上海市进才中学2021-2022学年高三上学期期中英语考试试题（原卷版）

这是一份上海市进才中学2021-2022学年高三上学期期中英语考试试题（原卷版），共10页。试卷主要包含了 A等内容，欢迎下载使用。

Directins: After reading the passage belw, fill in the blanks t make the passages cherent and grammatically crrect. Fr the blanks with a given wrd, fill in each blank with the prper frm f the given wrd; fr the ther blanks, use ne wrd that best fits each blank.
Bdy fat helps fight infectins
Did yu pile n the punds this Christmas? At least yu can take sme cmfrt in the knwledge ____1____ nt all fat is bed. Evidence in mice and mnkeys suggest it is imprtant fr string essential immune(免疫的) cells and it ____2____ well imprve their effectiveness at fighting infectin.
Yasmine Belkaid at the US Natinal Institutes f Health and her team have fund that a type f immune cell - called a memry T-cell -- seems ____3____ (stre) in the bdy fat f mice.
These cells learn t fight infectin. Once cming int cntact with a pathgen(病原体), they munt a strnger respnse if encuntering ____4____ again.
When the researchers infected mice ____5____ bacteria they fund that memry T-cells accumulated densely in the animal's bdy fat. Tests shwed that these cells appeared ____6____ (effective) than thse stred in ther rgans, fr example by being better at releasing infectin-fighting chemicals.
After the mice ____7____ (expse) t the same pathgens again, the memry T-cells stred in their fat were the fastest t respnd.
Belkaid's team fund mnkeys als have plenty f memry T-cells in their bdy fat, and that these cells wrked better than thse frm ther rgans.
"It means that fat tissue is nt nly a place t stre memry cells but thse memry cells shw sme ____8____ (enhance) functins," says Belkaid. "The tissue has sme magic that can activate the T-cells."
The findings shuld change the way ____9____ we think abut fat, says Anthny Ferrante At Clumbia University, New Yrk. "I dn't think the small amunt f fat we have frm the gse at Christmas are ging t affect ur immune systems. But ne perhaps can feel relaxed after understanding that gd things are ging n in ur fat ____10____ we're eating."
Sectin B
Directins: Fill in each blank with a prper wrd chsen frm the bx. Each wrd can nly be used nce. Nte that there is ne wrd mre than yu need.
It was 1975. Washingtn largely pened America's drs, letting in sme 300,000 refugees frm Vietnam, Las and Cambdia ver the next fur years. Jseph R. Biden Jr., then a yung senatr frm Delaware, c-spnsred landmark legislatin that wn apprval in the Senate and was signed int law in 1980, generally ____11____ the number allwed int the cuntry each year.
As similar scenes f chas and desperatin ____12____ in Kabul（喀布尔）with the cnclusin f America's 20-year war in Afghanistan, mst analysts said there was little chance the cuntry wuld repeat the extensive refugee resettlement effrt that ____13____ the end f the war in Vietnam. Cncerns ver terrrism and the crnavirus pandemic almst eliminated the pssibility f a similar mass mbilizatin.
The refugee law that Mr. Biden c-spnsred calls fr the president t determine the number f refugee admissins fr a given year based n humanitarian cncerns r what is therwise in the natinal ____14____, giving the White Huse wide freedm.
When the prgram began in 1980 the U. S. ____15____ the number f refugees at 234,000. But that limit has trended generally dwnward since the presidency f Dnald J. Trump, whse hstility t all kinds f immigratin was a crnerstne f his administratin.
Mr. Biden ran n a(n) ____16____ t adpt a mre humane plicy and rebuild the resettlement prgram, but the cuntry may admit the lwest number f refugees in the histry f the prgram partly because the pandemic delayed the ____17____ f applicatins.
Faith-based grups acrss Afghanistan are vlunteering t help spnsr Afghan families. But with large numbers f peple ____18____ vilence and pverty in Central America and ther cuntries pushing recently acrss the brder with Mexic, sme cnservatives are calling fr a hard line against large numbers f Afghan refugees. They cautined that thusands f Afghans culd be transprted t Frt McCy in his state withut apprpriate screening, thus ____19____ resulting in "millins" f Afghan immigrants invading America.
