人教版 (新课标)必修1&2Unit 1 Friendship教案

这是一份人教版 (新课标)必修1&2Unit 1 Friendship教案，共9页。

人教版高一英语必修1 Unit 1 Friendship 同步教案（2）
教学目标
知识目标：1.熟悉直接引语和间接引语转化变型规则
2.掌握基本句型，学会书信写作
能力目标：学会用英语表达来写信交友。
情感态度价值观：能够了解友谊的重要性，知道友谊意味着什么并能够正确交友
教学重点与难点
重点：熟练掌握直接引语和间接引语的时态转变规则
难点：英语五种基本句型
教学过程
语法：直接引语&间接引语（1）
知识梳理
概念：
1．直接引语：当我们引用别人的话语时，如果引用的是原话，被引用的部分就叫直接引语。
例如：
The teacher asked，“D yu like English？”
The girl said，“I like English very much.”
注意：直接引语前常使用逗号，而不是冒号；引号内直接引语的单词首字母要大写。
间接引语：当我们要引用别人的话语时，可以用自己的话把意思转述过来，被转述的部分叫做间接引语。
例如：
The teacher asked the girl if she liked English.
The girl said that she liked English very much.
注意：间接引语不用逗号、引号；间接引语要考虑人称、时态、时间状语、地点状语和指示代词的变化。
直接引语变间接引语的规则
直接引语形式
变化规则
例句
陈述句
从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语和地点状语等要作相应的变化
通常用that引导宾语从句(口语中that常省略)。
He said，“I'm ging shpping.”→He said that he was ging shpping.
一般疑问句、选择疑问句、反义疑问句
①用whether/if引导宾语从句，从句改为陈述语序，问号改为句号；
②主句谓语动词为said，则改为asked；
③主句谓语动词后没有间接宾语，可以加一个间接宾语me，him，her，us等。
She said“Is yur father at hme？”→She asked me whether my father was at hme.
特殊疑问句
①用特殊疑问词引导宾语从句，从句改为陈述语序，问号改为句号；
②疑问式的动词改为陈述式的。
“What d yu d every Sunday mrning？”my friend asked me .→My friend asked
me what I did every Sunday mrning.
巧 学 助 记
直接引语变为间接引语的口诀
(1)当直接引语为陈述句时，变间接引语的记忆口诀：
去掉引号加that，人称变化要灵活。时态向后退一步，状语变化按规则。
(2)当直接引语为一般疑问句时，变间接引语的记忆口诀：
去掉引号加if，陈述语序要记住。时态人称和状语，小心变化别马虎。
(3)当直接引语是特殊疑问句时，变间接引语的记忆口诀：
直接去引号，陈述莫忘掉。小心助动词，去它最重要。
(4)人称代词的变化口诀：
①“一随主。”若直接引语中有第一人称，变间接引语时应与主句中主语的人称相一致。
②“二随宾。”若直接引语中有第二人称，变间接引语时应与主句中宾语的人称相一致。
③“第三人称不更新。”直接引语中的第三人称变间接引语时不需要变化。
时态的变化
如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变间接引语时，从句的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化；如主句的谓语动词是现在时，从句的时态则无需变化。
时态的变化
例句
直接引语
间接引语
一般现在时
→一般过去时
He said，“I'm a teacher nw.”
He said that he was a teacher then.
现在进行时
→过去进行时
He said，“I'm watching TV.”
He said that he was watching TV.
现在完成时
→过去完成时
She said，“I have nt heard frm him since May.”
She said that she had nt heard frm him since May.
一般过去时
→过去完成时
He said，“I came t help yu.”
He said that he had cme t help me.
过去完成时
不变
He said，“I had finished my hme
wrk befre supper.”
He said that he had finished his hmewrk befre supper.
一般将来时
→过去将来时
Zhu Lan said，“We'll have a party next week.”
Zhu Lan said that they wuld have a party the next week.
指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化
变化形式
例句
直接引语
间接引语
指示代词
this→that
She said，“I will cme this mrning.”
