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上海市宝山区2021届高三一模英语试题（含听力）+Word版含解析
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这是一份上海市宝山区2021届高三一模英语试题（含听力）+Word版含解析，共28页。试卷主要包含了 A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
宝山区2020 学年第一学期期末
高三年级英语学科教学质量监测试卷
(本试卷满分 140 分，考试时间 120 分钟)
I. Listening Comprehension Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. Bargaining with a salesgirl. B. Shopping with his girl.
C. Promoting a new product. D. Choosing a novel for his child.
2. A. Its facilities. B. Its location. C. Its comfort. D. Its price.
3. A. Fashionable pants in bright colors. B. Something to match her brown pants.
C. Grey pants made from pure cotton. D. 100% cotton pants in dark blue.
4. A. Listening to some loud music. B. Practicing for a speech contest.
C. Preparing for an oral examination. D. Talking loudly on the telephone.
5. A. The man needn’t go hopping every week.
B. She can pick the man up at the grocery store.
C. She will drive the man to the supermarket.
D. The man should buy a car of his own.
6. A. The teacher is just following the regulations.
B. The woman should have gone on the field trip.
C. He has gone through a similar experience.
D. He understands the woman’s feelings.
7. A. Have someone repair the refrigerator. B. Switch off the refrigerator for a while.
C. Ask the man to fix the refrigerator. D. Buy a refrigerator of better quality.
8. A. She stayed away from work for a few days.
B. She is black and blue all over.
C. She got hurt in an accident yesterday.
D. She has to go to see a doctor.
9. A. Her brother can help the man find a cheaper hotel.
B. The man can stay in her brother’s apartment.
C. The man should have booked a less expensive hotel.
D. Her brother can find an apartment for the man.
10. A. She is currently caught in a traffic jam. B. She wants to take the most direct way.
C. She may be late for the football game. D. She is worried about missing her flight.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. The mukbanger was a little funny. B. It was a true crime story.
C. The girl in the story couldn’t age. D. The author was curious about it.
12. A. Eating with lots of people is common. B. There is something social and comforting.
C. It’s a way to have someone to chat with. D. Connecting with others when they’re out.
13. A. The way people eat food isn’t healthy generally.
B. The audience’s stomachs can’t agree with the food.
C. Mukbang can’t help settle serious eating problems.
D. People could be encouraged to eat alone at home.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. You helped others cut hair. B. You had your hair cut.
C. Someone else did the cutting. D. You cut your hair yourself.
15. A. Put off the light. B. Close the light.
C. Turn off the light. D. Go off the light.
16. A. Learning English can be tricky. B. Phrases are confusing for English learners.
C. The meaning of “have my hair cut”. D. The meaning of “turn off the lights”.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17. A. What the man plans to give Judy. B. How hard to buy birthday gifts.
C When to choose the birthday gifts. D. Where to buy birthday gifts.
18. A. Say “I care for you” to Judy. B. Just give her $100.
C. Give her a gift card. D. Try to buy a real gift Judy likes.
19. A. $100. B.A real gift. C. A gift card. D. Perfume.
20. A. The woman is a shop assistant. B. Judy is the man’s girlfriend.
C. The man will give Judy $100. D. The two speakers agree with each other.
II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
SOS message on the sand saves missing sailors
Micronesia is an area of the western Pacific Ocean with more than 600 islands, ____1____ covers a huge area of ocean north of the large island of New Guinea.
Recently, three Micronesian sailors set out to sail 42 km from one Micronesian island to another. Unfortunately, they got ____2____ (lose), and then they ran out of fuel. After a long time drifting without power in the ocean, they landed on the tiny island of Pikelot, more than 100 km from their destination.
Pikelot is just 450 meters long and 280 meters wide. The highest point on Pikelot is only four meters above the sea. No people live there, and there is no water. The little island ____3____ (cover) in trees and has sandy beaches.
Three days after the three sailors set out on their voyage, they did not arrive at their destination, so ships and aircraft in the area began looking for the ____4____ (miss) men. But it was almost impossible to decide where ____5____ (look) because there are so many small islands and the ocean is so large. One of the ships was the Australian navy ship HMAS Canberra, which ____6____ (sail) from Australia to Hawaii and had a helicopter on board.
During this time, the three sailors decided to write ____7____ message on the beach on their tiny island. They wrote a huge SOS in the sand. SOS is an international signal that people use ____8____ they need help. Luckily, people on an American aircraft saw the SOS message in the sand and contacted the Canberra. A helicopter ____9____ the ship landed on the beach and gave the men food and water. Soon after, a Micronesian boat arrived and rescued the three sailors. They are very lucky to be alive, and it was the SOS message in the sand _____10_____ saved them.
【答案】1. which
2. lost 3. is covered
4. missing 5. to look
6. was sailing
7. a 8. when
9. from 10. that
【解析】
这是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了沙滩上的求救信息拯救了失踪船员。
【1题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：密克罗尼西亚是西太平洋的一个地区，拥有600多个岛屿，覆盖了新几内亚岛以北的大片海域。分析句子结构，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词area指物，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词which引导，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。
【2题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：不幸的是，他们迷路了，然后燃料耗尽了。get为系动词，后面需加过去分词lost作表语，表示失去的状态，get lost迷路。故填lost。
【3题详解】
考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：小岛被树木覆盖，有沙滩。此处陈述客观事实，需用一般现在时，主语The little island和cover为被动关系，需用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为单数名词，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填is covered。
【4题详解】
考查形容词。句意：三名船员起航三天后，他们还没有到达目的地，因此该地区的船只和飞机开始寻找失踪人员。空处需填形容词作定语，修饰名词men，missing意为“失踪的”。故填missing。
【5题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：但是要决定去哪里找几乎是不可能的，因为那里有那么多小岛，海洋又那么大。“疑问词+to do”为固定用法，空处需填动词不定式。故填to look。
【6题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：其中一艘是澳大利亚海军“堪培拉号”(HMAS Canberra)，这艘船当时正从澳大利亚驶往夏威夷，船上有一架直升机。此处表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，需用过去进行时。分析句子结构，which 6 (sail) from Australia to Hawaii and had a helicopter on board.是一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the Australian navy ship HMAS Canberra，关系词替代先行词，在从句中作主语，谓语动词使用单数。故填was sailing。
【7题详解】
考查冠词。句意：在这段时间里，这三个水手决定在他们小岛上的海滩上写一条消息。message意为“信息”，是可数名词，此处表示泛指，且message发音以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。
【8题详解】
考查状语从句。句意：SOS是人们在需要帮助时使用的一种国际信号。结合语境“当他们需要帮助的时候”可知，此处需用when引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”。故填when。
【9题详解】
考查介词。句意：船上的一架直升机降落在海滩上，给他们提供了食物和水。结合语境“来自船上的一架直升机”，可知，空处需填介词“来自”，from意为“来自”。故填from。
【10题详解】
考查强调句。句意：他们很幸运能活下来，正是沙滩上的求救信息救了他们。“It was+被强调部分+that+句子其他成分”为强调句的基本句型，如果被强调的部分是人，可以用who代替that，此处对句子的主语“the SOS message in the sand”进行强调，空处需填that。故填that。
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. qualities
B. benefits
C. network
D. completely
E. disappointed
F. improving
G. motivate
H. required
I. effectively
J. essential
K. surveyed
Don't abandon the written Word
Way back in 2012, Kyle Wiens. CEO of IFIX wrote in a blog post for Harvard Business Review that he wouldn't hire anyone who used poor grammar. In fact, he ____11____ all applicants to take a grammar test before moving forward.
According to Wiens, he’s found that people who make fewer mistakes on a grammar test also make fewer mistakes when they are doing something ____12____ unrelated to writing ― like stocking shelves or labeling parts. What's more, he believes that grammar skills indicate several other valuable ____13____, including learning ability, professional credibility (信用) and attention to detail. Another CEO named Brad Hoover noted that good grammar is a predictor of professional success.
Honestly ask yourself whether you'd hire someone with a poorly written resume. Will this person be able to deliver on your business plan? How ____14____ will they be able to communicate your goals and expectations? How likely is it that they will be able to successfully ____15____ with others and build your brand? In short, if you want to succeed ― as a boss or an employee ― good grammar is ____16____.
“Great leaders can understand how to use it well in context,” wrote Kevin Daum in an Inc.com article. As a leader, you must be able to manage, organize, ____17____ and support your team. Strong communication skill both written and verbal, allow you to accomplish that. If you sent an employee poorly written instructions, how probable is it that you'll both be ____18____ in the outcome and each other?
Writing, specifically by hand has numerous ____19____ for your health and well-being. Researchers have also found that handwriting, in particular the forming of letters, is the key to not only _____20_____ your memory but also forming new ideas and learning. In fact, if you want to slow down mental aging, writing by hand is your best bet because it forces you to use more of your motor skills.
【答案】11. H 12. D
13. A 14. I
15. C 16. J
17. G 18. E
19. B 20. F
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了手写文章的好处，以此作者鼓励我们多用手写文章。
【11题详解】
考查动词和时态。句意：事实上，他要求所有的申请者在前进之前都要参加语法测试。分析句子结构可知，空处需用动词作谓语，根据上文的Way back in 2012可知，应用一般过去时，根据空后all applicants to和选项可知，动词required“要求”，符合题意，required sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事，固定搭配。故选H。
【12题详解】
考查副词。句意：根据Wiens的说法，他发现那些在语法测试中犯较少错误的人，在做一些与写作完全无关的事情时，比如摆放货架或给零件贴标签，犯的错误也会更少。空处需用副词作状语修饰形容词unrelated，根据空后 like stocking shelves or labeling parts.和句意可知，副词completely“完全地”，符合题意，指完全无关的事情。故填D。
【13题详解】
考查名词。句意：此外，他认为语法技能还反映出其他一些有价值的品质，包括学习能力、职业可信度和对细节的关注。分析句子可知，此处应用复数名词作indicate的宾语，根据空后“including learning ability, professional credibility (信用) and attention to detail.”可知，这是一些品质，结合选项可知，名词qualities“品质”，符合题意。故选A。
【14题详解】
考查副词。句意：他们能否有效地传达你的目标和期望?分析句子结构可知，空处需用副词作状语修饰动词communicate，结合选项可知，副词 effectively“有效地”，符合题意。故选I。
【15题详解】
考查动词。句意：他们能够成功地与他人建立网络并建立你的品牌的可能性有多大? be able to do sth.能够做某事，固定搭配，所以空处需用动词原形，根据句意和选项可知，动词network“建立工作关系”，符合题意。故选C。
【16题详解】
考查形容词。句意：简而言之，如果你想成功——无论是当老板还是雇员——良好的语法是必不可少的。分析句子结构可知，空处需用形容词作表语，结合选项可知，形容词essential“至关重要的”，符合题意。故选J。
【17题详解】
考查动词。句意：作为一个领导者，你必须有能力管理、组织、激励和支持你团队。根据空前manage, organize和空后and support 可知，空处需用动词与之并列，结合选项可知，动词motivate“激励”，符合题意； be able to后需接动词原形。故选G。
【18题详解】
考查形容词。句意：如果你给员工的指令写得很差，你们对结果和对对方失望的可能性有多大?分析句子结构可知，空处需用形容词作表语，根据前半句“If you sent an employee poorly written instructions”和选项可知，形容词disappointed“失望的”，符合题意。故选E。
【19题详解】
考查名词。句意：写作，特别是手写对你的健康和幸福有很多好处。形容词numerous“很多的”后需接复数名词名词，结合选项可知，名词benefits“好处”，符合题意。故选B。
【20题详解】
考查动名词。句意：研究人员还发现，书写，尤其是字母的形成，不仅是提高记忆力的关键，也是形成新想法和学习能力的关键。The key to doing sth.做某事的关键，此处to是介词，结合下文的“but also forming”可知，其后需接动名词作宾语，根据选项可知，动名词improving“改善，提高”，符合题意。故选F。
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
A study from Switzerland’s Université de Genève(UNIGE) looked to answer the question of which came first: a decrease in physical activity or cognitive (认知的) decline?