Sme Americans said they wuld rather accept rdinary immigrants cming t lk fr better lives than refugees getting away frm war and vilence because "Refugees start t lk mre freign r ____20____ t peple in the U. S. Therefre, instead f being seen as peple curageusly escaping persecutin（迫害）, they are seen as peple wh will be an ecnmic burden."
III. Reading Cmprehensins Sectin A
Directins: Fr each blank in the fllwing passage, there are fur wrds r phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the wrd r phrase that best fits the cntext.
Unwrapping yur shpping t find yu have bught muldy (发霉的) bread, rtten fruit and sur milk culd sn becme a thing f the past, thanks t the range f emerging 'active packaging' technlgies. While traditinal packaging simply ___21___ a barrier that prtects fd, active packaging can d a lt mre. Sme materials ___22___ with the prduct t imprve it in sme way, r prvide better infrmatin n the state it is in. ___23___, they may absrb xygen inside a wrapper t help prevent fd spilage r shw whether ptentially dangerus fds like red meat and chicken have been stred at unsafe temperatures.
One f the new breed f packaging technlgies that has just gne n the market in France is a ‘time temperature indicatr’. Stres where the prduct has already been intrduced reprt that far fewer cnsumers are returning ___24___ fd. The indicatr is basically a label that ___25___ the temperature a package has been kept at and fr hw lng. The label has a dark ring arund a lighter circle. The central ring cntains a chemical which plymerises (聚合), changing clur as it des s frm ___26___ t dark. If the package stays cl, the reactin is slw, but increasing the temperature speeds up the plymerizatin. When the inner circle darkens, it means the prduct is n lnger ___27___ fresh.
Smart packaging can als cntrl the ___28___ f the atmsphere inside a cntainer. Fr instance, the make-up f xygen (O2) and carbn dixide (CO2) within packaged vegetables will influence their freshness. This can be hard t cntrl in a sealed package, since vegetables ___29___ mre xygen and give ff mre carbn dixide as the package gets warmer. A firm in Califrnia is trying t slve the prblem with a wrapper it calls ‘Intelimer’ which changes its permeability (渗透) as the temperature changes in a way that keeps different prduces at their best O2/CO2 ____30____.
Decay can als be ____31____ by cntrlling the envirnment inside a package with an ‘xygen scavenger’(清除剂). ____32____, this is achieved by placing a small bag filled with irn pwder in the package — any xygen in the package is cnsumed by the irn as it xidises. Hwever, cnsumers dn't ____33____ finding small bags marked ‘Dn't eat in their fd’, s a cmpany in New Jersey is making a wrap that itself cnsumes xygen. The ____34____ includes an inner layer f an xidisable plymer (聚合物) that traps xygen in the same way as irn.
It is predicted that between 20 and 40 per cent f all fd packaging will sn be ____35____.
21. A. acts asB. belngs tC. deals withD. relies n
22. A. interweaveB. matchC. interactD. interfere
23. A. Even sB. Fr instanceC. In cnsequenceD. What's mre
24. A. brkenB. inadequateC. spiltD. unnecessary
25. A. elevatesB. lwersC. prjectsD. tracks
26. A. neutralB. plainC. clearD. cludy
27. A. guaranteedB. bservedC. purchasedD. recgnized
28. A. cmpsitinB. cntextC. temperatureD. tightness
29. A. generateB. cnsumeC. affectD. integrate
30. A. cmpnentsB. cncentratinsC. mixturesD. restrictins
31. A. taken nB. sped upC. turned awayD. slwed dwn
32. A. ThereticallyB. ApparentlyC. SurprisinglyD. Currently
33. A. resistB. mindC. favrD. prtest
34. A. metalB. frmC. pwderD. material
35. A. effectiveB. prductiveC. activeD. inviting
Sectin B
Directins: Read the fllwing tw passage. Each passage is fllwed by several questins r unfinished statements. Fr each f them there are fur chices marked A, B, C and D. Chse the ne that fits best accrding t the infrmatin given in the passage yu have just read.
