人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第二册Unit 2 Bridging Cultures导学案及答案

这是一份人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第二册Unit 2 Bridging Cultures导学案及答案，共7页。


名词性从句
[观察例句]
1．What seemed strange befre nw appears quite nrmal t Xie Lei.
2．It's imprtant that Xie Lei keeps a balance between her studies and her scial life.
3．That is why tday ver 40% f Califrnians speak Spanish as a first r secnd language.
4．Her tutr explained that she was suppsed t read lts f infrmatin t help frm a wise pinin f her wn.
5．He made it quite clear that he preferred t study English.
6．The fact that she seemed t develp nrmally was very encuraging.
[归纳用法]
1．以上例句皆为主从复合句，句中用了相当于名词作用的从句(即名词性从句)在句中充当成分。
2．例句1为what引导的主语从句。例句2中it为形式主语，真正的主语为后面that引导的主语从句。
3．例句3为why引导的表语从句。
4．例句4为that引导的宾语从句。例句5中it为形式宾语，真正的宾语为后面that引导的宾语从句。
5．例句6为that引导的同位语从句。
名词性从句是在句子中起名词作用的句子。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组，它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
一、名词性从句的连接词
引导名词性从句的连接词有三个连词、五个连接代词、四个连接副词。
二、主语从句
主语从句是指在句中作主语的从句，位置与陈述句的主语相同。
What is nt t ur satisfactin is that the price f the meal is a little t high.
我们不满意的是饭菜的价格稍微有点高。
Hw the bk will sell depends n its authr.
这本书如何销售取决于作者本人。
Where we shall have the meeting makes n difference.
我们在哪儿开会都无所谓。
1．that引导主语从句，在从句中不充当任何成分，仅起连接作用，但不可省略。
That yu will win the medal seems unlikely.
你想获得奖牌看起来是不可能的。
2．whether引导的主语从句既可放在句首也可放在句尾，但if引导的主语从句只能放在句尾，前面需要用it作形式主语。
Whether the sprts meeting will be held is nt certain nw.
运动会是否将举行现在还不能确定。
Whether the wrk can be cmpleted n time is dubtful.
＝It is dubtful whether/if the wrk can be cmpleted n time.
这项工作能否按时完成还不确定。
3．若主语部分结构较长，可以使用形式主语it，把真正的主语从句放于后面。
It is annunced that ur schl is ging t start an activity f “Crazy English” befre daily mrning exercises.
学校通知每日早操前将开展“疯狂英语”活动。
It is necessary that peple shuld learn t face the reality.
人们应该学会面对现实是有必要的。
[即学即练1] 单句语法填空
①It is certain that she will d well in her exam.
②Hw we understand things has a lt t d with what we feel.
③It is reprted that a new film will be put n in the cinema.
三、宾语从句
在主从复合句中作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。宾语从句在句中可以作及物动词、介词或一些形容词的宾语。
Everyne knws that the earth is made up f matter.
每个人都知道地球是由物质构成的。
I dubt whether he will be elected as chairman.
我怀疑他是否会当选为主席。
These tw areas are similar in that they bth have high rainfall in summer.
这两个地区相似，因为在夏天降水都很多。
I'm nt certain whether the train will arrive n time.
我不确信火车是否将会按时到达。
1．that引导宾语从句，既无语法功能，也无词汇意义，常被省略。但多个并列从句出现时，第一个that可以省略，其他的不能省略。
She said (that) she wuld cme here and that I shuld wait fr her till Mnday.
她说她将会来这儿并让我等到星期一。
2．if和whether引导宾语从句的区别：
①在动词不定式之前只能用 whether。
②在 nt 的固定搭配中，只用 whether。
③在介词后，只能用whether。
④作 discuss 的宾语时，只能用 whether。
⑤宾语从句放在句首表示强调时，只能用 whether。
3．带复合宾语(宾语＋宾语补足语)的句子，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后面，而用it作形式宾语。
4．表示喜欢、憎恶等心理活动的动词(短语)后习惯上先加个形式宾语it，再接宾语从句。例如：hate，dislike，lve，dn't mind，feel like，appreciate，rely n，cunt n，see t等。
We think it pssible that yu can finish the wrk tday.我们认为你今天能够完成这项工作。
5．宾语从句的否定转移：think，believe，suppse，imagine等动词后的宾语从句中的否定词要转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。
I dn't think we need t waste much time n it.
我想我们不必在这上面浪费太多时间。(形式上否定)
[即学即练2] 单句语法填空
①I hate it when they talk with their muths full f fd.
②Once we were left t decide whether t have a picnic in a park r g t a museum.
③I want t be liked and lved fr what I am inside.
四、表语从句
表语从句在复合句中作表语，出现在连系动词之后，一般结构为“主语＋连系动词＋表语从句”。可接表语从句的连系动词有be，lk，remain，seem等。
The questin is whether we can finish the wrk in time.
问题在于我们是否能及时完成这项工作。
1．that在引导表语从句时无词义，在从句中不充当任何成分，仅起连接作用，但不可以省略。
The fact remains that we are still nt advanced enugh.
事实依然是我们还是不够先进。
2．whether可引导表语从句，但if却通常不用于引导表语从句。
His first questin was whether Tm had arrived yet.
