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广东省江门市2020届高三一模考试英语试题+Word版含解析
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这是一份广东省江门市2020届高三一模考试英语试题+Word版含解析，共28页。试卷主要包含了考生必须保持答题卡的整洁等内容，欢迎下载使用。
江门市2020年高考模拟考试
英语试题
本试卷共10页，满分120分。考试用时120分钟。
注意事项：
1.答题前，考生务必把自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡相应的位置上。
2.做选择题时，必须用2B铅笔把答题卷.上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。
3.非选择题必须使用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔，将答案写在答题卡规定的位置上。
4.所有题目必须在答题卡上指定位置作答，不按以上要求作答的答案无效。
5.考生必须保持答题卡的整洁。考试结束后，将答题卡交回。
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
There are numerous hotels and resorts with water parks to keep you cool and refreshed in the hot summer days located along the Myrtle Beach. Here is some of the most popular lodging(住宿).
Comfort Suites-Myrtle Beach
While staying at the Comfort Suites in Myrtle Beach, guests have access to an outdoor pool to swim in or lie by the side in one of the comfortable chairs. The hotel features a free breakfast each morning with fresh fruits, cereals, and pastries. Free Wi-Fi is provided across the -property, and guests can enjoy free cable television in each room.
Best Western Grand Strand Inn & Suites
The Best Western Grand Strand Inn & Suites is located on the sunny beach of Myrtle Beach, South Carolina. The hotel features a fitness center, an outdoor heated pool, a hot tub, and free breakfast. Also offered are an attraction and entertainment ticket service, and room service. Just a few minutes away are Ripley's Believe It or Not Museum, the Haunted Adventure, and Myrtle
Waves Water Park, along with several dining options.
Econo Lodge Conway SC
This Econo Lodge is located in Conway and a short drive away from Myrtle Beach. There are some attractions that can be found in the area for people to enjoy, such as Legends in Concert Myrtle Beach. This lodge offers some great special features for their guests to enjoy in order to make their stay better: free Wi-Fi, free parking, refrigerator and microwave in room, free continental breakfast, and indoor pool.
1. Which hotel provides free cable television?
A. Econo Lodge Conway SC B. Myrtle Waves Water Park
C. Comfort Suites-Myrtle Beach D. Best Western Grand Strand Inn & Suites
2. What can you do in Best Western Grand Strand Inn & Suites?
A. Exercise in a fitness center. B. Swim in an indoor pool.
C. Park your car free of charge. D. Enjoy free lunch.
3. Which item does the Econo Lodge provide?.
A. An outdoor swimming pool. B. Cookers for heating food.
C. Free breakfasts with fruits. D. Entertainment ticket service.
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。介绍了一些旅馆的基本情况。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据对Comfort Suites-Myrtle Beach介绍中的Free Wi-Fi is provided across the property, and guests can enjoy free cable television in each room.(酒店提供免费Wi-Fi，客人可以在每个房间享受免费有线电视。)可知，Comfort Suites-Myrtle Beach提供免费的有线电视。故选C。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据对Best Western Grand Strand Inn & Suites介绍中的The hotel features a fitness center, an outdoor heated pool, a hot tub, and free breakfast.(酒店设有健身中心、室外恒温游泳池、热水浴缸和免费早餐。)可知，在 Best Western Grand Strand Inn & Suites你可以在健身中心锻炼。故选A。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据对Econo Lodge Conway SC介绍中的This lodge offers some great special features for their guests to enjoy in order to make their stay better: free Wi-Fi, free parking, refrigerator and microwave in room, free continental breakfast, and indoor pool.(为了让客人住得更好，酒店为客人提供了一些非常棒的特色设施：免费Wi-Fi、免费停车场、室内冰箱和微波炉、免费欧式早餐和室内游泳池。)可知，该酒店提供了加热食物用的炊具。故选B。
B
I am a putterer—a person spending a lot of time doing things people usually consider unimportant in a relaxed way. However, I don’t think puttering is wasting my time. It is a satisfying way of dealing with one’s domestic environment in a way one cannot do with the world at large.
As a father, I’ve had a difficult time communicating this to my college-age son. Tom recently bought a used car. I was proud of him for negotiating a good deal. When I looked it over, I noticed a tiny spot of rust (锈). Like a superhero out to save the day, I rushed toward the imperfection with a piece of sandpaper and a small bottle of clear nail polish from my puttering resources. Tom watched as I sanded the spot and then coated it with the nail polish. He rolled his eyes. ''You'll understand someday,” I told him.
As a rule, I do not usually conduct such public performances. Puttering is, in brief, a solitary(独自进行的) act, and putterers are modest people. They observe small things that most folks simply tolerate ---- a picture hung not in a straight position, a door not shutting well, a shaky table leg It doesn't take much effort or time to right such deficiencies. But once again, there is something in the sensibility of the putterer that makes correcting them deeply rewarding.
All of this risks giving an impression of endless and perhaps mindless activity. But nothing could be further from the truth. The beauty of puttering is that it is a symbol of having control over one’s time, responding to the needs of one’s home as one sees fit: If I don’t fix the shaky kitchen table today, I can do it tomorrow, or the next day, or not at all. Puttering, you might say, has set me free.
4. Which of the following best describes Tom’s attitude toward his father’s puttering?
A. Disapproval. B. Admiration.
C. Gratitude. D. Embarrassment.
5. What do we know about the author?
A. He is extremely strict with his son. B. He shows interest in collecting old things.
C. He has an observing eye for small things. D. He often overlooks others’ imperfections.
6. Which of the following word is closest in meaning to the underlined word “deficiencies” in paragraph 3?
A. Consequences. B. Obstacles.
C. Inconveniences. D. Drawbacks.
7. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. The Benefits of Puttering B. My Enjoyment of Puttering
C. Puttering，Wasting Time D. Puttering, My Daily Life
【答案】4. A 5. C 6. D 7. B
【解析】
这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。短文主要叙述了作者是一个悠闲地做琐碎事的人，作者很享受自己的状态。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段末尾内容“Tom watched as I sanded the spot and then coated it with the nail polish. He rolled his eyes.”可知汤姆看着父亲用砂纸打磨那块地方，然后在上面涂上指甲油，他翻了个白眼。因此可以推知，Tom对于作者磨蹭行为的不屑，不赞成的，选项A. Disapproval.(反对)说明了Tom的态度。故选A项。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段内容“They observe small things that most folks simply tolerate ---- a picture hung not in a straight position, a door not shutting well, a shaky table leg”可知作者 需要观察那些大多数人都能容忍的小事——一幅画挂得不正，一扇门关不上，一条桌子腿在颤抖，因此判断出，他是一个善于观察小事的人，有敏锐的观察力。故选C项。
【6题详解】
词义猜测题。根据划线单词之前的such可知，“such deficiencies”应是指代前文提及的“a picture hung not in a straight position, a door not shutting well, a shaky table leg(一幅画挂得不正，一扇门关不上，一条桌子腿在颤抖)”，因此，可以推知deficiencies应是“缺陷；缺点”含义，与选项D. Drawbacks(缺点)含义相同。故选D项。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。文章结构为总分总结构，末段再次呼应文章主旨：The beauty of puttering is that it is a symbol of having control over one’s time, responding to the needs of one’s home as one sees fit: If I don’t fix the shaky kitchen table today, I can do it tomorrow, or the next day, or not at all. Puttering, you might say, has set me free. (“磨蹭”的美妙之处在于，它象征着你可以控制自己的时间，以自己认为合适的方式回应家里的需要：如果我今天不修理摇摇晃晃的厨房桌子，我明天就可以做，或者第二天，或者根本就不做。你可能会说，磨蹭让我获得了自由。)可知，本文的主要内容讲述了作者对于自己的悠闲地做琐碎事的人的理解和感悟。选项B. “享受悠闲地做琐碎事”贴合主题，为最佳标题。故选B项。
C
A new wave of psychological research is pioneering Virtual Reality (VR) to treat medical conditions from social anxiety to Alzheimer's disease.
Riding a wave of interest in mental health tech, companies creating VR content for treatment are receiving a flood of attention and funding. And, while VR has been used successfully to treat post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) since the 1990s, these new programs address a much broader range of conditions. The library of Palo Alto-based Limbix, for instance, includes VR content designed to treat issues including alcohol addiction and teenage depression. Barcelona-based Psious offers treatments for eating disorders.
Today's VR content is primarily designed to aid exposure treatment, a treatment for anxiety disorders in which patients are exposed to the “threats” they're worried about in a safe, controlled environment, eventually learning that the “threats” are not actually very dangerous. For example, someone who fears heights might visit taller and taller buildings under the guidance of their doctor, while someone with PTSD might revisit painful memories.
VR allows doctors to create a safe and controlled environment inside a VR headset. It's a far safer, quicker and less expensive option. Using VR also gives doctors much more control over the intensity(强度)of their patients' experiences, which can lead to better treatment outcomes, said Stephane Bouchard, a professor at the University of Quebec. VR treatment patients can also do things they couldn't do in the real world. “In one of our studies, we asked patients who are afraid of heights to actually jump from a cliff,” Bouchard said.
However, not all VR treatment content is created equal. “Some companies show videos of VR environments that are incomplete, untested and definitely haven't been tried out by psychologists,” Bouchard said. Clearer rules and standards will make it easier for patients and doctors to identify products that work.
