheaper, better — technology is one field many people rely upon to offer a vision of a brighter future. But as the 2020s dawn, ___41___ is in short supply. The new technologies ___42___ the past decade seem to mess up the things. Social media are better known for invading privacy, spreading fake news. E-commerce is ___43___ with underpaying workers and exacerbating inequality. Parents worry that smartphones have turned their children into screen-addicted zombies.
___44___ the technologies expected to dominate the new decade also seem to cast a dark shadow. Artificial intelligence (AI) may well threaten your job. Autonomous cars still do not work, but manage to kill people all the same. Internet giants have changed from talent ___45___ to outcasts (被排斥者). The New York Times sums up the gloom. “A mood of pessimsim”, it writes, has ___46___” the idea of inevitable progress born in the scientific and industrial revolutions.”
___47___ that particular technologies might be doing more harm than good, have arisen before. In the 1970s the gloom was prompted by concerns about overpopulation, environmental damage and the prospect of nuclear immolation. The 1920s witnessed a backlash against cars, which had earlier been seen as a ___48___ answer to the affliction of horse-drawn vehicles — which filled the streets with noise and dung, and caused congestion and accidents. Similarly, in the 19th century industrialization was greeted with ___49___ from socialists, who worried (with good reason) about the displacement of skilled artisans.
However, that pessimism can be ____50____ .Too often people focus on the drawbacks of a new technology while taking its benefits for granted. Worries about screen time should be ____51____ the much more substantial benefits of instant communication and the easy access to information and entertainment that smartphones make possible. A further danger is something Carl Benedikt Frey, an Oxford academic, calls a “technology trap”. Fears that robots will ____52____ people’s jobs may motivate politicians to tax them, for example, to discourage their use. ____53____ in the long run countries that wish to maintain their standard of living as their workforce ages and shrinks will need more robots, not fewer.
Any powerful technology can be used for good or ill. Technology itself has no agency: it is the ____54____ people make about it that shape the world. Thus the tech-lash is a necessary step in the adoption of important new technologies. At its best, it helps frame how society ____55____ innovations and imposes rules and policies that limit their destructive potential. Healthy skepticism means that these questions are settled by a broad debate, not by a small group of technologists.
41. A. challenge B. imagination C. optimism D. innovation
42. A. dominating B. featuring C. spoiling D. justifying
43. A. exploited B. charged C. loaded D. threatened
44. A. Undoubtedly B. Fortunately C. Frustratingly D. Importantly
45. A. spells B. rings C. remedies D. magnets
46. A. mirrored B. replaced C. intensified D. proved
47. A. Concerns B. Recommendations C. Expectations D. Notices
48. A. unnecessary B. commonplace C. impractical D. miraculous
49. A. competition B. reform C. criticism D. applause
50. A. adjusted B. extended C. underestimated D. overdone
51. A. combined with B. weighed against C. substituted for D. compared to
52. A. steal B. facilitate C. generate D. assess
53. A. Likewise B. Furthermore C. However D. Therefore
54. A. assumptions B. choices C. warnings D. criticisms
55. A. comes up with B. comes clean with C. comes out with D. comes to terms with
【答案】41. C 42. A 43. B 44. C 45. D 46. B 47. A 48. C 49. D 50. D 51. B 52. A 53. C 54. B 55. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。作者从近些年火热起来的电子商务，网约车，零点经济等入手，介绍了科技给人们带来巨大便利的同时也使很多人感到担忧，从而提出人们如何选择和使用科技才是使社会进步的关键。
【41题详解】
考查名词词义的辨析。句意：但随着21世纪20年代的到来，乐观情绪却变得不足。A. challenge挑战；B. imagination想象；C. optimism乐观；D. innovation新事物；新方法。根据前文“ technology is one field many people rely upon to offer a vision of a brighter future”可知，这是一种乐观情绪，句中的“But”与前一句语义转折。故选C。
【42题详解】
考查现在分词词义的辨析。句意：主导过去十年的新技术似乎把事情搞得一团糟。A. dominating主导；B. featuring以……为特色； C. spoiling溺爱；糟蹋；D. justifying证明合法。根据前文“technology is one field many people rely upon to offer a vision of a brighter future.”可知以前人们依靠新技术创造美好的未来，新技术是主导地位。故选A。
【43题详解】
考查过去分词词义的辨析。句意：电子商务被指控给工人的工资过低，加剧了不平等。A. exploited开发，开拓；B. charged收费；控告；C. loaded装上；装进；D. threatened使害怕。下文是“underpaying workers and exacerbating inequality”，根据谓语与宾语语义上的合理搭配及前文对新技术的缺点的描写可知此处电子商务被指控给工人的工资过低，加剧了不平等。be charged with意为：承担，被控告。故选B。
【44题详解】
考查副词词义的辨析。句意：令人沮丧的是，预计将主导未来十年的技术似乎也投下了阴影。A. Undoubtedly毫无疑问地；B. Fortunately幸运地；C. Frustratingly沮丧地；D. Importantly重要地。根据下文“Artificial intelligence (AI) may well threaten your job. Autonomous cars still do not work, but manage to kill people all the same.( 人工智能(AI)可能会威胁到你的工作。自动驾驶汽车仍然不能工作，但仍然设法杀死人。)”可知主导未来十年的技术也不容乐观。故选C。
