人教版 (新课标)必修1&2Unit 5 Nelson Mandel -- a modern hero教案及反思

这是一份人教版 (新课标)必修1&2Unit 5 Nelson Mandel -- a modern hero教案及反思，共11页。

人教版高一英语必修一 1 Unit 5 Nelsn Mandela - a mdern her 同步教案（2）
教学目标
知识目标：1.熟练掌握Unit 5 重点词汇、短语、句型的用法
2.初步熟悉直接引语和间接引语
能力目标：学会用定语从句来giving pinins and making cmments。
情感态度价值观：能够学习一些伟人的品质和了解部分伟人的一生。
教学重点与难点
重点：熟练掌握Unit 5重点词汇、短语、句型
难点：定语从句
教学过程
语法：定语从句(Ⅱ)
知识梳理
概念：
The lab where the chemist ften des experiments is nt far frm here. 化学家做实验的那个实验室离这儿不远
I've always lnged fr the days when I shuld be able t be independent. 我非常渴望我能够独立的那天
There are mments when I frget all abut it. 那个时候我忘记了所有的一切
He wanted t knw the reasn why I was late. 他想要知道我迟到的理由
语法点拨
where引导的定语从句
1. 当先行词在定语从句中的成分是地点状语的时候，连接词就是where。而且先行词通常是place, huse, city, cuntry等等。
先行词为名词，但是加上介词后可以在从句中充当地点状语。
We will start at the pint where we stpped. 我们从上次停止的地方开始吧。
分析从句的成分：主语为we, 谓语为stpped，并且此处stp为不及物动词，从句不需要宾语。先行词加上介词at在从句中做地点状语。注意此处的at并不是主句中的at，而是根据从句的逻辑意义增加的介词at，相当于at which we stpped.
The building where he lives is very ld. 他住的这栋建筑很老旧。
把从句的含义补全应该为：he lives in the building，先行词building加上介词in在从句中做状语，关系词用where或in which。
Put it at the place where yu have fund it. 把它放在你发现它的地方。
分析从句的句子成分，主谓宾齐全，结构完整，先行词在从句中充当地点状语。
The city where we spent ur hlidays is very beautiful. 我们度假的那座城市很漂亮。
分析先行词和从句的关系，“我们在这个城市度假”，where相当于in the city，作从句的地点状语。
Shanghai is the city where I was brn. 上海是我出生的从城市。
I visited the farm where a lt f cws were raised. 我参观了那个养了很多奶牛的农场。
This kind f plant grws best at the places where it is warm and wet．
这种植物在温暖潮湿的地方长得最好。
—What d yu think f teacher, Bb？ Bb，你认为老师这种职业怎么样？
—I find it fun and challenging. It is a jb where yu are ding smething serius but interesting. 我发现它有趣而有挑战性。这是一份你做着严肃而有趣的事情的工作。
It’s helpful t put children in a situatin where they can see themselves differently.
把孩子们放在一个他们能以不同方式看待自己的地方是很有帮助的。
When引导的定语从句
当先行词在定语从句中的成分是时间状语的时候，连接词就是when，而且先行词通常是time, day, night, mment等等表示时间的名词。
He was brn in the year when the earthquake tk place. 他出生在地震发生的那一年。
分析从句句子成分：主语the earthquake，谓语tk place，无需宾语，先行词the year在从句中只能加上介词in充当从句的时间状语，所以用表示时间状语的when/ in which。注意：the year前的介词in为主句中的介词，跟从句无关，从句中的in是分析先行词和从句的逻辑关系而得出的。
She lked fine at the time when I saw her. 我看到她的时候她看起来不错。
先行词time加上介词在从句中做时间状语。
July is the mnth when the weather is usually the httest.
七月通常是天气最热的一个月。
Tell me the time when he was killed. 告诉我他被杀的时间。
Please let me knw f the day when yu will arrive in Beijing.
请告知我们你将到北京的时间。
The time when we gt tgether finally arrived. 我们团聚的时刻终于来到了。
She’ll never frget her stay there when she fund her sn wh had gne missing tw years befre. 她永远都不会忘记那次停留，那时他找到了两年前失踪的儿子。
Between the tw parts f the cncert is an interval, when the audience can buy ice-cream.
音乐会两部分之间有中场休息，观众在那时可以买点冰淇淋。
Why引导的定语从句
当先行词在定语从句中的成分是原因状语的时候,连接词就是why，而且先行词通常是reasn。
That is ne f the reasns why I hate yu. 这是我讨厌你的原因之一。
先行词the reasns加上介词fr在从句中做原因状语，介词fr是从句的逻辑关系补充的。从句补全为：I hate yu (fr) the reasns.
