人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第四册Unit 3 Sea Exploration学案

Unit 3　Sea Exploration

Reading and Thinking

词汇积淀·素养初探

Ⅰ. 根据语境写出正确的单词

1. a fairy tale (故事)

2. a wine/grain merchant (商人; 批发商)

3. extend (扩展) the legs of the folding table

4. negotiate (商定) a contract

5. a fleet (舰队) of 20 sailing ships

6. behold (看见) a tiny figure in the distance

7. in the same league (等级; 水平)

8. a royal (皇家的) visit

9. a row of spice (香料) jars

10. withdraw (撤回) her application

11. a reliable channel (渠道) of information

12. the largest maritime (海的) museum of its kind

13. the bond (纽带; 关系) of friendship

Ⅱ. 根据语境用恰当的介、副词填空

1. I’ve managed to negotiate a five per cent pay increase with my boss.

2. A fleet of French ships was sighted in the North Sea.

3. The ski jump was out of his league.  

4. Eleven million bottles of water had to be withdrawn from sale due to a health scare.

5. There has been a close bond between them ever since she saved him from drowning.

6. They’ve had plenty of time to prepare,  so the arrangements should be well in hand.

Ⅲ. 翻译下列课文原句, 并观察黑体部分

1. To complete the great map of the world was a strong passion for the people of early civilisations.

完成这幅伟大的世界地图对早期文明的人们来说是一种强烈的热情。

2. In ancient times,  silk from China found its way overland to India,  the Middle East,  and Rome,  along what became known as the Silk Road.

在古代, 中国丝绸经由一条陆路运到印度、中东和罗马, 这条路就是有名的“丝绸之路”。

3. Over the centuries,  further trading allowed more exploration of the regions to the west of China,  as recorded in Du Huan’s Record of My Travels in the eighth century.

几个世纪以来, 随着贸易的进一步发展, 中国西部地区得到了更多的探索, 正如杜欢在8世纪的《经行记》中所记载的那样。

4. Although China withdrew from further expeditions after 1433, these land and sea routes remained active channels between other cultures for centuries.

虽然中国在1433年后退出了进一步的探险, 但这些陆路和海路在几个世纪里仍然是其他文化之间活跃的通道。

5. Hundreds of years on,  and with the latest technology in hand,  the need to trade and the desire to enhance relationships will drive China to reach out across the sea far into the future.

几百年过去了, 在掌握了最新技术的情况下, 贸易的需要和增进关系的愿望将推动中国跨越海洋走向遥远的未来。

阅读精研·素养构建

Ⅰ. 文本整体理解: 理清文章架构

1. Skim the passage and fill in the blanks

2. What is the text type of the passage?

A. Narration. (记叙文)

B. Argumentative essay. (议论文)

C. Expository writing. (说明文)

D. Practical writing.  (应用文)

答案: A

Ⅱ. 文本细节理解: 探寻语篇细节信息

Choose the best answer

1. Where did people meet to do business?

A. Ceylon.    B. India.

C. Rome.     D. China.

2. Which word can be used to describe Zheng He’s fleet?

A. Impressive.     B. Worrisome.

C. Aggressive.     D. Fearful.

3. Where did China explore with other countries?

A. The Red Sea.

B. The Arctic.

C. The South China Sea.

D. The east coast of Africa.

4. Why did China start the Belt and Road Initiative?

A. To begin a trading route on the ocean.

B. To make business with neighboring countries.

C. To spread the culture of China to other countries.

D. To strengthen the relationship between China and other countries.

答案: 1～4. AABD

Ⅲ. 文本素养提升: 阅读技能综合运用

1. 根据课文语境与语句知识细致解构语句

译文: 随着作为“一带一路”倡议组成部分的“21世纪海上丝绸之路”的提出, 郑和航行过的古代航道而今再度受到关注。

译文: 郑和的古代海路虽已被多次游历, 但仍有许多地方有待探索。

2. 根据课文内容填空

3. 阅读主题活动

(1)How Did Marco Polo change the world?