【45题详解】
考查名词词义的辨析。句意：互联网巨头已经从人才磁铁变成了弃儿。A. spells魅力；B. rings吊环；C. remedies救济方法；解决方法；药品；D. magnets磁铁。根据“have changed from talent ___5___ to outcasts (被排斥者)”可知互联网巨头以前很吸引人才。故选D。
【46题详解】
考查过去分词词义的辨析。句意：报告写道，“悲观情绪”已经取代了“科学和工业革命必然会带来进步的想法”。A. mirrored反射；映照；B. replaced代替；C. intensified增强；加强；D. proved证明。根据下文“” the idea of inevitable progress born in the scientific and industrial revolutions.””及“However, that pessimism can be ___10___”可知此处指“悲观情绪”已经取代了“科学和工业革命必然会带来进步的想法”。故选B。
【47题详解】
考查名词词义的辨析。句意：以前就有人担心某些技术弊大于利。A. Concerns 担心；B. Recommendations推荐；C. Expectations期望；D. Notices条款；通知。根据下文“particular technologies might be doing more harm than good, have arisen before.”及后面所列举的事例可知此处指的是人们的担心。故选A。
【48题详解】
考查形容词词义的辨析。句意：20世纪20年代发生了一场反对汽车的运动，早些时候，人们认为汽车是解决马车痛苦的不切实际的办法，因为马车使街道充满了噪音和粪便，造成了交通堵塞和事故。A. unnecessary没有必要的；B. commonplace平凡的；不足为奇的；C. impractical不切实际的；D. miraculous奇迹般的。根据前文“The 1920s witnessed a backlash against cars,”可推知当上人们反对汽车，认为汽车代替马车是不切实际的。故选C。
【49题详解】
考查名词词义的辨析。句意：同样，在19世纪，工业化受到了社会主义者的欢迎，他们担心(有很好的理由)熟练技工的流失。A. competition竞争；B. reform改革；C. criticism批评； D. applause鼓掌欢迎；掌声。根据前文“was greeted with”可知此处指受到欢迎。故选D。
【50题详解】
考查形容词词义的辨析。句意：然而，这种悲观情绪可能过头了。A. adjusted调整过的；调节了的；B. extended延伸的；扩大的；C. underestimated低估了的；D. overdone做得过分的。上一段落举了人们担心新技术弊大于利的几个例子，本句中的“However”一转折，可以推知此处指人们担心太过头了。故选D。
【51题详解】
考查动词短语词义的辨析。句意：我们应该在对屏幕时间的担忧与即时通讯以及智能手机带来的信息和娱乐便捷等更为实质性的好处之间进行权衡。A. combined with与……连接；B. weighed against权衡；掂量；与之相当；C. substituted for代替；取代；D. compared to把……比作。根据下文“Any powerful technology can be used for good or ill. ”可知此处我们要懂得权衡利弊。故选B。
【52题详解】
考查动词词义的辨析。句意：对机器人会抢走人们工作的担忧可能会促使政客们对机器人征税，例如，阻止它们的使用。A. steal偷；抢；B. facilitate使更容易，使便利；C. generate使形成；发生；D. assess评定；估价。根据下文“people’s jobs”可知此处指机器人抢走人们的工作。故选A。
【53题详解】
考查副词词义的辨析。句意：然而，从长远来看，随着劳动力老龄化和萎缩，希望维持生活水平的国家将需要更多而不是更少的机器人。A. Likewise同样地；B. Furthermore更进一步； C. However然而；D. Therefore因此。根据下文“as their workforce ages and shrinks will need more robots, not fewer.” 可知此处是语义的转折。故选C。
【54题详解】
考查名词词义的辨析。句意：技术本身没有转介：是人们对它所做的选择塑造了世界。A. assumptions假定；设想；B. choices选择；C. warnings 警告；D. criticisms批评。根据上文“Any powerful technology can be used for good or ill.( 任何强大的技术都可以用于善或恶。)”可推知技术能够塑造怎样的世界在于人们的选择。故选B。
【55题详解】
考查动词短语词义的辨析。句意：在最好的情况下，它有助于框定社会如何提出创新，并实施限制其破坏性潜力的规则和政策。A. comes up with提出；B. comes clean with全盘招供；坦白交待；C. comes out with说出；发表；出版；D. comes to terms with妥协；达成协议；让步。下文是：innovations and imposes rules and policies that limit their destructive potential.，根据谓语与宾语语义上的合理搭配可知，此处指提出创新。故选A。
Section B
Directions: Read the following two passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
The Paris climate agreement finalised in December last year heralded a new era for climate action. For the first time, the world’s nations agreed to keep global warming well below2℃.
This is vital for climate-vulnerable nations. Fewer than 4% of countries are responsible for more than half of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions. In a study published in Nature Scientific Reports, we reveal just how deep this injustice runs.
Developed nations such as Australia, the United States, Canada, and European countries are essentially climate “free-riders”: causing the majority of the problems through high greenhouse gas emissions, while incurring few of the costs such as climate change’s impact on food and water. In other words, a few countries are benefiting enormously from the consumption of fossil fuels, while at the same time contributing disproportionately to the global burden of climate change.
On the flip side, there are many “forced riders”, who are suffering from the climate change impacts despite having scarcely contributed to the problem. Many of the world’s most climate-vulnerable countries, the majority of which are African of small island states, produce a very small quantity of emissions. This is much like a non-smoker getting cancer from second-hand smoke, while the heavy smoker is fortunate enough to smoke in good health.
The Paris agreement has been widely hailed as a positive step forward in addressing climate change for all, although the details on addressing “climate justice” can be best described as sketchy.
The goal of keeping global temperature rise “well below”2℃ is commendable but the emissions-reduction pledges submitted by countries leading up to the Pairs talks are very unlikely to deliver on this
More than $100 billion in funding has been put on the table for supporting developing nations to reduce emissions. However, the agreement specifies that there is no formal distinction between developed and developing nations in their responsibility to cut emissions, effectively ignoring historical emissions. There is also very little detail on who will provide the funds or, importantly, who is responsible for their provision. Securing these funds, and establishing who is responsible for raising them will also be vital for the future of climate-vulnerable countries.