The reasn why he changed his mind is nt clear. 他改变主意的原因还不清楚。
同理，the reasn在从句中做原因状语。

D yu see any reasn why he refused t help? 你明白他拒绝帮忙的理由吗？
I want t knw the reasn why he left s early. 我想知道他这么早离开的原因。
The time when I first met Nelsn Mandela was a very difficult perid f my life.
我首次遇到曼德拉的时候是我一生中很艰难的时候
但要注意，连接词的选择不能只看先行词的内容，最关键的就是看先行词在从句中的成分。
有同学一看到先行词是表示地点的名词，选择where；看到先行词为表示时间的名词，选择when；看到先行词为reasn，选择why；这种做法是不对的，关键是看先行词在从句中做哪种成分。
比较下面句子：
March 22 is the day when I was brn. 3月22号是我出生的那一天。（先行词the day在从句中作时间状语：I was brn n the day.）
March 22 is the day (which/that) I will never frget. 3月22号是我永远不会忘的一天。
（先行词the day在从句中作frget的宾语：I will never frget the day.）
Wuld yu please tell me the reasn why yu are late again fr wrk?
你能告诉我你又一次迟到的原因吗？
Wuld yu please tell me the reasn which/that at least sunds true this time?
你能告诉我这次听起来更真实点的原因吗？
I saw them in the park where a lt f peple were singing.
我在那家有很多人唱歌的公园里看到他们。
I saw them in the park which/that was built 10 years ag.
我在那家十年前建好的公园里看到他们的。
The Science Museum, which we visited during a recent trip t Britain, is ne f Lndn’s turist attractins. 我们上次去英国参观的科学博物馆是伦敦的旅游景点之一。（先行词the Science Museum 在从句中作主语。）
The reasn that yu gave me just nw was just an excuse.
你刚才给我的理由只是一个借口。（先行词the reasn在从句中宾语。）

定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的选择
1. 明确关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中的不同作用：关系代词which, that, wh在定语从句中作主语或在及物动词和介词后作宾语。关系副词when, where, why在定语从句中作状语。
The ld twn has narrw streets and small huses which are built clse t each ther. (从句部分缺主语，填入关系代词)
Whatever is left ver may be put int the refrigeratr, where it will keep fr tw r three weeks.（从句部分的谓语keep为“保存好”的意思，不带宾语，填入关系副词）
A bank is the place where they lend yu an umbrella in fair weather and ask fr it back when it begins t rain. （从句部分的谓语lend和ask fr为及物动词，但各自已经带了宾语，填入关系副词）
2.分析句子结构，明确语法成分。关系词在定语从句中作宾语还是作状语，关键在于从句的谓语动词是否及物动词。如果是及物动词，分析其后是否已经有宾语；如缺宾语则选择关系代词；如不缺宾语或谓语动词为不及物动词，则选择关系副词。
“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
1. 介词+关系代词
Mandela was the black lawyer t whm I went fr advice.
= Mandela was the black lawyer whm I went t fr advice.
曼德拉就是我向他寻求建议的黑人律师。
2.“名（代）词+介词+关系代词”结构一般在从句中作主语。常用于这个结构的代词有ne, bth, all, sme, mst, several, few, a few, little, a little, many, much, nne, half等。
Julie was gd at German, French and Russian, all f which she spke fluently.
茱莉擅长德语、法语和俄语，这三样她都说得流利。
English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each f which uses it smewhat differently.
英语是一门被很多不同文化分享的语言，其中的每一种都在某种程度上不同地使用它。
She shwed the visitrs arund the museum, the cnstructin f which had taken mre than three years.
她领着参观者游览博物馆，它的建造超过三年。
The settlement is hme t nearly 1,000 peple, many f whm left their village hmes fr a better life in the city.
这个定居点安置了将近一千人，他们中的许多人离开山村的家，到城市寻求更好的生活。
The man pulled ut a gld watch, the hands f which were made f small diamnds.
这个男人掏出来一块金表，它的指针是有小钻石组成的。
3. 数词/形容词的最高级+f+关系代词
The cmpany has mre than 100 emplyees, 60 percent f whm are wmen.
这家公司有超过一百名雇员，其中百分之六十是女性。
She traveled abrad and bught a lt f gifts, the mst expensive f which was a diamnd.