8. What problems can VR be used to treat according to the passage?
A. The fear of heights blood pressure and eating disorders.
B. Social anxiety, PTSD and alcohol addiction.
C. Alzheimer's disease, heart attack and teenage depression.
D. Sleeping disorders, deafness and computer addiction.
9. What is the main idea of Para 4?
A. The benefits of using VR treatment. B. The principles of using V R treatment.
C. The side effects of using VR treatment. D. The causes of using VR treatment.
10. Which word can be used to describe the future of VR treatment?
A. Passive. B. Uncertain. C. Promising. D. Worrying.
11. What will be most probably discussed in the paragraph following the passage?
A. Wide use of VR treatment. B. Criteria of VR treatment.
C. Problems VR treatment are facing. D. Reasons why VR treatment standards are needed.
【答案】8. B 9. A 10. C 11. B
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。作者主要向读者介绍了新一轮的心理学研究正在开创虚拟现实的先河，他们试着用虚拟现实来治疗从社交焦虑到老年痴呆症的各种疾病。文章主要介绍了虚拟现实的治疗法以及虚拟现实治疗法也存在一定的弊端。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的“pioneering Virtual Reality (VR) to treat medical conditions from social anxiety to Alzheimer's disease.”和第二段的“VR content designed to treat issues including alcohol addiction and teenage depression. Barcelona-based Psious offers treatments for eating disorders. ”和第三段的“For example, someone who fears heights might visit taller and taller buildings under the guidance of their doctor, while someone with PTSD might revisit painful memories. ”可知，VR可用来治疗从社交焦虑到老年痴呆、酒精上瘾、青少年抑郁、饮食紊乱、恐高和PTSD（创伤后应激障碍）。A选项中的blood pressure；C选项中的heart attack；D选项中的deafness不在治疗范围之类，排除。故选B。
【9题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第四段的VR allows doctors to create a safe and controlled environment inside a VR headset. It's a far safer, quicker and less expensive option.(虚拟现实允许医生在虚拟现实耳机中创建一个安全和可控的环境。这是一个更安全、更快捷、更便宜的选择。) 可知，文章第四段主要讲使用VR治疗法所带来的好处。A. The benefits of using VR treatment. 使用VR治疗法的好处；B. The principles of using VR treatment. 使用VR治疗法的原则；C. The side effects of using VR treatment.使用VR治疗法的副作用；D.The causes of using VR treatment.使用VR治疗法的原因。故选A。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。文中除去最后一个自然段都在讲述使用VR治疗法的优势，最后一个自然段虽然讲述了VR治疗法也存在一些弊端，但经过改正，这是可以杜绝的，且文章最后一句Clearer rules and standards will make it easier for patients and doctors to identify products that work. 说明更加清晰的规则和标准将使得医生和病人鉴别起效的产品更加便捷。综上可推断VR治疗法的前景一片光明。A. Passive被动的；B. Uncertain不确定的；C. Promising有前途的，有希望的；D. Worrying担忧的，忧虑的。故选C。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一句Clearer rules and standards will make it easier for patients and doctors to identify products that work.(更清晰的规则和标准将使病人和医生更容易鉴别出起效的产品。)由此判断出，接下来的文段应该要讲述VR治疗法的标准。A. Wide use of VR treatment. VR治疗法的广泛使用；B. Criteria of VR treatment. VR治疗法的标准；C. Problems VR treatment are facing. VR治疗法正面对的问题；D. Reasons why VR treatment standards are needed. VR治疗法标准被需要的原因。故选B。
【点睛】推断判断题就是推断隐含意义，根据文章的某个句子、段落或全文所提供的事实进行逻辑推理，推断出作者没有提到、没有明说或者可能发生的事实。推理判断题的题干特点：推断隐含意义的题干中常含infer（推断），suggest（暗示），imply（暗示），indicate（暗示），conclude（推断，得出结论）等词语。它的主要解题方法 就是找到推理的依据，然后理解相关信息点的字面意义，最后结合语境和常识，在字面意义的基础上进行符合逻辑的推断，从而得到作者的言外之意。如第3小题，文中除去最后一个自然段都在讲述使用VR治疗法的优势，最后一个自然段虽然讲述了VR治疗法也存在一些弊端，但经过改正，这是可以杜绝的，且文章最后一句Clearer rules and standards will make it easier for patients and doctors to identify products that work. 说明更加清晰的规则和标准将使得医生和病人鉴别起效的产品更加便捷。综上可推断VR治疗法的前景一片光明。A. Passive被动的；B. Uncertain不确定的；C. Promising有前途的，有希望的；D. Worrying担忧的，忧虑的。故选C。
D
Many people avoid apologizing because admitting to wrongdoing makes them uncomfortable. “We like to view ourselves as good people-as kind and considerate,” says Ryan Fehr, a professor at the University of Washington. “Apologies force us to admit to ourselves that we don't always live up to our own standards. We might also fear that the victim won't accept our apology, further damaging our positive sense of self. For these reasons, an apology can be very difficult to give.”
For many, apologizing is stressful, awkward and uncomfortable. But a heartfelt apology has positive effects. It can improve your mental health, repair damaged relationships and promote self-esteem. “Apology acts as a signal of one's moral character,” Fehr says.
Researchers at Ohio State University have determined that effective apologies have five elements: expressing regret, explaining what went wrong, acknowledging responsibility, offering to repair the situation and requesting forgiveness. All five aren't necessary every time. “The more of those elements were included, the more likely the apology was seen as convincing,” says Roy Lewicki, the lead study author. “Acknowledgement of responsibility turned out to be the most important piece, followed by an explanation of why it happened and declaration of regret.”
“Sometimes, an immediate apology is called for,” says Antony Manstead, a psychology professor at Cardiff University. “But if the other party is angry at your wrongdoing, it may be more effective to wait, because their anger may stop them accepting an apology. Some research suggests that a delay increases an apology's effectiveness because it conveys that the wrongdoer has had time to reflect on. his/her misdeeds,” says Mara Olekalns, a professor of management at Melbourne Business School. “The best time to apologize is when one feels ready to sincerely apologize,” says Etienne Mullet, research director of the Ethics and Work Laboratory at the Institute of Advanced Studies. “There is nothing worse in these situations than insincere apologies.”
12. Why do many people feel uncomfortable to apologize?
A. They are kind and considerate people. B. They are afraid of losing face.
C. They believe themselves right. D. They have high moral standards.
13. What is the most important when it comes to making an effective apology?
A. To express regret. B. To express what went wrong.
C. To accept responsibility. D. To request forgiveness.
14. What can be inferred about an apology from the last paragraph?
A. The sooner, the better. B. The later, the better.
C. The more often, the better. D. The more genuine, the better.
15. What is the passage mainly about?
A. How you can make an effective apology. B. Why people avoid apologizing.
C. What benefits you can get from an apology. D. When you can make a heartfelt apology.
【答案】12. B 13. C 14. D 15. A
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了许多人拒绝道歉，因为道歉使他们很丢面子。但是，道歉是一个人道德品质的标志，本文就作出有效的道歉进行了说明——要承担责任、越真诚越好。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段第一句For many, apologizing is stressful, awkward and uncomfortable. 可知，对许多人来说，道歉是一种有压力的、尴尬的和不舒服的行为。根据stressful, awkward and uncomfortable可知，许多人认为道歉是很丢面子的事情。故选B。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句Acknowledgement of responsibility turned out to be the most important piece, followed by an explanation of why it happened and declaration of regret.可知，对责任的承认是最重要的一件事，接着是对其发生原因的解释和对其表示遗憾。所以，说到有效的道歉，最重要的是承担责任。故选C。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句There is nothing worse in these situations than insincere apologies. 可知，在这种情况下，没有什么比不真诚的道歉更糟糕的了。由此判断出道歉时，越诚恳越好。故选D。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。文章第一段讲述了许多人拒绝道歉，因为道歉使他们很丢面子。第二段讲述但真诚的道歉有积极的影响。 它可以改善你的心理健康，修复受损的关系，促进自尊。三、四两段就作出有效的道歉进行了说明——要承担责任、越真诚越好。因此，选项A符合本文大意：怎样才能有效地道歉。故选A。
第二节 七选五（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填人空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
Getting along with people can be tough. The following are some suggestions that can help you in some way.
Accept human nature. Humans make mistakes. People aren’t always nice. They also have all of the problems that you have in your life. ___16___This is important to remember when you’ re trying to get along with people who are very difficult or seem to be ignoring you; everyone is just doing the best that they can.
___17___ People are all very different: that’s what makes life interesting. And just like people are all different, the world is also very complex. Every situation is different, always. Just because someone doesn’t make the choice that you would make or just because they take a less efficient or smart path to get where they’re going doesn’t make them wrong.
Practice forgiveness. Forgive people when they do make mistakes. Sometimes you just have to stop and give people the benefit of the doubt (to believe someone even though you are not sure whether what the person is saying is true). They might really be sorry or they might really not know that what they did was bad. ___18___
Keep an open mind. Sometimes you have to give people the benefit of the doubt. ___19___For example, when people invite you to parties, really consider going instead of just brushing the invitation aside because you don’t think they’re serious.
Do something together. ___20___You can work together on a project for school or work. You can also try a new activity together. These activities will give you more to talk about and lots of chances to interact and get to know each other.
A. Think about what your words really mean.
B. Respect that there are lots of valid choices.
C. Everyone is dealing with their own set of problems.
D. Co-operation is a great way to bond with people and make friends.
E. You have to forgive them so that you can move on to happier feelings.
F. You might think that they hate you but they might be honestly trying to be nice to you.
G. Even when someone’s making you mad, thank them for their suggestions or their effort to
【答案】16. C 17. B 18. E 19. F 20. D
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了与人交往时的建议。
【16题详解】
设空句在段中，应起承前启后的作用。根据前文“They also have all of the problems that you have in your life.”可知，每个人都会有自己的问题，因此设空句应呼应前文内容“problems”，且根据后文解释“when you’ re trying to get along with people who are very difficult or seem to be ignoring you(当你努力与那些很难相处或似乎忽视你的人相处时)”可推知设空处应提及被忽略有可能是在别人在花时间解决自己的问题。选项C. Everyone is dealing with their own set of problems.( 每个人都在处理自己的问题。)符合语境分析。故选C项。
【17题详解】
设空在段首，应是本段主旨句。根据后文“People are all very different: that’s what makes life interesting. And just like people are all different, the world is also very complex. Every situation is different, always. Just because someone doesn’t make the choice that you would make or just because they take a less efficient or smart path to get where they’re going doesn’t make them wrong.( 每个人都是不同的：这就是生活有趣的地方。就像人都是不同的，世界也是非常复杂的。每一种情况总是不同的。仅仅因为某人没有做出你会做出的选择，或者只是因为他们选择了一条效率较低或更聪明的道路去到达他们要去的地方，这并没有什么错。)”可知，本段的主题为其他人和你不一样并没有错。选项B. Respect that there are lots of valid choices.“对他们的各种选择表示尊重”贴合本段标题。故选B项。
【18题详解】
设空在段末，应呼应本段主旨句。根据主旨句“Practice forgiveness.”可知，本段在讲述原谅，且结合前文“They might really be sorry or they might really not know that what they did was bad.”可知他们可能真的很抱歉，也可能他们不知道他们所做的是坏事，因此要学会原谅。选项E. You have to forgive them so that you can move on to happier feelings.( 你必须原谅他们，这样你才能走向更幸福的感觉。)符合语境，呼应主旨。故选E项。
【19题详解】
设空句在段中，应对主旨句进行进一步解释，根据主旨句“Keep an open mind. (保持心胸开阔)”可知，要心胸开阔，且后文举例“For example, when people invite you to parties, really consider going instead of just brushing the invitation aside because you don’t think they’re serious.( 例如，当人们邀请你参加聚会时，要真正地考虑去参加，而不是因为你不认为他们是认真的而把邀请放在一边。)”是在阐述要相信别人是在真诚的对待你。选项F. You might think that they hate you but they might be honestly trying to be nice to you.( 你可能认为他们讨厌你，但他们可能是真心想对你好。)与举例内容相呼应，符合语境。故选F项。
【20题详解】
设空在主旨句之后，应对主旨句进行进一步解释且出现其原词或同义词。根据主旨句“Do something together.”在讲合作，选项D. Co-operation is a great way to bond with people and make friends.( 合作是与人交往和交朋友的好方法。)中co-operation与主旨句中“work together”含义相同，符合语境。故选D项。
第三部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节：完形填空（共210小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空 白处的敁佳选项。
Imagine an area 34 times the size of Manhattan. Now imagine it covered ankle-deep in plastic waste.That’s a total of about 19 billion pounds of___21___. And according to one of the best estimates available, that’s how much plastic waste___22___in our oceans every year.
"We're being___23___by our waste,” said Jenna Jam beck, an/a ___24___engineer who led the 2015 study that announced this shocking number. According to Jambeck’s research, this___25___will double by 2025 unless something is done,___26___and at a global scale, to stop the tide of garbage.
Plastic has in many ways been a good help to humanity, used in all walks of ___27___from medical equipment to parts of airplanes. ___28___some of the very traits (特性)that have made plastics so popular have also made them a___29___ problem in our landfills and oceans. Today， plastics are the No. 1 type of trash found in the sea. Ocean Conservancy, a nonprofit environmental advocacy group that organizes a yearly____30____cleanup event in more than 150 countries worldwide, said plastic pieces ____31____around 85 percent of all the garbage collected from beaches waterways and oceans — and that’s just the stuff we can ____32____.