The most climate-vulnerable countries in the world have contributed very little to creating the global disease from which they now suffer the most. There must urgently be a meaningful mobilisation of the polices outlined in the agreement if we are to achieve national emission reductions while helping the most vulnerable countries adapt to climate change.
And it is clearly up to the current generation of leaders from high-emitting nations to decide whether they want to be remembered as climate change tyrants or pioneers.
56. The author is critical of the Paris climate agreement because__________.
A. it is unfair to those climate-vulnerable nations
B. it aims to keep temperature rise below 2℃ only
C. it is beneficial to only fewer than 4% of countries
D. it burdens developed countries with the sole responsibility.
57. Why does the author compare the “forced riders” to second-hand smokers?
A. They have little responsibility for public health problems.
B. They are vulnerable to unhealthy environmental conditions.
C They have to bear consequences they are not responsible for.
D. They are unaware of the potential risks they are confronting.
58. What does the author say about the $100 billion funding?
A. It will motivate all nations to reduce carbon emissions.
B. There is no final agreement on where it will come from.
C. There is no clarification of how the money will be spent.
D. It will effectively reduce greenhouse emissions worldwide.
59. What urgent action must be taken to realize the Paris climate agreement?
A. Encouraging high-emitting nations to take the initiative.
B. Calling on all the nations concerned to make joint efforts.
C. Pushing the current world leaders to come to a consensus.
D. Putting in effect the policies in the agreement at once.
【答案】56. A 57. C 58. B 59. D
【解析】
【分析】本文为说明文。去年12月敲定的《巴黎气候协定》标志着气候行动进入了一个新时代，世界各国首次同意将全球变暖保持在2℃以下，在解决气候变化问题上向前迈出了积极的一步。但全球温室气体排放量的一半以上是由不到4%的国家造成的，可他们对引发的问题付出极小的代价。而世界上最易受气候影响的国家对造成全球疾病的贡献微乎其微，而这些疾病正是他们现在所遭受的最大痛苦。没有考虑历史问题来处理这件事是不公正的。
【56题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段This is vital for climate-vulnerable nations. Fewer than 4% of countries are responsible for more than half of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions. In a study published in Nature Scientific Reports, we reveal just how deep this injustice runs.（这对气候脆弱的国家至关重要。不到4%的国家对全球一半以上的温室气体排放负有责任。在《自然科学报告》上发表的一项研究中，我们揭示了这种不公平的程度。）以及第五段The Pairs agreement has been widely hailed as a positive step forward in addressing climate change for all, although the details on addressing “climate justice” can be best described as sketchy.（巴黎协议被广泛称赞为在解决所有人的气候变化问题上迈出的积极一步，尽管解决“气候正义”问题的细节可以用粗略来形容。）可知作者对巴黎气候协议持批评态度，因为它对那些气候脆弱的国家不公平。故选A。
【57题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中Many of the world’s most climate-vulnerable countries, the majority of which are African of small island states, produce a very small quantity of emissions. This is much like a non-smoker getting cancer from second-hand smoke, while the heavy smoker is fortunate enough to smoke in good health.（世界上许多最易受气候变化影响的国家，其中大多数是非洲的小岛屿国家，它们的排放量非常少。这很像一个不吸烟的人从二手烟中患上癌症，而烟瘾大的人很幸运地拥有健康的身体。）可知作者将“forced riders”比作二手吸烟者，是因为他们必须承担他们不该负的责任。故选C。
【58题详解】
细节理解题。根据第七段There is also very little detail on who will provide the funds or, importantly, who is responsible for their provision. （关于谁将提供资金，或者重要的是由谁负责提供资金的细节也很少。）可知关于这1000亿美元的资助，作者提到至于资金将从何而来，还没有最终的协议。故选B。
【59题详解】
细节理解题。根据第八段There must urgently be a meaningful mobilisation of the polices outlined in the agreement if we are to achieve national emission reductions while helping the most vulnerable countries adapt to climate change.（如果我们要在帮助最脆弱的国家适应气候变化的同时实现国家减排，就必须立即有效地动员协议中概述的各项政策。）可知为了实现巴黎气候协议，必须立即实施协议中的政策。故选D。
【点睛】文章主题和中心思想的阐述往往需要大量细节信息的支持，这些细节对于理解全文内容至关重要，同时也是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础。命题人往往会要求考生根据不同的要求阅读文章，以获得某些特定的信息，或准确地寻求所需的细节，并对细节进行直接或间接辨认和理解。有一种文章细节理解题是一一对应型。答案与题目在表达形式和意义上直接吻合，一一对应，一目了然。属于浅层次的阅读试题，分数比例较少。解答此类试题时，不必通篇细看原文，而应采取“带着问题找答案”的方法，先从问题中抓住关键性词语（题眼），然后以此为线索，运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的：段落、语句，仔细品味，对照比较，确定答案。如第三小题，根据第七段There is also very little detail on who will provide the funds or, importantly, who is responsible for their provision. （关于谁将提供资金，或者重要的是由谁负责提供资金的细节也很少。）可知关于这1000亿美元的资助，作者提到至于资金将从何而来，还没有最终的协议。故选B。
(B)
Villa d’Este, Tivoli (Italy) --- Official Site Useful Information
Call Center 199766166
Number to dial from all of Italy for pre-sales and reservations for: tickets, guided tours, school groups, instructional visits.
Bookings from abroad:
email: villadestetivoli@teleart.org fax: 0039 0412770747
Visiting Hours:
Opening 8.30 – closed one hour before sunset.
