高考英语一轮复习高考题型突破题型四语篇型语法填空训练2含解析

这是一份高考英语一轮复习高考题型突破题型四语篇型语法填空训练2含解析，共33页。
第三部分 高考题型突破
题型四　语篇型语法填空

Cloze 1[2020山东济南期中]
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中国算盘
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　　Have you ever wondered 　1　 you would do to solve math problems if you didn’t have a calculator or computer or even pencil and paper? People in China have used an ancient counting tool 　2　 (perform) mathematical operations. The Chinese calculator’s name is "suanpan", but it is known 　3　 "abacus" in English. The abacus, 　4　 (date) back to the Han Dynasty, is one of the symbols of Chinese people’s wisdom. 
The abacus has had a far-reaching influence on science and technology, language, literature, art, architecture and many 　5　 fields of China and even some areas of the world. Meanwhile, the abacus has affected people’s characters, such as honesty and diligence. For centuries, this simple counting device 　6　 (pass) down through different dynasties with its original design and purpose 　7　 (actual) unchanged. 
Calculations can be made on it immediately, with the device storing the results in "visual storage" much like a computer display. When working with an amount of 　8　 (number), an abacus is practically faster, since it has a 　9　 (good) "keyboard" than the Western calculators. Anyway, the small abacus has made an outstanding contribution in the fields of human intellectual development, just as the computer does in today’s 　10　(social). 
Cloze 2[2021河北沧州七校期中联考]
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与外国友人打招呼
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　　I met up with the lovely Australian gentleman again on my walk this morning.　1　(actual),I see him almost every morning. When I first saw him 　2　(month)ago,he walked by me quickly and didn’t look at me at all. He is not good at Chinese and I figure that’s why he might have been anxious about 　3　(make) eye contact. 
I don’t know any Australian so I would always just walk by with no contact as well. Then one day I stopped 　4　(say)"Nihao! "to him and smiled at him. He looked at me and with the 　5　(big) smile I had ever seen,he shyly said,"Nihao!" He, 　6　 was polite and friendly,looked like a different person.We made contact! After that,when we 　7　 (run)into each other,we exchanged "Nihao". 
This morning I saw him just from a distance and I tried waving 　8　 him since we were too far away to say "Nihao".Well, he was so happy when he saw me waving and he walked up to me in excitement.I saw his bright smile. In 　9　(break) Chinese, he asked me whether I could teach him Chinese and said that Chinese is indeed a beautiful, broad and profound language. I agreed. This surely made our happy morning and I bet he smiled all 　10　 way to the bus stop! 
Cloze 3[2021云南师大附中适应性考试]
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2020年诺贝尔
物理学奖获得者
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　　Twelve laureates were awarded Nobel Prizes in 2020.Their achievements are 　1　(benefit)to humankind. 
Three scientists,Roger Penrose,Reinhard Genzel and Andrea Ghez,　2　 helped uncover the details about black holes,shared this year’s Nobel Prize in Physics. 
Black holes are massive objects whose gravitational field is so strong 　3　 nothing can escape,not even light. At their centers,the laws of physics stop making sense. 
No question these objects are mysterious.Fortunately,the full picture gets clearer than before with scientists 　4　(continuous) working on them.Penrose eventually performed mathematical calculations that showed that black holes are not just mathematical ideas 　5　(suggest) by Einstein’s theory. According to his calculations, black holes could form in conditions which are likely to exist in the universe.Using the world’s 　6　(large)telescopes,Genzel and Ghez each lead astronomers who,since the early 1990s, 　7　(focus)on a region called Sagittarius A*(人马座A星)at the center of our galaxy.They developed 　8　(method) to see through the huge clouds of interstellar(星际的)gas and dust 　__9　 the center of the Milky Way.They also improved new techniques,　10　(devote)themselves to long-term research. Their pioneering work has given us the most convincing evidence of a supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way. 
Cloze 4[2021山东新高考质量考评联合调研]
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圆明园的十二尊雕像
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　　Summer Palace, which 　1　 (literal) means "the garden of perfect brightness", was an estate of gardens, temples, palaces and towers in the northwest of Beijing. However, it was broken into by the Anglo-French in 1860, 　2__　 numerous national treasures, including the 12 animal head statues, were taken away. 
In September 2007, Stanley Ho in Macao purchased the horse-head statue at a price of HK $69.1 million ($8.9 million). It 　3　 (donate) back to the country in November 2019. 
On Dec 1, 2020, the horse-head bronze statue returned to its original home, 　4　 (make) it the first animal-head statue to have come back to Yuanmingyuan. There is good news 　5　 the statue will be regularly displayed in the Zhengjue Temple area in Yuanmingyuan. 
"The horse’s head holds the memories of history and our nation’s 　6　(share) emotion," Pansy Ho Chiu-king, Stanley Ho’s daughter, said at the handover ceremony. The return of the statue sets 　7　 example to the international community to bring more lost relics back to their 　8　(origin). 
So far seven of the 12 statues, including the horse’s head, 　9　(come) back to China, and now the rest six are housed in the National Museum of China and Poly Art Museum. The search is 　10　 for the remaining five: a dog, a rooster, a dragon, a sheep and a snake. 
Cloze 5[2020浙江义乌适应性考试]
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饮茶
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　　You have heard about tea’s benefits, but not all the news 　1　(be) good. The latest study, led by Farhad Islami from the American Cancer Society, has found that 　2　(drink)too hot tea may double your risk of esophagus(食道)cancer. 
While previous studies have found a link 　3　 hot drinks and this type of cancer, this is the first study to 　4__　(accurate)figure out the temperature at which a hot liquid becomes risky. Dr. Islami and his colleagues find that the constant damage of stomach 　5　(cause)by swallowing hot liquids may speed up the growth of cancer. While the 　6　(result)are unsettling, it may help to know that out of the more than 49,000 tea drinkers in 　7　 study, only 317 developed esophagus cancer. In other words, the overall risk is still small. 
The study has also showed that although black tea and green tea have antioxidants(抗氧化剂)　8　 can help reduce cancer risk, there are other unknown compounds(化合物)in the tea that may have a harmful effect on your body when it 　__9　(make)too hot. Before drinking hot tea, 　10　 is wise to wait until it cools down. 
Cloze 6[2020辽宁大连二十四中模拟]
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钱学森
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　　Qian Xuesen, a gifted rocket scientist 　1　 led China’s space and rocketry programs, was born in Shanghai in December 1911. He 　2　 (admit)into Shanghai Jiao Tong University in 1929. In 1934, he won 　3　 scholarship and in 1935 he left China to study at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. One year later, he 　4　 (go)to the California Institute of Technology to start graduate studies under Theodore von Kármán, a world-famous professor of aerodynamics(空气动力学). 
From 1938 to 1955, Qian stayed in America, working with Kármán to research aerodynamics, rocketry and missiles. Despite his high salary and comfortable life in the US, Qian remained 　5　 (concern)about his home country’s development. In October 1955, Qian braved all the difficulties and 　6　 (final)made his way back to China. 