Marco Polo changed the world by writing a book about his travels from Venice to the court of Kublai Khan in China. His account of his journeys inspired other adventurers,  such as the explorer Christopher Columbus,  who always carried a copy of Polo’s book. Maps he brought back helped to develop European cartography,  and he introduced Europe to Chinese innovations such as paper money,  coal,  eyeglasses and a postal service.  

(2)What is “Belt and Road Initiative”?

China’s “Belt and Road Initiative” (BRI) is a planned multitrillion-dollar infrastructure program that is intended to link China with more than 100 countries through railroad,  shipping and energy projects.  

The BRI will recreate the Silk Road,  an old network of trading routes between the East and the West,  by investing large sums of money into other countries to build such infrastructure projects.  

The “belt” will consist of land routes connecting economies in Asia,  Europe,  Africa and Europe. The “road” —while not actually a road — will connect various ocean routes through these areas.  

(3)Why and how do scientists study the Arctic? 

Today,  scientists study the Arctic to learn more about how climate and weather are changing. They investigate how Arctic climate and weather interact with the rest of the world,  and are working to understand how climate change will affect the region. To study the Arctic,  researchers sometimes travel to the field to conduct experiments or make observations. They study the properties of snow and sea ice,  digging snow pits to examine the properties of snow,  or measuring the thickness of sea ice by hand to determine how the ice cover is changing. Researchers also study the frozen ground and permafrost that covers much of the Arctic lands. And biologists research the unique plants and animals that live in the Arctic.  

要点精研·素养奠基

1. set sail起航; 开航

*However,  merchants and explorers from the East set sail from east to west many years before Columbus first did.

然而, 来自于东方的商人和探险家比哥伦布从东向西航行早了许多年。

*A committee has been set up to organize social events in the college. 学院成立了一个委员会来组织社会活动。

*She set out with the aim of becoming the youngest ever winner of the championship.

她怀着成为有史以来最年轻的冠军的目标出发了。

*News that the claims might be true set off widespread panic. 这一说法可能属实的消息引发了广泛的恐慌。

*How do senior managers set about making these decisions? 

高级管理人员如何着手做出这些决定?

set up　　　 建立; 安装好; 设置; 引发; 产生

set out   出发; 动身; 启航; 开始工作(to do);

安排; 布置; 陈述; 阐明

set off   动身; 出发; 引起; 爆炸

set about  开始; 着手(+doing sth. )
【即学活用】语法填空

(1)They’ve set up a fund for victims of the earthquake.

(2)They set out to discover a cure for cancer.

(3)The global financial crisis set off a reduction in debt and of excess demand in overconsuming countries.

(4) On arriving there,  they set about doing the experiment.

2. extend vt. 扩展; 使伸长; 延长

*A trading route across the sea was also extended along the coasts of the Indian Ocean,  centred around Ceylon (now Sri Lanka). 在印度洋沿岸, 以锡兰(现在的斯里兰卡)为中心, 开辟了一条跨海贸易路线。

*The meeting extended late into the night. 会议继续到深夜。

*High unemployment extends over the whole of Britain.

高失业率遍及整个英国。

*The chapter extends to a hundred pages.

这一章节长达100页。

extend into sth. 　　　 扩大或延长到……

extend over sth.    (使)持续, 延续

extend to sth.     (使)达到, 伸展到

【即学活用】语法填空

(1)The ancient Romans extended their empire into Asia.

(2)The examinations extend over two weeks.

(3)There is a proposal to extend the road to the next village.

3. negotiate vt. 商定; 达成(协议)vi. 谈判; 磋商; 协商

*Here,  merchants from China and many other places met to negotiate trade deals,  which also led to more awareness of each other’s cultures. 在这里, 来自中国和许多其他地方的商人聚集在一起谈判贸易协议, 这也使人们更加了解彼此的文化。

*The delegates have just arrived to negotiate a formal agreement with us on the boundary affairs.