Ocean Conservancy says plastics are believed to ____33____at least 600 different wildlife ____34____. One in three leatherback turtles, which often ____35____plastic bags for edible(可吃的) jellyfish, have been found with plastic in their bellies. In 2017, a ____36____ whale beached on Norway’s coast had 30 plastic bags in its____37____. Ninety percent of seabirds are now eating ____38____on a regular basis. By 2050, that figure is expected to rise to 100 percent.
And it’s not ____39____ wildlife that’s threatened by the plastics in our seas. A growing body of evidence suggests humans are consuming plastics through the seafood we eat.
With this in mind，experts say that all of us have a ____40____role to play in relieving the issue — in ways both big and small.
21. A. seaweed B. seafood C. garbage D. money
22. A. comes from B. ends up C. takes out D. put away
23. A. trapped B. controlled C. surrounded D. destroyed
24. A. medical B. technical C. agricultural D. environmental
25. A. figure B. waste C. price D. cost
26. A. swiftly B. slowly C. hurriedly D. unexpectedly
27. A. time B. education C. technology D. life
28. A. While B. So C. But D. And
29. A. changing B. growing C. moving D. touching
30. A. scientific B. coastal C. general D. tiny
31. A. picks up B. takes up C. makes up D. brings up
32. A. see B. eat C. hide D. search
33. A. influence B. damage C. increase D. threaten
34. A. plants B. animals C. protection D. species
35. A. mistake B. look C. regard D. recognize
36. A. vivid B. deadly C. dead D. lively
37. A. mouth B. stomach C. head D. tail
38. A. waste B. rubbish C. nothing D. plastics
39. A. just B. always C. really D. constantly
40. A. unique B. critical C. reasonable D. natural
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. C 24. D 25. A 26. A 27. D 28. C 29. B 30. B 31. C 32. A 33. D 34. D 35. A 36. C 37. B 38. D 39. A 40. B
【解析】
这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了大量的塑料垃圾对于海洋以及与海洋有关的各种生物包括人在内的威胁，其已然成为一种危机，需要立即采取行动缓解这个问题。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这总共是大约190亿磅的垃圾。A. seaweed海草；B. seafood海鲜；C. garbage垃圾；废话；D. money金钱。根据前文“Now imagine it covered ankle-deep in plastic waste.”可知，这里在讲述曼哈顿区域它被齐踝深的塑料垃圾所覆盖，因此本句在讲述垃圾之多。故选C项。
【22题详解】
考查动词词组辨析。句意：根据现有最好的估计之一，那就是每年有多少塑料垃圾进入我们的海洋。A. comes from 来自；B. ends up结束；倒闭；C. takes out除掉；取得（贷款、许可、保险等）；D. put away把……收拾起来。根据前文“Imagine an area 34 times the size of Manhattan. Now imagine it covered ankle-deep in plastic waste.( 想象一个面积是曼哈顿34倍的区域。现在想象一下，它被埋在齐踝深的塑料垃圾里。)以及“in our oceans every year”可知，在描述的是我们扔掉的塑料垃圾在以海洋为归宿。故选B项。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我们正被垃圾包围，”詹娜·詹姆·贝克(Jenna Jam beck)说，她是一名环境工程师，领导了2015年的一项研究，该研究公布了这个令人震惊的数字。A. trapped诱骗；抓捕；B. controlled控制；C. surrounded包围；D. destroyed毁坏。根据后文“at a global scale, to stop the tide of garbage.除非在除非在全球范围内迅速采取措施阻止垃圾的泛滥。)”可知，她所带领的研究团队公布的惊人数字应是上文提及的垃圾数量，其数量之大使得她认为我们正在被垃圾包围。故选C项。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意“我们正被垃圾包围，”詹娜·詹姆·贝克(Jenna Jam beck)说，她是一名环境工程师，领导了2015年的一项研究，该研究公布了这个令人震惊的数字。A. medical医学的; 医疗的；B. technical技术的; 工艺的；技巧的；C. agricultural农业的；D. environmental环保的。根据后文“who led the 2015 study that announced this shocking number(她领导了2015年的一项研究，该研究宣布了这个令人震惊的数字。)”可知她应该是从事环保有关的工作。故选D项。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：根据Jambeck的研究，这个数字到2025年将会翻倍，除非在全球范围内迅速采取措施阻止垃圾的泛滥。A. figure数字；B. waste废物; 废水；C. price价格；D. cost费用；成本。根据空前的this为指示代词，且结合空后的动词“double(使加倍; 翻倍)”可知，应是指代前文中提及的“a total of about 19 billion pounds of(garbage)”中的数字。故选A项。
【26题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：根据Jambeck的研究，这个数字到2025年将会翻倍，除非在全球范围内迅速采取措施阻止垃圾的泛滥。A. swiftly很快地；敏捷地；即刻；B. slowly缓慢地，慢慢地；C. hurriedly匆忙地；仓促地；D. unexpectedly出乎意料地，意外地。根据前文“this___5_(figure)will double by 2025 unless something is done”可知，要阻止这种增长速度就要迅速立即采取措施。故选A项。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：塑料在很多方面都对人类有很大的帮助，从医疗设备到飞机零部件的各行各业都在使用塑料。A. time时间；B. education教育；C. technology技术；D. life生命；生活。根据后文“from medical equipment to parts of airplanes(从医疗设备到飞机部件)”可知，本句在强调塑料存在在各行各业。“all walks of life”，固定结构，意为“各行各业”。故选D项。
28题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：但是正是这些特性使得塑料如此受欢迎，也使得它们在我们的垃圾填埋场和海洋中成为一个日益严重的问题。A. While当……时候；然而；B. So因此；C. But但是；D. And而且。根据后文“some of the very traits that have made plastics so popular have also made them a___9__ problem in our landfills and oceans.”可知使塑料如此受欢迎的一些特性也使它们成为垃圾填埋场和海洋中的难题，因此与前句为转折关系。故选C项。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是正是这些特性使得塑料如此受欢迎，也使得它们在我们的垃圾填埋场和海洋中成为一个日益严重的问题。A. changing变化的；B. growing增加的；C. moving感人的； D. touching感人的。根据后文“Today, plastics are the No. 1 type of trash found in the sea.”可知塑料是海洋中发现的第一类垃圾，因此对于海洋和陆地来说，塑料是一种不断增长的难题。故选B项。
【30题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：非营利环保组织海洋保护协会(Ocean Conservancy)每年在全球150多个国家组织一次海岸清理活动，该组织表示，从海滩、水道和海洋收集的垃圾中，约85%是塑料碎片——这只是我们可以搜索到的东西。A. scientific科学的；B. coastal沿海的；C. general大体的；D. tiny微小的。根据该组织名词“Ocean Conservancy”为海洋保护协会，因此他们应是沿海清理垃圾。故选B项。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：非营利环保组织海洋保护协会(Ocean Conservancy)每年在全球150多个国家组织一次海岸清理活动，该组织表示，从海滩、水道和海洋收集的垃圾中，约85%是塑料碎片——这只是我们可以搜索的东西。A. picks up拾起；（毫不费力）学会；B. takes up占用；开始从事；C. makes up构成；弥补；D. brings up养育；提出。根据后文“around 85 percent of all the garbage collected from beaches waterways and oceans(约占海滩、水道和海洋垃圾总量的85%)”可知，在讲述塑料垃圾的占有量。选项B. take up虽有“占用；占有”含义，但其占用的是时间、空间或精力，选项C. make up有“构成；组成”含义，符合语境。故选C项。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：非营利环保组织海洋保护协会(Ocean Conservancy)每年在全球150多个国家组织一次海岸清理活动，该组织表示，从海滩、水道和海洋收集的垃圾中，约85%是塑料碎片——这只是我们可以看见的东西。A. see看见；B. eat吃；C. hide隐藏；D. search寻找。根据前文“collected from beaches waterways and oceans-- and that’s just the stuff”可知发言人在强调这个占比只是从海滩，水路和海洋收集来的可以看得见的垃圾。故选A项。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：海洋保护协会说，塑料被认为至少威胁到600种不同的野生动物。A. influence影响；B. damage毁坏；C. increase增加；D. threaten威胁。根据后文解释“One in three leatherback turtles, which often ___15___plastic bags for edible jellyfish, have been found with plastic in their bellies.”可知人们发现，三分之一的棱皮龟的腹部都有塑料制品，因此海洋里的塑料垃圾对于海洋生物来说是有威胁的。故选D项。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：海洋保护协会说，塑料被认为至少威胁到600种不同的野生动物。A. plants植物；B. animals动物；C. protection保护；D. species物种。根据后文举例“leatherback turtles”“whale”，“seabirds”可知，本段举例为不同种类野生动物。B项 animals虽有“动物”含义，但不包括鸟类、鱼类、昆虫和人类；D项species意为“物种；生物”，含义更广，符合语境。故选D项。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：三分之一的棱皮龟经常把塑料袋误认为可食用的水母，它们的腹部被发现有塑料。A. mistake误认为；B. look看；C. regard 看待；D. recognize辨认。根据“plastic bags for edible jellyfish”可知，这种海龟把塑料袋误认为是可以吃的水母，mistake sth for sth，“把某物误认为某物”。故选A项。
【36题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：2017年，在挪威海岸搁浅的一头死掉的鲸鱼胃里有30个塑料袋。A. vivid生动的；B. deadly致命的；致死的；C. dead死的；D. lively活泼的。根据后文“beached on Norway’s coast(在挪威海岸搁浅)”且后文“had 30 plastic bags(有30个塑料袋)”说明该鲸鱼吞食了塑料袋死掉了才会在海岸搁浅。故选C项。
【37题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：2017年，在挪威海岸搁浅的一头鲸鱼胃里有30个塑料袋。A. mouth嘴；B. stomach胃部；C. head头；D. tail尾巴。根据前文“had 30 plastic bags”可知，应是有30个塑料袋被吃了，在其胃部发现。故选B项。
【38题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：百分之九十的海鸟经常食用塑料。A. waste废物; 废水；B. rubbish垃圾；C. nothing无关紧要的事；D. plastics塑料。根据本段中心句“Ocean Conservancy says plastics are believed to ___13__at least 600 different wildlife….”可知，本段在讲述塑料垃圾对于各种生物的威胁，因此本句应是在表明很多海鸟以塑料垃圾为食。故选D项。
【39题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：不仅仅是野生动物受到海洋塑料的威胁。A. just仅仅；只是；B. always总是；C. really 真正地；D. constantly不断地；时常地。根据后文“A growing body of evidence suggests humans are consuming plastics through the seafood we eat.( 越来越多的证据表明，人类通过食用海鲜来消费塑料。)”可知，不仅仅是野生动物，人类也受到海洋里塑料垃圾的威胁。故选A项。
【40题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：考虑到这一点，专家们表示，我们所有人在缓解这一问题上都可以发挥关键作用——在大大小小的方面都可以发挥作用。A. unique独特的；B. critical批评的；关键的；C. reasonable合理的；D. natural自然的。根据后文“play in relieving the issue”可知，在缓解海洋塑料垃圾问题方面，每个人都发挥关键的重要的作用。故选B项。
第二节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
“Beep!” This is one of the most maddening computer games I’ve ever played. I’ m tracking a flock of birds, and when I hit___41___right one, it explodes with a ___42___(satisfy) “phut” sound. But as I get better at spotting them, the birds scatter even more___43___ (crazy) across the screen, and I hear that unforgiving “beep” sound: You missed.