Upon his arrival, Qian Xuesen, together 　7　 dynamics expert Qian Weichang, established the Institute of Mechanics. Then Qian set out 　8　 (lead)China’s missile and rocketry programs. 
Uninterested in fortune and fame, Qian devoted his life to 　9　 (rebuild)the nation. "As a Chinese technician, my life’s purpose is to serve the people," he said. "If after I die the public feels I have made a contribution during my life, that 　__10　 (approve)will be the highest praise of all." Qian died on Oct. 31, 2009. The Chinese people will never forget his contribution. 
Cloze 7[2020安徽合肥第三次质量检测]
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北京烤鸭
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　　Beijing roast duck, which is honored as by far one of the 　1　 (delicious) dishes in the world, has won fame both at home and abroad. Nowadays, an increasing number of 　2　 (foreign) traveling to Beijing fall in love with 　3　. 
Preparing high-quality roast duck 　4　 (be) a long and complicated process of many steps, from selecting the duck at the beginning to 　5　 (serve) it to the diners at the end. Each step is carefully taken to guarantee the roast duck is attractive in 　6　 (appear), red in color, fragrant, and hot with thin steam when served. In the restaurant, ducks are roasted upon the order of the diners. After the roast duck is ready, it is brought to the diners, in front of 　7　 a chef will skillfully slice the juicy meat, each piece with well-cooked skin 　8　 (attach) to it. You can dip the slices of duck into sweet sauce (酱), and wrap the meat with some spring onions inside a thin pancake, and you finally take a bite only then! Normally, the remaining bones of the duck 　9　 (cook) slowly for making delicious, milk-white soup. All goes well with wine, thus making the dinner 　10　 unforgettable "full-duck banquet(宴会)". 
Cloze 8[2020河北唐山一中调研]
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计算机的发展史
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　　The history of the computer began in 1642 as a calculating machine in France. It could 　1　 (simple) difficult sums. The computer developed very slowly and it took nearly two hundred years 　2　 it was built as an 　3　 (analyze) machine. In 1936, Alan Turing wrote a book about how to make the computer work as a "universal machine"　4　 (solve) difficult mathematical problems. 
At the beginning, the computer was as large as a room. This reality worried the designers. With time 　5　 (go) by, it became smaller and smaller and 　6　 (it) memory developed a lot. With artificial intelligence, it was getting cleverer and cleverer, quicker and quicker. In 　7　 early 1960s, computers could be connected by a network, which enabled the users to share information with others. Since the 1970s, computers have had many new 　8　 (apply) and become very important in communication, finance and trade. They have been put into space rockets and sent to explore the Moon and Mars. Since its birth, the computer 　9　 (design) to serve the human race and provided humans 　10　 a high-quality life. 
Cloze 9[命题新角度:考查倒装句式]
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北斗卫星导航系统
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　　Up to June 23rd, 2020, 55 BeiDou satellites 　1　 (send) up, meaning the completion of China’s self-developed BeiDou Navigation(导航) Satellite System(BDS). BDS appears later 　2　 America’s GPS, Russia’s GLONASS and EU’ s Galileo, but it can match them. As one of the four 　3　 (globe) navigation satellite systems, BDS involves efforts of over 400 agencies and 300,000 research personnel and technicians.  
Originally 　4　 (plan) in the 1980s, the network represents a milestone in China’s space effort. BDS is comparable to GPS in terms of the 　5　 (accurate) of positioning. It also offers short message communication and thus can provide emergency communications in areas 　6　 conventional communication signals are poor. 　7　 an effort to improve the quality of their positioning services, Apple and Samsung phones, among others, are already using BDS’s signals, and so 　__8__ (be) every Chinese brand.  
The construction of complete BDS is a huge technical achievement for China and can 　9　 (easy) pay off in the near future. Meanwhile, BDS’s great contribution to 　10　 (promote) the world’s economic and social development as well as the peaceful use of space has attracted the world’s attention. 
Cloze 10[素材导向:传播中国优秀文化]
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孔子学院线上课程
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　　Experience China, a popular week-long holiday program, took place online for the first time on Monday. It was organized by the Confucius Institute in Frankfurt 　1　 the Chinese language and some Chinese culture are taught. 　2__　(design) for German children who are interested in the Chinese language and culture, this year’s program has been simplified 　3　(adapt) to children’s online attention span(持续时间) and habits. It has 　4　(few) events of dancing and martial arts, but more real-time video chats with Chinese youth in China. The Institute’s online classes will gradually take 　__5　 place of traditional ones in late March. Its students could also get 　6　(accessible) to various online after-class activities, such as attending reading clubs and Tai Chi lessons. 
"The feedback on our online classes 　7　(be) very good so far. We have no complaints about the sudden switch to online classes," Christina Werum-Wang, director of the Institute, 　8　(tell) Xinhua. "Even more, most people are very happy that we don’t stop classes, and they are 　9　(simple) grateful that the program goes so smoothly," Werum-Wang added. "Whether some online events should be kept in the future is still 　10　 discussion." 
Cloze 11[创新素材:新兴职业]
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生活教练
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　　Sometimes in life, people may find they are stuck with 　1　(convention) thoughts and behaviors or wondering what they’re supposed to be doing right now. In this case, life coaches 　2　(require) to help them improve their game strategies. A life coach is a professional who takes 　3　(responsible) for things ranging from encouraging people to make personal life changes they have always sought 　4　 assisting them in identifying goals and hitting a path toward self-improvement. 
For example, if you are upset in your career path and 　5　(extreme) unsure of the right direction to follow, life coaches are of help. They won’t tell you what to do, but rather they’ll help guide you to 　6　 you should be headed. They help you find your true calling or desire but let you make it a reality on your own. Life coaches also give you the clearness you long for 　7　(make) important decisions.  
So if you are struggling for 　8　 better version of yourself, you may consider some help from life coaches. There is nothing to be ashamed of when it comes to 　9　(turn) to others. Sometimes if a little guidance along with some pushes 　__10　(come) in, you will be led to the life you have expected. 


题组1 中国特色
Cloze 1[2020全国Ⅱ]
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中国新年装饰品
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Decorating with Plants, Fruits and Flowers for Chinese New Year
Chinese New Year is a 　61　(celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers 　62　(carry) special significance. They represent the earth 　63　(come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings. 
These are some of the most popular in many parts of the country:
Oranges: Orange trees are more 　64　 decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth. They make great gifts and you see them many times 　65　(decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune. 
　　Bamboo: Chinese love their "Lucky Bamboo" plants and you will see them often in their homes and offices. 　66__　(certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must. Bamboo plants are associated 　67　 health, abundance and a happy home. They are easy 　68　(care) for and make great presents. 
Branches of Plum Blossoms(梅花): The 　69　 (beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds(蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations. The plum trees are 　70　 first to flower even as the snow is melting(融化). They represent the promise of spring and a renewal of life. 