The ticket office closes one hour before the closing of the monument.
The hydraulic organ of the Organ Fountain is active daily, from 10.30 am, every two hours.
The Fontana della Civetta functions daily, from 10.00 am, every two hours.
Ticket Prices:
(from May 17 to October 20, 2015)
Full ticket (exhibition + villa and gardens, not divisible): €11.
Reduced ticket: €7.
These prices will be valid during the daytime openings of the Villa until the closure of the exhibition, due on the 20th of October, 2015 (From the 22nd of October, 2015)
Full ticket: €8 Reduced ticket €4
These fares may vary in conjunction with exhibitions set inside the Villa. The right to purchase reduced price tickets belongs to all citizens of the European Union between the ages of 18 and 24 as well as permanent teachers of state schools (upon presentation of identity documents).
School Visits:
Reservations are required. The management of Villa d’Este, in the aim of preserving the monument and better distributing the flow of students, has limited the number of students allowed into the Villa to 100 students per hour. Should any school group arrive at the Villa without having made a reservation, it will be admitted to the Villa according to space availability at a particular time and asked to wait until such space becomes available. Right of reservation cost: €1,00.
Notices:
Certain areas of the villa may be closed for restoration: for information inquire at the ticket office. Please pay particular attention to the areas marked with signs indicating danger (in Italian: pericolo).
60. How can a visiting Chinese professor of architecture in Rome make a booking?
A. By dialing 199766166.
B. By writing an email to villadestetivili@teleart.org.
C. By calling 0039 04127 19036.
D. By sending a fax to 0039 0412 770747
61. The receptionist at the ticket office may recommend you to see ______first, if you arrive at 10.25 am.
A. the exhibition inside the villa B. the Organ Fountain
C. the gardens D. the Fontana della Civetta
62. Why are reservations essential for school visits?
A. Reservations are more economical.
B. Reservations enable as many students as possible to visit the monument.
C. Reservations ensure a pleasant visit for students and a manageable one of the Villa.
D. Reservation fees can help preserve the site.
【答案】60. A 61. B 62. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要描写了意大利蒂沃利的埃斯特别墅的一些基本信息，例如预定方式，联系号码，票价等。
【60题详解】
细节理解题。由原文Call Center 199766166可知，在罗马访问的中国建筑教授可通过拨打上面的电话预订房间，故A项正确。
【61题详解】
判断推理题。由原文The hydraulic organ of the Organ Fountain is active daily, from 10.30 am, every two hours.可知，风琴喷泉的液压风琴每天从上午10:30开始喷射，每两个小时喷射一次。故如果“你”早上10:25到达，售票处的接待员可能会推荐游客去这玩耍。故选B。
【62题详解】
细节理解题。由原文in the aim of preserving the monument and better distributing the flow of students可知，预定是为了“保护古迹及更有效地分配学生流量”。故选C。
(C)
The legend of the potential third runway at Heathrow, Britain’s largest airport, has been called the longest take-off in history. A commission in 1993 recommended expansion, and the government first favored the plan in 2003. But it was not until 2018 that the transport secretary finally gave the project the go ahead. A court of Appeal ruling in February 2020 that the runway was not compatible with Britain’s obligations under the Paris climate agreement of 2015 appeared to have finally spoiled the plans. But on December 16h the Supreme Court overturned that judgment and once more green-lit the project.
The initial Court of Appeal judgment found that the government’s decision to allow the expansion to go ahead was unlawful because Chris Grayling, then transport secretary, had failed to take the Paris agreement into account. While that was a blow to Heathrow, it helped get Boris Johnson’s government out of trouble. Mr. Johnson, whose own constituency (选民) is near the airport, has been a fierce critic of the expansion plans, famously pledging to protesters that he would “lie down with you in front of those bulldozers (推土机) and ... stop the construction.” The government chose not to appeal, but Heathrow did; and the Supreme Court decided that the government had taken Paris into account, and the Court of Appeal was therefore wrong.
Even so, the expansion may not go ahead. While the airline industry has long championed a third runway, much has changed since February 2020. British Airways, Heathrow’s largest customer, has become skeptical about the plans. Earlier this year Willie Walsh, the chief executive of BA’s parent company, argued that “it was a Herculean task (艰巨的任务) before COVID and I think it’s impossible now”. Although air travel will almost certainly rebound as social-distancing restrictions are eased in 2021, the industry is not expecting a quick recovery. The International Air Travel Association, a lobby group, expects that global spending on air travel will be about half of 2019 levels in 2021. Short-haul flights from Britain are expected to rise sharply as the vaccine is rolled out and consumers dash off to sunnier climes, but the outlook for longer-haul flights remains highly uncertain.
Analysts reckon the big unknown is the future of business travel. Firms that have grown accustomed to Zoom meetings may well be less keen to splash out on high-priced tickets from London to New York. Although business flyers account for only around 10% of transatlantic customer they pay ten to 12 times as much per ticket as economy passengers. A substantial fall in their numbers would mean large rises in ticket prices for the rest, which in turn would dent demand. If long-haul flight volumes remain depressed, then the business case for a third runway at Heathrow starts to look ropy. Boris Johnson is unlikely to have to prostrate (卧倒) himself in front of those bulldozers soon, if ever.
63. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true about the potential third runway at Heathrow?