她在国外旅游，买了很多礼物，其中最昂贵的一件就是钻石。
China has thusands f islands, the largest f which is Taiwan.
中国有数千座岛屿，其中最大的是台湾岛。
4.“介词+关系代词+名词”在从句中作状语。
He was brn in 1948, by which time the Secnd Wrld War had been ver.
他出生于1948年，到那时第二次世界大战已经结束。
I called him by the wrng name, fr which mistake I aplgized.
我叫错了他的名字，因为这个错误我道歉了。
5. “介词短语+关系代词”在从句中一般作状语，可以与“介词+ whse+名词”结构互换。
用于此结构的关系代词有which, whm, whse。常用于该结构的介词短语有：as a result f, at the back f, because f, by means f, fr want f, in frnt f, in case f, n accunt f等。
We gt t a huse at the back f which was a large garden.
我们来到一所后面有一个大花园的房子。
Is there a certain test by means f which the N. 1 will be decided?
有没有一种考试，通过它能决定第一名。
I went t visit my Chinese teacher yesterday, with the help f whm (with whse help) I gt in tuch with my classmates.
昨天我去拜访我的语文老师了，在他的帮助下我联系上了我的同学们。
介词的选择
介词的选择主要从以下几方面考虑：
1. 从先行词跟介词的搭配出发
I’ll never frget the day n which we wrked tgether in the cuntryside.
我不会忘记我们一起在乡下工作的日子。 (把the day代入从句后，加n 才构成完整的句子，即we wrked tgether n the day in the cuntryside)
The clever by made a hle in the wall, thrugh which we culd see what was happening inside the huse.
这个聪明的孩子在墙上挖了一个洞，透过它我们可以看到屋里发生的事情。(thrugh which即thrugh the hle)
2. 从定语从句中动词、形容词等对介词的搭配要求出发
D yu knw the girl _____ whm the man talked just nw?
你认识那个男人刚谈到的女孩吗？(talk后用t, with还是abut，则根据先行词、定语从句中的动词talk考虑，此处用with或t比较好）
3. 含有介词的动词短语不能拆开，则不能转化成“介词+关系代词”结构，介词仍然放在动词的后面。常见的这类动词有listen t, lk at, depend n, pay attentin t, take care f, lk int, break int, get rid f, take part in, make use f, take/catch hld f, catch up with, get alng with, lk frward t…
The babies whm the nurses are taking care f are very healthy.
护士照顾的那些婴儿们都很健康。
4. 也有些介词不是和谓语动词构成短语关系，而是根据句子的逻辑需要填入的。
Fr many cities in the wrld, there is n rm t spread ur future, f which New Yrk is an example. 对世界上的许多城市来说，没有足够的空间拓展未来，纽约就是其中的一个例子。[来源:学_科_网]
Villagers here depend n the fishing industry, withut which there wn’t be much wrk.
这儿的村民们依赖捕鱼行业，没有这个行业他们就没有什么活干。
关于定语从句的注意点：
1. “介词+关系代词”后接不定式短语作后置定语，相当于一个定语从句。
He has a knife with which t defend himself.
= He has a knife with which he can defend himself.
他有一把刀子，用来自卫。
2. 当先行词在从句中表示时间、地点、原因时，“介词+which”一般在定语从句中分别作时间、地点、原因状语，这时可以分别用when, where, why代替。（when相当于“at/in/during/n等+which”；where相当于“in/at/n等+which”；why相当于“fr which”）。但若“介词+which”不是作时间、地点、原因状语时，则不能用when, where, why代替。
Last week, I visited Lndn, in which/where I have made several friends.
上周我们去了伦敦，在那儿我们交了一些朋友。
Last year she bught this huse, fr which she paid her life's savings.
去年她买了这所房子，为此她付出了一生的积蓄。
3. 有几个词虽然不指具体的地点，但它们作先行词时常用where/介词+which引导定语从句。常见的有：situatin/ case/ pint/ circumstances/ stage/ family等。
I have cme t the pint where I can’t stand him. 我已经到了不能忍受他的程度了。
He’s gt himself int a dangerus situatin where he is likely t lse cntrl ver the plane.
他把自己置于一个危险的境地，很容易失去对飞机的控制。
4. 先行词way引导的定语从句
当先行词是way，意为“方法，方式”时，引导定语从句的关系词有in which, that和不用任何关系词这三种形式。
I dn’t understand the way in which/that/（省略）they wrked ut the prblem.