Cloze 2[2018全国Ⅱ]
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中国调整农作物种植结构
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　　Diets have changed in China — and so too has its top crop. Since 2011, the country 　61　(grow) more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over 　62　 past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent. 
A taste for meat is 　63　(actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corn’s rise:The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice 　64　(improve) water quality. Corn uses less water 　65　 rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥) runoff. This switch has decreased 　66__　(pollute) in the country’s major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people. 
According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total 　67　(globe) fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 — when the government 　68　(start) a soil-testing program 　__69　 gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers — and 2011,fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That prevented the emission(排放) of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. China’s approach to protecting its environment while 　__70　 (feed) its citizens "offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide," says the bank’s Juergen Voegele. 
Cloze 3[2016乙卷(全国Ι)]
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成都和大熊猫
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　　Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top　61　(attract). 
So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research. I　62　(allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador. The title will be　63　 (official)given to me at a ceremony in London. But my connection with pandas goes back 　64　 my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s,　65　 I was the first Western TV reporter　66　(permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include　67　(introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia. 
　　On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by　68　(it) mother. The nursery team switches him every few　69　(day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, 　70　 other is with mum — she never suspects. 
Cloze 4[2016丙卷(全国Ш)]
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筷子
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　　In much of Asia, especially the so-called "rice bowl" cultures of China, Japan, Korea, 　61　 Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks. 
Chopsticks are usually two long, thin pieces of wood or bamboo. They can also be made of plastic, animal bone or metal. Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic. Truly elegant chopsticks might　62　(make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters.Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal　63　(create) special designs. 
　　The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years. People probably cooked their food in large pots, 　64__　(use) twigs (树枝) to remove it. Over time, 　65　 the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly. Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which 　66　 (gradual) turned into chopsticks. 
　　Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, 　67　 lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the 　68　 (develop) of chopsticks. Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and 　69　(be) too violent for use at the table. 
Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat　70　 their hands. 
题组2 社会与历史
Cloze 5[2020浙江]
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农业技术的发展
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　　Some time after 10000 BC, people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived 　56　, through agriculture.Over thousands of years, they began to depend less on 　57　 could be hunted or gathered from the wild, and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown. 
Farming produced more food per person 　58　 hunting and gathering, so people were able to raise more children. And, as more children were born, more food 　59　(need).Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology 　60　(change) lives. 
By about 6000 BC, people 　61　(discover) the best crops to grow and animals to raise.Later, they learned to work with the 　62　(season), planting at the right time and, in dry areas, 　63　(make) use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉) their fields. 
This style of farming lasted for quite a long time.Then, with 　64　 rise of science, changes began. New methods 　__65　(mean) that fewer people worked in farming.In the last century or so, these changes have accelerated.New power machinery and artificial fertilizers(化肥) have now totally transformed a way of life that started in the Stone Age. 
Cloze 6[2020新高考Ⅱ(海南)]
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《数码世界》
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　　These days, it is not unusual for 10- to 12-year-olds to publish their own websites or for second and third graders 　56　 (begin) computer classes. At the same time, computer games are becoming increasingly popular as major publishing houses continue to develop 　57　 (education) computer programs for children in preschool. Also, technological know-how has become a 　58　 (require) for most jobs in an increasingly digital world, as the computer has become a common tool in most 　59　 (profession).  
　　The Digital World is a set of volumes 　60　 aim to describe how digital systems influence society and help readers understand the nature of digital systems and their many interacting parts. Each volume in the set explores 　61　 wide range of materials, explains the basic concepts of major applications of digital systems, 　62　 discusses the influences they have on everyday life. Because the number of possible topics 　63　 (be) practically limitless, we focus on a sample of the most interesting and useful applications and tools and explain the basic principles of technology. Readers 　64　 (encourage) to continue exploring the digital world with the guidance of 　65　(we) Further Resources section featured in each volume.  
Cloze 7[2020浙江1月]
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人口老龄化
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　　Something significant is happening to the world population — it is aging. The median(中位数的) age of an American in 1950 　56　(be) 30 — today it is 41 and is expected 　57　(increase) to 42 by 2050. For Japan, the 　58　(number) are more striking — 22 in 1950, 46 today and 53 in 2050. In 2015, one in 12 people around the world were over 65; by 2050, it will be one in six. 
This aging of the population is driven 　59　 two factors. The first is declining birth rates, which means old generations are large 　60　(compare) to younger generations, and so, on average, the population becomes 　61　(old) than before. This is 　62　(particular) true in the US. The second reason is that people are living longer. A child born in the US today has 　63　 very realistic chance of living beyond 100 and needs to plan accordingly. 
People tend to focus on the first factor. However, greater attention should 　64　(place) on longevity(长寿). It isn’t just that people are, on average, living longer. It’s also that they are on average healthier 　65　 more productive for longer. Therefore, they can work for longer, consume more and in general be a boost to the economy. 
题组3 工作与职业
Cloze 8[2019全国Ⅱ]
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90岁英国女士获"年度女性奖"
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185
8分钟
　　A 90-year-old has been awarded "Woman Of The Year" for 　61　(be) Britain’s oldest full-time employee — still working 40 hours a week. Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield,　62　 she opened with her late husband Les. Her years of hard work have 　63　 (final) been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名) her to be Cheshire’s Woman Of The Year. 
Picking up her "Lifetime Achievement" award, proud Irene 　64　(declare) she had no plans　65　 (retire) from her 36-year-old business. Irene said, "I don’t see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I 　66　(make)over the years. I work not because I have to,　67　 because I want to." 
Granddaughter Gayle Parks, 31 — who works alongside her in the family business — said it remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award. She said, "We don’t have any idea who put grandma forward. When we got a call 　68　(say) she was short-listed, we thought it was 　69　 joke. But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. It’s 　70　(wonder)." 
Cloze 9[2017丙卷(全国Ш)]
主题
考点分布
词数
建议时间
动
非谓语
形/副
名
介
连
代
冠
上学的同时兼职做模特
2
2
1
2
1
1
0
1
197
8分钟
　　She looks like any other schoolgirl, fresh-faced and full of life. Sarah Thomas is looking forward to the challenge of her new A-level course. But unlike her school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term 　61　(rest). Instead, she is earning ￡6,500 a day as 　62　 model in New York. 
Sarah 　63　 (tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year. Her father Peter, 44, wants her to give up school to model full-time. But Sarah, 　64　 has taken part in shows along with top models, wants 　65　 (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty. She is determined to carry on with her 　66　(educate). 
She has turned down several 　67　(invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies. After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree 　68　 engineering or architecture. 
Sarah says, "My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school 　69　 (come) first. I don’t want to get too absorbed in modeling. It is 　70　(certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal. I don’t want to have nothing else to fall back on when I can’t model any more." 