Frankly, I, as a middle-aged gentleman, feel like giving up. But many players don’t dare___44___this is Hawk-Eye, a brain-training program which claims it can ___45___(sharp) people’s brain by simply getting faster at mouse-clicking. Formal tests have found that older people ___46___play enough hours of this particular kind of game have fewer car___47___(crash) and even, apparently, a ___48___(low) risk of dementia (痴呆症).
Until recently, we thought that the brain cells we were born___49___ were a lifetime quota (定量)and that brains became fixed in adulthood. But in the past decade, with the help of MRI scans and experiments on mice and monkeys, scientists______50______(confirm) that the human brain remains plastic throughout life.
【答案】41. the
42. satisfying / satisfactory
43. crazily
44. because
45. sharpen
46. who / that
47. crashes
48. lower 49. with
50. have confirmed
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要通过作者的游戏经历介绍了一个大脑训练项目—Hawk-Eye，同时提及了科学家们证实人类的大脑在一生中都是有可塑性。
【41题详解】
考查冠词。句意：我正在追踪一群鸟，当我击中正确的那只时，它会发出一声令人满意的“砰”声。结合句意分析可知，此处的“right one”应是之前提及“a flock of birds”中的其中正确的一只才会发出“phut sound”，因此设空处应表述特指含义 。故填the。
【42题详解】
考查形容词。句意：我正在追踪一群鸟，当我击中正确的那只时，它会发出一声令人满意的“砰”声。根据短语结构“a+_________+名词”，可知，所填空应是形容词作定语修饰之后的名词。satisfy，动词，其形容词为“satisfying(令人满意的)”和“satisfactory(令人满意的; 合适的)”，均符合结构，修饰之后表述“物”的名词“phut sound”。故填satisfying / satisfactory。
【43题详解】
考查副词。句意：但当我越来越善于发现它们时，鸟儿更疯狂地在屏幕上四散飞开，我听到了那无情的“哔”声：你错输了。分析可知，所填空应是副词作状语修饰动词“scatter(散开)”。故填crazily。
【44题详解】
考查连词。句意：但许多玩家不敢，因为这是鹰眼，一个大脑训练项目，声称它可以通过加快鼠标点击速度来提高人们的大脑。分析可知，设空前后句之间为因果关系，因为这是一个叫做“Hawk-Eye”的大脑训练项目而不敢放弃。故填because。
【45题详解】
考查动词。句意：但许多玩家不敢，因为这是鹰眼，一个大脑训练项目，声称它可以通过加快鼠标点击速度来使大脑敏弱。分析可知，所填空应与之前情态动词can一起担当从句谓语，应填动词原形。故填sharpen。
【46题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：正式的测试发现，经常玩这类游戏的老年人很少出车祸，甚至患痴呆症的风险也明显较低。分析可知，“___6___play enough hours of this particular kind of game”应是之前名词“older people”的定语从句，先行词在从句中作主语，可用关系代词who/that引导。故填who / that。
【47题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：正式的测试发现，经常玩这类游戏的老年人很少出车祸，甚至患痴呆症的风险也明显较低。分析可知，car crash，“车祸”，其中crash意为“撞车”，为可数名词，且有fewer修饰，应用复数形式。故填crashes。
【48题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意：正式的测试发现，经常玩这类游戏的老年人很少出车祸，甚至患痴呆症的风险也明显较低根据“have fewer car___7___(crash)”可知，本句含有比较含义，因此应填比较级。故填lower。
【49题详解】
考查介词。be born with，“天生具有”，固定结构。故填with。
【50题详解】
考查时态。句意：但是在过去的十年里，通过核磁共振扫描和在老鼠和猴子身上的实验，科学家们证实人类的大脑在一生中都是有可塑性的。分析可知，所填动词为句中谓语，根据时间状语“in the past decade”可知，应用现在完成时。故填have confirmed。
【点睛】语法填空题之形容词比较级
方法归纳：若括号中所给的是形容词或副词，有可能考查其比较等级或最高级；注意than或比较级的修饰词等标志性词或上下文中暗含的比较；其次还要注意一些特殊句式，如：the＋比较级，the＋比较级；“否定词(can’t/couldn’t＋比较级”表示最高级等。比如文章的第8小题：
Formal tests have found that older people ___6(who/that)___ play enough hours of this particular kind of game have fewer car ___7(crashes)___ (crash) and even, apparently, a ___8___ (low) risk of dementia.
分析可知，根据前文“fewer”说明上下文中暗含比较，因此所填形容词low应用比较级形式。故填lower。
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题l分，满分10分）
51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：
1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Our school offers a variety of activities to students after school, especially arts activities. There are lots of music club on campus. In my great delight, I have joined the orchestra there I have made lots of new friends. Sometime, we represent our school in regional competitions and that is worthwhile to join in these contests. Amazingly, we also have a robotics club, which wins a national robot contest last month so it is getting increasing popular at present. In addition, academic clubs are offered as well, include the writing club and the French film club.
Although we have much burden of homework, but we still manage to take active part in various activities after school.
【答案】1.club→clubs
2.In→To
3.there→where
4.Sometime→Sometimes
5.that→it
6.wins→won
7.increasing→increasingly
8.include→including
9.去掉but
10.take后加an
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要通过作者的视角介绍了学校为学生提供各种课外活动，尤其是艺术活动，学生们都在积极努力参与其中。
【详解】1.考查名词。句意：校园里有很多音乐俱乐部。club为可数名词，在根据“lots of”可知，应用名词复数。故将club改为clubs。
2.考查介词。句意：使我非常高兴的是，我加入了乐队，在那里我结交了许多新朋友。to one’s delight，“令某人高兴的是”，固定结构。故将In改为To。
3.考查定语从句。句意：使我非常高兴的是，我加入了乐队，在那里我结交了许多新朋友。分析可知，“I have made lots of new friends”应是之前名词“the orchestra”的定语从句，先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故将there改为where。
4.考查副词。句意：有时，我们代表学校参加地区性的比赛，参加这些比赛是值得的。分析可知，频率副词位于句首作状语，sometime虽为副词，但意为“某个时候”，与句意表达不符，应用sometimes，意为“有时”。故将Sometime改为Sometimes。
5.考查it作形式主语。句意：有时，我们代表学校参加地区性的比赛，参加这些比赛是值得的。分析可知，句子主语是“to join in these contests”，因此应用it作形式主语。故将that改为it。
6.考查时态。句意：令人惊讶的是，我们还有一个机器人俱乐部，它赢得了上个月的全国机器人比赛，所以它现在越来越受欢迎。分析可知，从句时间状语为“last month”，应用一般过去时。故将wins改为won。
7.考查副词。句意：令人惊讶的是，我们还有一个机器人俱乐部，它赢得了上个月的全国机器人比赛，所以它现在越来越受欢迎。副词作状语修饰形容词popular。故将increasing改为increasingly。
8.考查介词。句意：此外，还有学术俱乐部，包括写作俱乐部和法国电影俱乐部。including为介词后接名词。include改为including。
9.考查连词。句意：虽然我们有很多的家庭作业的负担，但我们仍然设法积极参加各种活动放学后。分析可知，“although we have much burden of homework”应是让步状语从句，表达转折含义，其后主句无需but作为连词。故将but去掉。
10.考查冠词。句意：虽然我们有很多的家庭作业的负担，但我们仍然设法积极参加各种活动放学后。take an active part in，“积极参加”，active首字母的发音为元音音素。故在take后加an。
【点睛】短文改错口诀之--动词
主要包括两类错误：动词的时态和语态错误，以及主、谓不一致的错误。找出此类错误的关键是树立牢固的时态概念，注意短文内容发生或存在的时间，保持时间概念的一致性。比如文章的第6处错误：
Amazingly, we also have a robotics club, which wins a national robot contest last month so it is getting increasing popular at present.
分析可知，“which wins a national robot contest last month…”应是定语从句，从句中的时间词为last month，因此，从句谓语应用一般过去时。因此wins用错，应改为won。
第二节：书面表达（满分2S分）
52.假如你是李华，你的英国朋友Tom得知你将要作为交换生去他们的学校学习，特意来信表示欢迎，并且问你有什么需要他们帮助的。请你给Tom回信，内容包括：
1.表示感谢；
2.询问相关课程；
3.了解注意事项。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.开头和结尾已经给出。
Dear Tom,
Long time no see.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Looking forward to seeing you as soon as possible.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Tom,
Long time no see. I’m greatly delighted to receive your letter where you expressed your welcome to my coming. Being as an exchange student, I will start my journey to England. I really appreciate your help because I do have some problems to learn about.
Firstly, I'd like some information about the course, for example, the subject of the course we will study, the schedule of the class, and the instructor, so that I can arrange my spare time, when I could do some sightseeing in England. Secondly, there are certainly many differences between Chinese and British cultures. So, in order to avoid embarrassment, can you give me some tips on interpersonal communication in advance?
Looking forward to seeing you as soon as possible.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生写一封回信。对英国朋友对自己的关心表述感谢并询问有关交换生学习生活的信息以及注意事项。
【详解】第一步：审题
体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态应为一般现在时和一般将来时。
结构：三段式结构。第一段表述感谢和写信目的；第二段询问信息和注意事项；第三段寒暄结束。
要求：1. 表述感谢和写信目的（be appreciated; learn about）
2询问相关情况和注意事项
1）询问相关课程（I'd like some information about the course）
2）了解注意事项（give me some tips）
3.寒暄结束（Looking forward to seeing you as soon as possible.）
第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）
be delighted to; learn about; would like sth; the schedule of; do something sightseeing; in order to; give sb. some tips on sth.; in advance
第三步：连词成句
1. I’m greatly delighted to receive your letter where you expressed your welcome to my coming.
2. I really appreciate your help because I do have some problems to learn about.
3. Firstly, I'd like some information about the course, for example, the subject of the course we will study, the schedule of the class, and the instructor, so that I can arrange my spare time, when I could do some sightseeing in England.
4. So, in order to avoid embarrassment, can you give me some tips on interpersonal communication in advance?
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）
1.表文章结构顺序：first of all; firstly/first; secondly/second…; and then; finally; in the end; at last
2表因果关系：because; as; so; thus; therefore; as a result; so that…
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，
第五步：润色修改
【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。
1.作者在范文中使用了较多主从复合句，如：
I’m greatly delighted to receive your letter where you expressed your welcome to my coming.( 我很高兴收到你的来信，你在信中表示欢迎我的到来。)这句话运用了where引导定语从句修饰先行词letter。
I really appreciate your help because I do have some problems to learn about.( 我真的很感谢你的帮助，因为我确实有一些问题需要了解。)这句话运用了because引导原因状语从句。
Firstly, I'd like some information about the course, for example, the subject of the course we will study, the schedule of the class, and the instructor, so that I can arrange my spare time, when I could do some sightseeing in England.( 首先，我想了解一些关于课程的信息，例如，我们将要学习的课程的主题，课程的安排，以及老师，这样我就可以安排我的空闲时间，可以在英国观光。)这句话运用了so that引导目的状语从句，以及when引导非限制性定语从句，其先行词为spare time。
2.使用了一些固定词组，如be delighted to; learn about; would like sth; the schedule of; do something sightseeing; in order to; give sb. some tips on sth.; in advance等。
全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。
江门市2020年高考模拟考试
英语试题
本试卷共10页，满分120分。考试用时120分钟。
注意事项：
1.答题前，考生务必把自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡相应的位置上。
2.做选择题时，必须用2B铅笔把答题卷.上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。
3.非选择题必须使用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔，将答案写在答题卡规定的位置上。
4.所有题目必须在答题卡上指定位置作答，不按以上要求作答的答案无效。
5.考生必须保持答题卡的整洁。考试结束后，将答题卡交回。
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
There are numerous hotels and resorts with water parks to keep you cool and refreshed in the hot summer days located along the Myrtle Beach. Here is some of the most popular lodging(住宿).