代表团刚到, 将与我们就边境事件进行谈判以签订正式协议。

*We finally negotiated them into making concessions.

我们终于通过谈判使他们作出了让步。

*The two sides are negotiating about it.

双方就此事正在交涉。

negotiate about (for) sth. 　　　　　 就某事进行交涉

negotiate sb. /sth.  into sth. /v. -ing  通过谈判使……进入/做某事

negotiate with sb.       与某人进行交涉(以达成协议)

【即学活用】语法填空

(1)The two countries are negotiating for a peaceful settlement.

(2)He succeeded in negotiating his country into the WTO.

(3)They have decided to negotiate with the boss about their wage claims.

4. league n. 等级; 水平; 联合会; 联赛

*These fleets were a sight to behold and were in a league of their own at that time.

这些舰队蔚为壮观, 独领风骚。

*He was so complicated,  just someone way out of her league.

他是那么老于世故, 与她完全是两路人。

*She was in league with her mother to embarrass me.

她和她母亲联合起来叫我下不了台。

*As a woodworker,  Bill wishes he were in the same league as Carl,  who is a master carpenter. 作为一名木工, 比尔希望他能和卡尔水平相当, 成为像他一样的木匠大师。

in a different league 　　 另一类型的人(物)

in league with     和……联合, 和……勾结

in the same league    同一档次(等级)

out of sb. ‘s league    不是某一类人

【即学活用】语法填空

(1)They are not in the same league.

(2)He is a bit out of your league.

(3)He is privately in league with some bandits.

5. withdraw vi. & vt. (withdrew,  withdrawn)(使)撤回; 撤离

*Although China withdrew from further expeditions after 1433,  these land and sea routes remained active channels between other cultures for centuries. 虽然中国在1433年后退出了进一步的探险, 但这些陆路和海路在几个世纪里仍然是其他文化之间活跃的通道。

*I wish to withdraw my name from the guest list.

我希望把我的名字从客人名单上划掉。

*They have withdrawn to a safer area.

他们已经撤退到更为安全的地带。

withdraw from sth. 　　　  从……提取

withdraw to sth.      退入;  撤退到

【即学活用】语法填空

(1)She quickly withdrew her hand from the hot iron.

(2)Internet addicts tend to withdraw to their own fantasy world rather than communicating with a real person.

6. in hand在手头; 可供使用

*Hundreds of years on,  and with the latest technology in hand,  the need to trade and the desire to enhance relationships will drive China to reach out across the sea far into the future. 几百年过去了, 在掌握了最新技术的情况下, 贸易的需要和增进关系的愿望将推动中国跨越海洋走向遥远的未来。

*I always keep a dictionary (ready) at hand.

我经常把词典放在手边。

*The letter was written by hand. 这封信是用手写的。

*I still have some money on hand. 我手头还有些钱。

at hand　　　　 在手边, 在近处; 即将到来

by hand   用手工

on hand   在手边(随时可用)

【即学活用】语法填空

(1)She always has her dictionary on hand when she studies.

(2)My shoes were made by hand.

(3)The examinations are near at hand.

(4)I still have some money in hand.

1. The Tang Shipwreck is from a merchant boat that used to sail between China and the Arab world states located in the maritime Silk Road during the 9th century.

唐朝的沉船来自一艘商船, 它曾在9世纪的中国和位于海上丝绸之路的阿拉伯世界国家之间航行。

2. The trade agency offered online docking service for the enterprises so as to facilitate them to directly negotiate business with customers at the expo site.

贸易代理机构为企业提供网上对接服务, 方便企业在世博会现场直接与客户洽谈业务。

3. The report also said since the pandemic began,  UK universities have been worried about major financial losses if Chinese students withdraw from their courses in the new academic year in the fall,  amid concerns over high COVID-19 infection rates and a high death toll in the UK.