我没法理解他们解决这个问题的方法。
试比较以下两个句子关系词的不同：
The way that/which he explained t us was nt difficult t understand.
他们给我们解释的这种方法不难理解。( 关系代词that/which在从句中作宾语）
The way that/in which he explained the sentence t us was nt difficult t understand.
他们给我们解释这个句子的方法不难理解。(关系词在从句中作状语，相当于in this/that way）
特殊定语从句：
1. 有些定语从句和先行词之间插入一个词组、短语或别的成分，这称为“分裂式定语从句”。
I have an aunt in Lndn, wh I have never seen. 我有一个姑姑在伦敦，我没有见过。
Occasins are quite rare when I have the time t spend a day with the kids.
我有时间陪孩子们的情况很少。
2. 带有插入语的定语从句。
This is my uncle, Mr. Wang, wh, I guess, will help yu finish the jb in three hurs.
这是我的叔叔王先生，我认为他会帮你在三个小时内做完这个工作。
He ften helps the students wh he thinks are nt quick at their studies.
他经常帮助他认为在学习上反应不太快的学生。
Mary was much kinder t Jack than she was t the thers, which, f curse, make all the thers upset. 玛丽对杰克比对其他人善良得多，这当然使其他人不快。
课后作业
定语从句(Ⅱ)
巩固练习
一、根据汉语提示完成下列句子
1. In the dark street, there wasn’t a single persn ________________（他能求助）. (turn)
2. The Yellw Crane Twer, ____________________(位于) Wuhan, attracts a lt f turists every year.
3. These students will graduate frm the university next summer, __________（到那时）they will have studied here fr fur years. (time)
4. There were tw pssessins f the James Dillingham Yungs _________________(他们俩都引以为豪). (take)
5. “Is this temple ______________（你参观过的）a few weeks ag?” He asked me. (pay)
6. He is unlikely t find the place _______________（他居住过的地方）frty years ag. (live)
7. The reasn ____________________（你的信已被退回）is that I dn’t live there any mre. (return)
二、选择填空 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1．a. I’ll never frget the days ___ we studied tgether.
b. I’ll never frget the days ___ we spent tgether.
A. that B. / C. when D. n which E. A and B
2． a. This is ne f the mst interesting films ___ shwn last week.
b. This is the nly/very ne f the mst interesting films ___ shwn last week.
A. which was B. that was C. which were D. that were
3．a. This is the nly way ___ yu can find.
b. I dn’t like the way ___ he spke t his mther.
A. that B. / C. in which D. A, B and C E. A and B
4． a. He has tw sns, ____ are cllege students.
b. He has tw sns, and ___ are cllege students.
A. bth f which B. bth f whm
C. bth f them D. bth f it
5．a. Galile cllected facts ___ prved the earth and all the ther planets mved arund the sun.
b. Galile cllected facts ___ the earth and all the ther planets mved arund the sun.
A. that B. which C. / D. A and B
6. a. He still lives in the rm ___ windw faces t the east.
b. He still lives in the rm, the windw ___ faces t the east.
c. He still lives in the rm ___ is in the nrth f the city.
d. He still lives in the rm ___ there is a beautiful table.
A. which B. whse C. where D. f which
7．a. Is this museum ___ they visited last mnth?
b. ___ cleans the blackbard is t be praised.
A. that B. the ne C. which D. the ne wh
8．a. ___ leaves the rm last ught t turn ff the lights.
b. ___ wh leaves the rm last ught t turn ff the lights.
c. ___ wh leave the rm last ught t turn ff the lights.
A. Anyne B. Wh C. Thse D. Whever
9．a. It was eleven ’clck ___ they went ut f the cinema.
b. It was at eleven ’clck ___ they went ut f the cinema.
A. which B. that C. when D. n which
三、单项选择
1. The jurney arund the wrld tk the ld sailr nine mnths, _______ the sailing time was 226 days.
A. f which B. during which
C. frm which D. fr which [来源:Z#xx#k.Cm]
2. The English play _______ my students acted at the New Year's party was a great success.
A. fr which B. at which
C. in which D. n which
3. American wmen usually identify their best friend as smene _______ they can talk frequently.
A. wh B. which C. abut which D. with whm
4. In the ffice, I never seem t have time until after 5:30 p.m. _______ time many peple have gne hme.
A. whse B. that C. n which D. by which
5. Recently I bught an ancient Chinese vase, _______ was very reasnable.
A. which price B. the price f which
C. its price D. the price f whse
6. There are tw buildings, ________ stands nearly a hundred feet high.
A. the larger B. the larger f them
C. the larger ne that D. the larger f which
7. The factry prduces half a millin pairs f shes every year, 80% _______ are sld abrad.
A. f which B. which f C. f them D. f that
8. New Yrk is famus fr its sky-scrapers(摩天大楼)_____ has mre than 100 streys.
A. the higher f them B. the highest f which
C. the highest f them D. sme f which
四、把下面句子组合成含定语从句的句子。
1. He grew up in the small twn.
After graduatin, he returned t the small twn.