他的首要问题是汤姆是否已经到达。
3．引导表语从句的引导词还可用because，as if，as thugh，as。
The sky is vercast with dark cluds.It seems as if it is ging t rain sn.
天空乌云密布。似乎很快就要下雨了。
[即学即练3] 单句语法填空
①The prblem is wh/whm we can get t replace her.
②I'm afraid he's mre f a talker than a der，which is why he never finishes anything.
③The system wrks well in the lab，but the questin is whether it will wrk in reality.
五、同位语从句
在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某个名词后面，用来说明前面名词的具体内容。常见的这类名词有：fact，news，hpe，truth，idea，suggestin，thught，questin，prmise，rder，prblem，belief，wrd，message，infrmatin，prf，annuncement，desire，dubt，prpsal，advice，pssibility等。
The news that he was admitted t Peking University is exciting.
他被北京大学录取了的消息真是令人激动。
The questin wh shuld d the wrk requires cnsideratin.
谁应当做这份工作，这个问题需要考虑。
I have n idea that yu have applied fr the pst.
我不知道你已经申请了这个职位。
[名师点津] 同位语从句和定语从句的区别
Jim gt t knw the news that the whle village was in great danger.
吉姆得知了整个村子都处在极度危险中的消息。(that引导同位语从句，解释说明the news的内容)
D yu knw the news(that/which)Jim tld me?
你知道吉姆告诉我的那个消息吗？(that/which引导定语从句，且在从句中作宾语)
[即学即练4] 将下列句子合并为同位语从句
①Will the sprts meeting be held n time？The questin will be discussed tmrrw.
The questin whether the sprts meeting will be held n time will be discussed tmrrw.
②The headmaster will jin us in hiking this Sunday.We are glad at the news.
We are glad at the news that the headmaster will jin us in hiking this Sunday.
③A new teacher will teach us English next term.The message reached me yesterday.
The message that a new teacher will teach us English next term reached me yesterday.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．There is n dubt that he will succeed in time.
2．We can't slve the prblem hw we can travel faster than light.
3．Pick yurself up.Curage is ding what yu're afraid t d.
4．Upn graduatin he asked t be sent t where he was mst needed.
5．It is reprted that the gvernment is ging t clse the factry.
6．What surprises me mst is that he is t vain.
7．That Mike didn't turn up at the meeting yesterday made the chairman f the meeting unhappy.
8．Yu may depend n it that I shall always help yu.
9．The prblem is whether we can get in tuch with her.
10．The message whse respnsibility it was is knwn t all.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．我已经读了这个通知，我们学校广播站需要两名英语播音员。
I have read the ntice that ur schl radi statin needs tw English annuncers．
2．谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。
Wh will win the match is still unknwn.
3．你通过考试了，真棒。
It's splendid that yu passed yur exam．
4．她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。
She always thinks f hw she can wrk well．
5．司令员命令部队马上出发。
The cmmander rdered that trps (shuld) set ff at nce．
6．我认为我们每天多喝开水是有必要的。
I think it necessary that we take plenty f ht water every day．
7．他能否准时参加派对得看交通情况。
Whether he can cme t the party n time depends n the traffic.
8．原材料是我们所急需的。
Raw material is what we are badly in need f．
9．我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。
The news that we wn the game is exciting.
10．我尚不能肯定她为什么拒绝他们的邀请。
I'm nt sure why she refused their invitatin．
Ⅲ.短文语法填空(用适当的连接词填空)
I am ging t tell yu an unbelievable thing 1.that happened in my restaurant tday. This afternn a prly­dressed gentleman came int my restaurant. Nbdy knew 2.wh he was. We were surprised that he finished tw rders f fd in a very limited time. We wndered 3.why he was s hungry. We dubted 4.whether the man was able t pay the bill. The gentleman asked 5.if/whether we wuld mind waiting fr just a few minutes. Then we were shcked t see 6.that he tk ut f an envelpe—a millin pund banknte.
I asked Mr. Clements 7.whether it was genuine. Mr. Clements said it was true because tw f this amunt had been issued by the Bank f England this year. He thught 8.what the gentleman shwed us culdn't be a fake.
9．That a gentleman with a millin pund nte was in rags and ate in ur small restaurant was a big puzzle t all the peple there. I really culdn't describe 10.hw excited I was.
连接词
词形
词义
在从句中所作的成分
连词
that
×
×
if/whether
是否
×
连接代词
wh(ever)
(无论)谁(主格)
主语、表语、宾语
whm(ever)
(无论)谁(宾格)
表语、宾语
whse(ever)
(无论)谁的(所有格)
定语
what(ever)
(无论)什么
主语、宾语、表语、定语
which(ever)
(无论)哪个
主语、宾语、定语
连接副词
when(ever)
(无论)什么时候
状语
where(ever)
(无论)在哪里
状语
hw(ever)
(无论)怎样，怎么
状语
why
为什么
状语
同位语从句
定语从句
功能不同
对名词加以补充说明
与先行词是修饰与被修饰的关系，起连接作用
that
不作成分，只起连接作用，不可省略
作主语或宾语，起连接作用；并且作从句的宾语时可省略
whether/
hw/what
起连接作用，其中whether不作成分，而hw和what作成分
不引导定语从句
其他wh­
类词
作成分；起连接作用；有自己的含义，但与先行词无关
作成分；起连接作用；没有自己的含义，但是代替先行词在从句中作成分