报告还说, 自大流行开始以来, 英国各大学一直担心, 如果中国学生在秋季新学年退学, 将造成重大经济损失, 因为人们担心英国的新冠肺炎感染率高, 死亡人数也很高。

4. On behalf of the Chinese government and people,  and in his own name,  Xi expressed deep condolences over the deaths,  and extended sincere sympathies to the bereaved families and the wounded.

习近平代表中国政府和人民, 以个人名义对遇难者表示深切哀悼, 向遇难者家属和伤员表示诚挚慰问。

课时检测·素养达标

Ⅰ. 根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词

1. She invented a tale (故事) about missing the bus to explain her lateness.

2. Any knowledgeable wine merchant (商人) would be able to advise you.

3. The path extends (延长) beyond the end of the road.

4. His publishing house just began negotiating (商定) for her next book.

5. We beheld (看见) a beautiful vista before us.

6. Their record sales would put them in the same league (水平) as The Rolling Stones.

7. Once in court,  he withdrew (撤回) the statement he’d made to the police.

8. The boats all have to pass through this narrow channel (航道).

9. Make sure you visit the maritime (海事的) museum if you’re interested in anything to do with ships or seafaring.

10. In societies with strong family bonds (纽带),  people tend to live longer.

Ⅱ. 完成句子

1. The new charity will be giving away $55 million a year,  putting it in the same league as other well-known charities.  

这家新的慈善机构每年将捐赠5 500万美元, 与其他知名慈善机构并驾齐驱。

2. A thousand boats set sail on a long stretch of the river.  

百里江面, 千帆竞发。

3. She always had a great deal of work in hand,  but no one ever heard her complain.  

 她手头总有许多工作要做, 但从没有人听到她抱怨。

4. Most older people do not withdraw from society.  

大多数的老年人并没有退出社会生活的圈子。

5. Perhaps you need to negotiate with your boss to shift your responsibilities.  

也许你需要和老板沟通, 调整你的工作职责。

Ⅲ. 根据下面提示, 用本单元词汇和句型写一篇50词左右的短文

1. 有一个古老的传说, 是关于一个商人登上一艘在清晨起航的船队的。(tale, merchant, set sail)

2. 这个商人去印度做生意买香料。(spice)

3. 在返航途中, 他与一些水手组成联盟, 抢劫其他商人的货物, 并与这些水手商议如何分配所得。(negotiate)

4. 但最终, 他们的尝试失败了。

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【参考范文】

There was an ancient tale about how a merchant went aboard a fleet of ship that set sail on an early morning.  He went to do business to buy spices in India.  During the voyage to return to his home,  he was in league with some sailors to rob other merchants’ goods and he negotiated with these sailors on how to divide what they got.  But in the end,  their attempt failed completely.

课时素养评价

七　Unit 3　Reading and Thinking

Ⅰ. 根据语境及汉语提示写出正确单词

1. The media has been filled with tales (叙述) of horror and loss resulting from Monday’s earthquake.

2. We’ve extended (延长) a washing line between two trees in the garden.

3. I’d like to negotiate(协商) about the distributional plan with you.

4. With its own fleet (车队) of trucks,  the company delivers most orders overnight.

5. The beauty of the garden was a pleasure to behold (看).

6. After the Norman Conquest,  the forest became a royal (皇家的) hunting preserve.

7. Spices (香料) are widely used in Indian cooking.

8. He stated that all foreign forces would withdraw (撤回) as soon as the crisis ended.

9. She switched another channel (频道) to watch the football match.

10. The hospital gives mothers quiet private time in which to bond (增强信任关系) with their babies.

Ⅱ. 选词填空

in a league of one’s own,  withdraw from,  in hand,  in ancient times,  reach out,  for the benefit of,  in return for,  from a . . .  point of view,  set sail,  under the command of