“Interrelationships have been ____21____ between these two factors, particularly in terms of memory but also regarding the growth and survival of new neurons (神经元).” said Boris Cheval, a researcher at UNIGE’S Swiss Centre for Affective Sciences (CISA) in a press release. “But we have never yet ____22____ tested which comes first: Does physical activity prevent a decline in cognitive skills or ____23____ ? That’s what we wanted to ____24____ .”
Earlier studies have considered that physical activity ____25____ cognitive decline. But according to Cheval, recent studies may ____26____ that past research has “only told half the story… since those recent studies demonstrate that our brain is ____27____ when it comes to engaging in physical activity.”
Researchers at UNIGE tested the two possible ____28____ by using data from the Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe, a socioeconomic database covering more than 25 countries across the continent.
Over the course of 12 years, 105, 206 adults ___29___ in age from 50 to go were tested every two years on their cognitive abilities and their physical activity.
Researchers ____30____ cognitive abilities with a verbal fluency test that saw participants name as many animals as they could in 60 seconds. They also tested cognitive abilities with a ____31____ test where they memorized 10 words before reciting them. Physical activity was measured using a scale from 1 to 4. A 1 indicated participants “never” ____32____ physical activity while a 4 meant they were physically ____33____ “more than once a week”.
The study found that the ____34____ of what past studies concluded was true ― cognitive abilities mostly influence physical activity, not the other way around.
“This study backs up our theory that the brain has to make a real effort to get out of a sitting lifestyle and that by ___35___ cognitive capabilities, physical activity will follow,” Cheval said.
21. A. neglected B. prevented C. confused D. established
22. A. formally B. separately C. individually D. casually
23. A. at times B. vice versa C. by chance D. in part
24. A. release B. admit C. confirm D. oppose
25. A. prevents B. encourages C. influences D. reduces
26. A. mislead B. contradict C. ignore D. indicate
27. A. abandoned B. involved C. entertained D. processed
28. A. factors B. elements C. options D. subjects
29. A. ranging B. judging C. expanding D. varying
30. A. balanced B. restricted C. surveyed D. measured
31. A. observation B. reflection C. memory D. imitation
32. A. concerned about B. engaged in C. stood for D. gave up
33. A. motionless B. casual C. active D. passive
34. A. consequence B. similarity C. difference D. opposite
35. A. working on B. reflecting over C. crossing out D. putting off
【答案】21. D 22. A 23. B 24. C 25. A 26. D 27. B 28. C 29. A 30. D 31. C 32. B 33. C 34. D 35. A
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了早期的研究认为，体育活动可以防止认知能力下降，而最近的研究发现，认知能力也会影响人们进行体育活动的情况。文章介绍了研究开展的过程以及这项研究的意义。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这两个因素之间已经建立了相互关系，特别是在记忆方面，但也是关于新神经元的生长和存活。A. neglected忽视；B. prevented阻止；C. confused困惑；D. established建立。根据前后文语境“Interrelationships have been … between these two factors”可知此处指建立这两个因素之间的相互关系，应用establish。故选D。
【22题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：但我们从未正式测试过先有哪种情况：体育活动能防止认知能力的下降，还是反之？A. formally正式地；B. separately分别地；C. individually个别地；D. casually随便地。结合后文“tested which comes first”以及“That’s what we wanted to”可知，研究人员还从未正式测试过先有哪种情况，所以这是他们想要确认的。故选A。
【23题详解】
考查固定短语辨析。句意：但我们从未正式测试过先有哪种情况：体育活动能防止认知能力的下降，还是反之？A. at times偶尔；B. vice versa反之亦然；C. by chance偶然；D. in part部分地。根据倒数第二段中“cognitive abilities mostly influence physical activity, not the other way around.”可知此处是问题是：体力活动能防止认知能力的下降，还是是与之相反的。故选B。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这就是我们想要确认的。A. release释放；B. admit承认；C. confirm确认；D. oppose反对。结合上文中“But we have never yet … tested which comes first”可知，因为从未测试过，所以如今测试就是为了确认哪种情况先发生。故选C。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：早期的研究认为，体育活动可以防止认知能力下降。A. prevents阻止；B. encourages鼓励；C. influences影响；D. reduces减少。根据倒数第二段中“The study found that the … of what past studies concluded was true ― cognitive abilities mostly influence physical activity”可推知，早期研究认为体育活动可以防止认知能力下降，而最新的研究表明情况正好相反。故选A。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但根据Cheval的说法，最近的研究可能表明过去的研究“只说明了一半……因为那些最近的研究表明，当涉及到体育活动时，我们的大脑也参与了。”A. mislead误导；B. contradict反驳；C. ignore忽视；D. indicate表明。结合后文“since those recent studies demonstrate”以及“past research has “only told half the story…since those recent studies demonstrate that our brain is … when it comes to engaging in physical activity.”可知最近的研究表明过去的研究并不全面，故选D。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但根据Cheval的说法，最近的研究可能表明过去的研究“只说明了一半……因为那些最近的研究表明，当涉及到体育活动时，我们的大脑也参与了。”A. abandoned抛弃；B. involved参与；C. entertained娱乐；D. processed加工。根据到数第二段中“cognitive abilities mostly influence physical activity”可知大脑也参与了体育活动。故选B。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：UNIGE的研究人员利用欧洲健康、老龄化和退休调查的数据测试了这两种可能的选择，该调查是一个覆盖整个欧洲大陆25个以上国家的社会经济数据库。A. factors因素；B. elements基础；C. options选择；D. subjects科目。结合上文“the two possible”可知此处指上文提到的，是体育活动先减少还是认知能力先降低这两种选择进行测试，故选C。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在12年的时间里，每两年对105206名年龄在50岁到50岁以上的成年人进行认知能力和体育活动测试。A. ranging（在一定的范围内）变动；B. judging判断；C. expanding扩大；D. varying变化。根据后文“in age from 50 to go”可知指“在一定的范围内变动”应用range。故选A。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究人员通过一项语言流畅测试测试了参与者的认知能力，让他们在60秒内说出尽可能多的动物的名字。A. balanced平衡；B. restricted限制；C. surveyed调查；D. measured测试，测量。根据后文“cognitive abilities with a verbal fluency test”可知此处指研究人员通过一项语言流畅测试测试了参与者的认知能力。后文“Physical activity was measured”也是提示。故选D。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们还通过记忆测试测试了他们认知能力，在背诵之前他们记住了10个单词。A. observation观察；B. reflection反射；C. memory记忆；D. imitation模仿。根据后文“where they memorized 10 words before reciting them”可知是进行记忆测试。故选C。
【32题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：1表示参与者“从未”参加体育活动，4表示他们的体育活动“一周超过一次”。A. concerned about关心；B. engaged in参与，从事于；C. stood for代表；D. gave up放弃。结合后文“physical activity”可知指参与体育活动，故选B。
【33题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：1表示参与者“从未”参加过体育活动，4表示他们的体育活动“一周超过一次”。A. motionless静止的；B. casual随便的；C. active积极的；D. passive消极的。根据后文“more than once a week”可知数字4代表着参与者一周积极参与体育活动超过一次。故选C。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这项研究发现，与过去的研究结论相反，认知能力主要影响体育活动，而不是相反。A. consequence结果；B. similarity相似性；C. difference差异；D. opposite对立面。第三段中“Earlier studies have considered that physical activity … cognitive decline.”说明了早期的研究认为，体育活动可以防止认知能力下降，而如今的研究发现与过去的研究相反——认知能力主要影响体育活动。故选D。
【35题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：Cheval说：“这项研究支持了我们的理论，即大脑必须通过努力才能摆脱久坐的生活方式，通过提高认知能力，体育活动也会随之增多。”A. working on作用于，致力于；B. reflecting over反思；C. crossing out删去；D. putting off推迟。根据后文“cognitive capabilities, physical activity will follow”可知提高认知能力，体育活动也会随之增多。故选A。
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
“Runners, to your mark, Get set…” Bang! And I was off, along with a bunch of other teenage cross-country runners from high schools across the county. The day was like any other fair-weather autumn day in Maryland. But the race that day felt unique from the get-go. For one thing, I liked the course. It was my team’s home course, one I was used to running during practices. It took runners along an area of land that included open fields, hills and even winding dirt paths through a small forest. It was a beautiful 5-kilometer course. This particular race was our team’s invite, and I was proud to be sharing the course with competitors from other schools. It also meant a lot―more than normal that my parents were there to cheer me on.
With so much to expect that day, I was ready to run! And I didn’t want to be stuck with the pack of other runners, as is typical at the beginning of most cross-country races. So when the gun sounded, I took off running, leaving everyone else in the dust.
The first part of our course followed the outside edge of a large open field before disappearing into the forest. Within seconds of the start, I was far ahead of everyone, and all of the fans could see it. It felt magnificent.
But that feeling didn’t last long. Little did I know my coach was laughing to himself, thinking, “Gabe is done for!” And I was. My body was telling me to slow down. My pride, however, said “No! Not until you’re out of sight of the spectators!” I was in agony, but I kept up my pace until I reached the forest. Once in among the trees. I slowed way down.
I enjoyed most races, even while pushing myself, but this one was not enjoyable in the least. I finished the race, but in nowhere near the time I could have if I’d paced myself well from the beginning. Every time I reflect on that cross-country season, I’m reminded of something: Pride is no substitute for pace.
36. What is special to the author about the race?
A. The weather condition was good for runners.
B. He was familiar with the home course.
C. He took pride in competitors from other schools.
D. His parents came to support him as usual.
37. The underlined word “agony” (paragraph 4) most probably means .
A. suffering B. comfort C. relief D. contest
38. What result of the race can be concluded about the author from the passage?
A. He left everyone behind and took the first place.
B. He took the lead first and disappeared among trees.
C. He won the race under the pressure of his coach.
D. He finished the race but failed to reach his record.
39. What’s the author’s reflection on the race?
A. It is parents’ encouragement that leads to the result.
B. It’s a pleasure to live up to your fans’ expectations.
C. It’s important to pace yourself with no pride.
D. It is his coach who encourages him to finish the race.
【答案】36. B 37. A 38. D 39. C
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。作者在参加一次跑步比赛时，由于想把对手们甩在后面，因此打乱了自己的比赛节奏，最终的比赛结果不尽人意。通过反思这次经历，作者悟出了一个道理：骄傲不能代替节奏。
【36题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“But the race that day felt unique from the get-go. For one thing, I liked the course. It was my team’s home course, one I was used to running during practices.”（但那天的比赛从一开始就感觉与众不同。一方面，我喜欢这门课。这是我的球队的主场，我习惯于在训练中跑步。）可知，作者对家乡球场很熟悉。故选B。
【37题详解】
词句猜测题。根据上文“My body was telling me to slow down. My pride, however, said “No! Not until you’re out of sight of the spectators!””（我的身体告诉我要慢下来。然而，我的自尊心却说:“不！直到你离开观众的视线！）可知，作者想要放慢速度，但是自尊心告诉自己不能慢下来，由此可推知，划线词所在句子意为“我很痛苦，但我还是保持着前进的步伐，一直走到了森林里。”agony意为“痛苦”。故选A。
【38题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“I finished the race, but in nowhere near the time I could have if I’d paced myself well from the beginning.”（我跑完了全程，但如果我从一开始就能很好地控制好自己的速度的话，我所能达到的时间还远远不够。）可推知，他完成了比赛，但没有达到自己的记录。故选D。
【39题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Every time I reflect on that cross-country season, I’m reminded of something: Pride is no substitute for pace.”（每次我回想那个越野赛季，我都会想起一些事情:骄傲不能代替速度。）可知，作者对比赛的反思是不骄傲地调整自己的步伐是很重要的。故选C。
(B)
Ever look at your to-do list and want to run and hide? Me too. But life is more than working hard to finish tasks, collapsing into bed, judging the past 24 hours and our success by how much we've managed to tick off.