She said that she wuld g that mrning.
these→thse
He said，“These pens are mine.”
He said that thse pens were his.
时间状语
nw→then
He said，“It is nine 'clck nw.”
He said that it was nine 'clck then.
tday→that day；tnight→that night
He said，“I haven't seen her tday.”
He said that he hadn't seen her that day.
yesterday→the day befre
She said，“I went there yesterday.”
She said that she had gne there the day befre.
tmrrw→the next
(fllwing) day
He said，“I'll g there tmrrw.”
He said that he wuld g there the next(fllwing)day.
地点状语
here→there
He said，“My sister was here three days ag.”
He said that his sister had been there three days befre.
动词
cme→g
bring→take
She said“I will cme here this evening.”
She said that she wuld g there that evening.
五、直接引语变间接引语时态“五不变”原则
原则
例句
直接引语如果描述的是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变
He said，“Light travels much faster than sund.”→He said that light travels much faster than sund.
直接引语中有明确表示过去时间的状语，在变为间接引语时，一般过去时通常不变
He said，“I was brn in 1990 in Beijing.”
→He said that he was brn in 1990 in Beijing.
巩固训练
一、将下列句子由直接引语变成间接引语
1．She said t me，“I'm playing cmputer games nw.”
She________________________________playing cmputer games________.
2．Katty said，“I will pick yu up at nine.”
Katty said________________pick________up at nine.
3．“Have yu finished repairing the machine？”she asked.
She asked________________________________repairing the machine.
4．“My father bught me a dictinary last week.”said Tm.
Tm said that______________________________a dictinary ____________________________
5．“Recently，I've been wrking n my thesis n nise pllutin，”Je said.
Je said________________________wrking n________thesis n nise pllutin recently.
6．The teacher said，“Time flies.Time and tide wait fr n man.”
The teacher said time________；time and tide________fr n man.
7．Tm asked me，“Have yu seen that mvie yet？”
Tm asked me________________________________that mvie already.
8．He asked，“Where are yu getting ff，Tm？”
He asked________________________________getting ff.
9．“I've gt tired f lking at nature thrugh dirty curtains and dusty windws”，Anne said t her father
Anne said t her father________she had___________________ lking at nature thrugh dirty curtains and dusty windws.
10．“I need t pack up my things in the suitcase very quickly”，my mther said.
My mther __________________ she ___________________________ her things in the suitcase very quickly.
Key: 1.tld；me；she；was；then 2.she；wuld；me 3.whether/if；I；had；finished
4.his；father；had；bught；him；the；week；befre 5.he；had；been；his
6.flies；wait 7.if/whether；I；had；seen 8.Tm；where；he；was
9.Tm；where；he；was 10.said；that；needed；t；pack；up
（二）英语五种基本句型
知识梳理
1. 基本句型一： S ＋V(主＋谓)
此结构是由主语加不及物的谓语动词构成。
例如：
(1)The red sun rises in the east.
(2)My father wrked in Beijing last year.
►即学即练
(1)他们谈了半个小时。
________________________________________________________________________
(2)这支笔书写流利。
________________________________________________________________________
Key: 1.They talked fr half an hur 2.The pen writes smthly
基本句型二： S ＋V ＋P(主＋系＋表)
此结构是由主语＋系动词＋表语组成。主要用以说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份等。
例如：
(1)My brthers are all cllege students.
(2)In winter，the days are shrt and the nights are lng.
►即学即练
(1)孩子们，请保持安静。
________________________________________________________________________
(2)这本书是有关美国历史的书。
________________________________________________________________________
Key: 1.Children，keep quiet please. 2.This bk is abut the histry f the United States.
基本句型三： S ＋V ＋O(主＋谓＋宾)
此结构是由主语＋谓语＋宾语构成。谓语动词须是及物的动词，宾语须是名词或相当于名词的成分。
例如：
(1)They will plant 3,000 trees next year.
(2)The teacher gave me an interesting bk yesterday.