1. It was a bright clear morning when we at last set sail in the ship.  

2. As a lawyer,  Janice is so excellent that she is truly in a league of her own.  

3. He has decided to withdraw from the competition.  

4. It took me great efforts to get these books in hand.  

5. This old Silk Road linked China with the west in ancient times.  

6. The ship is under the command of Captain Blake.  

7. In return for your cooperation we will give you a free gift.  

8. We must be kind and friendly and reach out to those in need.  

9. We have brought down prices of medicines for the benefit of the people.  

10. From a long-term point of view,  we should pay attention to education and science and technology.  

Ⅲ. 完成句子

1. The protection of the law is extended to more kinds of animals.  

更多种类的动物受到法律的保护。

2. Our coach is negotiating with the headmaster for the use of their gym.  

我们教练正在同校长交涉使用他们体育馆的事。

3. You’ll find you’re out of his league if you challenge him to a chess game— he’s the chess club champion.  

你如果向他挑战比赛下棋, 便会发现你的水准太低——他是国际象棋俱乐部的冠军。

4. Why did you withdraw from the race?  

你为什么要退出比赛?

5. The work is in hand and will soon be completed.  

工作正在进行中, 不久就可以完成。

Ⅰ. 阅读理解

A

It seems we can’t get off the planet fast enough. Two thirds of NASA’s money is spent on manned space exploration,  and that number will grow with the USA’s decision to send a man to Mars in 2037. We’ve seen all there is to see on Earth,  right?  Wrong. The final place is here,  under the surface of the sea.

Heading down into the ocean,  human limits are quickly reached. At 200 metres,  the water is as black as a moonless night. Most nuclear submarines (核潜艇) would implode (内爆) before they reach 1 km down. At 3 km — still less than the average depth of the ocean — there’s a good chance that you’ll discover a new species. The deepest-diving whales go no further. At the very bottom,  about 11 km down,  lies the Challenger Deep,  the deepest part of the Mariana Trench in the Pacific Ocean. Eighteen humans have walked on the Moon,  but only three have seen the Deep with their own eyes.

Yet things live down there. Big things. A very loud sound was once heard and scientists suggested that it was produced by an animal bigger than a blue whale,  the largest creature known on the planet.

In the late 1990s,  a deep-water submarine was dropped in the Southern Ocean,  and passing 4, 000 metres,  it discovered something huge passing under it. Surprised?  Don’t be. The ocean covers 70% of the planet’s surface and we’ve studied less than 5% of it. We know more about the dark side of the Moon than about the bottom of the sea.

One reason that we explore space is to find evidence of other life forms. The search for life outside of Earth is important,  but robots can look under the dry rocks of Mars better than humans. They’re absolutely important for doing ocean research too,  but they can’t look under the sea. The cost of exploration is rising,  but the results would benefit all our lives. Understanding the oceans will help us find new sources of food,  drugs and energy.

Perhaps now it’s time to begin a new period of sea exploration. Manned exploration of space is science fiction.  The adventure of the deep sea is science fact.

【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。通过对the Mariana Trench和Southern Ocean海底勘探的描述, 作者讲述了人类对深海的探索, 比起对太空的探索, 或许深海更具现实意义。

1. What do the examples in Paragraph 2 suggest?

A. Sea exploration is no easy task.

B. Nuclear submarines need to be improved.

C. The ocean is far deeper than people expected.

D. The condition under the sea is similar to that on the Moon.

【解析】选A。细节理解题。由第二段Eighteen humans have walked on the Moon,  but only three have seen the Deep with their own eyes. 可知, 比起探索太空, 人类对于深海的探索更艰难。故选A项。

2. What do we know about the Challenger Deep?

A. Blue whales live there.

B. No one has ever been there.

C. People are terrified by the sight of it.

D. It is the deepest known location on Earth.

【解析】选D。细节理解题。由第二段At the very bottom,  about 11 km down,  lies the Challenger Deep,  the deepest part of the Mariana Trench in the Pacific Ocean. 可知, the Challenger Deep位于海底大概11千米的位置, 是the Mariana Trench最深的部分。与 D项相符, 故选D项。