So here’s how to get stuff done and enjoy yourself at the same time.
1.Rename it
My friend Jim Kwik says, “Call your ‘got-to-do’ list your ‘get- to-do’ list.” It’s a tiny change but a major shift.
Think about it. You get to walk your dog, choose wonderful dinner ingredients and go to a job each day that affords you the life you have.
2.Add some action
Instead of writing plain reminders down as memory urges, like “Dentist” and “Report,” add some verbs and result-based benefits, like “Book dentist and get teeth sparkly white!” or “Complete report and let out your breath.” Imagine the good feeling attached to each agenda item and let it fuel you.
3. Trust there’s time
Have you ever noticed when you’re in a rush, you make mistakes? Like when you’re late for work: You can’t find your jeans, you hurt your toe on the bed by accident and you misplace your phone as you head down the elevator.
When we operate from a place of calm, stuff happens faster. We find what we need. We don’t burn the toast.
It can be as simple as sitting up in bed, taking ten deep breaths when you wake up and setting a simple intention for the day (not reaching straight for Instagram and email).
4.Ask yourself this
How are you spending your days, your life? Are you having enough fun? Can your got-to-do list be a get-to-do list with some good moods dancing on the page and an air of “I got time!” attached to it? Yes, it probably can. Now, what’s first?
40. Which of the following does the author agree with about “your to-do list”?
A. Choose wonderful dinner ingredients and go to a job each day.
B. Change “Dentist” into “Book dentist and get teeth sparkly white!”
C. Remind yourself you have plenty of time to deal with daily routines.
D Keep asking yourself questions with the air of “I got time!”
41. It can be concluded that the key to getting stuff done and enjoying yourself at the same time is ___.
A. A. a state of mind B. a get-to-do list. C. a memory urge D. a place of calm
42. What’s the writing purpose of this passage?
A. To find out what to do first every day. B. To imagine the good feeling of tasks.
C. To explain the importance of lifestyle. D. To discover how to enjoy daily life.
【答案】40. B 41. A 42. D
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四种在完成工作的同时享受生活的方法。
【40题详解】
细节理解题。根据2.Add some action部分中“Instead of writing plain reminders down as memory urges, like “Dentist” and “Report,” add some verbs and result-based benefits, like “Book dentist and get teeth sparkly white!” or “Complete report and let out your breath.”(不要随着记忆的冲动写简单的提醒，比如‘牙医’和‘报告’，添加一些动词和基于结果的好处，比如‘预约牙医，让牙齿闪闪发光!’或‘完成报告，然后长舒一口气’)”可知，关于“你的待办事项清单”，作者可能会认同B选项“把‘牙医’改成‘预约牙医，让牙齿闪闪发光!’”的做法。故选B。
【41题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“How are you spending your days, your life? Are you having enough fun? Can your got-to-do list be a get-to-do list with some good moods dancing on the page and an air of “I got time!” attached to it?(你是如何度过你的日子，你的生活的？你的乐趣够吗？你的待办事项清单是带有一种跃然纸上的好心情以及一种“我还有时间”的气氛的必做事项清单吗吗？)”可推知，要在完成工作的同时享受自我，其关键是一种心态。故选A。
【42题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“So here’s how to get stuff done and enjoy yourself at the same time.(以下就是如何在完成工作的同时享受生活的方法)”结合文章主要介绍了四种在完成工作的同时享受生活的方法。可推知，这篇文章的写作目的是去发现如何享受日常生活。故选D。
(C)
Upon reflection of the ideal social moral code, within one sentence, it would be: be constructive, not destructive. Though “be constructive, not destructive” sounds sensible, there are many nuances (slight differences). Sometimes it is difficult to determine if an act is exactly constructive or destructive.
We can decide if something is constructive or destructive based on degree, for instance. Say your preschool son is acting up and broke a glass vase, even after you told him to stop grabbing and playing with it several times. You get a thought in your mind to spank him to give a punishment for his naughty action. However, you start to feel confused about whether this would be constructive or destructive. It might show him that not listening to you and breaking things is not welcome, but on the other hand, spanking him is an act of aggression that will hurt him physically and perhaps teach him to use force in situations later in life. There is no exact wrong or right in these moments. However, through your own reasoning, you can decide to what degree it would be beneficial or harmful to him and the situation at hand. Personally, I would not spank my son, as I think it does more destruction than construction. But, that is just me.
Another nuance to consider is the definition we give to construction and destruction. For example, for some people, construction can never involve violence, while for others, it could even be an essential part. Take the example of going back in time and killing Hitler. Killing someone is definitely termed a destructive act. However, in light of the circumstances, I would assume that the majority of people would agree that killing Hitler at the height of his power if they had the chance would be seen as a constructive, thus positive act. Therefore, our definitions often determine our values and how we behave upon those principles.
Additionally, construction and destruction can be filtered through a sociopolitical lens. Construction can be seen as good to some, and bad to others. Take for instance creating new homes in a forested area. Yes, homes for humans are made, but also the habitat for countless animals is being destroyed, or at least altered to an extreme. Construction, if it is true, it should be beneficial to all parties included. That is a tall order, though. Every step we take kills bacteria and other microorganisms—and perhaps plants, insects, and who knows what else. Destruction can be seen as a part of each moment. Plus, what a majority might regard as a constructive might be seen as destructive to a minority. Is there a way to determine which side is correct? It is almost impossible. Being in the majority in terms of a moral outlook does not mean it is correct, or more appropriate. There have been many instances in history when acts were regarded as constructive, but were later seen as destructive with a modern lens.
Though I consider “Be constructive, not destructive” the most solid one-sentence social moral code, it is not without its nuances and problems. For instance, the degree to which we consider something constructive or destructive, definitions of being constructive and destructive, and construction and destruction seen through a sociopolitical lens are all nuances. These differences consist of the confusion that this ideal social moral code causes. However, I cannot imagine a better code than the one stated in this essay in terms of living one’s life in a social context.
43. From the author’s view whether to punish a kid’s wrong doing or not depends on what extent .
A. A. it would bring him benefits or harms
B. he would modify his destructive behavior
C. his act is constructive or destructive
D. his destructive result might bring about
44. The author mentions the example of killing Hitler to show that .
A. A. killing someone is definitely termed a destructive act
B. the majority of people would agree to kill Hitler
C. killing Hitler is seen as a constructive and positive act
D. definitions of social code decide our values and principles
45. What does the underlined sentence (paragraph 4) imply?
A. Construction and destruction can advance social developments.
B. Construction can be seen as good to some, and bad to others.
C. What a majority might regard as a constructive might be seen as destructive.
D. Being in the majority in terms of a moral outlook does not mean it is correct.
46. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?
A. A. Wrong or Right of Social Moral Code
B. Judgment of Construction or Destruction
C. Ideal Social Moral Code
D. How to Live One’s Life in a Social Context
【答案】43. A 44. D 45. D 46. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章对行为建设性和破坏性的判断进行了详细讨论。
【详解】1.细节理解题。根据第二段倒第二句“However, through your own reasoning, you can decide to what degree it would be beneficial or harmful to him and the situation at hand. ”（然而，通过你自己的推理，你可以决定在何种程度上，这将有利于或有害于他和当前的情况。）可知，作者认为是否惩罚一个孩子的错误行为取决于这会带给他的好处或坏处的程度。故选A。
2.推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“ Therefore, our definitions often determine our values and how we behave upon those principles.”（因此，我们的定义往往决定了我们的价值观以及我们在这些原则基础上如何行动。）可推知，作者提到刺杀希特勒的例子来说明社会规范的定义决定了我们的价值观和原则。故选D。
3.词句猜测题。根据第四段倒第二句“Being in the majority in terms of a moral outlook does not mean it is correct, or more appropriate. ”（在道德观念上占多数并不意味着它是正确的或者更合适的。）可知，划线句暗示在道德观念上占多数并不意味着它是正确的。故选D。
4.主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句“Sometimes it is difficult to determine if an act is exactly constructive or destructive.”（有时很难确定一个行为究竟是建设性的还是破坏性的。）可知，文章主要是讲对行为建设性和破坏性的判断。“建设性和破坏性的判断”最适合作文章标题。故选B。
Section C
Directions: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
A Useful Tool for Music Lovers
With the development and expansion of the Internet, many hobbies and interests of modern people have gained a new dimension. The Internet allows enthusiasts to unite to share their excitement about trends, to communicate and share experiences. Specialized websites provide users with even more information about their subjects of interest and help discover new boundaries of their passions. This refers to movies, arts, modeling, programming, literature, and music as well. One can hardly find a person who would not be listening to music on the way to work, at home, or elsewhere. _________47_________.
One such website is Last.fm: a mix of a social network and an Internet-radio that tracks down the music its users listen to. _________48_________. Besides, it has a number of advantages compared to other sources providing similar services. The design of Last.fm gives a welcoming impression, though some might find it too simple. The site is displayed in red tones, with the possibility of switching it to a black skin and, despite the quantity of information, is easy to understand and navigate. Users can also decorate their profiles with pictures of themselves, all kinds of badges, diagrams, tag clouds, and statistics relating to music.
The availability of multiple functions also speaks in favor of Last.fm. One of its significant advantages over many other musical websites is the function of scrobbling (歌曲记录), which means tracking down the music one had been listening to. _________49_________. With its aid, Last.fm searches for people with similar musical preferences and shows one a list of those whose interests match to some extent. These people are called neighbors and the idea is that they can get familiar with the fans of their favorite kind of music and, most likely, make new friends. The information about upcoming events nearby, as well as recommendations given about new music that a user might like are also gathered and introduced by the means of scrobbling. If a person listens to one or two bands on a consistent basis, the website will display a few new artists that play in a similar genre, including new ones, so that a user can be in touch with the latest trends within their musical interests.
_________50_________. However, there is a serious drawback connected to it. The fact is that the majority of free tracks and albums are available only to citizens of the USA, Germany, and Great Britain, while in other countries, users can only listen to short introductory samples. And yet those lucky ones from the places mentioned before can listen to one track online up to five times a day. Besides, the website had recently changed its policy towards monetization and reduced the number of free services. Last.fm also works as a kind of musical Wikipedia, providing users with biographies of bands, or actual musicians. There is hardly a need to mention that musicians can also benefit from using the resource, presenting information about themselves and involving fans.