题组4 饮食与健康
Cloze 10[2018浙江]
主题
考点分布
词数
建议时间
动
非谓语
形/副
名
介
连
代
冠
外出就餐
1
2
2
2
1
1
1
0
191
8分钟
　　Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese 　56　 (dish) is seen as especially troublesome. Many westerners 　57　 come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap 　58　 can be to eat out. I still remember 　59　 (visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years and I 　60　 (shock) when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time. 
　　While regularly eating out seems to 　61　 (become)common for many young people in recent years, it’s not without a cost. The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be 　62　 (afford) but doing this most days adds up. There could be an even 　63　 (high) cost on your health. Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in 　64　 (weigh) problems. 
　　If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum’s home 　65　 dinner, get a few cooking tips from her. Cooking food can be fun. You might also begin to notice the effects not only on your health but in your pocket. 
Cloze 11[2017乙卷(全国Ι)]
主题
考点分布
词数
建议时间
动
非谓语
形/副
名
介
连
代
冠
饮食与健康
2
2
2
1
1
1
0
1
196
9分钟
　　There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界)　61　 a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 　62　(effect) such as overweight and heart disease — the very thing the medical community was trying to fight. 
　　Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 　63　(process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt 　64　(remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something. As 　65　 result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even 　66　(bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food 　67　(be) full of fat and salt; by 　68　(eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet. 
Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be　69　 (care) not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 　70　 is not good for the health. 


答 案
题型四　语篇型语法填空

Cloze 1
本文主要介绍了中国的算盘。算盘对中国乃至世界的很多方面都产生了深远的影响。
1.what　考查名词性从句。根据句意和句子结构可知,空处引导宾语从句,且在从句中作宾语,表示"……事情",故填what。
2.to perform　考查非谓语动词。use sth. to do sth.表示"使用……做……",故填to perform作目的状语。
3.as　考查介词。句意:这个中国计算工具的名字叫"算盘",但在英语中它被称为"abacus"。根据句意可知,此处考查固定搭配be known as"被称为,被认为是",故填as。
4.dating　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空前句子完整,空处应用date非谓语动词形式,且date与其逻辑主语The abacus构成主谓关系,应用现在分词形式,故填dating。
5.other　考查形容词。句意:算盘对中国乃至世界一些地区的科技、语言、文学、艺术、建筑和许多其他领域产生了深远影响。根据句意可知,空前列举了很多领域,空处表示"其他的",other表示"另外,其他"。故填other。
6.has been passed　考查动词时态。根据上文的"For centuries"可知,此处应用现在完成时,且主语"this simple counting device"与谓语动词pass之间为动宾关系,应用被动语态,故填has been passed。
7.actually　考查副词。此空修饰形容词unchanged,需要副词,故填actually。
8.numbers　考查名词。an amount of "许多,大量",后接可数名词时,应该用复数,number为可数名词,故填numbers。
9.better　考查形容词比较级。根据下文中的"than the Western calculators"可知, 此处应用形容词的比较级better。
10.society　考查名词。空前是名词所有格today’s,其后应接名词作介词in的宾语,故填society。
Cloze 2
　　本文是记叙文。文章讲述了作者和一位澳大利亚人从不认识到互相打招呼的经历。
1.Actually　考查副词。空处修饰整个句子,应用副词形式,且位于句首,首字母应大写,故填Actually。
2.months　考查名词单复数。month为可数名词,其前面没有限定词修饰,故应用复数形式。此处months ago表示"几个月前"。
3.making　考查非谓语动词。空处位于介词about后,应用动词-ing形式作宾语。
4.to say　考查非谓语动词。此处表示"我停下来对他说‘你好!’",表示"停下来去做某事"应用固定短语stop to do sth.,故填不定式to say。stop doing sth.表示"停止做某事"。
5.biggest　考查形容词最高级。根据空后的"I had ever seen"可知,此处表示"我见过的最灿烂的笑容",应用形容词最高级形式。故填biggest。
6.who　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处在此引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中作主语,先行词为He,故此处应用关系代词who引导。
7.ran　考查动词时态。语篇叙述的是过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时;run是不规则变化动词,其过去式为ran。
8.at/to　考查介词。短语wave at/to sb.表示"向某人挥手"。
9.broken　考查形容词。根据后文提到的"他问我是否可以教他汉语"可知,他的汉语说得不好,故此处应用broken,表示"蹩脚的,不流利的"。
10.the　考查冠词。all the way为固定短语,表示"一直,一路上"。
Cloze 3
　　本文介绍了获得2020年诺贝尔物理学奖的三位科学家。
1.beneficial　考查形容词。be beneficial to表示"有益于"。
2.who　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处在此引导非限制性定语从句,并在从句中作主语,且先行词是人,故应用关系代词who引导。
3.that　考查状语从句。句意:黑洞的引力如此之大以至于没有东西能够逃脱,甚至光也不能。so...that...为固定结构,表示"如此……以至于……",that在此引导结果状语从句。
4.continuously　考查副词。空处修饰非谓语动词短语working on,应用副词形式continuously。
5.suggested　考查非谓语动词,分析句子结构可知,空处为非谓语动词作后置定语,且ideas与suggest之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,故用过去分词形式suggested。
6.largest　根据空前的"the world’s"可知,此处表示在世界范围内比较,应用形容词最高级。