3. What does the author think of the discovery in the Southern Ocean?

A. It’s surprising. 　　 B. It’s no wonder.

C. It’s worrying.    D. It’s no success.

【解析】选B。细节理解题。由第四段it discovered something huge passing under it. Surprised? . . . about the bottom of the sea. 可知, 对于在Southern Ocean中的发现, 作者并不感到惊讶, 地球表面70%被海水覆盖, 人类对于它的研究还不到5%。对月球阴暗面的了解都比海底多。故选B项。

4. What does the author want to tell us?

A. Space exploration is of little value.

B. We spend too much money on space travel.

C. Humans’ success lies in how much they explore the sea.

D. The ocean is the place where we should make our efforts.

【解析】选D。主旨大意题。由倒数第二段最后两句话可知探索海底, 虽然费用高一些, 但可以帮人类找到更多食物、药品和能量来源, 对人类的实际意义更大。故选D项。

B

A study has warned that seafood supplies from the world’s oceans could be almost gone by the middle of the century. The researchers say there has already been a breakdown in wild populations of almost one third of currently fished sea-foods. The study says that means their catch has fallen by ninety percent from their highest level. Boris Worm of Dalhousie University in Nova Scotia,  Canada led the intentional team that did the study. Professor Worm says species have recently been disappearing from oceans at an increasing speed. At this rate he says all seafood species could collapse by 2048.

Other studies have also warned about the dangers of overfishing and the effects on ocean environments. But not everyone thinks the oceans are likely to be empty in fifty years. Some scientists say parts of the world do have problems but others are doing a good job of protecting fish populations. Government officials in several countries with large fishing industries also questioned the research.

The study appeared earlier this month in Science magazine.

The researchers say damage to oceans affects not only fish populations but also the productivity of ecosystems. These complex systems help control water quality. The scientists say the loss of different kinds of sea life appears to increase the risk of fish kills and beach closures from harmful algae growth.

The scientists examined the results of thirty-two experiments and observed forty-eight protected areas. They also looked at records of catches worldwide. They studied records from the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization from 1950 to 2003. And they examined archaeological information and other historical records for twelve coastal areas. That research reached back over a thousand years.

Boris Worm says the findings are,  in his words,  “beyond anything we suspected. ”But he also says the situation is not too late to correct. He says that with good fisheries management,  some species could completely recover in three to ten years.

【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。一项研究警告说, 到本世纪中叶, 来自世界海洋的海产品供应可能几乎消失, 其他研究也对过度捕捞的危险和对海洋环境的影响提出了警告。但是也有人对研究提出了质疑, 有些地区在保护鱼类种群方面做得很好。如果渔业管理得当, 一些物种可以在3到10年内完全恢复。

5. The underlined word “their” in the first paragraph most probably mean 　　　.  

A. researchers’   B. fishermen’s

C. sea foods’    D. the oceans’

【解析】选C。词义猜测题。根据第一段The researchers say there has already been a breakdown in wild populations of almost one third of currently fished sea-foods. 可知, their指的是“海产品的”。故选C项。

6. Which of the following is true according to the passage?

A. All the scientists don’t believe that all seafood species will disappear very soon.

B. Most government officials disagree to the seafood-disappearing research.

C. Some scientists are doing a good job of protecting fish populations.

D. It’s too late to take any action to improve the situation.

【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第二段第二句But not everyone thinks the oceans are likely to be empty in fifty years. 不是所有的人都认为50年内海洋会枯竭。可知并不是所有的科学家都相信所有的海鲜物种都会很快消失。故选A项。