A. Last.fm allows users to listen to music for free, as well as buy tracks.
B. The website Last.fm is a convenient and useful resource for music lovers.
C. There are plenty of websites that allow music lovers to stay in touch with the news relating to their hobby.
D. If you want to use Last.fm for communication, you might find that traditional social networks are more suitable for this purpose
E. This website is of great benefit for music enthusiasts.
F. This technology is convenient and definitely helpful for music lovers.
【答案】47. C 48. E 49. F 50. A
【解析】
【分析】
本文是说明文。文章给音乐发烧友们介绍了有用的工具——Last.fm，它是社交网络和网络收音机的混合体，它可以追踪用户所听的音乐，也可以免费听音乐，以及购买曲目。
【47题详解】
根据上文“Specialized websites provide users with even more information about their subjects of interest and help discover new boundaries of their passions. ”（专门的网站为用户提供更多关于他们感兴趣的主题的信息，帮助他们发现他们的热情的新界限。）可知，该句以下内容和提供音乐的网站有关。再结合下一段中的“One such website is Last.fm: a mix of a social network and an Internet-radio that tracks down the music its users listen to.”（这样的网站之一是Last.fm:社交网络和网络收音机的混合体，它可以追踪用户所听的音乐。）可推知，设空处应提到了有很多可以让音乐爱好者了解最新音乐消息的网站。C项“有很多可以让音乐爱好者了解与他们好爱相关的最新消息的网站”符合语境，下文的one such website呼应选项中的plenty of websites。故选C。
【48题详解】
根据前一句“One such website is Last.fm: a mix of a social network and an Internet-radio that tracks down the music its users listen to.”（这样的网站之一是Last.fm:社交网络和网络收音机的混合体，它可以追踪用户所听的音乐。）以及后文“Besides, it has a number of advantages compared to other sources providing similar services..”（此外，与提供类似服务的其他来源相比，它有许多优势。）可知，空处应起承上启下的作用，说明这个音乐网站对于音乐热爱者来说有很多好处。E项“这个网站对音乐爱好者来说有很多好处”符合文意。故选E。
【49题详解】
根据前文“ One of its significant advantages over many other musical websites is the function of scrobbling (歌曲记录), which means tracking down the music one had been listening to. ”（它的一个超过许多其他音乐网站的显著优势是歌曲记录功能，这意味着追踪用户一直听的音乐。）可知，设空处应讲述追踪用户一直听的音乐的这项技术对音乐爱好者的意义。F项 “对于音乐热爱者来说，它既方便又有帮助。”符合语境，选项中的this technology指的就是上文的 the function of scrobbling（歌曲记录功能）。 故选F。
【50题详解】
根据下文“ However, there is a serious drawback connected to it. The fact is that the majority of free tracks and albums are available only to citizens of the USA, Germany, and Great Britain, while in other countries, users can only listen to short introductory samples. ”（然而，它有一个严重的缺点。事实上，大部分的免费歌曲和专辑只针对美国、德国和英国的公民开放，而其他国家的用户只能听简短的介绍样本）可知，设空处提到了这个网站免费听音乐和可以购买曲目的这一特点。A项“Last.fm允许用户免费听音乐，也可以购买单曲”符合文意，下文的 free tracks and albums呼应选项中的listen to music for free。故选A。
【点睛】
71.IV. Summary Writing
51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Beyond Identity
We often think of ourselves as our body, mind, and emotions. We take these three elements and make a combination. However, we also often talk about a person’s soul. Is there any scientific basis for the soul? Surprisingly, there is. Each unique personality a person has (even in circumstances of memory loss and other illnesses), the feeling and identity of the self beyond age (especially experienced as we grow older), and our inevitable subjective experience as an individual consist of a scientific foundation for the soul.
Despite the constant shift in the links between our brain cells, we remain essentially the same personality. This consistency is most obvious in the case of mentally ill patients or people who have experienced memory loss. According to Scientific American: Basically, no matter what happens to our brain, our unique personality seems to shine through.
Besides one’s personality the soul of a person can be identified through one’s consciousness. Though we commonly identify with our body and what we see in the mirror, we also have a sense that we are not a certain age—as our sense of self usually leans less on age and rather on our subjective feeling of who we are essentially.
Lastly, each person is inevitably subjective about his or her experience. Despite humans being very, very similar to each other in DNA and overall composition, our understanding of reality is vastly different from individual to individual. According to Psychology Today, “While science has made tremendous progress explaining the functioning of the brain, why we have a subjective experience remains mysterious. The problem of the soul lies exactly here, in understanding the nature of the self, the “I” in existence that feels and lives life.
The soul of a person is incredibly challenging to prove scientifically. However, we can say that the soul has some basis in science. These realities of our behavior, character, and the way you notice things might not be tested strictly, but they are very difficult to deny.
【答案】The personality, the feeling and identity of the self, and subjective experience comprise a scientific basis for the soul of a person. Whatever happens to the brain, the personality seems to exist. The soul can also be recognized mainly through the sense of the self and their own understanding of the nature. There is no reason to deny it scientifically.
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍人格、自我的感觉和身份，以及主观经验构成了一个人的灵魂的科学基础。不管大脑发生了什么，人格似乎是存在的。灵魂也可以主要通过自我意识和自己对自然的理解来认识。没有理由从科学上否认它。
【详解】1. 要点摘录
1）We often think of ourselves as our body, mind, and emotions.
2）Despite the constant shift in the links between our brain cells, we remain essentially the same personality.
3）Besides one’s personality, the soul of a person can be identified through one’s consciousness.
4）Lastly, each person is inevitably subjective about his or her experience.
5）The soul of a person is incredibly challenging to prove scientifically. However, we can say that the soul has some basis in science. These realities of our behavior, character, and the way you notice things might not be tested strictly, but they are very difficult to deny.
2.缜密构思
将第1、2、3、4四个要点综合进行文章主旨概括，将第2个要点单独具体概括，将第3、4两个要点进行整合，将第5要点总结概括。
3.遣词造句
The personality, the feeling and identity of the self, and subjective experience comprise a scientific basis for the soul of a person.
Whatever happens to the brain, the personality seems to exist.
The soul can also be recognized mainly through the sense of the self and their own understanding of the nature.
There is no reason to deny it scientifically.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Whatever happens to the brain, the personality seems to exist.运用一个复合句对原文第二段进行了概括。其中Whatever引导的让步状语从句。
[高分句型2]：The soul can also be recognized mainly through the sense of the self and their own understanding of the nature. 用情态动词+被动语态的简单句对第三段和第四段进行了概括。
V. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
52. 他在整理书籍时发现了一本旧日记。(run)(汉译英)
【答案】He ran across an old dairy while sorting out the books.
【解析】
【详解】考查短语，非谓语和时态。根据汉语提示可知，本句陈述过去的事情，故基础时态为一般过去时；“偶然发现”表达为run across，作句子谓语；“一本旧日记”表达为an old dairy，作run across的宾语；“整理”表达为sort out；“在整理书籍时”可用while引导的状语从句的省略，还原为：while he was sorting out the books。主从句主语相同且从句的动词为be动词，主语和be动词省略。再结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为He ran across an old dairy while sorting out the books.。
53. 过度使用手机会对我们的身体造成不良影响。(impact) (汉译英)
【答案】Overuse of mobile phones can make a negative impact on our health.
【解析】
【详解】考查名词和固定短语。根据句意“过度使用手机”可知短语为overuse of mobile phones，作主语；表示“对……造成不良影响”短语为make a negative impact on sth.，此处作谓语，can后跟动词原形；表示“健康”应用不可数名词health，作宾语。故翻译为Overuse of mobile phones can make a negative impact on our health.
54. 不可否认这种疾病的危害性已经引起了公众的广泛关注和高度重视。(There) (汉译英)
【答案】There is no denying that the harmfulness of this disease has aroused/brought widespread concern/ attention.
【解析】
【详解】考查同位语从句和动词时态。There is no denying that…为固定句型，意为“不可否认……”，此处为that引导的同位语从句；the harmfulness of this disease意为“这种疾病的危害性”，是从句的主语，arise/bring引起，是谓语动词，此处表示过去发生的事情对现在产生影响，使用现在完成时，主语为不可数名词，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式；widespread concern/attention意为“广泛关注和高度重视”，是宾语。故答案是There is no denying that the harmfulness of this disease has aroused/brought widespread concern/ attention.。
55. 你希望同学怎么对待你，你就怎么对待他们。无论相交深浅，都应尊重他们。(Whatever) (汉译英)
【答案】Treat your classmates like you’d like/want to be treated/ Treat your classmates as you want them to.
Whatever your relationship/depth of the relationship is, treat them with respect/they should be respected.
【解析】
【详解】考查连词和固定短语。Treat your classmates 对待你的同学，作主句，as/like如，后接从句，从句的主语是you，would like to do /want to do sth.此处表示被对待，所以此处需用to be treated作宾语，后一句也可以用 want them to作谓语；Whatever无论什么，引导让步状语从句，从句的主语是your relationship/depth of the relationship“相交深浅”，表示事实，谓语动词需用一般现在时态，主语是单数，be动词需用is，主句使用祈使句treat them “对待他们”, with respect尊重地，作状语，此处也可以用被动语态they should be respected“他们应该被尊重，句首单词首字母需大写。故翻译为Treat your classmates like you’d like/want to be treated/ Treat your classmates as you want them to. Whatever your relationship/depth of the relationship is, treat them with respect/they should be respected.
VI. Guided Writing
56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你校正在举行一个“Donate an Hour Every Day”的主题征文活动，请你据此用英语写一篇短文参赛，内容要传递正能量，具体需包括：
.你对此主题的理解；
.你的具体做法及理由。
【答案】 Donate an Hour Every Day
An hour is only a small proportion of a regular day, which leads to many people’s neglecting its meaning at first sight. However, “Donate an hour every day” highlights the impact of accumulation and joint efforts.
As for me, daily voluntary work may suit the hour best. I’m going to sign up for the position as a school library assistant. Being very willing to sacrifice my resting and entertainment hours after lunch, I’ll place books on shelves in order and help students look for a certain book or do check-ins and outs for them. I consider it meaningful to give them a hand.
Despite the saying “An hour saved is an hour earned”, it’s necessary for us to donate an hour to others unselfishly. When we make contributions, the sense of being needed can fulfill our internal demands, thus leveling up our emotion and giving us self-satisfaction. In a nutshell, this kind of mutual benefit deserves the hour spent.
【解析】
【分析】
本篇书面表达属于说明文，要求考生就“Donate an Hour Every Day”为主题，写一篇英语短文参赛，文章要包含考生对此主题的理解以及具体做法和理由。
【详解】第一步：审题
体裁：说明文
时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时和一般将来时。
结构：总分法
总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。
要求：
.你对此主题的理解；
.你的具体做法及理由。
第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）
a small proportion of; lead to; highlight; accumulation; joint efforts; as for; sign up for; be willing to; place sth. in order; look for; meaningful; give sb. a hand; necessary; make contributions; in a nutshell
第三步：连词成句
1. An hour is only a small proportion of a regular day, which leads to many people’s neglecting its meaning at first sight.
2. However, “Donate an hour every day” highlights the impact of accumulation and joint efforts.
3. As for me, daily voluntary work may suit the hour best.
4. I’m going to sign up for the position as a school library assistant.
5. Being very willing to sacrifice my resting and entertainment hours after lunch, I’ll place books on shelves in order and help students look for a certain book or do check-ins and outs for them.
6. I consider it meaningful to give them a hand.
7. Despite the saying “An hour saved is an hour earned”, it’s necessary for us to donate an hour to others unselfishly.
8. When we make contributions, the sense of being needed can fulfill our internal demands, thus leveling up our emotion and giving us self-satisfaction.
9. In a nutshell, this kind of mutual benefit deserves the hour spent.
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）
1.表转折对比关系：However
2.表因果关系： Thus
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。
【点睛】[高分句型1] An hour is only a small proportion of a regular day, which leads to many people’s neglecting its meaning at first sight. (运用了which引导非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] When we make contributions, the sense of being needed can fulfill our internal demands, thus leveling up our emotion and giving us self-satisfaction. (运用了when引导时间状语从句)
宝山区2020 学年第一学期期末
高三年级英语学科教学质量监测试卷
(本试卷满分 140 分，考试时间 120 分钟)
I. Listening Comprehension Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. Bargaining with a salesgirl. B. Shopping with his girl.