7.have focused/have been focusing　考查动词时态。根据从句中的时间状语"since the early 1990s"可知,此处可用现在完成时,表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响;也可用现在完成进行时,表示动作从过去一直持续到现在,而且还有可能持续下去。
8.methods　method表示"方法",为可数名词,且其前没有限定词修饰,故应用复数形式。
9.to　考查介词。句意:他们研究出了新方法,能够透过巨大的星际气体和尘埃,观测到银河系的中心。根据句意可知,此处应用介词to,表示"直到"。
10.devoting　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空处所在句已有谓语improved,空处应填非谓语动词作状语,且devote与其逻辑主语They为主谓关系,故用现在分词形式devoting。
Cloze 4
　　本文讲述了圆明园的十二尊雕像的现状,这些雕像中有七尊被运回中国,其余的正在寻找中。
1.literally　考查副词。空处修饰从句谓语means,应用副词形式,故填literally,表示"字面上"。
2.when　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处在此引导定语从句,修饰先行词1860,从句缺少时间状语,表示"那时候",故用关系副词when。
3.was donated 考查动词时态和语态。根据时间状语"in November 2019"可知,此处应用一般过去时;主语It指代前文的"the horse-head statue",与谓语动词donate为动宾关系,应用被动语态;且主语It为单数形式,故应填was donated。
4.making　考查非谓语动词。句意:2020年12月1日,马首铜像回到了它原来的家,成为第一个回到圆明园的兽首雕像。根据句意并分析句子结构可知,空处应用现在分词形式作结果状语,表示自然而然的结果。故填making。
5.that　考查同位语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处在此引导同位语从句,对前文的抽象名词good news进行解释说明,从句结构和句意完整,空处在此只起连接作用,故应用that。
6.shared　考查非谓语动词。空处位于名词emotion前,作定语,share与emotion之间是动宾关系,故应用过去分词作定语。故填shared。
7.an　考查冠词。set an example to sb.为固定搭配,表示"为某人树立榜样"。要注意example的发音是以元音音素开头,要用不定冠词an。
8.origins　考查名词复数。根据前文的可数名词复数"relics"可知,此处应用复数形式,表示"各种文物回归到它们原来的地方"。故填origins。
9.have come　考查动词时态。根据句中的So far可知,此处应用现在完成时;句子主语seven of the 12 statues为复数形式,谓语也应用复数。故填have come。
10.on　考查介词。根据句意可知,此处表示"五座雕像正处于寻找中的状态",表示正在进行的状态,应用介词on。
Cloze 5
　　这是一篇说明文,主要介绍了饮茶虽有一定益处,但若饮用滚烫的热茶,对身体健康有潜在的危害。
1.is　考查时态和主谓一致。此处指"并不都是好消息",句中主语中心词news是不可数名词,谓语应为第三人称单数形式,且根据语境可知,此处应用一般现在时,故填is。
2.drinking　考查非谓语动词。从句中may double为谓语,故空处使用非谓语动词,又因空处在句中作主语,故用drinking。
3.between　考查介词。此处表达的是"热饮与此种癌症之间的联系",between...and...表示"……和……之间"。
4.accurately　考查副词。此处修饰动词短语figure out,应使用副词形式。
5.caused　考查非谓语动词。此处意为"喝下热饮所导致的胃部持续损伤",cause与其逻辑主语damage之间构成动宾关系,故用过去分词作后置定语。
6.results　考查名词。根据谓语are可知空处应使用名词复数形式。
7.the　考查冠词。此处特指上文中提到的study,故用定冠词。
8.that/which　考查关系代词。此处表示红茶和绿茶中有能降低癌症风险的抗氧化剂。空处引导限制性定语从句修饰antioxidants,且空处在从句中作主语,因而可使用关系代词that/which。
9.is made　考查动词时态和语态。此处表示它被做得太热了。此处主语it指代上文的tea,make与其主语之间为动宾关系,且此处为对一般情况的介绍,应用一般现在时,故填is made。
10.it　考查代词。此处为"it is +adj.+to do sth."结构,it为形式主语,真正的主语为不定式。
Cloze 6
　　文章主要讲述了钱学森放弃国外优越条件,毅然回国发展中国火箭和导弹事业,他一生不求名利,献身于建设祖国。
1.who/that　考查关系代词。Qian Xuesen为句子的主语,a gifted rocket scientist 为它的同位语,空格处引导限制性定语从句,修饰指人的先行词scientist,故空处应用who/that,在从句中充当主语。
2.was admitted　考查动词时态和语态。本句为简单句,句中缺少谓语动词;由in 1929可知时态为一般过去时,又因主语He和admit之间是动宾关系,故用一般过去时的被动语态。
3.a　考查冠词。scholarship在此意为"奖学金",为可数名词,又因此处泛指"一笔奖学金",故用不定冠词a。
4.went　考查动词时态。空处是句子的谓语部分,由时间状语One year later判断此处应用一般过去时,故填went。
5.concerned　考查形容词。此处考查短语remain concerned about,表示"对……担心/忧虑"。
6.finally　考查副词。此处应用副词形式修饰动词made,故填finally。
7.with　考查介词。此处考查短语together with"和……一起"。
8.to lead　考查非谓语动词。此处考查短语set out to do sth."着手做某事",故填to lead。
9.rebuilding　考查非谓语动词。devote...to..."把……奉献给……",to是介词,故此处应用动名词作to的宾语。
10.approval　考查名词。分析句子可知,此处应填名词作主句的主语,再由that判断填名词单数形式approval。
Cloze 7
　　本文是一篇说明文,介绍了北京烤鸭。
1.most delicious　考查形容词最高级。根据空前的by far和the,再结合句意可知,此处用形容词最高级形式,故填most delicious。
2.foreigners　考查名词。an increasing number of表示"越来越多的",后面接可数名词复数,故填foreigners。
3.it　考查代词。此处指代前面的Beijing roast duck,故填it。
4.is　考查时态和主谓一致。句意:做优质的烤鸭是一个费时而复杂的过程,从最开始选鸭到最后端给就餐者,要经过很多步骤。此处陈述的是客观事实,用一般现在时,动词-ing短语Preparing high-quality roast duck作主语,谓语动词用第三人称单数,故填is。
5.serving　考查非谓语动词。空前的to是介词,后跟动词时要用其-ing形式作宾语,故填serving。
6.appearance　考查名词。每一步都是精心制作的,以保证烤鸭上桌时外观诱人,色泽红润,香味浓郁,热气腾腾。作介词in的宾语用名词,故填appearance。
7.whom　考查定语从句。在用餐者面前,一位厨师会熟练地将多汁的肉切成薄片,每一块都带着熟皮。此处为定语从句,先行词为diners,指人,关系词在从句中作in front of的宾语,故填whom。
8.attached　考查非谓语动词。此处为with复合结构,skin与attach之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,用过去分词作宾补,故填attached。
9.are cooked　考查动词的时态和语态。通常情况下,剩下的鸭骨头会慢慢地煮,用来做美味的乳白色的汤。the remaining bones 与cook之间是动宾关系,且此处叙述的是一般事实,应该用一般现在时的被动语态,故填are cooked。
10.an　考查冠词。所有这些都和酒很配,从而使晚餐成为一个难忘的"全鸭宴"。banquet是可数名词,此处用不定冠词表泛指,且unforgettable的发音以元音音素开头,故填an。
Cloze 8
　　这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了计算机的发展史。
1.simplify　考查动词。根据语境及空前的could可知,此处应使用动词simplify"使简化"的原形。故填simplify。
2.before　考查连词。计算机的发展非常缓慢,花了近200年的时间才把它开发成分析型机器。根据句意可知,此处应使用连词before"在……之前"。故填before。
3.analytical　考查形容词。此处作machine的定语,应使用形容词analytical"分析的"。故填analytical。
4.to solve　考查非谓语动词。1936年,Alan Turing写了一本关于如何使计算机作为一个"通用机器"来解决数学难题的书。根据句意并分析句子结构可知,此处表示目的,应使用不定式。故填to solve。