Comfort Suites-Myrtle Beach
While staying at the Comfort Suites in Myrtle Beach, guests have access to an outdoor pool to swim in or lie by the side in one of the comfortable chairs. The hotel features a free breakfast each morning with fresh fruits, cereals, and pastries. Free Wi-Fi is provided across the -property, and guests can enjoy free cable television in each room.
Best Western Grand Strand Inn & Suites
The Best Western Grand Strand Inn & Suites is located on the sunny beach of Myrtle Beach, South Carolina. The hotel features a fitness center, an outdoor heated pool, a hot tub, and free breakfast. Also offered are an attraction and entertainment ticket service, and room service. Just a few minutes away are Ripley's Believe It or Not Museum, the Haunted Adventure, and Myrtle
Waves Water Park, along with several dining options.
Econo Lodge Conway SC
This Econo Lodge is located in Conway and a short drive away from Myrtle Beach. There are some attractions that can be found in the area for people to enjoy, such as Legends in Concert Myrtle Beach. This lodge offers some great special features for their guests to enjoy in order to make their stay better: free Wi-Fi, free parking, refrigerator and microwave in room, free continental breakfast, and indoor pool.
1. Which hotel provides free cable television?
A. Econo Lodge Conway SC B. Myrtle Waves Water Park
C. Comfort Suites-Myrtle Beach D. Best Western Grand Strand Inn & Suites
2. What can you do in Best Western Grand Strand Inn & Suites?
A. Exercise in a fitness center. B. Swim in an indoor pool.
C. Park your car free of charge. D. Enjoy free lunch.
3. Which item does the Econo Lodge provide?.
A. An outdoor swimming pool. B. Cookers for heating food.
C. Free breakfasts with fruits. D. Entertainment ticket service.
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。介绍了一些旅馆的基本情况。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据对Comfort Suites-Myrtle Beach介绍中的Free Wi-Fi is provided across the property, and guests can enjoy free cable television in each room.(酒店提供免费Wi-Fi，客人可以在每个房间享受免费有线电视。)可知，Comfort Suites-Myrtle Beach提供免费的有线电视。故选C。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据对Best Western Grand Strand Inn & Suites介绍中的The hotel features a fitness center, an outdoor heated pool, a hot tub, and free breakfast.(酒店设有健身中心、室外恒温游泳池、热水浴缸和免费早餐。)可知，在 Best Western Grand Strand Inn & Suites你可以在健身中心锻炼。故选A。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据对Econo Lodge Conway SC介绍中的This lodge offers some great special features for their guests to enjoy in order to make their stay better: free Wi-Fi, free parking, refrigerator and microwave in room, free continental breakfast, and indoor pool.(为了让客人住得更好，酒店为客人提供了一些非常棒的特色设施：免费Wi-Fi、免费停车场、室内冰箱和微波炉、免费欧式早餐和室内游泳池。)可知，该酒店提供了加热食物用的炊具。故选B。
B
I am a putterer—a person spending a lot of time doing things people usually consider unimportant in a relaxed way. However, I don’t think puttering is wasting my time. It is a satisfying way of dealing with one’s domestic environment in a way one cannot do with the world at large.
As a father, I’ve had a difficult time communicating this to my college-age son. Tom recently bought a used car. I was proud of him for negotiating a good deal. When I looked it over, I noticed a tiny spot of rust (锈). Like a superhero out to save the day, I rushed toward the imperfection with a piece of sandpaper and a small bottle of clear nail polish from my puttering resources. Tom watched as I sanded the spot and then coated it with the nail polish. He rolled his eyes. ''You'll understand someday,” I told him.
As a rule, I do not usually conduct such public performances. Puttering is, in brief, a solitary(独自进行的) act, and putterers are modest people. They observe small things that most folks simply tolerate ---- a picture hung not in a straight position, a door not shutting well, a shaky table leg It doesn't take much effort or time to right such deficiencies. But once again, there is something in the sensibility of the putterer that makes correcting them deeply rewarding.
All of this risks giving an impression of endless and perhaps mindless activity. But nothing could be further from the truth. The beauty of puttering is that it is a symbol of having control over one’s time, responding to the needs of one’s home as one sees fit: If I don’t fix the shaky kitchen table today, I can do it tomorrow, or the next day, or not at all. Puttering, you might say, has set me free.
4. Which of the following best describes Tom’s attitude toward his father’s puttering?
A. Disapproval. B. Admiration.
C. Gratitude. D. Embarrassment.
5. What do we know about the author?
A. He is extremely strict with his son. B. He shows interest in collecting old things.
C. He has an observing eye for small things. D. He often overlooks others’ imperfections.
6. Which of the following word is closest in meaning to the underlined word “deficiencies” in paragraph 3?
A. Consequences. B. Obstacles.
C. Inconveniences. D. Drawbacks.
7. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. The Benefits of Puttering B. My Enjoyment of Puttering
C. Puttering，Wasting Time D. Puttering, My Daily Life
【答案】4. A 5. C 6. D 7. B
【解析】
这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。短文主要叙述了作者是一个悠闲地做琐碎事的人，作者很享受自己的状态。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段末尾内容“Tom watched as I sanded the spot and then coated it with the nail polish. He rolled his eyes.”可知汤姆看着父亲用砂纸打磨那块地方，然后在上面涂上指甲油，他翻了个白眼。因此可以推知，Tom对于作者磨蹭行为的不屑，不赞成的，选项A. Disapproval.(反对)说明了Tom的态度。故选A项。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段内容“They observe small things that most folks simply tolerate ---- a picture hung not in a straight position, a door not shutting well, a shaky table leg”可知作者 需要观察那些大多数人都能容忍的小事——一幅画挂得不正，一扇门关不上，一条桌子腿在颤抖，因此判断出，他是一个善于观察小事的人，有敏锐的观察力。故选C项。
【6题详解】
词义猜测题。根据划线单词之前的such可知，“such deficiencies”应是指代前文提及的“a picture hung not in a straight position, a door not shutting well, a shaky table leg(一幅画挂得不正，一扇门关不上，一条桌子腿在颤抖)”，因此，可以推知deficiencies应是“缺陷；缺点”含义，与选项D. Drawbacks(缺点)含义相同。故选D项。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。文章结构为总分总结构，末段再次呼应文章主旨：The beauty of puttering is that it is a symbol of having control over one’s time, responding to the needs of one’s home as one sees fit: If I don’t fix the shaky kitchen table today, I can do it tomorrow, or the next day, or not at all. Puttering, you might say, has set me free. (“磨蹭”的美妙之处在于，它象征着你可以控制自己的时间，以自己认为合适的方式回应家里的需要：如果我今天不修理摇摇晃晃的厨房桌子，我明天就可以做，或者第二天，或者根本就不做。你可能会说，磨蹭让我获得了自由。)可知，本文的主要内容讲述了作者对于自己的悠闲地做琐碎事的人的理解和感悟。选项B. “享受悠闲地做琐碎事”贴合主题，为最佳标题。故选B项。
C
A new wave of psychological research is pioneering Virtual Reality (VR) to treat medical conditions from social anxiety to Alzheimer's disease.
Riding a wave of interest in mental health tech, companies creating VR content for treatment are receiving a flood of attention and funding. And, while VR has been used successfully to treat post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) since the 1990s, these new programs address a much broader range of conditions. The library of Palo Alto-based Limbix, for instance, includes VR content designed to treat issues including alcohol addiction and teenage depression. Barcelona-based Psious offers treatments for eating disorders.
Today's VR content is primarily designed to aid exposure treatment, a treatment for anxiety disorders in which patients are exposed to the “threats” they're worried about in a safe, controlled environment, eventually learning that the “threats” are not actually very dangerous. For example, someone who fears heights might visit taller and taller buildings under the guidance of their doctor, while someone with PTSD might revisit painful memories.
VR allows doctors to create a safe and controlled environment inside a VR headset. It's a far safer, quicker and less expensive option. Using VR also gives doctors much more control over the intensity(强度)of their patients' experiences, which can lead to better treatment outcomes, said Stephane Bouchard, a professor at the University of Quebec. VR treatment patients can also do things they couldn't do in the real world. “In one of our studies, we asked patients who are afraid of heights to actually jump from a cliff,” Bouchard said.
However, not all VR treatment content is created equal. “Some companies show videos of VR environments that are incomplete, untested and definitely haven't been tried out by psychologists,” Bouchard said. Clearer rules and standards will make it easier for patients and doctors to identify products that work.