C. Promoting a new product. D. Choosing a novel for his child.
2. A. Its facilities. B. Its location. C. Its comfort. D. Its price.
3. A. Fashionable pants in bright colors. B. Something to match her brown pants.
C. Grey pants made from pure cotton. D. 100% cotton pants in dark blue.
4. A. Listening to some loud music. B. Practicing for a speech contest.
C. Preparing for an oral examination. D. Talking loudly on the telephone.
5. A. The man needn’t go hopping every week.
B. She can pick the man up at the grocery store.
C. She will drive the man to the supermarket.
D. The man should buy a car of his own.
6. A. The teacher is just following the regulations.
B. The woman should have gone on the field trip.
C. He has gone through a similar experience.
D. He understands the woman’s feelings.
7. A. Have someone repair the refrigerator. B. Switch off the refrigerator for a while.
C. Ask the man to fix the refrigerator. D. Buy a refrigerator of better quality.
8. A. She stayed away from work for a few days.
B. She is black and blue all over.
C. She got hurt in an accident yesterday.
D. She has to go to see a doctor.
9. A. Her brother can help the man find a cheaper hotel.
B. The man can stay in her brother’s apartment.
C. The man should have booked a less expensive hotel.
D. Her brother can find an apartment for the man.
10. A. She is currently caught in a traffic jam. B. She wants to take the most direct way.
C. She may be late for the football game. D. She is worried about missing her flight.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. The mukbanger was a little funny. B. It was a true crime story.
C. The girl in the story couldn’t age. D. The author was curious about it.
12. A. Eating with lots of people is common. B. There is something social and comforting.
C. It’s a way to have someone to chat with. D. Connecting with others when they’re out.
13. A. The way people eat food isn’t healthy generally.
B. The audience’s stomachs can’t agree with the food.
C. Mukbang can’t help settle serious eating problems.
D. People could be encouraged to eat alone at home.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. You helped others cut hair. B. You had your hair cut.
C. Someone else did the cutting. D. You cut your hair yourself.
15. A. Put off the light. B. Close the light.
C. Turn off the light. D. Go off the light.
16. A. Learning English can be tricky. B. Phrases are confusing for English learners.
C. The meaning of “have my hair cut”. D. The meaning of “turn off the lights”.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17. A. What the man plans to give Judy. B. How hard to buy birthday gifts.
C When to choose the birthday gifts. D. Where to buy birthday gifts.
18. A. Say “I care for you” to Judy. B. Just give her $100.
C. Give her a gift card. D. Try to buy a real gift Judy likes.
19. A. $100. B.A real gift. C. A gift card. D. Perfume.
20. A. The woman is a shop assistant. B. Judy is the man’s girlfriend.
C. The man will give Judy $100. D. The two speakers agree with each other.
II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
SOS message on the sand saves missing sailors
Micronesia is an area of the western Pacific Ocean with more than 600 islands, ____1____ covers a huge area of ocean north of the large island of New Guinea.
Recently, three Micronesian sailors set out to sail 42 km from one Micronesian island to another. Unfortunately, they got ____2____ (lose), and then they ran out of fuel. After a long time drifting without power in the ocean, they landed on the tiny island of Pikelot, more than 100 km from their destination.
Pikelot is just 450 meters long and 280 meters wide. The highest point on Pikelot is only four meters above the sea. No people live there, and there is no water. The little island ____3____ (cover) in trees and has sandy beaches.
Three days after the three sailors set out on their voyage, they did not arrive at their destination, so ships and aircraft in the area began looking for the ____4____ (miss) men. But it was almost impossible to decide where ____5____ (look) because there are so many small islands and the ocean is so large. One of the ships was the Australian navy ship HMAS Canberra, which ____6____ (sail) from Australia to Hawaii and had a helicopter on board.
During this time, the three sailors decided to write ____7____ message on the beach on their tiny island. They wrote a huge SOS in the sand. SOS is an international signal that people use ____8____ they need help. Luckily, people on an American aircraft saw the SOS message in the sand and contacted the Canberra. A helicopter ____9____ the ship landed on the beach and gave the men food and water. Soon after, a Micronesian boat arrived and rescued the three sailors. They are very lucky to be alive, and it was the SOS message in the sand _____10_____ saved them.
【答案】1. which
2. lost 3. is covered
4. missing 5. to look
6. was sailing
7. a 8. when
9. from 10. that
【解析】
这是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了沙滩上的求救信息拯救了失踪船员。
【1题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：密克罗尼西亚是西太平洋的一个地区，拥有600多个岛屿，覆盖了新几内亚岛以北的大片海域。分析句子结构，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词area指物，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词which引导，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。
【2题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：不幸的是，他们迷路了，然后燃料耗尽了。get为系动词，后面需加过去分词lost作表语，表示失去的状态，get lost迷路。故填lost。
【3题详解】
考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：小岛被树木覆盖，有沙滩。此处陈述客观事实，需用一般现在时，主语The little island和cover为被动关系，需用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为单数名词，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填is covered。
【4题详解】
考查形容词。句意：三名船员起航三天后，他们还没有到达目的地，因此该地区的船只和飞机开始寻找失踪人员。空处需填形容词作定语，修饰名词men，missing意为“失踪的”。故填missing。
【5题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：但是要决定去哪里找几乎是不可能的，因为那里有那么多小岛，海洋又那么大。“疑问词+to do”为固定用法，空处需填动词不定式。故填to look。
【6题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：其中一艘是澳大利亚海军“堪培拉号”(HMAS Canberra)，这艘船当时正从澳大利亚驶往夏威夷，船上有一架直升机。此处表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，需用过去进行时。分析句子结构，which 6 (sail) from Australia to Hawaii and had a helicopter on board.是一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the Australian navy ship HMAS Canberra，关系词替代先行词，在从句中作主语，谓语动词使用单数。故填was sailing。
【7题详解】
考查冠词。句意：在这段时间里，这三个水手决定在他们小岛上的海滩上写一条消息。message意为“信息”，是可数名词，此处表示泛指，且message发音以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。
【8题详解】
考查状语从句。句意：SOS是人们在需要帮助时使用的一种国际信号。结合语境“当他们需要帮助的时候”可知，此处需用when引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”。故填when。
【9题详解】
考查介词。句意：船上的一架直升机降落在海滩上，给他们提供了食物和水。结合语境“来自船上的一架直升机”，可知，空处需填介词“来自”，from意为“来自”。故填from。
【10题详解】
考查强调句。句意：他们很幸运能活下来，正是沙滩上的求救信息救了他们。“It was+被强调部分+that+句子其他成分”为强调句的基本句型，如果被强调的部分是人，可以用who代替that，此处对句子的主语“the SOS message in the sand”进行强调，空处需填that。故填that。
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. qualities
B. benefits
C. network
D. completely
E. disappointed
F. improving
G. motivate
H. required
I. effectively
J. essential
K. surveyed
Don't abandon the written Word
Way back in 2012, Kyle Wiens. CEO of IFIX wrote in a blog post for Harvard Business Review that he wouldn't hire anyone who used poor grammar. In fact, he ____11____ all applicants to take a grammar test before moving forward.
According to Wiens, he’s found that people who make fewer mistakes on a grammar test also make fewer mistakes when they are doing something ____12____ unrelated to writing ― like stocking shelves or labeling parts. What's more, he believes that grammar skills indicate several other valuable ____13____, including learning ability, professional credibility (信用) and attention to detail. Another CEO named Brad Hoover noted that good grammar is a predictor of professional success.
Honestly ask yourself whether you'd hire someone with a poorly written resume. Will this person be able to deliver on your business plan? How ____14____ will they be able to communicate your goals and expectations? How likely is it that they will be able to successfully ____15____ with others and build your brand? In short, if you want to succeed ― as a boss or an employee ― good grammar is ____16____.
“Great leaders can understand how to use it well in context,” wrote Kevin Daum in an Inc.com article. As a leader, you must be able to manage, organize, ____17____ and support your team. Strong communication skill both written and verbal, allow you to accomplish that. If you sent an employee poorly written instructions, how probable is it that you'll both be ____18____ in the outcome and each other?
Writing, specifically by hand has numerous ____19____ for your health and well-being. Researchers have also found that handwriting, in particular the forming of letters, is the key to not only _____20_____ your memory but also forming new ideas and learning. In fact, if you want to slow down mental aging, writing by hand is your best bet because it forces you to use more of your motor skills.
【答案】11. H 12. D
13. A 14. I
15. C 16. J
17. G 18. E
19. B 20. F
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了手写文章的好处，以此作者鼓励我们多用手写文章。
【11题详解】
考查动词和时态。句意：事实上，他要求所有的申请者在前进之前都要参加语法测试。分析句子结构可知，空处需用动词作谓语，根据上文的Way back in 2012可知，应用一般过去时，根据空后all applicants to和选项可知，动词required“要求”，符合题意，required sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事，固定搭配。故选H。
【12题详解】
考查副词。句意：根据Wiens的说法，他发现那些在语法测试中犯较少错误的人，在做一些与写作完全无关的事情时，比如摆放货架或给零件贴标签，犯的错误也会更少。空处需用副词作状语修饰形容词unrelated，根据空后 like stocking shelves or labeling parts.和句意可知，副词completely“完全地”，符合题意，指完全无关的事情。故填D。
【13题详解】
考查名词。句意：此外，他认为语法技能还反映出其他一些有价值的品质，包括学习能力、职业可信度和对细节的关注。分析句子可知，此处应用复数名词作indicate的宾语，根据空后“including learning ability, professional credibility (信用) and attention to detail.”可知，这是一些品质，结合选项可知，名词qualities“品质”，符合题意。故选A。
【14题详解】
考查副词。句意：他们能否有效地传达你的目标和期望?分析句子结构可知，空处需用副词作状语修饰动词communicate，结合选项可知，副词 effectively“有效地”，符合题意。故选I。
【15题详解】
考查动词。句意：他们能够成功地与他人建立网络并建立你的品牌的可能性有多大? be able to do sth.能够做某事，固定搭配，所以空处需用动词原形，根据句意和选项可知，动词network“建立工作关系”，符合题意。故选C。
【16题详解】
考查形容词。句意：简而言之，如果你想成功——无论是当老板还是雇员——良好的语法是必不可少的。分析句子结构可知，空处需用形容词作表语，结合选项可知，形容词essential“至关重要的”，符合题意。故选J。
【17题详解】
考查动词。句意：作为一个领导者，你必须有能力管理、组织、激励和支持你团队。根据空前manage, organize和空后and support 可知，空处需用动词与之并列，结合选项可知，动词motivate“激励”，符合题意； be able to后需接动词原形。故选G。
【18题详解】
考查形容词。句意：如果你给员工的指令写得很差，你们对结果和对对方失望的可能性有多大?分析句子结构可知，空处需用形容词作表语，根据前半句“If you sent an employee poorly written instructions”和选项可知，形容词disappointed“失望的”，符合题意。故选E。
【19题详解】
考查名词。句意：写作，特别是手写对你的健康和幸福有很多好处。形容词numerous“很多的”后需接复数名词名词，结合选项可知，名词benefits“好处”，符合题意。故选B。
【20题详解】
考查动名词。句意：研究人员还发现，书写，尤其是字母的形成，不仅是提高记忆力的关键，也是形成新想法和学习能力的关键。The key to doing sth.做某事的关键，此处to是介词，结合下文的“but also forming”可知，其后需接动名词作宾语，根据选项可知，动名词improving“改善，提高”，符合题意。故选F。
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
A study from Switzerland’s Université de Genève(UNIGE) looked to answer the question of which came first: a decrease in physical activity or cognitive (认知的) decline?