5.going　考查非谓语动词。此处为with复合结构,time与go是逻辑上的主谓关系,应使用现在分词,表示主动、动作正在进行。故填going。
6.its　考查代词。它变得越来越小,内存也得到了很大的发展。根据句意可知,此处指"它(计算机)的",应使用形容词性物主代词its。故填its。
7.the　考查冠词。表示年代时要用定冠词。故填the。
8.applications　考查名词。根据空前的many可知,此处应使用名词application"应用"的复数形式。故填applications。
9.has been designed　考查时态和语态。根据"Since its birth"可知,应使用现在完成时;the computer与design之间是动宾关系,应使用被动语态。故填has been designed。
10.with　考查介词。provide sb. with sth.为固定搭配,表示"给某人提供某物"。故填with。
Cloze 9
　　文章主要介绍了中国的卫星导航系统"北斗"及其优点。
1.have been sent　考查时态和语态。根据句意可知,北斗卫星是被发射的,主语与send是动宾关系,应用被动语态;再根据时间状语"Up to June 23rd, 2020"可知,此处应用现在完成时的被动语态。
2.than　考查介词。根据语境和空前的later可知,此处表示北斗卫星导航系统比这些系统出现得晚,故用than引出比较对象。
3.global　考查形容词。修饰名词systems应使用所给词的形容词形式,global表示"全球的"。
4.planned　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处为非谓语动词作状语,动词plan"规划,计划"与the network为逻辑上的动宾关系,且此处表示动作已完成,故用过去分词作状语。
5.accuracy　考查名词。空处被定冠词the修饰且作in terms of的宾语,应使用所给词的名词形式。accuracy"准确(性)"。
6.where　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,此处为限制性定语从句,修饰先行词areas,且关系词在从句中作地点状语,故用关系副词where。
7.In　考查介词。in an effort to do sth."为了做某事"是固定用法,故填In。注意:空处位于句首,首字母要大写。
8.is　考查时态和主谓一致。 此处是so开头的倒装句型"so+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语",表示前面所述情况也适合该主语。此处主语为every Chinese brand,为单数意义,且此处描述客观情况,应用一般现在时,故用is。
9.easily　考查副词。空处修饰谓语动词,应该用副词。easily"极有可能"。
10.promoting　考查非谓语动词。空前的to是介词,空处与空后的名词词组构成动名词短语作to的宾语,故本空应填动词的-ing形式promoting。
Cloze 10
　　本文介绍了法兰克福孔子学院为对中国语言和文化感兴趣的德国孩子开设的为期一周的"体验中国"线上课程。
1.where　考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句且在从句中作地点状语,故填where。
2.Designed　考查非谓语动词。design与其逻辑主语this year’s program是动宾关系,且此处表示动作已经完成,故用过去分词。
3.to adapt　考查非谓语动词。此处为动词不定式作目的状语,表示课程已被简化以适应孩子在网上的注意力持续时间和习惯。
4.fewer　考查形容词比较级。根据句中表示转折的连词but和后面的more可知,课程中涉及舞蹈和武术的活动较少,但是与中国年轻人的实时视频聊天更多了。故填比较级fewer。
5.the　考查冠词。take the place of是固定搭配,意为"代替,取代",故填the。
6.access　考查名词。空处作get的宾语,应用名词;access"(使用或见到的)机会,权利",是不可数名词,故填access。
7.has been　考查动词时态。句末的so far是现在完成时的标志词,句子的主语The feedback是单数,故填has been。
8.told　考查时态。根据语境可知,此处"告诉"的动作发生在过去,故用一般过去时。
9.simply　考查副词。空处修饰形容词grateful,故用副词simply。simply在此处表示"确实,简直"。
10.under　考查介词。under discussion"在讨论中"是固定搭配,故填under。
Cloze 11
　　很多人发现自己被传统思想和行为困住或不知道当下要做什么。生活教练可以改变这一状况,他们鼓励人们做出改变、明确目标、不断进步。
【背景知识】　"生活教练"是一种在美国兴起的新兴职业,正走入中国。所谓生活教练就是以类似教练的角色出现在人们的生活中,帮助人们提高生活品质,引导人们设定生活目标,拟定具体实施计划,并采取行动,帮助人们跨越到理想的生活状态。
【词语积累】　hit常见义:v.打,击　本文义:v.到达(某地)
calling n.使命感,责任感;职业,行业
1.conventional　考查形容词。分析句子结构可知,此处应用形容词修饰名词thoughts and behaviors。conventional"墨守成规的,普通平凡的"。
2.are required　考查动词时态和语态。结合语境可知,此处陈述客观情况,应用一般现在时;主语life coaches与require之间为动宾关系,应用被动语态。故填are required。
3.responsibility　考查名词。take responsibility for"承担……的责任",是固定搭配。
4.to　考查介词。结合句意并分析句子结构可知,此处为range from...to...结构,表示"从鼓励人们做出自己一直想要的个人生活改变,到帮助他们确定目标,踏上一条自我提升之路"。故填介词to。
5.extremely　考查副词。空处修饰形容词unsure,应用副词,故填extremely。
6.where　考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导宾语从句,且在从句中作地点状语,故填where。
7.to make　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处应用不定式作后置定语,修饰the clearness。
8.a　考查冠词。此处表示"一个更好的自己",故应用不定冠词a表泛指。
9.turning　考查非谓语动词。when it comes to为固定句式,意为"一谈到,当提到",to是介词,其后常跟名词或动名词,故填turning。
10.comes　考查动词时态。条件状语从句中通常用一般现在时表将来;句子主语guidance为不可数名词,谓语动词应用单数形式。故填comes。
【名师点津】　名词作主语,后面紧跟as well as, rather than, but, except, besides, with,accompanied by, along with, together with, like, including, combined with等时,谓语动词的数与前面的名词保持一致。

题组1　中国特色
Cloze 1
　　文章讲述了中国人在庆祝春节时用植物、水果和鲜花来做装饰以及它们所代表的美好寓意。
61.celebration　考查名词。不定冠词a 后面接可数名词单数,所以填celebration。
62.carries　考查动词时态和主谓一致。在why引导的表语从句中,动名词短语decorating...flowers作主语,谓语动词用单数,并且此处讲的是客观事实,用一般现在时,所以填carries。
63.coming　考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词represent,空处应用非谓语动词,且the earth和come 之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,所以填coming。
64.than　考查固定搭配。more than 为固定搭配,在这里表示"不仅仅",所以填than。
65.decorated　考查非谓语动词。空前的them指代上文的Orange trees,和decorate之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,故用动词的-ed形式作宾语补足语,所以填decorated。
66.Certainly　考查副词。此处修饰整个句子,且位于句首,所以填Certainly。
67.with　考查介词。be associated with...是固定搭配,表示"与……有关"。
68.to care　考查非谓语动词。此处考查"be +adj.+to do "结构。注意此处用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。
69.beautiful　考查形容词。空处和空后的long共同修饰名词branches,所以填beautiful。
70.the　考查冠词。序数词前加定冠词the,表示"第几个"。
Cloze 2
　　本文是一篇说明文,介绍了中国近年来调整农作物种植结构的情况。