8. What problems can VR be used to treat according to the passage?
A. The fear of heights blood pressure and eating disorders.
B. Social anxiety, PTSD and alcohol addiction.
C. Alzheimer's disease, heart attack and teenage depression.
D. Sleeping disorders, deafness and computer addiction.
9. What is the main idea of Para 4?
A. The benefits of using VR treatment. B. The principles of using V R treatment.
C. The side effects of using VR treatment. D. The causes of using VR treatment.
10. Which word can be used to describe the future of VR treatment?
A. Passive. B. Uncertain. C. Promising. D. Worrying.
11. What will be most probably discussed in the paragraph following the passage?
A. Wide use of VR treatment. B. Criteria of VR treatment.
C. Problems VR treatment are facing. D. Reasons why VR treatment standards are needed.
【答案】8. B 9. A 10. C 11. B
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。作者主要向读者介绍了新一轮的心理学研究正在开创虚拟现实的先河，他们试着用虚拟现实来治疗从社交焦虑到老年痴呆症的各种疾病。文章主要介绍了虚拟现实的治疗法以及虚拟现实治疗法也存在一定的弊端。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的“pioneering Virtual Reality (VR) to treat medical conditions from social anxiety to Alzheimer's disease.”和第二段的“VR content designed to treat issues including alcohol addiction and teenage depression. Barcelona-based Psious offers treatments for eating disorders. ”和第三段的“For example, someone who fears heights might visit taller and taller buildings under the guidance of their doctor, while someone with PTSD might revisit painful memories. ”可知，VR可用来治疗从社交焦虑到老年痴呆、酒精上瘾、青少年抑郁、饮食紊乱、恐高和PTSD（创伤后应激障碍）。A选项中的blood pressure；C选项中的heart attack；D选项中的deafness不在治疗范围之类，排除。故选B。
【9题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第四段的VR allows doctors to create a safe and controlled environment inside a VR headset. It's a far safer, quicker and less expensive option.(虚拟现实允许医生在虚拟现实耳机中创建一个安全和可控的环境。这是一个更安全、更快捷、更便宜的选择。) 可知，文章第四段主要讲使用VR治疗法所带来的好处。A. The benefits of using VR treatment. 使用VR治疗法的好处；B. The principles of using VR treatment. 使用VR治疗法的原则；C. The side effects of using VR treatment.使用VR治疗法的副作用；D.The causes of using VR treatment.使用VR治疗法的原因。故选A。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。文中除去最后一个自然段都在讲述使用VR治疗法的优势，最后一个自然段虽然讲述了VR治疗法也存在一些弊端，但经过改正，这是可以杜绝的，且文章最后一句Clearer rules and standards will make it easier for patients and doctors to identify products that work. 说明更加清晰的规则和标准将使得医生和病人鉴别起效的产品更加便捷。综上可推断VR治疗法的前景一片光明。A. Passive被动的；B. Uncertain不确定的；C. Promising有前途的，有希望的；D. Worrying担忧的，忧虑的。故选C。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一句Clearer rules and standards will make it easier for patients and doctors to identify products that work.(更清晰的规则和标准将使病人和医生更容易鉴别出起效的产品。)由此判断出，接下来的文段应该要讲述VR治疗法的标准。A. Wide use of VR treatment. VR治疗法的广泛使用；B. Criteria of VR treatment. VR治疗法的标准；C. Problems VR treatment are facing. VR治疗法正面对的问题；D. Reasons why VR treatment standards are needed. VR治疗法标准被需要的原因。故选B。
【点睛】推断判断题就是推断隐含意义，根据文章的某个句子、段落或全文所提供的事实进行逻辑推理，推断出作者没有提到、没有明说或者可能发生的事实。推理判断题的题干特点：推断隐含意义的题干中常含infer（推断），suggest（暗示），imply（暗示），indicate（暗示），conclude（推断，得出结论）等词语。它的主要解题方法 就是找到推理的依据，然后理解相关信息点的字面意义，最后结合语境和常识，在字面意义的基础上进行符合逻辑的推断，从而得到作者的言外之意。如第3小题，文中除去最后一个自然段都在讲述使用VR治疗法的优势，最后一个自然段虽然讲述了VR治疗法也存在一些弊端，但经过改正，这是可以杜绝的，且文章最后一句Clearer rules and standards will make it easier for patients and doctors to identify products that work. 说明更加清晰的规则和标准将使得医生和病人鉴别起效的产品更加便捷。综上可推断VR治疗法的前景一片光明。A. Passive被动的；B. Uncertain不确定的；C. Promising有前途的，有希望的；D. Worrying担忧的，忧虑的。故选C。
D
Many people avoid apologizing because admitting to wrongdoing makes them uncomfortable. “We like to view ourselves as good people-as kind and considerate,” says Ryan Fehr, a professor at the University of Washington. “Apologies force us to admit to ourselves that we don't always live up to our own standards. We might also fear that the victim won't accept our apology, further damaging our positive sense of self. For these reasons, an apology can be very difficult to give.”
For many, apologizing is stressful, awkward and uncomfortable. But a heartfelt apology has positive effects. It can improve your mental health, repair damaged relationships and promote self-esteem. “Apology acts as a signal of one's moral character,” Fehr says.
Researchers at Ohio State University have determined that effective apologies have five elements: expressing regret, explaining what went wrong, acknowledging responsibility, offering to repair the situation and requesting forgiveness. All five aren't necessary every time. “The more of those elements were included, the more likely the apology was seen as convincing,” says Roy Lewicki, the lead study author. “Acknowledgement of responsibility turned out to be the most important piece, followed by an explanation of why it happened and declaration of regret.”
“Sometimes, an immediate apology is called for,” says Antony Manstead, a psychology professor at Cardiff University. “But if the other party is angry at your wrongdoing, it may be more effective to wait, because their anger may stop them accepting an apology. Some research suggests that a delay increases an apology's effectiveness because it conveys that the wrongdoer has had time to reflect on. his/her misdeeds,” says Mara Olekalns, a professor of management at Melbourne Business School. “The best time to apologize is when one feels ready to sincerely apologize,” says Etienne Mullet, research director of the Ethics and Work Laboratory at the Institute of Advanced Studies. “There is nothing worse in these situations than insincere apologies.”
12. Why do many people feel uncomfortable to apologize?
A. They are kind and considerate people. B. They are afraid of losing face.
C. They believe themselves right. D. They have high moral standards.
13. What is the most important when it comes to making an effective apology?
A. To express regret. B. To express what went wrong.
C. To accept responsibility. D. To request forgiveness.
14. What can be inferred about an apology from the last paragraph?
A. The sooner, the better. B. The later, the better.
C. The more often, the better. D. The more genuine, the better.
15. What is the passage mainly about?
A. How you can make an effective apology. B. Why people avoid apologizing.
C. What benefits you can get from an apology. D. When you can make a heartfelt apology.
【答案】12. B 13. C 14. D 15. A
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了许多人拒绝道歉，因为道歉使他们很丢面子。但是，道歉是一个人道德品质的标志，本文就作出有效的道歉进行了说明——要承担责任、越真诚越好。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段第一句For many, apologizing is stressful, awkward and uncomfortable. 可知，对许多人来说，道歉是一种有压力的、尴尬的和不舒服的行为。根据stressful, awkward and uncomfortable可知，许多人认为道歉是很丢面子的事情。故选B。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句Acknowledgement of responsibility turned out to be the most important piece, followed by an explanation of why it happened and declaration of regret.可知，对责任的承认是最重要的一件事，接着是对其发生原因的解释和对其表示遗憾。所以，说到有效的道歉，最重要的是承担责任。故选C。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句There is nothing worse in these situations than insincere apologies. 可知，在这种情况下，没有什么比不真诚的道歉更糟糕的了。由此判断出道歉时，越诚恳越好。故选D。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。文章第一段讲述了许多人拒绝道歉，因为道歉使他们很丢面子。第二段讲述但真诚的道歉有积极的影响。 它可以改善你的心理健康，修复受损的关系，促进自尊。三、四两段就作出有效的道歉进行了说明——要承担责任、越真诚越好。因此，选项A符合本文大意：怎样才能有效地道歉。故选A。
第二节 七选五（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填人空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
Getting along with people can be tough. The following are some suggestions that can help you in some way.
Accept human nature. Humans make mistakes. People aren’t always nice. They also have all of the problems that you have in your life. ___16___This is important to remember when you’ re trying to get along with people who are very difficult or seem to be ignoring you; everyone is just doing the best that they can.
___17___ People are all very different: that’s what makes life interesting. And just like people are all different, the world is also very complex. Every situation is different, always. Just because someone doesn’t make the choice that you would make or just because they take a less efficient or smart path to get where they’re going doesn’t make them wrong.
Practice forgiveness. Forgive people when they do make mistakes. Sometimes you just have to stop and give people the benefit of the doubt (to believe someone even though you are not sure whether what the person is saying is true). They might really be sorry or they might really not know that what they did was bad. ___18___
Keep an open mind. Sometimes you have to give people the benefit of the doubt. ___19___For example, when people invite you to parties, really consider going instead of just brushing the invitation aside because you don’t think they’re serious.
Do something together. ___20___You can work together on a project for school or work. You can also try a new activity together. These activities will give you more to talk about and lots of chances to interact and get to know each other.
A. Think about what your words really mean.
B. Respect that there are lots of valid choices.
C. Everyone is dealing with their own set of problems.
D. Co-operation is a great way to bond with people and make friends.
E. You have to forgive them so that you can move on to happier feelings.
F. You might think that they hate you but they might be honestly trying to be nice to you.
G. Even when someone’s making you mad, thank them for their suggestions or their effort to
【答案】16. C 17. B 18. E 19. F 20. D
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了与人交往时的建议。
【16题详解】
设空句在段中，应起承前启后的作用。根据前文“They also have all of the problems that you have in your life.”可知，每个人都会有自己的问题，因此设空句应呼应前文内容“problems”，且根据后文解释“when you’ re trying to get along with people who are very difficult or seem to be ignoring you(当你努力与那些很难相处或似乎忽视你的人相处时)”可推知设空处应提及被忽略有可能是在别人在花时间解决自己的问题。选项C. Everyone is dealing with their own set of problems.( 每个人都在处理自己的问题。)符合语境分析。故选C项。
【17题详解】
设空在段首，应是本段主旨句。根据后文“People are all very different: that’s what makes life interesting. And just like people are all different, the world is also very complex. Every situation is different, always. Just because someone doesn’t make the choice that you would make or just because they take a less efficient or smart path to get where they’re going doesn’t make them wrong.( 每个人都是不同的：这就是生活有趣的地方。就像人都是不同的，世界也是非常复杂的。每一种情况总是不同的。仅仅因为某人没有做出你会做出的选择，或者只是因为他们选择了一条效率较低或更聪明的道路去到达他们要去的地方，这并没有什么错。)”可知，本段的主题为其他人和你不一样并没有错。选项B. Respect that there are lots of valid choices.“对他们的各种选择表示尊重”贴合本段标题。故选B项。
【18题详解】
设空在段末，应呼应本段主旨句。根据主旨句“Practice forgiveness.”可知，本段在讲述原谅，且结合前文“They might really be sorry or they might really not know that what they did was bad.”可知他们可能真的很抱歉，也可能他们不知道他们所做的是坏事，因此要学会原谅。选项E. You have to forgive them so that you can move on to happier feelings.( 你必须原谅他们，这样你才能走向更幸福的感觉。)符合语境，呼应主旨。故选E项。
【19题详解】
设空句在段中，应对主旨句进行进一步解释，根据主旨句“Keep an open mind. (保持心胸开阔)”可知，要心胸开阔，且后文举例“For example, when people invite you to parties, really consider going instead of just brushing the invitation aside because you don’t think they’re serious.( 例如，当人们邀请你参加聚会时，要真正地考虑去参加，而不是因为你不认为他们是认真的而把邀请放在一边。)”是在阐述要相信别人是在真诚的对待你。选项F. You might think that they hate you but they might be honestly trying to be nice to you.( 你可能认为他们讨厌你，但他们可能是真心想对你好。)与举例内容相呼应，符合语境。故选F项。
【20题详解】
设空在主旨句之后，应对主旨句进行进一步解释且出现其原词或同义词。根据主旨句“Do something together.”在讲合作，选项D. Co-operation is a great way to bond with people and make friends.( 合作是与人交往和交朋友的好方法。)中co-operation与主旨句中“work together”含义相同，符合语境。故选D项。
第三部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节：完形填空（共210小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空 白处的敁佳选项。
Imagine an area 34 times the size of Manhattan. Now imagine it covered ankle-deep in plastic waste.That’s a total of about 19 billion pounds of___21___. And according to one of the best estimates available, that’s how much plastic waste___22___in our oceans every year.
"We're being___23___by our waste,” said Jenna Jam beck, an/a ___24___engineer who led the 2015 study that announced this shocking number. According to Jambeck’s research, this___25___will double by 2025 unless something is done,___26___and at a global scale, to stop the tide of garbage.
Plastic has in many ways been a good help to humanity, used in all walks of ___27___from medical equipment to parts of airplanes. ___28___some of the very traits (特性)that have made plastics so popular have also made them a___29___ problem in our landfills and oceans. Today， plastics are the No. 1 type of trash found in the sea. Ocean Conservancy, a nonprofit environmental advocacy group that organizes a yearly____30____cleanup event in more than 150 countries worldwide, said plastic pieces ____31____around 85 percent of all the garbage collected from beaches waterways and oceans — and that’s just the stuff we can ____32____.
