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北师大版高二上册模块5 Unit 15 Learning课前预习ppt课件
展开1.lay 裁员;解雇;休息;停止工作 lay aside放置一边;储蓄 lay ut 摆出;布置 放下;中断例如:The plicemen wished the rbbers t (放下武器). 2. vt.埋葬;埋藏;专心致志于 be buried in sth./ding sth.专心做某事 bury neself in sth./ding sth.专心于某事例如:When I met him,he (专心于观察植物). 3. vt. 反映;反射;映出 reflect n反思 n reflectin 经再三思考例如:The ld man used t (反思)what he had dne already.
lay dwn the weapns
was buried in bserving the plants
4.set 使爆炸;引发;出发;动身 set aside留出 set abut ding sth.开始做某事 set dwn 写下;记下 set ut 开始例如:Yu’d better (留出)sme time t play with yur little sn every day. 5.lack n.& v. fr lack f缺少 be lacking in...在……方面缺乏例如:The yung man failed in the test (因为缺乏训练). 6. n.(使用或见到的)机会;权利;方法;通道 have access t有机会使用 be accessible t 可使用……例如:The children in that area (没有机会接受教育).
fr lack f training
have n access t educatin
7.tend 往往会;倾向于;照顾 tend t d sth.有做某事的倾向;有做某事的趋势 have a tendency t d sth.有做某事的倾向例如:When he is very nervus,he (往往会出错). 8. vt.赞成;认可;满意 apprve f sb./sth.赞成某人/某事 meet with ne’s apprval 得到某人的批准例如:The father didn’t (同意女儿)marrying that yung man.
tends t make a mistake
apprve f his daughter
9.urge vt. ;强烈要求 urge sb.t d sth.催促某人做某事 urge sth.n/upn sb. 向某人极力陈述某事例如:There is n need t (督促你儿子很快作决定). 10.adapt vt. ;改编 adapt neself t sth.使某人自己适应或习惯于某事 adapt fr...使适合于……;为……改编(改写) adapt frm...根据……改写(改编)例如:The film (改编自)a new nvel is very ppular with the yung girls.
urge yur sn t make a decisin sn
adapted frm
1.I decided that an Internet user. 我觉得是我成为互联网用户的时候了。2.I felt I had dne smething wrng! 我感觉自己似乎做错了什么! 3. ,“Tredna Schl” is prud f its lng list f utstanding past students. Tredna学校成立于1896年,它为自己培养出众多的优秀学生而感到骄傲。4.Our gal the students’ whle being by giving each f them real-life skills. 我们的目标是通过给每一个人真实生活的技能来促进学生的全面发展。
it was time I became
Funded in 1896
is t cntribute t
5.Once I wh culd spit the furthest ff the schl stage! 有一次我碰见他与一个朋友比赛看谁从学校台阶上吐口水吐得最远!
caught him and a friend seeing
虚拟语气的用法 1.If the strm hadn’t brken ut,the bat . 如果没有下暴雨,船就不会下沉了。2.If he didn’t aplgize,I . 如果他不道歉,我是不会给他生日礼物的。3.If it shuld nt rain,we . 如果不下雨,我们就去海滩。4.I wish . 我宁愿在学校时学习更努力些。5.I wish . 但愿我能为12个人准备家庭聚餐。
wuldn’t have sunk
wuldn’t give him a birthday present
wuld g t the beach
I had wrked harder at schl
I culd prepare a family dinner fr twelve peple
Bking a vacatin(安排度假/预定假期)1.I’d like t bk a ,d yu knw where yu’d like t g?3.I was thinking f lng wuld yu like t stay?5.Here is a brchure with the details f a gd package tur.6.I’d like t g in Octber,D I have t bk nw?7.Yes,early bkings are essential in the high ,that’s all,thank yu.Yu’ve been very helpful.9.I just made airline reservatins fr ur trip.10.I dn’t want t fly n that lw-cst airline!11.Which airprt wuld we be departing frm?12.I’m taking ver the planning fr ur vacatin.
翻译:1.我想预定一个假期。2.好的,你知道你想去哪里吗?3.我想去意大利。4.你想待多久?5.这个小册子上有很多旅行团的信息。6.我想在10月份去,我需要现在就预定吗?7.是的,在旅游旺季最好早点预定。8.没有了,谢谢,你的信息又很有帮助。9.我刚刚为我们的旅行订了机票。10.我不想坐价格那么低的飞机。11.我们离开时乘哪趟航班?12.我会负责安排假期的。
浅谈细节理解题的解题策略一、命题特点所谓细节理解题,是指原文提到了某事物、现象或理论,题干针对原文具体叙述本身发问。一般包括直接理解题(在原文中可直接找到答案,常用wh,what,when,where,why和hw等提问)语义转化题(需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换,两者存在表达上的差异,有时需要进行加工或整理后方能得出结论)、数字计算题、排列顺序题、图表图画题等。抓住文段中的事实和细节是做好该题型的关键,也是做好其他类型问题的基础。这类题型的题干常为:
When/Where did the stry happen?/Which f the fllwing statements is(nt)crrect?/Which f the fllwing statements is(nt)mentined in the passage?/Which is the right rder f the events given in the passage?/All the statements are true except...