【核心词汇】　account for(在数量、比例上)占; 说明(原因、理由等)　specific adj. 明确的, 特定的,具体的　recommendation n. 推荐; 推荐信; 建议　carbon dioxide 二氧化碳
61.has grown　考查动词时态。由句中的时间状语"Since 2011"可知,此处应用现在完成时。
62.the　考查冠词。此处是特指,故用定冠词the。over the past 25 years表示"在过去的25年里"。
63.actually　考查副词。这里应用副词来修饰谓语动词is,故填actual的副词形式actually。
64.to improve　考查非谓语动词。不定式短语to improve water quality作目的状语。
65.than　考查介词。由空前的less可知,此处应用介词than,表示"比"。
66.pollution　考查名词。此处应填名词pollution(不可数名词)作宾语。
67.global　考查形容词。此处应填globe的形容词形式global作定语。
68.started　考查动词时态。根据语境可知,此处叙述发生在过去的情况,应用一般过去时,故填started。
69.that/which　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,a soil-testing program是先行词,指物,且定语从句中缺主语,所以应填关系代词that或which。
70.feeding　考查非谓语动词。该句的主语暗示feed的逻辑主语为China, feed与China为逻辑上的主谓关系,故用现在分词,构成"连词+分词"结构。
Cloze 3
　　本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了作者的成都之旅以及与大熊猫之间的故事。
61.attraction　考查名词。句意:但对于像我这样的游客,熊猫是它(成都)最具吸引力之物。由形容词性物主代词its以及形容词top可知,此处应该填动词attract的名词形式attraction,意为"吸引人的事物"。
62.was allowed　考查动词时态和语态。主语I与动词allow之间是动宾关系,且前一句中的"was"表明此处应用一般过去时,故填was allowed。
63.officially　考查副词。修饰动词应该用副词,所以填officially。
64.to　考查介词。go back to是固定搭配,意为 "追溯到"。
65.when　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处在此引导定语从句,且在从句中作时间状语,故填关系副词when。
66.permitted　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,permit与其逻辑主语the first Western TV reporter之间是动宾关系,故填过去分词permitted作后置定语,相当于that was permitted。
67.introducing　考查非谓语动词。include后跟动词时要用其-ing形式作宾语,所以此空填introducing。
【知识拓展】　下列动词后跟动词时,也应用动词-ing形式作宾语:dislike, imagine, delay, practise, finish, avoid等。
68.its　考查代词。由语境及后面的名词mother可知,此空应该填形容词性物主代词its。
69.days　考查名词的数。few修饰可数名词复数,故此空应填days。 every few days意为"每隔几天"。
70.the　考查冠词。one...the other...为固定搭配,意为"一个……另一个……"。
Cloze 4
　　本文为说明文,主要介绍了筷子的材质和中国人使用筷子的悠久历史及文化内涵。
61.and　考查并列连词。分析句子结构及语境可知,Vietnam与空前的"China, Japan, Korea"之间是并列关系,故填并列连词and。
62.be made　考查动词语态。此处指真正精美的筷子可能是由金和银做成的。make与句子主语"Truly elegant chopsticks"之间是动宾关系,且空前有might,故此处应填be made。
63.to create　考查非谓语动词。熟练的工人也会把各种各样的硬木和金属组合起来以创造独特的设计。根据语境可知,此处应用不定式作目的状语。
64.using　考查非谓语动词。本句已有谓语,故空处应用非谓语;use与其逻辑主语People之间是主谓关系,故此处用现在分词作状语。
65.as/when　考查状语从句。此处表示"随着人口的增长/当人口增长时,人们开始把食物切成小块儿"。根据语境并分析句子结构可知,空处引导状语从句,表示"随着"或"当……时",故填as或when。
66.gradually　考查副词。此处用副词修饰动词短语turned into,故填gradually。
67.who　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为Confucius,指人,且关系词在从句中作主语,故填关系代词who。
68.development　考查名词。根据空前的定冠词the及空后的of可知,此处应填名词development。
69.were　考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据句中的believed可知,此处描述的是过去的情况,应用一般过去时;从句主语为knives,谓语动词应用复数形式。故填were。
70.with　考查介词。此处指在印度,大部分人历来用手吃饭,故填with。
题组2　社会与历史
Cloze 5
　　文章主要介绍了人类农业技术的发展。
56.in　考查介词。live in是固定词组,表示"在……地方生活",故填in。
57.what　考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导宾语从句,作on的宾语,由于该宾语从句中缺少主语,同时空处表示"……的事物",故填what。
58.than　考查介词。根据上文的more food可知,此处是more...than...结构,表示"比……多……"。
59.was needed　考查动词时态和语态。结合句意"随着更多的孩子出生,需要的粮食就更多"可知,more food与need构成动宾关系,且文章的基本时态为一般过去时,故填was needed。
60.to change　考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知,"农业给了人们首次用技术的力量去改变生活的体验",故用不定式作后置定语。
61.had discovered　考查动词的时态。根据时间状语By about 6000 BC可知,句子谓语用过去完成时,故填had discovered。
62.seasons　考查名词的数。根据常识和语境可知,人们开始按照季节更替来种植庄稼,season为可数名词,故填seasons。
63.making　考查非谓语动词。结合and和上文的planting可知,此处应该填making,与planting并列作状语。
64.the　考查冠词。根据空后的rise of science可知,此处是对名词的限定性修饰,语意表示"科学的兴起",故填定冠词the,表示特指。
65.meant　考查动词时态。空处在句中作谓语,文章的基本时态为一般过去时,故填meant。
Cloze 6
　　近年来电脑教育越来越低龄化,《数码世界》旨在展现数码系统对社会的影响,帮助读者了解数码系统的本质和它们之间相互影响的部分。
56.to begin　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处考查"it is +形容词+for sb.+ to do sth.",所以空处应该填to begin。
57.educational　考查形容词。分析句子结构可知,此处修饰空后的名词短语computer programs,需要用形容词,所以空处应该填educational。
58.requirement　考查名词。根据空前的a和空后的for可知,空处需要一个名词,所以填requirement。
59.professions　考查名词复数。profession表示"行业,职业",是一个可数名词,根据空前的most可知,空处需要用名词复数,所以应该填professions。
60.that/which　考查关系词。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词为表示物的名词短语a set of volumes,关系词在从句中充当主语,所以关系词用that/which。
61.a　考查冠词。a wide range of为固定表达,意为"广泛的,大范围的",所以空处填a。
62.and　考查连词。分析句子结构可知,本句的谓语动词explores, explains和discusses是并列的,所以空处应该填并列连词and。
63.is　考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据语境可知,此处时态应该为一般现在时;短语the number of...作主语时,谓语动词应该用单数,所以空处填is。
64.are encouraged　考查动词时态和语态。分析句子结构可知,空处在句中作谓语。根据整篇文章的时态可知,本句需要用一般现在时;再根据句意"读者被鼓励去继续探索数字世界"可知,用被动语态;所以填are encouraged。