►即学即练
(1)昨晚我写了一封信。
________________________________________________________________________
(2)今天下午我想和你谈谈。
________________________________________________________________________
Key: 1.I wrte a letter last night. 2.I want t talk with yu this afternn.
基本句型四： S ＋V ＋IO ＋O(主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾)
此结构由主语＋及物谓语动词＋间接宾语(人)＋直接宾语(事物)组成。
例如：
(1)Mr. Jhnsn taught us German last year.
(2)Wuld yu please pass me the dictinary?
►即学即练
(1)我父亲已经给我买了一辆新自行车。
________________________________________________________________________
(2)新式机器将会为你节省许多劳动。
________________________________________________________________________
Key: 1.My father has bught a new bike fr me. 2.The new machine will save yu a lt f labur.
基本句型五： S ＋V ＋O ＋C(主＋谓＋宾＋宾补)
此结构由主语＋及物的谓语动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语构成。宾语与宾语补足语有逻辑的主谓关系，若无宾语补足语，则句意不完整。
例如：
(1)All f us cnsidered him hnest.
(2)He asked us t jin in the game.
►即学即练
(1)痛苦使得他叫喊起来。
________________________________________________________________________
(2)她正在听人家讲故事。
________________________________________________________________________
Key: 1.The pain made him cry ut. 2.She is listening t smene telling stries.
巩固训练
Ⅰ. 请判断下列简单句的类型
1. He lked unhappy at that time. ( )
2. He lst the mney n his way hme. ( )
3. Mr Wang taught us English last year. ( )
4. The time passed quickly. ( )
5. We are making ur cuntry mre and mre beautiful. ( )
Ⅱ. 请改正下列句子中的错误
1. Please speak ludly s that everybdy can listen yu. ( )
2. Great changes have been taken place in the city. ( )
3. Listen! Smene kncking at the dr. ( )
4. He tld me dn’t call him befre 9 ’clck. ( )
5. D yur parents allw yu make yur wn decisin? ( )
Ⅲ. 翻译下列句子
1. 这故事听起来很有趣。_____________________________
2. 我们只能给你腾出一个房间。_______________________________
3. 在业余时间我喜欢听流行音乐和收集邮票。
_______________________________________________________
4. 在我14岁生日时，爸爸给我买了一辆新自行车。
_______________________________________________
我注意到凯特在图书馆里看书。_________________________________
Key ：一、1.主系表 2.主谓宾 3.主谓双宾语 4.主谓 5.主谓宾宾补
二、1.listen---hear 2.去掉been 3.is kncking 4.nt t call 5.t make
三、1.the stry sunds interesting.
2.we can nly spare yu a rm.
3.in my free time, I enjy listening t pp music and cllecting stamps.
4.n my 14th birthday, my father bught me a new bike.
5.I nticed Mary reading in the library.
单元写作任务——如何写一封求助/建议信
求助/建议信属于应用文。求助/建议信要给出写信的原因，针对性的建议，语气一定要得当，既要委婉礼貌，又要有说服力。写求助/建议信要注意以下问题：
1．信件的基本格式：
①信头，写信人的姓名和地址要写在右上角，收信人的姓名和地址要写在左上角。
②称呼，一般用dear/my dear...
③正文，即信件的主要内容。
④信尾客套语，一般有sincerely yurs，yurs sincerely，yurs truly，yurs等。
⑤信尾签名，在信末写上写信人的姓名，如：Lily。
2．求助/建议信的内容：
如果是求助信，首先要表明写作意图。其次，陈述事由时，要注意语气，使被求助者容易接受。
如果是建议信，所提的建议一定要可行，注意态度。
常用表达：
I'm writing t express my idea cncerning...
I'm writing t ask yu t cnsider...
I hpe yu will take my advice int accunt.
I hpe yu will cnsider my suggestins.
Thank yu fr reading my letter.
I'm lking frward t...