A. It didn’t get support from the government in 2003.
B. It failed to meet the Paris climate agreement of 2015.
C. The transport secretary then in 2018 didn’t think highly of the project.
D. The Supreme Court gave the permission to construct the runway at the end of 2020.
64 Which of the following subjects is most supportive of the construction of the third runway?
A. Boris Johnson’s government
B. Heathrow airport
C. the airline industry
D. the International Air Travel Association
65 Which of the following statements can be inferred according to the passage?
A. The airline industry is expected to recover soon after the vaccine is popularized.
B. Zoom meetings make possible more frequent high-priced business travels across the Atlantic Ocean.
C. Business flyers have a limited influence on the sales and prices of air tickets.
D. Heathrow is allowed to build a third runway, but may no longer need one.
66. Which one is the best title for the passage?
A. Heathrow expansion: cleared for take-off?
B. An unknown future for the airline industry
C. A dilemma for the government: to expand or not?
D. British Airways are hungry for travelers
【答案】63. D 64. B 65. D 66. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是希思罗机场修建第三条跑道的议案所引起的争议，虽然最后议案获准，但是它的前景可能是暗淡的。
【63题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的“A court of Appeal ruling in February 2020 that the runway was not compatible with Britain’s obligations under the Paris climate agreement of 2015 appeared to have finally spoiled the plans. But on December 16h the Supreme Court overturned that judgment and once more green-lit the project”（2020年2月，上诉法院(court of Appeal)裁定，跑道不符合英国在2015年巴黎气候协议中承担的义务，这似乎最终破坏了计划。但在12月16日，最高法院推翻了这一判决，再次批准了该项目）可知，最高法院在2020年底批准建造跑道，因此D选项正确。故选D。
【64题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段的“The government chose not to appeal, but Heathrow did; and the Supreme Court decided that the government had taken Paris into account, and the Court of Appeal was therefore wrong”（政府选择不上诉，但希思罗上诉了;最高法院认为政府考虑到了巴黎，因此上诉法院是错误的）可知，希思罗机场为了建第三条跑道而上诉，因此它是最支持建设第三条跑道的，故选B。
【65题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段的“If long-haul flight volumes remain depressed, then the business case for a third runway at Heathrow starts to look ropy”（如果长途航班数量仍然低迷，那么希思罗机场修建第三条跑道的商业前景就开始变得黯淡）可知，希思罗机场获准修建第三条跑道，但可能不再需要了，故选D。
【66题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“A court of Appeal ruling in February 2020 that the runway was not compatible with Britain’s obligations under the Paris climate agreement of 2015 appeared to have finally spoiled the plans. But on December 16h the Supreme Court overturned that judgment and once more green-lit the project”（2020年2月，上诉法院(court of Appeal)裁定，跑道不符合英国在2015年巴黎气候协议中承担的义务，这似乎最终破坏了计划。但在12月16日，最高法院推翻了这一判决，再次批准了该项目），及最后一段的“A substantial fall in their numbers would mean large rises in ticket prices for the rest, which in turn would dent demand. If long-haul flight volumes remain depressed, then the business case for a third runway at Heathrow starts to look ropy”（他们数量的大幅下降将意味着其余的票价将大幅上涨，而这反过来又将削弱需求。如果长途航班数量仍然低迷，那么希思罗机场修建第三条跑道的商业前景就开始变得黯淡）可知，本文主要讲的是希思罗机场建设第三条跑道的议案虽然遭到一些反对，但是它的前景如何不确定，因此最好的题目是A选项Heathrow expansion: cleared for take-off?（希思罗机场扩建：可以起飞了吗?），故选A。
Section C
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Asking for a little can go a long way
Throughout this book we’ve attempted to provide evidence to support our claims that we can successfully move people to say yes.______67______
Along with several colleagues, one of us set out to do just that. We thought that, when asked to make a donation, even those who would like to support the charity in some way say no, because they can’t afford to donate very much, and they assume that the small amount that they can afford wouldn’t do much to help the cause. ______68______
To test this hypothesis (假设) our research assistants went door to door to request donations for the American Cancer Society. After introducing themselves, they asked the residents, “Would you be willing to help by giving a donation?” For half the residents the request ended there. ______69______
When we analyzed the results we found that, consistent with our hypothesis, people in the “even a penny will help” half of the sample were almost twice as likely to donate to the cause. And the amount the individuals gave was also found to be more or less the same in both halves, so the people in the “even a penny” half did not donate less.
______70______Applications in the workplace might be: to a co-worker regarding a joint project, “Just an hour of your time would really help,” to a co-worker whose handwriting is illegible, “Just a little more clarity would help.” The chances are that this little step in the right direction won’t prove so little after all.
A. Based on this reasoning, we thought that one way to urge people to donate in such a situation would be to inform them that even an extremely small sum would be helpful.
B. The study suggests that if you want somebody to do something for you, simply pointing out that even a little assistance on their part would be acceptable is likely to be an effective strategy.
C. For the other half, however, the research assistant added “Even a penny will help.”
D. And there's enough proof that people tend to yes when they believe what they do can help.
E. But in certain situations and environment it’s also important to understand why people say no to reasonable requests, such as a request to donate to a charity.