65.our　考查代词。分析句子结构可知,空处修饰后面的名词短语Further Resources section,需要用形容词性物主代词,所以填our。
Cloze 7
　　这是一篇说明文,主要介绍了当前世界人口老龄化的现象以及造成这一现象的两大因素。
56.was　考查动词时态和主谓一致。结合主语age可知,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式,同时根据in 1950可知,此处的时态为一般过去时,所以填was。
57.to increase　考查非谓语动词。根据is expected可知,其后需要接不定式to do结构,意为"预计将……"。
58.numbers　考查名词复数。根据下文的are可知这里需要number的复数形式,故填numbers。
59.by　考查介词。空处位于表示被动的谓语后,故应填by,表示"由,被"。
60.compared　考查非谓语动词。结合句子结构可知,此处应填非谓语动词,且compare与其逻辑主语old generations是动宾关系,故填compared。compared to是固定结构,意为"与……相比"。
61.older　考查形容词比较级。结合句意和下文的than before可知,这里意为"比以前更加年老",故填older。
62.particularly　考查副词。此处修饰true,故填副词形式。
63.a　考查冠词。根据下文的chance可知,这里语意表示"一个非常实际的可能性",故填不定冠词a,表示泛指。
64.be placed　考查动词语态。结合句意可知,此处attention与place构成动宾关系。又因空前是情态动词should,故填be placed。
65.and　考查并列连词。结合句意可知,healthier和more productive构成并列关系,故填and。
题组3　工作与职业
Cloze 8
　　本文讲述了一位90岁的英国女士因仍然坚持每周工作40个小时而获得"年度女性奖"的事迹。
61.being　考查非谓语动词。介词for后应该用动词-ing形式,故填being。
62.which　考查关系代词。先行词是the pet shop,指物,非限制性定语从句中缺宾语,故填which。
【易错点拨】　由于先行词the pet shop是地点名词,所以有些考生会错填where。如果填where的话,where在定语从句中应该作地点状语。如"He opened a pet shop, where the neighbors bought pets."。
63.finally　考查副词。修饰动词应该用副词,故填finally。
64.declared　考查动词时态。叙述过去发生的事应用一般过去时,故填declared。
65.to retire　考查非谓语动词。不定式作名词plans的后置定语,故填to retire。
66.have made　考查动词时态。根据定语从句中的时间状语"over the years"可知,从句时态应为现在完成时,故填have made。
67.but　考查连词。此处是"not...but..."结构,表示"不是……而是……"。
68.saying　考查非谓语动词。letter与say之间是主谓关系,故此处应用现在分词作后置定语,故填saying。
69.a　考查冠词。此处表示"我们以为它是一个玩笑",表示泛指,且joke的发音以辅音音素开头,故填a。
70.wonderful　考查形容词。此处应用形容词作表语,故填wonderful。
【熟词生义】　late　常见义:adj.& adv.迟,晚
本文义:adj. 已故的
Cloze 9
　　本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了16岁的Sarah在上学的同时兼职做模特,并且取得了巨大的成功,虽然她父亲希望她当全职模特,但是Sarah决心继续(接受)教育。
61.resting　考查非谓语动词。spend time doing sth. 是固定用法,故填resting。
62.a　考查冠词。model是可数名词,此处表示"作为一名模特",表泛指,故填不定冠词a。
63.has been told/was told　考查动词时态和语态。此处动词tell与Sarah是动宾关系,故应用被动语态,可以用现在完成时表示过去发生的事情对现在的影响,填has been told;此外,"被告知"这件事情发生在过去,故也可填was told。
【易错点拨】　考生在考虑动词的时态时,经常会忽略语态,比如此题容易误填told。因此,遇到考查动词的题目时,要从句意出发,考虑主语与动词之间是主谓关系还是动宾关系。
64.who　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为Sarah,指人,且从句中缺主语,故填关系代词who。
65.to prove　考查非谓语动词。 want to do sth.是固定用法,故填 to prove。
66.education　考查名词。形容词性物主代词her后应用educate的名词形式,故填education。
67.invitations　考查名词复数。空前的限定词several一般修饰可数名词复数,应用invitation的复数形式,故填invitations。
68.in　考查介词。degree与介词in搭配,表示某专业的学位。故填in。
69.comes　考查动词时态。全文以一般现在时为主,且句中时间状语at the moment表示"现在,此刻",故此处用一般现在时。又因为主语school是第三人称单数,故填comes。
【易错点拨】　如果使用一般现在时,还要注意主谓一致的问题。此题容易误填come。
70.certainly　考查副词。本句为but连接的并列句。此处应用副词修饰第一分句,作状语,故填certainly。
题组4　饮食与健康
Cloze 10
　　本文讲述了越来越多的人外出就餐的现状,说明了外出就餐过多会对经济和健康产生影响,并对此给出了建议。
56.dishes　考查名词复数。dish是可数名词,其前无限定词修饰,且此处表示复数概念,故应用其复数形式dishes。
57.who/that　考查定语从句。根据语境并分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词是Many westerners,指人,且空处在从句中作主语,故填关系代词who/that。
58.it　考查代词。此处应用it作形式主语,真正的主语是to eat out。
59.visiting　考查非谓语动词。remember doing sth.表示"记得做过某事",故填visiting。
【知识拓展】　非谓语动词中,现在分词所表示的动作通常与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生且现在分词与逻辑主语之间是主谓关系;过去分词与逻辑主语之间是动宾关系;不定式通常表示将来和目的。
60.was shocked　考查动词时态和语态。根据语境可知,此处表示"我感到很震惊",shock与主语I为动宾关系,同时根据后面的learnt可知,时态为一般过去时,所以填was shocked。
61.have become　考查非谓语动词。根据语境和时间状语in recent years可知,此处应用不定式的完成式,故填have become。
62.affordable　考查形容词。根据语境可知,一周在外就餐一两次可能负担得起,且空处在句中作表语,故填形容词affordable。
63.higher　考查形容词的比较级。根据even并结合语境可知,此处表示"更高的代价",故要用high的比较级higher。
64.weight　考查名词。根据语境可知,此处表示"体重问题",故空处要填名词weight。
65.for　考查介词。根据语境可知,此处应用介词for表示"目的"。
Cloze 11
　　本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了一种低脂肪、低盐的饮食趋势及其对人们健康的影响。
61.as　考查介词。分析句子结构可知,此处表示"作为一种对抗心脏病的方式",所以填as,意为"作为"。
62.effects　考查名词复数。此处表示"这种趋势产生了一些无心的副作用"。根据空前的"some"及空后的"such as overweight and heart disease"可知,此处指不止一种副作用,故用名词复数形式effects。
63.to process　考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知,此处应用不定式作目的状语。
64.are removed　考查动词时态和语态。本文的主体时态为一般现在时,此处也应用一般现在时;从句的主语fat and salt与remove之间是动宾关系,应用被动语态。所以此处填are removed。
65.a　考查冠词。as a result为固定搭配,意为"结果"。
66.worse　考查副词比较级。副词作状语,修饰后面整句话,短语even worse 意为"更糟糕的是",表示意义的递进。故填worse。
67.is　考查动词时态和主谓一致。此处是对客观情况的描述,应用一般现在时;主语Fast food为单数,故填is。
68.eating　考查非谓语动词。介词by后跟名词、代词或动词-ing作宾语,故填eating。
69.careful　考查形容词。此处应用形容词作表语,结合语境可知,应填careful。
70.which　考查关系代词。分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词指代前句的内容,且关系词在从句中作主语,故填关系代词which。