二、方法技巧1.直接信息题对此类题型,可以首先从问题中找到关键词,然后以此为线索,运用略读及查阅的技巧在文中迅速寻找这一细节,找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读一遍,仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别,在准确理解细节的前提下,最后确定最佳答案。
【例题】MusicOpera at Music Hall:1243 Elm Street.The seasn runs June thrugh August,with additinal perfrmances in March and September.The Opera hnrs Enjy the Arts membership discunts.Phne:241-2742. Orchestra:The Orchestra plays at Memrial Hall at 1406 Elm Street,which ffers several cncerts frm March thrugh June.Call 723-1182 fr mre infrmatin.
●Which number shuld yu call if yu want t see an pera?A.241-2742. B.723-D.232-6220.解析:A 细节理解题。根据文中的Opera at Music Hall:Phne:241-2742.可知,如果你想看歌剧,你应该打电话给241-2742。故选A项。
2.间接信息题做这类题目时,需要对原文信息进行加工处理,然后再进行进一步的推理或鉴别,这是介于事实细节题和推理判断题之间的一种题型,有一定难度。【例题】 Day O’Cnnr (1930-present)When Sandra Day O’Cnnr finished third in her class at Stanfrd Law Schl,in 1952,she culd nt find wrk at a law firm because she was a wman.She became an Arizna state senatr (参议员) and,in 1981,the first wman t jin the Curt.O’Cnnr gave the deciding vte in many imprtant cases during her 24 years n the tp
●22.What was the reasn fr O’Cnnr’s being rejected by the law firm?A.Her lack f prper training in little wrk experience in discriminatin against pr financial cnditins.解析:C 根据Sandra Day O’Cnnr(1930-present)部分的“When Sandra Day O’Cnnr finished third in her class at Stanfrd Law Schl,in 1952,she culd nt find wrk at a law firm because she was a wman.”可知,她不能在律师事务所工作的原因是女性会受到性别歧视。故选C项。
3.数字计算题数字计算题也是近几年高考中常考的内容,此类试题是在文章中直接表现出来细节事实,有的要经过具体的计算才能够得出正确的答案。具体的计算题可以是对年代的计算、月份的计算或比例的计算等。文章中经常会出现许多数字,它们对解题产生一定的影响。解答此类试题的方法是先来理解文章的大意,然后经过对比、分析、计算等就能够得出正确的答案。
【例题】Mthers have lng knwn that their hme wrklad was just as heavy as paid wrk.Nw,the new study has shwn that if they were paid fr their parental laburs,they wuld earn as much as £172,000 a year.The study lked at the range f jbs mthers d,as well as the hurs they are wrking,t determine the figure.This wuld make their yearly incme £30,000 mre than the Prime Minister earns.●Hw much wuld a mther earn a year if wrking as the Prime Minister?A.£30,000.B.£142,000.C.£172,000.D.£202,000.
解析:B 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句中的“they wuld earn as much as £172,000 a year”可以得知母亲们一年可赚£172,000;而根据文章第二段第二句“This wuld make their yearly incme £30,000 mre than the Prime Minister earns.”可以得知她们比首相多赚£30,000;把两者相减即可得出首相的年薪,也就是£142,000。
4.排列顺序题这种试题要求根据事件发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系,找出事件发生的正确顺序。做这种题时可采用“首尾定位法”,即最先找出第一个事件和最后一个事件,迅速缩小选择范围,从而快速选出正确答案。
【例题】Gerner manages schl facilities (设施)fr Clark Cunty,Nevada,a district rughly the size f Massachusetts.By 2018,143,000 additinal students will enter the already crwded public-educatin system.Gerner needs 73 new schls t huse them.Fur architecture teams have nearly finished designing primary schl prttypes (样品);they plan t cnstruct their schls starting in 2009.The district will then assess hw well the schls perfrm,and three winners will cpy thse designs in 50 t 70 new buildings.