F. For the other half the request may end with a reason why their assistance is necessary.
【答案】67. E 68. A 69. C 70. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章通过劝人捐款的实例，劝告读者给予别人一点帮助真的能起到很大的作用。
【67题详解】
本文通过劝人捐款的实例意在劝告读者给予别人一点帮助真的能起到很大的作用。由第二段前两句“和几个同事一起，我们中的一个开始这样做。我们认为，当被要求捐款时，即使是那些想以某种方式支持慈善事业的人也会说不，因为他们负担不起太多的捐款，而且他们认为自己负担得起的小额捐款对慈善事业没有多大帮助。”可知，下文通过作者和同事去问别人捐钱给慈善机构的事，讲述了人们不捐款的原因，由原因可推断，有时人们选择不捐款也是可以理解的，因此想要人捐款，理解人们不捐款也挺重要的，承接下文，E选项“但在某些情况和环境下，理解人们为什么会拒绝合理的请求，例如向慈善机构捐款的请求，也是很重要的。”切题。故选E项。
【68题详解】
本文通过劝人捐款的实例意在劝告读者给予别人一点帮助真的能起到很大的作用。由第二段第二句“我们认为，当被要求捐款时，即使是那些想以某种方式支持慈善事业的人也会说不，因为他们负担不起太多的捐款，而且他们认为自己负担得起的小额捐款对慈善事业没有多大帮助。”和第三段首句“为了验证这一假设，我们的研究助理挨家挨户地向美国癌症协会申请捐款。”可知，人们不捐款是因为捐不起太多钱或认为小额捐款对慈善事业没有多大帮助，而且在第三段开头提到了hypothesis(假设)，说明这个“假设”在上文中提及，可推断出作者假设，如果要让人们捐款，可以告诉人们小额捐款对慈善事业也有帮助，承接上下文，A选项“基于这一推理，我们认为，在这种情况下，敦促人们捐款的一种方法就是告诉他们，即使是极少量的捐款也会有帮助。”切题。故选A项。
【69题详解】
由上一句“对于一半的居民来说，这项要求就此结束。”和第四段首句“当我们分析结果时，我们发现，与我们的假设相一致，在“哪怕一分钱也会有帮助”的样本中，有一半的人捐钱给慈善事业的可能性几乎是原来的两倍。”可知，上文的For half对应F选项和C选项中的For the other half，但只有C选项中的however体现了转折关系，引出了下文的“even a penny will help”，承接上下文，C选项“然而，对于另一半，这位研究助理补充说“哪怕一分钱也会有帮助”。”切题。故选C项。
【70题详解】
本空需要一句总结性的话来对上文请求居民捐钱给慈善机构这件事所得出的启事（哪怕一分钱也会有帮助）做个总结，只剩下B选项能起到总结作用，因为该项最后提到了an effective strategy，由下两句“在工作场所的应用程序可能是：对于一个合作项目的同事来说，“只要你花一个小时的时间就真的很有帮助”，对于一个手写不清的同事来说，“再清楚一点就有帮助了。”有可能，朝着正确方向迈出的这一小步终究不会那么小。”可知，下文中的“在工作中，只要一点点帮助就能有用”在对“哪怕一分钱也会有帮助”这个启事进行举一反三，说明“一点点帮助就能有用”是一个有效的策略，可以在职场运用这个策略让别人接受我们的意见，承接下文，B选项“这项研究表明，如果你想有人帮你做点什么，简单地指出即使是他们的一点帮助也可以接受，这可能是一个有效的策略。”切题。故选B项。
第Ⅱ卷
I. Grammar
(A)
Directions: Fill in the blanks with the proper from of the given verbs:
Few facts about modern life seem more undeniable than how busy everyone seems to be. Across the industrialized world, large numbers of survey respondents tell researchers they’re overburdened ___71___ work, at the expense of time with family and friends.
But the total time people are working, whether paid or otherwise, has not increased in Europe or North America in recent decades. What’s more, the date also show that the people who say they’re the busiest generally aren’t.
Part of the answer is simple economics. As economies grow, and the incomes of the better-off ___72___ (rise) over time, time has literally become more valuable: Any given hour is worth more, so we experience more pressure ___73___ (squeeze) in more work.
But it’s also a result of the kind of work ___74___ many of us are engaged. In the past, farming work was subject to weather limits, while at present people live in an “unlimited world,” and there are always more incoming emails, more meetings, more things to read, and digital mobile technology means you have a few more to-do list items.
With time pressure ___75___ (weigh) us down, it’s hardly surprising that we live with one eye on the clock. But psychological research demonstrates that this time-awareness actually leads to worse performance. So the ironic consequence of the “busy feeling” is that we could handle to-do list less well than if we weren’t so rushed.
Arguable___76___ (bad) of all, the feeling of rush spreads to affect our leisure time, so that even when life finally ___77___ permit an hour or two for recovery, we end up feeling that leisure time should be spent “productively,” too.
If there’s a solution to the busyness epidemic (流行病) , other than the universal 2l-hour workweek, it ___78___ lie in clearly realizing just how reasonable our attitudes have become. Historically, the ultimate symbol of wealth, achievement and social superiority was the freedom not to work. Now, it’s busyness ___79___ has become the indicator of high status. “The best-off in our society are often very busy, and have to be,” says Gershunny. “You ask me, am I busy, and I tell you: “Yes, of course I’m busy because I’m an important person!”
Too often, we measure our worth not by the results we achieve, ____80____ by how much of our time we spend. We live crazy lives, at least in part, because it makes us feel good about ourselves.