Ocean Conservancy says plastics are believed to ____33____at least 600 different wildlife ____34____. One in three leatherback turtles, which often ____35____plastic bags for edible(可吃的) jellyfish, have been found with plastic in their bellies. In 2017, a ____36____ whale beached on Norway’s coast had 30 plastic bags in its____37____. Ninety percent of seabirds are now eating ____38____on a regular basis. By 2050, that figure is expected to rise to 100 percent.
And it’s not ____39____ wildlife that’s threatened by the plastics in our seas. A growing body of evidence suggests humans are consuming plastics through the seafood we eat.
With this in mind，experts say that all of us have a ____40____role to play in relieving the issue — in ways both big and small.
21. A. seaweed B. seafood C. garbage D. money
22. A. comes from B. ends up C. takes out D. put away
23. A. trapped B. controlled C. surrounded D. destroyed
24. A. medical B. technical C. agricultural D. environmental
25. A. figure B. waste C. price D. cost
26. A. swiftly B. slowly C. hurriedly D. unexpectedly
27. A. time B. education C. technology D. life
28. A. While B. So C. But D. And
29. A. changing B. growing C. moving D. touching
30. A. scientific B. coastal C. general D. tiny
31. A. picks up B. takes up C. makes up D. brings up
32. A. see B. eat C. hide D. search
33. A. influence B. damage C. increase D. threaten
34. A. plants B. animals C. protection D. species
35. A. mistake B. look C. regard D. recognize
36. A. vivid B. deadly C. dead D. lively
37. A. mouth B. stomach C. head D. tail
38. A. waste B. rubbish C. nothing D. plastics
39. A. just B. always C. really D. constantly
40. A. unique B. critical C. reasonable D. natural
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. C 24. D 25. A 26. A 27. D 28. C 29. B 30. B 31. C 32. A 33. D 34. D 35. A 36. C 37. B 38. D 39. A 40. B
【解析】
这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了大量的塑料垃圾对于海洋以及与海洋有关的各种生物包括人在内的威胁，其已然成为一种危机，需要立即采取行动缓解这个问题。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这总共是大约190亿磅的垃圾。A. seaweed海草；B. seafood海鲜；C. garbage垃圾；废话；D. money金钱。根据前文“Now imagine it covered ankle-deep in plastic waste.”可知，这里在讲述曼哈顿区域它被齐踝深的塑料垃圾所覆盖，因此本句在讲述垃圾之多。故选C项。
【22题详解】
考查动词词组辨析。句意：根据现有最好的估计之一，那就是每年有多少塑料垃圾进入我们的海洋。A. comes from 来自；B. ends up结束；倒闭；C. takes out除掉；取得（贷款、许可、保险等）；D. put away把……收拾起来。根据前文“Imagine an area 34 times the size of Manhattan. Now imagine it covered ankle-deep in plastic waste.( 想象一个面积是曼哈顿34倍的区域。现在想象一下，它被埋在齐踝深的塑料垃圾里。)以及“in our oceans every year”可知，在描述的是我们扔掉的塑料垃圾在以海洋为归宿。故选B项。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我们正被垃圾包围，”詹娜·詹姆·贝克(Jenna Jam beck)说，她是一名环境工程师，领导了2015年的一项研究，该研究公布了这个令人震惊的数字。A. trapped诱骗；抓捕；B. controlled控制；C. surrounded包围；D. destroyed毁坏。根据后文“at a global scale, to stop the tide of garbage.除非在除非在全球范围内迅速采取措施阻止垃圾的泛滥。)”可知，她所带领的研究团队公布的惊人数字应是上文提及的垃圾数量，其数量之大使得她认为我们正在被垃圾包围。故选C项。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意“我们正被垃圾包围，”詹娜·詹姆·贝克(Jenna Jam beck)说，她是一名环境工程师，领导了2015年的一项研究，该研究公布了这个令人震惊的数字。A. medical医学的; 医疗的；B. technical技术的; 工艺的；技巧的；C. agricultural农业的；D. environmental环保的。根据后文“who led the 2015 study that announced this shocking number(她领导了2015年的一项研究，该研究宣布了这个令人震惊的数字。)”可知她应该是从事环保有关的工作。故选D项。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：根据Jambeck的研究，这个数字到2025年将会翻倍，除非在全球范围内迅速采取措施阻止垃圾的泛滥。A. figure数字；B. waste废物; 废水；C. price价格；D. cost费用；成本。根据空前的this为指示代词，且结合空后的动词“double(使加倍; 翻倍)”可知，应是指代前文中提及的“a total of about 19 billion pounds of(garbage)”中的数字。故选A项。
【26题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：根据Jambeck的研究，这个数字到2025年将会翻倍，除非在全球范围内迅速采取措施阻止垃圾的泛滥。A. swiftly很快地；敏捷地；即刻；B. slowly缓慢地，慢慢地；C. hurriedly匆忙地；仓促地；D. unexpectedly出乎意料地，意外地。根据前文“this___5_(figure)will double by 2025 unless something is done”可知，要阻止这种增长速度就要迅速立即采取措施。故选A项。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：塑料在很多方面都对人类有很大的帮助，从医疗设备到飞机零部件的各行各业都在使用塑料。A. time时间；B. education教育；C. technology技术；D. life生命；生活。根据后文“from medical equipment to parts of airplanes(从医疗设备到飞机部件)”可知，本句在强调塑料存在在各行各业。“all walks of life”，固定结构，意为“各行各业”。故选D项。
28题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：但是正是这些特性使得塑料如此受欢迎，也使得它们在我们的垃圾填埋场和海洋中成为一个日益严重的问题。A. While当……时候；然而；B. So因此；C. But但是；D. And而且。根据后文“some of the very traits that have made plastics so popular have also made them a___9__ problem in our landfills and oceans.”可知使塑料如此受欢迎的一些特性也使它们成为垃圾填埋场和海洋中的难题，因此与前句为转折关系。故选C项。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是正是这些特性使得塑料如此受欢迎，也使得它们在我们的垃圾填埋场和海洋中成为一个日益严重的问题。A. changing变化的；B. growing增加的；C. moving感人的； D. touching感人的。根据后文“Today, plastics are the No. 1 type of trash found in the sea.”可知塑料是海洋中发现的第一类垃圾，因此对于海洋和陆地来说，塑料是一种不断增长的难题。故选B项。
【30题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：非营利环保组织海洋保护协会(Ocean Conservancy)每年在全球150多个国家组织一次海岸清理活动，该组织表示，从海滩、水道和海洋收集的垃圾中，约85%是塑料碎片——这只是我们可以搜索到的东西。A. scientific科学的；B. coastal沿海的；C. general大体的；D. tiny微小的。根据该组织名词“Ocean Conservancy”为海洋保护协会，因此他们应是沿海清理垃圾。故选B项。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：非营利环保组织海洋保护协会(Ocean Conservancy)每年在全球150多个国家组织一次海岸清理活动，该组织表示，从海滩、水道和海洋收集的垃圾中，约85%是塑料碎片——这只是我们可以搜索的东西。A. picks up拾起；（毫不费力）学会；B. takes up占用；开始从事；C. makes up构成；弥补；D. brings up养育；提出。根据后文“around 85 percent of all the garbage collected from beaches waterways and oceans(约占海滩、水道和海洋垃圾总量的85%)”可知，在讲述塑料垃圾的占有量。选项B. take up虽有“占用；占有”含义，但其占用的是时间、空间或精力，选项C. make up有“构成；组成”含义，符合语境。故选C项。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：非营利环保组织海洋保护协会(Ocean Conservancy)每年在全球150多个国家组织一次海岸清理活动，该组织表示，从海滩、水道和海洋收集的垃圾中，约85%是塑料碎片——这只是我们可以看见的东西。A. see看见；B. eat吃；C. hide隐藏；D. search寻找。根据前文“collected from beaches waterways and oceans-- and that’s just the stuff”可知发言人在强调这个占比只是从海滩，水路和海洋收集来的可以看得见的垃圾。故选A项。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：海洋保护协会说，塑料被认为至少威胁到600种不同的野生动物。A. influence影响；B. damage毁坏；C. increase增加；D. threaten威胁。根据后文解释“One in three leatherback turtles, which often ___15___plastic bags for edible jellyfish, have been found with plastic in their bellies.”可知人们发现，三分之一的棱皮龟的腹部都有塑料制品，因此海洋里的塑料垃圾对于海洋生物来说是有威胁的。故选D项。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：海洋保护协会说，塑料被认为至少威胁到600种不同的野生动物。A. plants植物；B. animals动物；C. protection保护；D. species物种。根据后文举例“leatherback turtles”“whale”，“seabirds”可知，本段举例为不同种类野生动物。B项 animals虽有“动物”含义，但不包括鸟类、鱼类、昆虫和人类；D项species意为“物种；生物”，含义更广，符合语境。故选D项。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：三分之一的棱皮龟经常把塑料袋误认为可食用的水母，它们的腹部被发现有塑料。A. mistake误认为；B. look看；C. regard 看待；D. recognize辨认。根据“plastic bags for edible jellyfish”可知，这种海龟把塑料袋误认为是可以吃的水母，mistake sth for sth，“把某物误认为某物”。故选A项。
【36题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：2017年，在挪威海岸搁浅的一头死掉的鲸鱼胃里有30个塑料袋。A. vivid生动的；B. deadly致命的；致死的；C. dead死的；D. lively活泼的。根据后文“beached on Norway’s coast(在挪威海岸搁浅)”且后文“had 30 plastic bags(有30个塑料袋)”说明该鲸鱼吞食了塑料袋死掉了才会在海岸搁浅。故选C项。
【37题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：2017年，在挪威海岸搁浅的一头鲸鱼胃里有30个塑料袋。A. mouth嘴；B. stomach胃部；C. head头；D. tail尾巴。根据前文“had 30 plastic bags”可知，应是有30个塑料袋被吃了，在其胃部发现。故选B项。
【38题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：百分之九十的海鸟经常食用塑料。A. waste废物; 废水；B. rubbish垃圾；C. nothing无关紧要的事；D. plastics塑料。根据本段中心句“Ocean Conservancy says plastics are believed to ___13__at least 600 different wildlife….”可知，本段在讲述塑料垃圾对于各种生物的威胁，因此本句应是在表明很多海鸟以塑料垃圾为食。故选D项。
【39题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：不仅仅是野生动物受到海洋塑料的威胁。A. just仅仅；只是；B. always总是；C. really 真正地；D. constantly不断地；时常地。根据后文“A growing body of evidence suggests humans are consuming plastics through the seafood we eat.( 越来越多的证据表明，人类通过食用海鲜来消费塑料。)”可知，不仅仅是野生动物，人类也受到海洋里塑料垃圾的威胁。故选A项。
【40题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：考虑到这一点，专家们表示，我们所有人在缓解这一问题上都可以发挥关键作用——在大大小小的方面都可以发挥作用。A. unique独特的；B. critical批评的；关键的；C. reasonable合理的；D. natural自然的。根据后文“play in relieving the issue”可知，在缓解海洋塑料垃圾问题方面，每个人都发挥关键的重要的作用。故选B项。
第二节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
“Beep!” This is one of the most maddening computer games I’ve ever played. I’ m tracking a flock of birds, and when I hit___41___right one, it explodes with a ___42___(satisfy) “phut” sound. But as I get better at spotting them, the birds scatter even more___43___ (crazy) across the screen, and I hear that unforgiving “beep” sound: You missed.