●Which rder f steps is fllwed in carrying ut the prject?A.Assessment—Prttype—Design——Design—Prttype——Assessment—Prttype——Prttype—Assessment—Cnstructin.解析:D 细节理解题。请看文章第二段:根据第二段的描述,工程的实施应按照“设计—提供样品—评估—建设”的程序。其他程序都不符合标准的建筑要求。
5.图表图画题在有图表图画的阅读理解中,有的图表图画出现在阅读理解文章中,有的出现在选项中,这些图片的出现增加了试题的直观性,同时也暗含着和文章内容相关的信息。在解答此类试题的时候,一定要把握图表图画中所暗含的信息,特别是有些事实是通过图片来叙述的,我们可以采用按图寻找正确答案的方法。
【例题】 with a Cmputer(percentage)
●The chart shws that frm 2005 t 2008, . A.the percentage f the Spanish families with a cmputer rse 35 pintsB.the percentage f the White families with a cmputer remained unchangedC.the number f the Black families with a cmputer was n the decreaseD.the number f the Asian families with a cmputer shwed the sharpest increase解析:D 细节理解题。请看原文中的柱形图:由柱形图可以清楚地看出,拥有电脑的亚洲家庭的数量急剧增加,其他三项表述都与图表不符,故D项正确。
【文章导语】 看来在课堂上打瞌睡也许并不是坏事。一项新研究显示,学完新知识后马上打个小盹是最佳的记忆方法。
Accrding t US lead authr Jessica Payne,a psychlgist at the University f Ntre Dame in Indiana,ndding ff after learning smething new is like “telling” the sleeping brain what t retain.Alng with clleagues,she studied 207 students wh habitually slept fr at least six hurs per night.Participants were randmly assigned t study declarative1,semantically2 related r unrelated wrd pairs at 9 am r 9 pm,and returned fr testing 30 minutes,12 hurs r 24 hurs later.Declarative memry refers t the ability t cnsciusly remember facts and events,and can be brken dwn int episdic3 memry(memry fr events)and semantic memry(memry fr facts abut the wrld).Peple rutinely use bth types f memry every day—recalling where we parked tday r learning hw a clleague prefers t be addressed.
At the 12-hur retest,memry verall was superir fllwing a night f sleep cmpared t a day f wakefulness.At the 24-hur retest,with all subjects having received bth a full night f sleep and a full day f wakefulness,subjects’ memries were superir when sleep ccurred shrtly after learning,rather than fllwing a full day f wakefulness.“Our study cnfirms that sleeping directly after learning smething new is beneficial fr memry.What’s nvel abut this study is that we tried t shine light n sleep’s influence n bth types f declarative memry by studying semantically unrelated and related wrd pairs,”Payne said.
“Since we fund that sleeping sn after learning benefited bth types f memry,this means that it wuld be a gd thing t rehearse4 any infrmatin yu need t remember befre ging t bed.In sme sense,yu may be ‘telling’ the sleeping brain what t cnslidate5.”
译文该研究的主要作者——美国印第安纳州诺特丹大学的心理学家杰西卡·佩恩认为,在学完新东西后打个盹就像把要记住的东西“告诉”睡眠中的大脑。她和同事一起对207名学生进行了研究,这些学生习惯每晚至少睡六个小时。参与者被随机分配到几个学习小组,学习内容是陈述性知识,包括语义相连或不相连的词组。学习时间在早上9点或晚上9点。学完后他们在30分钟、12小时或24小时后回来做测试。陈述性记忆指的是有意识地记忆事实和事件的能力,可以分为情节记忆(对事件的记忆)和语义记忆(对事实类知识的记忆)。人们每天都会例行运用这两种记忆——回想今天我们把车停在了哪里或了解一个同事喜欢别人怎么称呼他。
在12小时后再次进行测试时,总体来看睡了一夜的人相比还没睡觉的人记忆效果更好。在24小时后再度测试时,所有的实验对象都睡了一整夜,也在清醒中度过了一个白天。这次,那些在学习后不久就入睡的人比那些学习后过了一整个白天才睡觉的人记忆效果更好。佩恩说:“我们的研究证实,在学习新东西后马上睡觉对记忆有帮助。这项研究的创新之处在于,我们试图通过对语义相连和不相连的词组的记忆研究来揭示睡眠对于两种陈述性记忆的影响。” “我们发现在学习之后很快就睡觉对两种记忆都有帮助,这意味着在上床睡觉前温习你要记忆的东西将很有好处。在某种意义上,你可能在‘告诉’睡眠中的大脑需要巩固强化的记忆。”
词海拾贝1.declarative [dI̍klærətIv] adj.陈述的2.semantically [sI̍mæntIk] adv.语义地3.episdic [̩epI̍sɒdIk] adj.插曲式的4.rehearse [rI̍hɜːs] v.排练5.cnslidate [kən̍sɒlIdənt] v.巩固
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