【答案】71. with
72. have risen
73. to squeeze
74. in which##where
75. weighing
76. worst 77. does
78. may 79. that
80. but
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇议论文，主要就现代社会中人们都觉得自己越来越忙碌，压力越来越大这一现象的原因做了剖析，提出了自己的见解。
【71题详解】
考查介词。句意：在工业化国家，大量受访者告诉研究人员，他们的工作负担过重，牺牲了与家人和朋友相处的时间。固定结构be overburdened with sth.意为“……负担过重”，故填with。
【72题详解】
考查现在完成时。句意：随着经济的增长，富人的收入随着时间的推移而增加，时间确实变得更有价值了。over time（随着时间的推移）常与现在完成时搭配使用，结合此处语境，收入的增长从过去开始，一直持续至今，语境适用现在完成时，且主语incomes是可数名词复数，应用have done的形式，故填have risen。
【73题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：任何一个限定的小时都显得更有价值了，所以我们有更多的压力，要“挤出”更多的工作。分析句子结构，谓语动词是experience，设空处为非谓语动词，此处可用动词不定式作后置定语，修饰pressure，表示“做某事的压力”，故填to squeeze。
【74题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：但这也是我们许多人所从事的工作的结果。分析句子结构，work后为定语从句，先行词work在句中作抽象地点状语，故可用关系副词where引导定语从句；本句还可做第二种理解，由be engaged in（从事，忙于）的结构可知，work做介词in的宾语，故可采用“介词+关系代词”的形式，即in which。综上，故填in which或where。
【75题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：随着时间的压力压得我们喘不过气来，我们一只眼睛盯着时钟也就不足为奇了。此处为非谓语动词，根据with+宾语+宾补的结构，并结合pressure与动词weigh构成逻辑上的主动关系，故可用现在分词作宾补，本题填weighing。
【76题详解】
考查最高级。句意：最糟糕的是，匆忙的感觉蔓延到我们的休闲时间。在所有当中（of all）最糟糕的，可知此语境应用bad的最高级worst，事实上worst of all是固定搭配，表示“最糟糕的是”，常作为衔接词放于句首，故填worst。
【77题详解】
考查强调句。句意：因此，即使生活最终的的确确允许一两个小时的缓冲，我们最终也会觉得休闲时间应该被“有效地”利用。分析句子结构找线索，life为第三人称单数，但谓语动词permit却使用原形；又结合此处语境，强调“的的确确允许”，故可用强调句，强调谓语动词的结构为do/does/did+动词原形，主语为第三人称单数，故填does。
【78题详解】
考查情态动词。句意：除了普遍的每周工作2小时之外，如果有解决忙碌流行病的方法，那可能就是清楚地意识到我们的态度已经变得多么合理了。分析句子，形式主语it为第三人称单数，而谓语动词lie用了原形；结合此处语境，表示一种猜测和推断，故可用情态动词may，其后接动词原形，符合题意，故填may。
【79题详解】
考查强调句。句意：现在，忙碌已经成为社会地位高的标志。分析句子结构可知，此处为强调句，句式为It+is/was+强调部分+that(who)+句子其它部分，套用于本句结构可知。强调的是主语busyness（忙碌），属于抽象事物，故只能用that，本题填that。
【80题详解】
考查连词。句意：很多时候，我们衡量自己价值的标准不是我们取得的成绩，而是我们花了多少时间。结合句意和语境，“不是……而是……”的结构是not…but…，故本题填转折词but。
(B)
Directions: Fill in the blanks with the proper from of the given verbs:
Games come to a complicated end
The flame that burned throughout one of history’s most controversial Games was extinguished Sunday as Japan brought the curtain down on the Tokyo Olympics with Closing Ceremonies that were as unusual as the event ___81___.
It was a fitting, bittersweet end to a complicated Games. ___82___ the ban on spectators meant the Games looked and felt nothing like the electric showcase of Japan that organization ___83___ - (hope) for, the Olympics nonetheless provided a much-needed respite, a burst of joy and human wonder, for viewers around the world ___84___ (exhaust) by the pandemic. Day after day over two weeks, the magic of Olympic competion cut through the gloom and isolation of the pandemic. Hour after hour, athletes emerged after years of sacrifice, self-discipline and adversity to enter the global spotlight and light ___85___ the world’s hearts with their modesty, grace and joy.
Japan proved to the world that, despite all of the criticism, it ___86___ hold an Olympic Games in the midst of a global pandemic. Some of the rules, including forcing athletes to wear masks on the podium and put medals around their own necks, might have seemed suffocating, but the thick web of restrictions ___87___ (prove) effective in allowing the competition to go ahead.
There were signs of incremental progress: There were the most gender-balanced Games and the most diversion terms of openly LGBTQ participation. Yet the empty venues also engendered a sense of loneliness and even a bitterness ___88___ the joy and achievement couldn’t wash entirely away. Likewise, the stories of resilience and indomitable spirits ___89___ (overcome) adversity couldn’t make up for the communal passion, the fervor and the fun that come with a hyped-up crowd. Athletes clutching medals and waving gamely at their far-off families on video screens couldn’t mask the absence of their families and friends.
“The pandemic Olympics featured some glorious performances, but the empty venues made them a strange ___90___ epic experience, a brief diversion from the surging delta curse,” said Jeff Kingston, a professor of political science at Temple University Japan.