“Interrelationships have been ____21____ between these two factors, particularly in terms of memory but also regarding the growth and survival of new neurons (神经元).” said Boris Cheval, a researcher at UNIGE’S Swiss Centre for Affective Sciences (CISA) in a press release. “But we have never yet ____22____ tested which comes first: Does physical activity prevent a decline in cognitive skills or ____23____ ? That’s what we wanted to ____24____ .”
Earlier studies have considered that physical activity ____25____ cognitive decline. But according to Cheval, recent studies may ____26____ that past research has “only told half the story… since those recent studies demonstrate that our brain is ____27____ when it comes to engaging in physical activity.”
Researchers at UNIGE tested the two possible ____28____ by using data from the Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe, a socioeconomic database covering more than 25 countries across the continent.
Over the course of 12 years, 105, 206 adults ___29___ in age from 50 to go were tested every two years on their cognitive abilities and their physical activity.
Researchers ____30____ cognitive abilities with a verbal fluency test that saw participants name as many animals as they could in 60 seconds. They also tested cognitive abilities with a ____31____ test where they memorized 10 words before reciting them. Physical activity was measured using a scale from 1 to 4. A 1 indicated participants “never” ____32____ physical activity while a 4 meant they were physically ____33____ “more than once a week”.
The study found that the ____34____ of what past studies concluded was true ― cognitive abilities mostly influence physical activity, not the other way around.
“This study backs up our theory that the brain has to make a real effort to get out of a sitting lifestyle and that by ___35___ cognitive capabilities, physical activity will follow,” Cheval said.
21. A. neglected B. prevented C. confused D. established
22. A. formally B. separately C. individually D. casually
23. A. at times B. vice versa C. by chance D. in part
24. A. release B. admit C. confirm D. oppose
25. A. prevents B. encourages C. influences D. reduces
26. A. mislead B. contradict C. ignore D. indicate
27. A. abandoned B. involved C. entertained D. processed
28. A. factors B. elements C. options D. subjects
29. A. ranging B. judging C. expanding D. varying
30. A. balanced B. restricted C. surveyed D. measured
31. A. observation B. reflection C. memory D. imitation
32. A. concerned about B. engaged in C. stood for D. gave up
33. A. motionless B. casual C. active D. passive
34. A. consequence B. similarity C. difference D. opposite
35. A. working on B. reflecting over C. crossing out D. putting off
【答案】21. D 22. A 23. B 24. C 25. A 26. D 27. B 28. C 29. A 30. D 31. C 32. B 33. C 34. D 35. A
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了早期的研究认为，体育活动可以防止认知能力下降，而最近的研究发现，认知能力也会影响人们进行体育活动的情况。文章介绍了研究开展的过程以及这项研究的意义。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这两个因素之间已经建立了相互关系，特别是在记忆方面，但也是关于新神经元的生长和存活。A. neglected忽视；B. prevented阻止；C. confused困惑；D. established建立。根据前后文语境“Interrelationships have been … between these two factors”可知此处指建立这两个因素之间的相互关系，应用establish。故选D。
【22题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：但我们从未正式测试过先有哪种情况：体育活动能防止认知能力的下降，还是反之？A. formally正式地；B. separately分别地；C. individually个别地；D. casually随便地。结合后文“tested which comes first”以及“That’s what we wanted to”可知，研究人员还从未正式测试过先有哪种情况，所以这是他们想要确认的。故选A。
【23题详解】
考查固定短语辨析。句意：但我们从未正式测试过先有哪种情况：体育活动能防止认知能力的下降，还是反之？A. at times偶尔；B. vice versa反之亦然；C. by chance偶然；D. in part部分地。根据倒数第二段中“cognitive abilities mostly influence physical activity, not the other way around.”可知此处是问题是：体力活动能防止认知能力的下降，还是是与之相反的。故选B。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这就是我们想要确认的。A. release释放；B. admit承认；C. confirm确认；D. oppose反对。结合上文中“But we have never yet … tested which comes first”可知，因为从未测试过，所以如今测试就是为了确认哪种情况先发生。故选C。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：早期的研究认为，体育活动可以防止认知能力下降。A. prevents阻止；B. encourages鼓励；C. influences影响；D. reduces减少。根据倒数第二段中“The study found that the … of what past studies concluded was true ― cognitive abilities mostly influence physical activity”可推知，早期研究认为体育活动可以防止认知能力下降，而最新的研究表明情况正好相反。故选A。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但根据Cheval的说法，最近的研究可能表明过去的研究“只说明了一半……因为那些最近的研究表明，当涉及到体育活动时，我们的大脑也参与了。”A. mislead误导；B. contradict反驳；C. ignore忽视；D. indicate表明。结合后文“since those recent studies demonstrate”以及“past research has “only told half the story…since those recent studies demonstrate that our brain is … when it comes to engaging in physical activity.”可知最近的研究表明过去的研究并不全面，故选D。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但根据Cheval的说法，最近的研究可能表明过去的研究“只说明了一半……因为那些最近的研究表明，当涉及到体育活动时，我们的大脑也参与了。”A. abandoned抛弃；B. involved参与；C. entertained娱乐；D. processed加工。根据到数第二段中“cognitive abilities mostly influence physical activity”可知大脑也参与了体育活动。故选B。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：UNIGE的研究人员利用欧洲健康、老龄化和退休调查的数据测试了这两种可能的选择，该调查是一个覆盖整个欧洲大陆25个以上国家的社会经济数据库。A. factors因素；B. elements基础；C. options选择；D. subjects科目。结合上文“the two possible”可知此处指上文提到的，是体育活动先减少还是认知能力先降低这两种选择进行测试，故选C。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在12年的时间里，每两年对105206名年龄在50岁到50岁以上的成年人进行认知能力和体育活动测试。A. ranging（在一定的范围内）变动；B. judging判断；C. expanding扩大；D. varying变化。根据后文“in age from 50 to go”可知指“在一定的范围内变动”应用range。故选A。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究人员通过一项语言流畅测试测试了参与者的认知能力，让他们在60秒内说出尽可能多的动物的名字。A. balanced平衡；B. restricted限制；C. surveyed调查；D. measured测试，测量。根据后文“cognitive abilities with a verbal fluency test”可知此处指研究人员通过一项语言流畅测试测试了参与者的认知能力。后文“Physical activity was measured”也是提示。故选D。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们还通过记忆测试测试了他们认知能力，在背诵之前他们记住了10个单词。A. observation观察；B. reflection反射；C. memory记忆；D. imitation模仿。根据后文“where they memorized 10 words before reciting them”可知是进行记忆测试。故选C。
【32题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：1表示参与者“从未”参加体育活动，4表示他们的体育活动“一周超过一次”。A. concerned about关心；B. engaged in参与，从事于；C. stood for代表；D. gave up放弃。结合后文“physical activity”可知指参与体育活动，故选B。
【33题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：1表示参与者“从未”参加过体育活动，4表示他们的体育活动“一周超过一次”。A. motionless静止的；B. casual随便的；C. active积极的；D. passive消极的。根据后文“more than once a week”可知数字4代表着参与者一周积极参与体育活动超过一次。故选C。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这项研究发现，与过去的研究结论相反，认知能力主要影响体育活动，而不是相反。A. consequence结果；B. similarity相似性；C. difference差异；D. opposite对立面。第三段中“Earlier studies have considered that physical activity … cognitive decline.”说明了早期的研究认为，体育活动可以防止认知能力下降，而如今的研究发现与过去的研究相反——认知能力主要影响体育活动。故选D。
【35题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：Cheval说：“这项研究支持了我们的理论，即大脑必须通过努力才能摆脱久坐的生活方式，通过提高认知能力，体育活动也会随之增多。”A. working on作用于，致力于；B. reflecting over反思；C. crossing out删去；D. putting off推迟。根据后文“cognitive capabilities, physical activity will follow”可知提高认知能力，体育活动也会随之增多。故选A。
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
“Runners, to your mark, Get set…” Bang! And I was off, along with a bunch of other teenage cross-country runners from high schools across the county. The day was like any other fair-weather autumn day in Maryland. But the race that day felt unique from the get-go. For one thing, I liked the course. It was my team’s home course, one I was used to running during practices. It took runners along an area of land that included open fields, hills and even winding dirt paths through a small forest. It was a beautiful 5-kilometer course. This particular race was our team’s invite, and I was proud to be sharing the course with competitors from other schools. It also meant a lot―more than normal that my parents were there to cheer me on.
With so much to expect that day, I was ready to run! And I didn’t want to be stuck with the pack of other runners, as is typical at the beginning of most cross-country races. So when the gun sounded, I took off running, leaving everyone else in the dust.
The first part of our course followed the outside edge of a large open field before disappearing into the forest. Within seconds of the start, I was far ahead of everyone, and all of the fans could see it. It felt magnificent.
But that feeling didn’t last long. Little did I know my coach was laughing to himself, thinking, “Gabe is done for!” And I was. My body was telling me to slow down. My pride, however, said “No! Not until you’re out of sight of the spectators!” I was in agony, but I kept up my pace until I reached the forest. Once in among the trees. I slowed way down.
I enjoyed most races, even while pushing myself, but this one was not enjoyable in the least. I finished the race, but in nowhere near the time I could have if I’d paced myself well from the beginning. Every time I reflect on that cross-country season, I’m reminded of something: Pride is no substitute for pace.
36. What is special to the author about the race?
A. The weather condition was good for runners.
B. He was familiar with the home course.
C. He took pride in competitors from other schools.
D. His parents came to support him as usual.
37. The underlined word “agony” (paragraph 4) most probably means .
A. suffering B. comfort C. relief D. contest
38. What result of the race can be concluded about the author from the passage?
A. He left everyone behind and took the first place.
B. He took the lead first and disappeared among trees.
C. He won the race under the pressure of his coach.
D. He finished the race but failed to reach his record.
39. What’s the author’s reflection on the race?
A. It is parents’ encouragement that leads to the result.
B. It’s a pleasure to live up to your fans’ expectations.
C. It’s important to pace yourself with no pride.
D. It is his coach who encourages him to finish the race.
【答案】36. B 37. A 38. D 39. C
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。作者在参加一次跑步比赛时，由于想把对手们甩在后面，因此打乱了自己的比赛节奏，最终的比赛结果不尽人意。通过反思这次经历，作者悟出了一个道理：骄傲不能代替节奏。
【36题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“But the race that day felt unique from the get-go. For one thing, I liked the course. It was my team’s home course, one I was used to running during practices.”（但那天的比赛从一开始就感觉与众不同。一方面，我喜欢这门课。这是我的球队的主场，我习惯于在训练中跑步。）可知，作者对家乡球场很熟悉。故选B。
【37题详解】
词句猜测题。根据上文“My body was telling me to slow down. My pride, however, said “No! Not until you’re out of sight of the spectators!””（我的身体告诉我要慢下来。然而，我的自尊心却说:“不！直到你离开观众的视线！）可知，作者想要放慢速度，但是自尊心告诉自己不能慢下来，由此可推知，划线词所在句子意为“我很痛苦，但我还是保持着前进的步伐，一直走到了森林里。”agony意为“痛苦”。故选A。
【38题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“I finished the race, but in nowhere near the time I could have if I’d paced myself well from the beginning.”（我跑完了全程，但如果我从一开始就能很好地控制好自己的速度的话，我所能达到的时间还远远不够。）可推知，他完成了比赛，但没有达到自己的记录。故选D。
【39题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Every time I reflect on that cross-country season, I’m reminded of something: Pride is no substitute for pace.”（每次我回想那个越野赛季，我都会想起一些事情:骄傲不能代替速度。）可知，作者对比赛的反思是不骄傲地调整自己的步伐是很重要的。故选C。
(B)
Ever look at your to-do list and want to run and hide? Me too. But life is more than working hard to finish tasks, collapsing into bed, judging the past 24 hours and our success by how much we've managed to tick off.