Frankly, I, as a middle-aged gentleman, feel like giving up. But many players don’t dare___44___this is Hawk-Eye, a brain-training program which claims it can ___45___(sharp) people’s brain by simply getting faster at mouse-clicking. Formal tests have found that older people ___46___play enough hours of this particular kind of game have fewer car___47___(crash) and even, apparently, a ___48___(low) risk of dementia (痴呆症).
Until recently, we thought that the brain cells we were born___49___ were a lifetime quota (定量)and that brains became fixed in adulthood. But in the past decade, with the help of MRI scans and experiments on mice and monkeys, scientists______50______(confirm) that the human brain remains plastic throughout life.
【答案】41. the
42. satisfying / satisfactory
43. crazily
44. because
45. sharpen
46. who / that
47. crashes
48. lower 49. with
50. have confirmed
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要通过作者的游戏经历介绍了一个大脑训练项目—Hawk-Eye，同时提及了科学家们证实人类的大脑在一生中都是有可塑性。
【41题详解】
考查冠词。句意：我正在追踪一群鸟，当我击中正确的那只时，它会发出一声令人满意的“砰”声。结合句意分析可知，此处的“right one”应是之前提及“a flock of birds”中的其中正确的一只才会发出“phut sound”，因此设空处应表述特指含义 。故填the。
【42题详解】
考查形容词。句意：我正在追踪一群鸟，当我击中正确的那只时，它会发出一声令人满意的“砰”声。根据短语结构“a+_________+名词”，可知，所填空应是形容词作定语修饰之后的名词。satisfy，动词，其形容词为“satisfying(令人满意的)”和“satisfactory(令人满意的; 合适的)”，均符合结构，修饰之后表述“物”的名词“phut sound”。故填satisfying / satisfactory。
【43题详解】
考查副词。句意：但当我越来越善于发现它们时，鸟儿更疯狂地在屏幕上四散飞开，我听到了那无情的“哔”声：你错输了。分析可知，所填空应是副词作状语修饰动词“scatter(散开)”。故填crazily。
【44题详解】
考查连词。句意：但许多玩家不敢，因为这是鹰眼，一个大脑训练项目，声称它可以通过加快鼠标点击速度来提高人们的大脑。分析可知，设空前后句之间为因果关系，因为这是一个叫做“Hawk-Eye”的大脑训练项目而不敢放弃。故填because。
【45题详解】
考查动词。句意：但许多玩家不敢，因为这是鹰眼，一个大脑训练项目，声称它可以通过加快鼠标点击速度来使大脑敏弱。分析可知，所填空应与之前情态动词can一起担当从句谓语，应填动词原形。故填sharpen。
【46题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：正式的测试发现，经常玩这类游戏的老年人很少出车祸，甚至患痴呆症的风险也明显较低。分析可知，“___6___play enough hours of this particular kind of game”应是之前名词“older people”的定语从句，先行词在从句中作主语，可用关系代词who/that引导。故填who / that。
【47题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：正式的测试发现，经常玩这类游戏的老年人很少出车祸，甚至患痴呆症的风险也明显较低。分析可知，car crash，“车祸”，其中crash意为“撞车”，为可数名词，且有fewer修饰，应用复数形式。故填crashes。
【48题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意：正式的测试发现，经常玩这类游戏的老年人很少出车祸，甚至患痴呆症的风险也明显较低根据“have fewer car___7___(crash)”可知，本句含有比较含义，因此应填比较级。故填lower。
【49题详解】
考查介词。be born with，“天生具有”，固定结构。故填with。
【50题详解】
考查时态。句意：但是在过去的十年里，通过核磁共振扫描和在老鼠和猴子身上的实验，科学家们证实人类的大脑在一生中都是有可塑性的。分析可知，所填动词为句中谓语，根据时间状语“in the past decade”可知，应用现在完成时。故填have confirmed。
【点睛】语法填空题之形容词比较级
方法归纳：若括号中所给的是形容词或副词，有可能考查其比较等级或最高级；注意than或比较级的修饰词等标志性词或上下文中暗含的比较；其次还要注意一些特殊句式，如：the＋比较级，the＋比较级；“否定词(can’t/couldn’t＋比较级”表示最高级等。比如文章的第8小题：
Formal tests have found that older people ___6(who/that)___ play enough hours of this particular kind of game have fewer car ___7(crashes)___ (crash) and even, apparently, a ___8___ (low) risk of dementia.
分析可知，根据前文“fewer”说明上下文中暗含比较，因此所填形容词low应用比较级形式。故填lower。
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题l分，满分10分）
51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：
1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Our school offers a variety of activities to students after school, especially arts activities. There are lots of music club on campus. In my great delight, I have joined the orchestra there I have made lots of new friends. Sometime, we represent our school in regional competitions and that is worthwhile to join in these contests. Amazingly, we also have a robotics club, which wins a national robot contest last month so it is getting increasing popular at present. In addition, academic clubs are offered as well, include the writing club and the French film club.
Although we have much burden of homework, but we still manage to take active part in various activities after school.
【答案】1.club→clubs
2.In→To
3.there→where
4.Sometime→Sometimes
5.that→it
6.wins→won
7.increasing→increasingly
8.include→including
9.去掉but
10.take后加an
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要通过作者的视角介绍了学校为学生提供各种课外活动，尤其是艺术活动，学生们都在积极努力参与其中。
【详解】1.考查名词。句意：校园里有很多音乐俱乐部。club为可数名词，在根据“lots of”可知，应用名词复数。故将club改为clubs。
2.考查介词。句意：使我非常高兴的是，我加入了乐队，在那里我结交了许多新朋友。to one’s delight，“令某人高兴的是”，固定结构。故将In改为To。
3.考查定语从句。句意：使我非常高兴的是，我加入了乐队，在那里我结交了许多新朋友。分析可知，“I have made lots of new friends”应是之前名词“the orchestra”的定语从句，先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故将there改为where。
4.考查副词。句意：有时，我们代表学校参加地区性的比赛，参加这些比赛是值得的。分析可知，频率副词位于句首作状语，sometime虽为副词，但意为“某个时候”，与句意表达不符，应用sometimes，意为“有时”。故将Sometime改为Sometimes。
5.考查it作形式主语。句意：有时，我们代表学校参加地区性的比赛，参加这些比赛是值得的。分析可知，句子主语是“to join in these contests”，因此应用it作形式主语。故将that改为it。
6.考查时态。句意：令人惊讶的是，我们还有一个机器人俱乐部，它赢得了上个月的全国机器人比赛，所以它现在越来越受欢迎。分析可知，从句时间状语为“last month”，应用一般过去时。故将wins改为won。
7.考查副词。句意：令人惊讶的是，我们还有一个机器人俱乐部，它赢得了上个月的全国机器人比赛，所以它现在越来越受欢迎。副词作状语修饰形容词popular。故将increasing改为increasingly。
8.考查介词。句意：此外，还有学术俱乐部，包括写作俱乐部和法国电影俱乐部。including为介词后接名词。include改为including。
9.考查连词。句意：虽然我们有很多的家庭作业的负担，但我们仍然设法积极参加各种活动放学后。分析可知，“although we have much burden of homework”应是让步状语从句，表达转折含义，其后主句无需but作为连词。故将but去掉。
10.考查冠词。句意：虽然我们有很多的家庭作业的负担，但我们仍然设法积极参加各种活动放学后。take an active part in，“积极参加”，active首字母的发音为元音音素。故在take后加an。
【点睛】短文改错口诀之--动词
主要包括两类错误：动词的时态和语态错误，以及主、谓不一致的错误。找出此类错误的关键是树立牢固的时态概念，注意短文内容发生或存在的时间，保持时间概念的一致性。比如文章的第6处错误：
Amazingly, we also have a robotics club, which wins a national robot contest last month so it is getting increasing popular at present.
分析可知，“which wins a national robot contest last month…”应是定语从句，从句中的时间词为last month，因此，从句谓语应用一般过去时。因此wins用错，应改为won。
第二节：书面表达（满分2S分）
52.假如你是李华，你的英国朋友Tom得知你将要作为交换生去他们的学校学习，特意来信表示欢迎，并且问你有什么需要他们帮助的。请你给Tom回信，内容包括：
1.表示感谢；
2.询问相关课程；
3.了解注意事项。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.开头和结尾已经给出。
Dear Tom,
Long time no see.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Looking forward to seeing you as soon as possible.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Tom,
Long time no see. I’m greatly delighted to receive your letter where you expressed your welcome to my coming. Being as an exchange student, I will start my journey to England. I really appreciate your help because I do have some problems to learn about.
Firstly, I'd like some information about the course, for example, the subject of the course we will study, the schedule of the class, and the instructor, so that I can arrange my spare time, when I could do some sightseeing in England. Secondly, there are certainly many differences between Chinese and British cultures. So, in order to avoid embarrassment, can you give me some tips on interpersonal communication in advance?
Looking forward to seeing you as soon as possible.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生写一封回信。对英国朋友对自己的关心表述感谢并询问有关交换生学习生活的信息以及注意事项。
【详解】第一步：审题
体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态应为一般现在时和一般将来时。
结构：三段式结构。第一段表述感谢和写信目的；第二段询问信息和注意事项；第三段寒暄结束。
要求：1. 表述感谢和写信目的（be appreciated; learn about）
2询问相关情况和注意事项
1）询问相关课程（I'd like some information about the course）
2）了解注意事项（give me some tips）
3.寒暄结束（Looking forward to seeing you as soon as possible.）
第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）
be delighted to; learn about; would like sth; the schedule of; do something sightseeing; in order to; give sb. some tips on sth.; in advance
第三步：连词成句
1. I’m greatly delighted to receive your letter where you expressed your welcome to my coming.
2. I really appreciate your help because I do have some problems to learn about.
3. Firstly, I'd like some information about the course, for example, the subject of the course we will study, the schedule of the class, and the instructor, so that I can arrange my spare time, when I could do some sightseeing in England.
4. So, in order to avoid embarrassment, can you give me some tips on interpersonal communication in advance?
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）
1.表文章结构顺序：first of all; firstly/first; secondly/second…; and then; finally; in the end; at last
2表因果关系：because; as; so; thus; therefore; as a result; so that…
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，
第五步：润色修改
【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。
1.作者在范文中使用了较多主从复合句，如：
I’m greatly delighted to receive your letter where you expressed your welcome to my coming.( 我很高兴收到你的来信，你在信中表示欢迎我的到来。)这句话运用了where引导定语从句修饰先行词letter。
I really appreciate your help because I do have some problems to learn about.( 我真的很感谢你的帮助，因为我确实有一些问题需要了解。)这句话运用了because引导原因状语从句。
Firstly, I'd like some information about the course, for example, the subject of the course we will study, the schedule of the class, and the instructor, so that I can arrange my spare time, when I could do some sightseeing in England.( 首先，我想了解一些关于课程的信息，例如，我们将要学习的课程的主题，课程的安排，以及老师，这样我就可以安排我的空闲时间，可以在英国观光。)这句话运用了so that引导目的状语从句，以及when引导非限制性定语从句，其先行词为spare time。
2.使用了一些固定词组，如be delighted to; learn about; would like sth; the schedule of; do something sightseeing; in order to; give sb. some tips on sth.; in advance等。
全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。
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