【答案】81. itself
82. Although##While
83. had hoped
84. exhausted
85. up 86. could
87. proved 88. that
89. overcoming
90. rather than
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述因为疫情的影响，日本奥运会及运动员们所面临的挑战，以及疫情所赋予奥运会的新的意义。
【81题详解】
考查代词。句意：周日，日本在东京奥运会闭幕式上拉开帷幕，这场历史上最具争议性的奥运会上燃烧的火焰也随之熄灭。闭幕式与奥运会本身一样不同寻常。根据句意可知闭幕式与奥运会本身一样不同寻常，空处需要反身代词，指代event。故填itself。
【82题详解】
考查连词。句意：尽管对观众的禁令意味着奥运会的外观和感觉与该组织所在电子展示所希望的完全不同，但奥运会仍然为全世界因流感而筋疲力尽的观众提供了急需的喘息、喜悦和人类奇迹。分析句子结构可知，空处需要填从属连词。句子前后为转折关系，所以需要填although/while“尽管”。故填Although/While。
【83题详解】
考查时态。句意：尽管对观众的禁令意味着奥运会的外观和感觉与该组织所在电子展示所希望的完全不同，但奥运会仍然为全世界因流感而筋疲力尽的观众提供了急需的喘息、喜悦和人类奇迹。分析句子结构，hope为that从句中的谓语动词，而且此动作发生在主句的谓语动作之前，表示过去的过去，用过去完成时态。故填had hoped。
【84题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管对观众的禁令意味着奥运会的外观和感觉与该组织所在电子展示所希望的完全不同，但奥运会仍然为全世界因流感而筋疲力尽的观众提供了急需的喘息、喜悦和人类奇迹。句中的谓语动词provided，空处为非谓语动词，和所修饰的名词之间为动宾关系，所以用过去分词作定语。故填exhausted。
【85题详解】
考查介词。句意：在经历了多年的牺牲、自律和逆境后，运动员们一小时又一小时地出现在世界的聚光灯下，用他们的谦逊、优雅和欢乐照亮了全世界的心。根据前面的light和后文“ the world’s hearts ”可知，是照亮了全世界的心，light up“照亮”。故填up。
【86题详解】
考查情态动词。句意：日本向全世界证明，尽管有这么多批评，但它可以在全球流行病肆虐的情况下举办奥运会。根据句意可知，日本可以在全球流行病肆虐的情况下举办奥运会，说明具备举办奥运会的能力。could可以表示过去一般的能力，即想做某事就随时可做某事的能力。故填could。
【87题详解】
考查动词。句意：一些规则，包括强迫运动员在领奖台上戴口罩，并将奖牌戴在自己的脖子上，可能看起来令人窒息，但事实证明，厚厚的限制网有效地让比赛得以进行。分析句子结构，空处为句子的谓语动词，时态为一般过去时态。故填proved。
【88题详解】
考查定语从句引导词。句意：然而，空空的场馆也产生了一种孤独感，甚至是一种痛苦，这是喜悦和成就无法完全冲走的。空后为定语从句，修饰先行词“a sense of loneliness and even a bitterness”，在定语从句中作主语，故填that。
【89题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：同样地，关于坚韧和不屈不挠的精神战胜逆境的故事也无法弥补那些兴奋的人群带来的共同的热情和乐趣。句中的谓语动词为couldn’t make up，空处需要非谓语动词，和所修饰的名词之间为主谓关系，所以用现在非常作定语。故填overcoming。
【90题详解】
考查连词。句意：日本坦普尔大学政治学教授杰夫·金斯顿说：“在大流行病时期的奥运会有一些精彩的表演，但空荡荡的场馆让他们有了一次奇怪而非史诗般的经历，短暂地摆脱了汹涌的德拉诅咒。”根据句意可知，空荡荡的场馆让他们有了一次奇怪而非史诗般的经历。rather than “而不是”，符合语境。故填rather than。
Ⅱ. Translation. (20’)
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English using the words given in the brackets.
91. 接种疫苗有利于抗击疫情，但要大规模推广还需要克服很多难题。(beneficial)(汉译英)
【答案】Vaccination is beneficial in fighting the epidemic, but there are many challenges to overcome before it can be rolled out on a large scale.
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查形容词，时态和固定短语。句子描述客观事实，因此时态是一般现在时。“接种疫苗”是vaccination，“有利于”是beneficial，“抗击疫情”是fighting the epidemic，接种疫苗是在抗击疫情方面有利，因此fighting前加in；“但”是but，“有很多难题”用there be句型，翻译成there are many challenges，“需要克服”用不定式表将来，用主动变被动，翻译成“to overcome”，“要大规模推广”也就是“在大规模推广前”，“大规模”是on a large scale，“推广”即疫苗被推广，是it can be rolled out。因此句子翻译为Vaccination is beneficial in fighting the epidemic, but there are many challenges to overcome before it can be rolled out on a large scale。故答案为Vaccination is beneficial in fighting the epidemic, but there are many challenges to overcome before it can be rolled out on a large scale.。
92. 仅仅依靠自己的感觉而不做可行性分析，你是很难保证实验结果符合自己的预期。(Only) (汉译英)
【答案】Only relying on your gut feeling without doing a feasibility study, it's hard to make sure that the results are what you expect.
【解析】
【详解】考查现在分词，固定短语和表语从句。句子描述客观事实，因此时态用一般现在时。“仅仅”是Only，“依靠自己的感觉”是rely on your gut feeling，在句中用现在分词表主动，作状语，“而不做可行性分析”是without doing a feasibility study，是用动名词作宾语；“很难做某事”是it's hard to do sth.，“保证”是make sure that，“实验结果符合自己的预期”是the results are what you expect，是what引导的表语从句，因此句子翻译为“Only relying on your gut feeling without doing a feasibility study, it's hard to make sure that the results are what you expect”。故答案为Only relying on your gut feeling without doing a feasibility study, it's hard to make sure that the results are what you expect。
93. 他自幼接触中西文化，博览全书，这为他未来的写作生涯奠定了坚实的基础。(expose, which) (汉译英)
【答案】He has been exposed to Chinese and Western culture since childhood and has read many books, which has laid a solid foundation for his future writing career.
【解析】
【详解】考查短语及非限制性定语从句。接触应用短语“be exposed to”，中西文化应用“Chinese and Western culture”，时间状语自幼“since childhood”，博览群书应用“read many books”，后接which引导的非限制性定语从句，关系代词which指代前边的一整句话，在从句中充当主语，短语为...奠定坚实基础应为“lay a solid foundation for ...”，未来的写作生涯为“his future writing career”，结合句意及时间标志词可知，要使用现在完成时，故翻译为He has been exposed to Chinese and Western culture since childhood and has read many books, which has laid a solid foundation for his future writing career.