So here’s how to get stuff done and enjoy yourself at the same time.
1.Rename it
My friend Jim Kwik says, “Call your ‘got-to-do’ list your ‘get- to-do’ list.” It’s a tiny change but a major shift.
Think about it. You get to walk your dog, choose wonderful dinner ingredients and go to a job each day that affords you the life you have.
2.Add some action
Instead of writing plain reminders down as memory urges, like “Dentist” and “Report,” add some verbs and result-based benefits, like “Book dentist and get teeth sparkly white!” or “Complete report and let out your breath.” Imagine the good feeling attached to each agenda item and let it fuel you.
3. Trust there’s time
Have you ever noticed when you’re in a rush, you make mistakes? Like when you’re late for work: You can’t find your jeans, you hurt your toe on the bed by accident and you misplace your phone as you head down the elevator.
When we operate from a place of calm, stuff happens faster. We find what we need. We don’t burn the toast.
It can be as simple as sitting up in bed, taking ten deep breaths when you wake up and setting a simple intention for the day (not reaching straight for Instagram and email).
4.Ask yourself this
How are you spending your days, your life? Are you having enough fun? Can your got-to-do list be a get-to-do list with some good moods dancing on the page and an air of “I got time!” attached to it? Yes, it probably can. Now, what’s first?
40. Which of the following does the author agree with about “your to-do list”?
A. Choose wonderful dinner ingredients and go to a job each day.
B. Change “Dentist” into “Book dentist and get teeth sparkly white!”
C. Remind yourself you have plenty of time to deal with daily routines.
D Keep asking yourself questions with the air of “I got time!”
41. It can be concluded that the key to getting stuff done and enjoying yourself at the same time is ___.
A. A. a state of mind B. a get-to-do list. C. a memory urge D. a place of calm
42. What’s the writing purpose of this passage?
A. To find out what to do first every day. B. To imagine the good feeling of tasks.
C. To explain the importance of lifestyle. D. To discover how to enjoy daily life.
【答案】40. B 41. A 42. D
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四种在完成工作的同时享受生活的方法。
【40题详解】
细节理解题。根据2.Add some action部分中“Instead of writing plain reminders down as memory urges, like “Dentist” and “Report,” add some verbs and result-based benefits, like “Book dentist and get teeth sparkly white!” or “Complete report and let out your breath.”(不要随着记忆的冲动写简单的提醒，比如‘牙医’和‘报告’，添加一些动词和基于结果的好处，比如‘预约牙医，让牙齿闪闪发光!’或‘完成报告，然后长舒一口气’)”可知，关于“你的待办事项清单”，作者可能会认同B选项“把‘牙医’改成‘预约牙医，让牙齿闪闪发光!’”的做法。故选B。
【41题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“How are you spending your days, your life? Are you having enough fun? Can your got-to-do list be a get-to-do list with some good moods dancing on the page and an air of “I got time!” attached to it?(你是如何度过你的日子，你的生活的？你的乐趣够吗？你的待办事项清单是带有一种跃然纸上的好心情以及一种“我还有时间”的气氛的必做事项清单吗吗？)”可推知，要在完成工作的同时享受自我，其关键是一种心态。故选A。
【42题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“So here’s how to get stuff done and enjoy yourself at the same time.(以下就是如何在完成工作的同时享受生活的方法)”结合文章主要介绍了四种在完成工作的同时享受生活的方法。可推知，这篇文章的写作目的是去发现如何享受日常生活。故选D。
(C)
Upon reflection of the ideal social moral code, within one sentence, it would be: be constructive, not destructive. Though “be constructive, not destructive” sounds sensible, there are many nuances (slight differences). Sometimes it is difficult to determine if an act is exactly constructive or destructive.
We can decide if something is constructive or destructive based on degree, for instance. Say your preschool son is acting up and broke a glass vase, even after you told him to stop grabbing and playing with it several times. You get a thought in your mind to spank him to give a punishment for his naughty action. However, you start to feel confused about whether this would be constructive or destructive. It might show him that not listening to you and breaking things is not welcome, but on the other hand, spanking him is an act of aggression that will hurt him physically and perhaps teach him to use force in situations later in life. There is no exact wrong or right in these moments. However, through your own reasoning, you can decide to what degree it would be beneficial or harmful to him and the situation at hand. Personally, I would not spank my son, as I think it does more destruction than construction. But, that is just me.
Another nuance to consider is the definition we give to construction and destruction. For example, for some people, construction can never involve violence, while for others, it could even be an essential part. Take the example of going back in time and killing Hitler. Killing someone is definitely termed a destructive act. However, in light of the circumstances, I would assume that the majority of people would agree that killing Hitler at the height of his power if they had the chance would be seen as a constructive, thus positive act. Therefore, our definitions often determine our values and how we behave upon those principles.
Additionally, construction and destruction can be filtered through a sociopolitical lens. Construction can be seen as good to some, and bad to others. Take for instance creating new homes in a forested area. Yes, homes for humans are made, but also the habitat for countless animals is being destroyed, or at least altered to an extreme. Construction, if it is true, it should be beneficial to all parties included. That is a tall order, though. Every step we take kills bacteria and other microorganisms—and perhaps plants, insects, and who knows what else. Destruction can be seen as a part of each moment. Plus, what a majority might regard as a constructive might be seen as destructive to a minority. Is there a way to determine which side is correct? It is almost impossible. Being in the majority in terms of a moral outlook does not mean it is correct, or more appropriate. There have been many instances in history when acts were regarded as constructive, but were later seen as destructive with a modern lens.
Though I consider “Be constructive, not destructive” the most solid one-sentence social moral code, it is not without its nuances and problems. For instance, the degree to which we consider something constructive or destructive, definitions of being constructive and destructive, and construction and destruction seen through a sociopolitical lens are all nuances. These differences consist of the confusion that this ideal social moral code causes. However, I cannot imagine a better code than the one stated in this essay in terms of living one’s life in a social context.
43. From the author’s view whether to punish a kid’s wrong doing or not depends on what extent .
A. A. it would bring him benefits or harms
B. he would modify his destructive behavior
C. his act is constructive or destructive
D. his destructive result might bring about
44. The author mentions the example of killing Hitler to show that .
A. A. killing someone is definitely termed a destructive act
B. the majority of people would agree to kill Hitler
C. killing Hitler is seen as a constructive and positive act
D. definitions of social code decide our values and principles
45. What does the underlined sentence (paragraph 4) imply?
A. Construction and destruction can advance social developments.
B. Construction can be seen as good to some, and bad to others.
C. What a majority might regard as a constructive might be seen as destructive.
D. Being in the majority in terms of a moral outlook does not mean it is correct.
46. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?
A. A. Wrong or Right of Social Moral Code
B. Judgment of Construction or Destruction
C. Ideal Social Moral Code
D. How to Live One’s Life in a Social Context
【答案】43. A 44. D 45. D 46. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章对行为建设性和破坏性的判断进行了详细讨论。
【详解】1.细节理解题。根据第二段倒第二句“However, through your own reasoning, you can decide to what degree it would be beneficial or harmful to him and the situation at hand. ”（然而，通过你自己的推理，你可以决定在何种程度上，这将有利于或有害于他和当前的情况。）可知，作者认为是否惩罚一个孩子的错误行为取决于这会带给他的好处或坏处的程度。故选A。
2.推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“ Therefore, our definitions often determine our values and how we behave upon those principles.”（因此，我们的定义往往决定了我们的价值观以及我们在这些原则基础上如何行动。）可推知，作者提到刺杀希特勒的例子来说明社会规范的定义决定了我们的价值观和原则。故选D。
3.词句猜测题。根据第四段倒第二句“Being in the majority in terms of a moral outlook does not mean it is correct, or more appropriate. ”（在道德观念上占多数并不意味着它是正确的或者更合适的。）可知，划线句暗示在道德观念上占多数并不意味着它是正确的。故选D。
4.主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句“Sometimes it is difficult to determine if an act is exactly constructive or destructive.”（有时很难确定一个行为究竟是建设性的还是破坏性的。）可知，文章主要是讲对行为建设性和破坏性的判断。“建设性和破坏性的判断”最适合作文章标题。故选B。
Section C
Directions: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
A Useful Tool for Music Lovers
With the development and expansion of the Internet, many hobbies and interests of modern people have gained a new dimension. The Internet allows enthusiasts to unite to share their excitement about trends, to communicate and share experiences. Specialized websites provide users with even more information about their subjects of interest and help discover new boundaries of their passions. This refers to movies, arts, modeling, programming, literature, and music as well. One can hardly find a person who would not be listening to music on the way to work, at home, or elsewhere. _________47_________.
One such website is Last.fm: a mix of a social network and an Internet-radio that tracks down the music its users listen to. _________48_________. Besides, it has a number of advantages compared to other sources providing similar services. The design of Last.fm gives a welcoming impression, though some might find it too simple. The site is displayed in red tones, with the possibility of switching it to a black skin and, despite the quantity of information, is easy to understand and navigate. Users can also decorate their profiles with pictures of themselves, all kinds of badges, diagrams, tag clouds, and statistics relating to music.
The availability of multiple functions also speaks in favor of Last.fm. One of its significant advantages over many other musical websites is the function of scrobbling (歌曲记录), which means tracking down the music one had been listening to. _________49_________. With its aid, Last.fm searches for people with similar musical preferences and shows one a list of those whose interests match to some extent. These people are called neighbors and the idea is that they can get familiar with the fans of their favorite kind of music and, most likely, make new friends. The information about upcoming events nearby, as well as recommendations given about new music that a user might like are also gathered and introduced by the means of scrobbling. If a person listens to one or two bands on a consistent basis, the website will display a few new artists that play in a similar genre, including new ones, so that a user can be in touch with the latest trends within their musical interests.
_________50_________. However, there is a serious drawback connected to it. The fact is that the majority of free tracks and albums are available only to citizens of the USA, Germany, and Great Britain, while in other countries, users can only listen to short introductory samples. And yet those lucky ones from the places mentioned before can listen to one track online up to five times a day. Besides, the website had recently changed its policy towards monetization and reduced the number of free services. Last.fm also works as a kind of musical Wikipedia, providing users with biographies of bands, or actual musicians. There is hardly a need to mention that musicians can also benefit from using the resource, presenting information about themselves and involving fans.