7. According to Boris Worm, 　　　.  

A. some people are doing a good job of protecting fish populations

B. overfishing is one of the causes for the loss of seafood species

C. things are getting worse though efforts can be made

D. some more species will come into being with right measures

【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第二段Other studies have also warned about the dangers of overfishing and the effects on ocean environments. 和最后一段He says that with good fisheries management,  some species could completely recover in three to ten years可知, 据鲍里斯·沃姆说, 过度捕捞是导致海产品物种灭绝的原因之一。故选B项。

8. What is the main purpose of the passage?

A. To call on people to protect the ocean environment.

B. To introduce a study about the disappearing of sea foods.

C. To report different opinions about the seafood research.

D. To criticize the present fisheries management.

【解析】选B。主旨大意题。纵观全文可知, 文章讲的是研究表明过度捕捞会使海产品供应几乎消失, 也对海洋环境有影响, 由此判断出, 这篇文章的主要目的是介绍一项关于海产品消失的研究。故选B项。

Ⅱ. 阅读填句

As long as we have been on earth,  we have used the sea around us. We take from the ocean,  and we give to it.

We take fishes from the ocean — millions of kilograms of fish,  every year,  to feed millions of people.  　1　 We take minerals from the ocean. One way to get salt is to place seawater in a shallow basin and leave it until it evaporates(蒸发).  　2　 Much gold and silver drift dissolved in the waters of the sea,  too. But the sea does not give them up by simple evaporation. Other gifts from the sea are pearls,  sponges and seaweed. Pearls become jewelry. 　3　 Seaweed becomes food of many kinds— even candy,  and ice cream — as well as medicine. Believe it or not,  fresh water is another gift from the sea. We cannot drink ocean water.  　4　 But ocean water becomes fresh water when the salts are removed. In the future, we will find ourselves depending more and more on fresh water from the sea.  

The sea gives us food,  fertilizer,  minerals,  water,  and other gifts. What do we give the sea?  Garbage.  　5　 Huge as it is,  the ocean cannot hold all the water that we pour into it. Dumping garbage into the ocean is killing off sea life. Yet as the world population grows,  we may need the sea and its gifts more than ever.  

We are finally learning that if we destroy our seas,  we might also destroy ourselves. Hopefully,  it is not too late.

A. We even use their bones for fertilizer.

B. Some of its contents may cause illness.

C. Natural sponges (海绵) become cleaning aids.

D. The area of the sea is becoming smaller and smaller.

E. Along with salt,  other minerals are left after evaporation.

F. We pollute the ocean when we use it as a garbage dump.

G. We take a lot from the ocean and give little to the sea.

【文章大意】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了我们生活的地球周围都是海洋, 我们从海洋中得到许多的矿物质, 人们越来越依赖海洋的资源, 但是人们却不断地污染海洋, 作者希望人们减少海洋污染。

1. 【解析】选A。根据上文We take fishes from the ocean—millions of kilograms of fish, every year, to feed millions of people. 提到我们从海洋里获取许多鱼, 当然包括鱼的骨头, 这一段在讲鱼对于人类的好处, A项与上文形成递进关系。

2. 【解析】选E。根据上文 We take minerals from the ocean. One way to get salt is to place seawater in a shallow basin and leave it until it evaporate. 可知蒸发海水可以得到盐, 当然也可以得到除盐之外的其他矿物质。E项承接上文, 符合题意。

3. 【解析】选C。根据空前 “Other gifts from the sea are pearls,  sponges and seaweed. Pearls become jewelry. ”以及空后Seaweed becomes food of many kinds—even candy, and ice cream—as well as medicine。故设空处应讲海绵的用途。结合选项, C项承上启下, 符合题意。

4. 【解析】选B。根据上文 We cannot drink ocean water. 我们不能喝海水, 由此可知, 海水有坏的影响。B项承接上文, 符合题意。

5. 【解析】选F。根据上文What do we give the sea?  Garbage. 我们给了海洋什么? 垃圾! 由此可知, 我们一直在污染着海洋, F项当我们把海洋当作垃圾堆时, 我们会污染海洋, 承上启下, 符合题意。