►即学即练
请根据下面的内容写一篇5句话作文。
假设你叫李华，是高三学生，请给某英文报社Heart t Heart 栏目的编辑Mary写一封信。
内容包括：
1．你正在紧张备考，身心压力大。
2．父母期望很高，不断施压。
3．与父母难沟通，很苦恼。
4．希望Mary就如何与父母沟通提些建议。
开头结尾已给出。只能用五句话表达所有内容。
Dear Mary：
I am a senir 3 students._________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs，
Li hua
Key: Dear Mary：
I am a Senir 3 students.I have many lessns，feeling tired physically and mentally.Hwever，it is my parents wh still put a lt f pressure n me.S great expectatins my parents have fr me that I feel it hard t deal with.In additin，I find it hard t cmmunicate with my parents，abut which I feel upset.Nw I hpe yu can give me sme advice n this prblem.
Yurs，
Li hua
课后作业
一、完成下列句子
1．他告诉母亲如果有足够的时间，他会去游泳。
He________his mther that if he________enugh time，he________.
2．他问我们汤姆是那天还是那天的前一天离开的。
He________us________Tm________that day r ________.
3．他对我说：“我把书留在你的房间里了。”
He________me，“________the bk in________rm.”
4．父亲问彼得：“你昨晚什么时候睡觉的？”
Father__________Peter，“______________t bed ____________？”
5．小女孩大声回答道：“太阳从东边升起，西边落下！”
The little girl________ludly，“The sun________in the east and________in the west！”
二、语法填空
When I was 16 years ld，I made my first visit t the United States.It wasn't the first time I 1.________(be)abrad.But this time I was really lking frward t 2.________(have)a nice easy hliday withut any language prblems.
Hw wrng I was！The 3.________(understand)began at the airprt.When I was lking fr a public telephne t give my American friend Danny a ring，a friendly ld man saw me lking lst and asked 4.________he culd help.I gladly 5.________(tell)him that I wanted t give my friend a ring.He exclaimed that was gd news and asked if I was getting married sn.I explained that I just wanted t give my friend a ring t tell her I 6.________(arrive)．I added by asking 7.________a phne bx was.He understd me this time.Later 8.________I tld Danny this stry，she tld me that she had lts f difficulties at first and assured me that I 9.________(get)used t all 10.________funny things the Americans said sn!
写作
假设你是晨光中学学生会主席李华。你校将于6月26日接待来自美国某中学的学生访问团。你受学校委托，负责安排其在津的一日活动。请根据以下提示，用英语给该团的领队Smith 先生写一封电子邮件，介绍活动计划并简要说明理由，最后征求对方意见。 1. 上午与我校学生座谈（话题如校园生活、文化差异等）； 2. 中午与我校学生共同进餐（午餐包括饺子、面条等）；3. 下午与我校学生游览海河。注意：词数不少于100。参考词汇：海河 the Haihe River
课后作业答案
一．1.tld；had；wuld g swimming 2.asked；whether；had left；the day befre
3.said t；I left；yur 4.asked；When did yu g；last night 5.replied/answered；rises；sets
二、1．had been 2．Having 3．Misunderstanding 4．if/whether 5．tld
had arrived 7．Where 8．When 9. wuld get 10．The
三、Dear Mr. Smith,
I am Li Hua, chairman f the Student Unin, frm Chenguang High Schl. I am glad t hear that yu and yur Schl Delegatin will visit ur schl and ur city. I’ll be respnsible fr yur ne-day tur in Tianjin n behalf f ur schl. The fllwing are ur arrangements fr yu.
There will be a meeting t talk abut ur rich and clurful campus life, including sprts and art in the mrning. After that, we will discuss the cultural differences between ur tw cuntries. I am sure we’ll learn a lt frm each ther. At nn, yu’ll share lunch with the students in ur schl. Yu can enjy the delicius Chinese dumplings and ndles. In the afternn, we’ll g sightseeing the Haihe River. I believe yu will have a gd time and be attracted by the beautiful scenery.
I wnder if yu are satisfied with the schedule. If nt, please e-mail me. We will make changes. Lk frward t yur early arrival.
Yurs sincerely,
Li Hua