A. Last.fm allows users to listen to music for free, as well as buy tracks.
B. The website Last.fm is a convenient and useful resource for music lovers.
C. There are plenty of websites that allow music lovers to stay in touch with the news relating to their hobby.
D. If you want to use Last.fm for communication, you might find that traditional social networks are more suitable for this purpose
E. This website is of great benefit for music enthusiasts.
F. This technology is convenient and definitely helpful for music lovers.
【答案】47. C 48. E 49. F 50. A
【解析】
【分析】
本文是说明文。文章给音乐发烧友们介绍了有用的工具——Last.fm，它是社交网络和网络收音机的混合体，它可以追踪用户所听的音乐，也可以免费听音乐，以及购买曲目。
【47题详解】
根据上文“Specialized websites provide users with even more information about their subjects of interest and help discover new boundaries of their passions. ”（专门的网站为用户提供更多关于他们感兴趣的主题的信息，帮助他们发现他们的热情的新界限。）可知，该句以下内容和提供音乐的网站有关。再结合下一段中的“One such website is Last.fm: a mix of a social network and an Internet-radio that tracks down the music its users listen to.”（这样的网站之一是Last.fm:社交网络和网络收音机的混合体，它可以追踪用户所听的音乐。）可推知，设空处应提到了有很多可以让音乐爱好者了解最新音乐消息的网站。C项“有很多可以让音乐爱好者了解与他们好爱相关的最新消息的网站”符合语境，下文的one such website呼应选项中的plenty of websites。故选C。
【48题详解】
根据前一句“One such website is Last.fm: a mix of a social network and an Internet-radio that tracks down the music its users listen to.”（这样的网站之一是Last.fm:社交网络和网络收音机的混合体，它可以追踪用户所听的音乐。）以及后文“Besides, it has a number of advantages compared to other sources providing similar services..”（此外，与提供类似服务的其他来源相比，它有许多优势。）可知，空处应起承上启下的作用，说明这个音乐网站对于音乐热爱者来说有很多好处。E项“这个网站对音乐爱好者来说有很多好处”符合文意。故选E。
【49题详解】
根据前文“ One of its significant advantages over many other musical websites is the function of scrobbling (歌曲记录), which means tracking down the music one had been listening to. ”（它的一个超过许多其他音乐网站的显著优势是歌曲记录功能，这意味着追踪用户一直听的音乐。）可知，设空处应讲述追踪用户一直听的音乐的这项技术对音乐爱好者的意义。F项 “对于音乐热爱者来说，它既方便又有帮助。”符合语境，选项中的this technology指的就是上文的 the function of scrobbling（歌曲记录功能）。 故选F。
【50题详解】
根据下文“ However, there is a serious drawback connected to it. The fact is that the majority of free tracks and albums are available only to citizens of the USA, Germany, and Great Britain, while in other countries, users can only listen to short introductory samples. ”（然而，它有一个严重的缺点。事实上，大部分的免费歌曲和专辑只针对美国、德国和英国的公民开放，而其他国家的用户只能听简短的介绍样本）可知，设空处提到了这个网站免费听音乐和可以购买曲目的这一特点。A项“Last.fm允许用户免费听音乐，也可以购买单曲”符合文意，下文的 free tracks and albums呼应选项中的listen to music for free。故选A。
【点睛】
71.IV. Summary Writing
51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Beyond Identity
We often think of ourselves as our body, mind, and emotions. We take these three elements and make a combination. However, we also often talk about a person’s soul. Is there any scientific basis for the soul? Surprisingly, there is. Each unique personality a person has (even in circumstances of memory loss and other illnesses), the feeling and identity of the self beyond age (especially experienced as we grow older), and our inevitable subjective experience as an individual consist of a scientific foundation for the soul.
Despite the constant shift in the links between our brain cells, we remain essentially the same personality. This consistency is most obvious in the case of mentally ill patients or people who have experienced memory loss. According to Scientific American: Basically, no matter what happens to our brain, our unique personality seems to shine through.
Besides one’s personality the soul of a person can be identified through one’s consciousness. Though we commonly identify with our body and what we see in the mirror, we also have a sense that we are not a certain age—as our sense of self usually leans less on age and rather on our subjective feeling of who we are essentially.
Lastly, each person is inevitably subjective about his or her experience. Despite humans being very, very similar to each other in DNA and overall composition, our understanding of reality is vastly different from individual to individual. According to Psychology Today, “While science has made tremendous progress explaining the functioning of the brain, why we have a subjective experience remains mysterious. The problem of the soul lies exactly here, in understanding the nature of the self, the “I” in existence that feels and lives life.
The soul of a person is incredibly challenging to prove scientifically. However, we can say that the soul has some basis in science. These realities of our behavior, character, and the way you notice things might not be tested strictly, but they are very difficult to deny.
【答案】The personality, the feeling and identity of the self, and subjective experience comprise a scientific basis for the soul of a person. Whatever happens to the brain, the personality seems to exist. The soul can also be recognized mainly through the sense of the self and their own understanding of the nature. There is no reason to deny it scientifically.
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍人格、自我的感觉和身份，以及主观经验构成了一个人的灵魂的科学基础。不管大脑发生了什么，人格似乎是存在的。灵魂也可以主要通过自我意识和自己对自然的理解来认识。没有理由从科学上否认它。
【详解】1. 要点摘录
1）We often think of ourselves as our body, mind, and emotions.
2）Despite the constant shift in the links between our brain cells, we remain essentially the same personality.
3）Besides one’s personality, the soul of a person can be identified through one’s consciousness.
4）Lastly, each person is inevitably subjective about his or her experience.
5）The soul of a person is incredibly challenging to prove scientifically. However, we can say that the soul has some basis in science. These realities of our behavior, character, and the way you notice things might not be tested strictly, but they are very difficult to deny.
2.缜密构思
将第1、2、3、4四个要点综合进行文章主旨概括，将第2个要点单独具体概括，将第3、4两个要点进行整合，将第5要点总结概括。
3.遣词造句
The personality, the feeling and identity of the self, and subjective experience comprise a scientific basis for the soul of a person.
Whatever happens to the brain, the personality seems to exist.
The soul can also be recognized mainly through the sense of the self and their own understanding of the nature.
There is no reason to deny it scientifically.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Whatever happens to the brain, the personality seems to exist.运用一个复合句对原文第二段进行了概括。其中Whatever引导的让步状语从句。
[高分句型2]：The soul can also be recognized mainly through the sense of the self and their own understanding of the nature. 用情态动词+被动语态的简单句对第三段和第四段进行了概括。
V. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
52. 他在整理书籍时发现了一本旧日记。(run)(汉译英)
【答案】He ran across an old dairy while sorting out the books.
【解析】
【详解】考查短语，非谓语和时态。根据汉语提示可知，本句陈述过去的事情，故基础时态为一般过去时；“偶然发现”表达为run across，作句子谓语；“一本旧日记”表达为an old dairy，作run across的宾语；“整理”表达为sort out；“在整理书籍时”可用while引导的状语从句的省略，还原为：while he was sorting out the books。主从句主语相同且从句的动词为be动词，主语和be动词省略。再结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为He ran across an old dairy while sorting out the books.。
53. 过度使用手机会对我们的身体造成不良影响。(impact) (汉译英)
【答案】Overuse of mobile phones can make a negative impact on our health.
【解析】
【详解】考查名词和固定短语。根据句意“过度使用手机”可知短语为overuse of mobile phones，作主语；表示“对……造成不良影响”短语为make a negative impact on sth.，此处作谓语，can后跟动词原形；表示“健康”应用不可数名词health，作宾语。故翻译为Overuse of mobile phones can make a negative impact on our health.
54. 不可否认这种疾病的危害性已经引起了公众的广泛关注和高度重视。(There) (汉译英)
【答案】There is no denying that the harmfulness of this disease has aroused/brought widespread concern/ attention.
【解析】
【详解】考查同位语从句和动词时态。There is no denying that…为固定句型，意为“不可否认……”，此处为that引导的同位语从句；the harmfulness of this disease意为“这种疾病的危害性”，是从句的主语，arise/bring引起，是谓语动词，此处表示过去发生的事情对现在产生影响，使用现在完成时，主语为不可数名词，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式；widespread concern/attention意为“广泛关注和高度重视”，是宾语。故答案是There is no denying that the harmfulness of this disease has aroused/brought widespread concern/ attention.。
55. 你希望同学怎么对待你，你就怎么对待他们。无论相交深浅，都应尊重他们。(Whatever) (汉译英)
【答案】Treat your classmates like you’d like/want to be treated/ Treat your classmates as you want them to.
Whatever your relationship/depth of the relationship is, treat them with respect/they should be respected.
【解析】
【详解】考查连词和固定短语。Treat your classmates 对待你的同学，作主句，as/like如，后接从句，从句的主语是you，would like to do /want to do sth.此处表示被对待，所以此处需用to be treated作宾语，后一句也可以用 want them to作谓语；Whatever无论什么，引导让步状语从句，从句的主语是your relationship/depth of the relationship“相交深浅”，表示事实，谓语动词需用一般现在时态，主语是单数，be动词需用is，主句使用祈使句treat them “对待他们”, with respect尊重地，作状语，此处也可以用被动语态they should be respected“他们应该被尊重，句首单词首字母需大写。故翻译为Treat your classmates like you’d like/want to be treated/ Treat your classmates as you want them to. Whatever your relationship/depth of the relationship is, treat them with respect/they should be respected.
VI. Guided Writing
56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你校正在举行一个“Donate an Hour Every Day”的主题征文活动，请你据此用英语写一篇短文参赛，内容要传递正能量，具体需包括：
.你对此主题的理解；
.你的具体做法及理由。
【答案】 Donate an Hour Every Day
An hour is only a small proportion of a regular day, which leads to many people’s neglecting its meaning at first sight. However, “Donate an hour every day” highlights the impact of accumulation and joint efforts.
As for me, daily voluntary work may suit the hour best. I’m going to sign up for the position as a school library assistant. Being very willing to sacrifice my resting and entertainment hours after lunch, I’ll place books on shelves in order and help students look for a certain book or do check-ins and outs for them. I consider it meaningful to give them a hand.
Despite the saying “An hour saved is an hour earned”, it’s necessary for us to donate an hour to others unselfishly. When we make contributions, the sense of being needed can fulfill our internal demands, thus leveling up our emotion and giving us self-satisfaction. In a nutshell, this kind of mutual benefit deserves the hour spent.
【解析】
【分析】
本篇书面表达属于说明文，要求考生就“Donate an Hour Every Day”为主题，写一篇英语短文参赛，文章要包含考生对此主题的理解以及具体做法和理由。
【详解】第一步：审题
体裁：说明文
时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时和一般将来时。
结构：总分法
总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。
要求：
.你对此主题的理解；
.你的具体做法及理由。
第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）
a small proportion of; lead to; highlight; accumulation; joint efforts; as for; sign up for; be willing to; place sth. in order; look for; meaningful; give sb. a hand; necessary; make contributions; in a nutshell
第三步：连词成句
1. An hour is only a small proportion of a regular day, which leads to many people’s neglecting its meaning at first sight.
2. However, “Donate an hour every day” highlights the impact of accumulation and joint efforts.
3. As for me, daily voluntary work may suit the hour best.
4. I’m going to sign up for the position as a school library assistant.
5. Being very willing to sacrifice my resting and entertainment hours after lunch, I’ll place books on shelves in order and help students look for a certain book or do check-ins and outs for them.
6. I consider it meaningful to give them a hand.
7. Despite the saying “An hour saved is an hour earned”, it’s necessary for us to donate an hour to others unselfishly.
8. When we make contributions, the sense of being needed can fulfill our internal demands, thus leveling up our emotion and giving us self-satisfaction.
9. In a nutshell, this kind of mutual benefit deserves the hour spent.
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）
1.表转折对比关系：However
2.表因果关系： Thus
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。
【点睛】[高分句型1] An hour is only a small proportion of a regular day, which leads to many people’s neglecting its meaning at first sight. (运用了which引导非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] When we make contributions, the sense of being needed can fulfill our internal demands, thus leveling up our emotion and giving us self-satisfaction. (运用了when引导时间状语从句)
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