2. I wrk in a business.
Almst everyne is waiting fr a great chance there.
3. The factry fell dwn in the earthquake.
My father used t wrk in the factry.
4. I will never frget the day.
I met him n that day.
5. Many things are dne n cmputers these days.
We live in the days.
6. I usually played hide-and-seek with my friends in my childhd.
I still remember my childhd.
答案解析[来源:学+科+网]
一、完成句子
1. whm he culd turn t fr help/ t whm he culd turn fr help
2. (which is) lcated in
3. by which time
4. in which they bth tk pride/ (which/that) they bth take pride in
5. the ne (that) yu paid a visit t
6. where he lived/ (in which) he lived
7. why yur letter was returned
二、选择填空
1 a. C 关系词代替先行词在从句中作时间状语，用关系副词when；
b. E 关系词代替先行词在从句中作spent的宾语，用关系代词或者省略；
2 a. D 定语从句的先行词被ne f the mst interesting，故关系代词用that，从句的谓语用复数形式；
b. B 定语从句的先行词被the nly/very ne f the mst interesting，故关系代词用that，从句的谓语用单数形式；
3 a. E 先行词way在从句中作宾语；
b. D 先行词way在从句中作状语，但根据习惯可以省略或者用that；
4 a. B 本句为定语从句，应该用关系代词bth f whm作从句的主语；
b. C 本句为并列句，应该用代词bth f them；
5 a. D 本句为定语从句，关系代词that和which作定语从句的主语；
b. A 本句为同位语从句，that在从句中不作成分；
6 a. B 关系代词代替先行词rm在定语从句中作定语，用whse；
b. D the windw f which代替先行词在从句作主语；
c. A which在定语从句中作主语；
d. C 关系词代替先行词rm在从句中作地点状语；
7 a. B 主句部分this museum作主语，缺表语，需要补上，关系代词在从句作宾语可省略；
b. D 主句和定语从句都缺少主语，都不可省略；
8 a. D 本句的主句和主语从句都缺主语，选whever；
b. A 本句主句缺主语，同时也是从句的先行词，从句的谓语为单数，先行词为单数；
c. C 本句主句缺主语，同时也是从句的先行词，从句的谓语为复数，先行词为复数；
9 a. C 本句含定语从句，关系词代替先行词作从句的时间状语；
b. B 本句为强调句；
三、单项选择
1. A 关系代词which指代the jurney, 定语从句恢复为独立的句子是：The sailing time f the jurney was 226 days. 故答案选A。
2. C 本句主句部分应是The English play at the New Year's party was a great success. 从句补全为独立的句子是：My students acted in the play. 故答案选C。
3. D 先行词为smene, 被关系代词whm代替在从句中作talk with 的宾语，介词with 可以放在关系代词之前，意为“把……当作……”，故答案选D。
4. D 介词by表示时间的意思是“到那时为止”。这句话的意思是“在办公室里，我似乎直到下午5：30才有空，那时许多人都已经回家了”。故答案选D。
5. B。本题就是一个考查“the+ 名词+f+关系代词”结构的一个典型例子。这里the price f which指代the price f the vase, 答案也可以是whse price。
6. D the larger f which指代the larger f the tw buildings; B选项缺少一个连词。
7. A 80% f which指代的是80% f the shes。本题意为：这家工厂每年生产的50万双鞋子有80%都是销往国外的。
8. B 把从句部分整理为一个独立句子：the highest f the sky-scrapers has mre than 100 streys，用which指代先行词。
四、组合定语从句。
1. After graduatin, he returned t the small twn where he grew up.
2. I wrk in a business where almst everyne is waiting fr a great chance.
3. The factry where my father used t wrk fell dwn in the earthquake.
4. I will never frget the day when/n which I met him.
5. We live in the days when many things are dne n cmputers.
6. I still remember my childhd when I usually played hide-and-seek with my friends.