(A)
Prfessr Heinz Wlff, wh has died aged 89, was a biengineering pineer. He established the discipline, named it and, in a 60-year career, made significant cntributins t medicalresearch.But t the British public, he was best knwn as the"dtty scientist' wh frnted The Great Egg Race, a BBC shw in which clur-cded teams were set engineering challenges（the first was t transprt an egg in a vehicle pwered by rubber bands）.With his trademark bw tie, half-mn glasses and Mittel-Eurpean accent, he lked really like Prfessr Branestawn, as described by W. Heath Rbinsn. Yet while he cheerfully explited his reputatin as a "peculiar egghead'", he was very serius abut his wrk and inspired thusands f yung peple t cnsider scientific careers.
Brn in Berlin in 1928, Heinz Wlff was the sn f Jewish parents.His mther died in 1938, and the next year the family fled.They arrived in Britain n the day war was declared."We really cut it rather fine," he said n Desert Island Discs in 1998.After leaving schl, he wrked as a technician at the Radcliffe Infirmary in Oxfrd.where he invented a machine t cunt red bld cells, and then at the Natinal Institute fr Medical Research's pneumcnisis research unit in Cardiff, where he designed a means f measuring dust levels in cal miners.He went n t study at University Cllege Lndn and graduated with a first in physics and physilgy. Then, in 1983, he funded the Institute fr Biengineering at Brunel University.His particular interest was in technlgies t imprve the lives f lder peple, but he was als heavily invlved in space research and wrked as an adviser t the Eurpean Space Agency.
Wlff had made his first appearance n TV n Panrama in 1966,encuraging Richard Dimbleby t swallw a“radi pill'".On The Great Egg Race, which ran frm 1979,his task was t get ppnent teams representing rganizatins such as the chemical cmpany ICI. Challenges included building a hvercraft frm a lawnmwer, and inventing a bicycle that culd ride n water.Marks were awarded fr entertainment value and technical accmplishment.The shw ended in the mid-l980s,but Wlff cntinued t judge scientific cmpetitins, n TV and elsewhere. A natural entertainer with an inexhaustible curisity abut the wrld, he said he'd be happy t dress up as a clwn if it gt children interested in science.
36. The wrd “dtty” (paragraph1) is clsest in meaning t ________ .
A. peculiarB. seriusC. famusD. genius
37. Which f the fllwing statements is TRUE f Heinz Wlff accrding t the passage？
A. His family left Berlin after Wrld War II began.
B. He used t majr in physics and physilgy.
C. He invented a machine while in University Cllege Lndn.
D. His interest lay in helping thse living in war-stricken areas.
38. Heinz Wlff didn't mind lking ridiculus as lng as _________ .
A. he culd keep being curius abut the wrld
B. he culd cmbine entertainment and technlgy
C. he culd help aruse children's interest in science
D. he culd appear n TV t judge scientific cmpetitins
39. Which f the fllwing is an achievement made by Heinz Wlff？
A. Representing a chemical cmpany.B. Designing a methd t cunt red bld cells.
C. Being the first scientist t frnt TV shws.D. Setting up the subject f biengineering.
(B)
Public Ntice f Sleep N Mre Shanghai
1. What prtective measures at Sleep N Mre have been put in place?
• The shw area will be cleaned with disinfectant three times a day, including befre and after each perfrmance.
• The number r audiences fr each perfrmance will nt exceed 75% r maximum capacity.
• All audience and staff' members are required t wear face masks in the shw area.
• T leave sufficient time fr disinfectin, the start time fr matinee (日场) perfrmance n weekends has been adjusted t 14:00.
2. What d I need t prepare befre the shw? Are there any adjustments t the shw?
• Please apply fr the Shanghai Health Cde and check that it's green in advance.
• Befre entry, the bdy temperature f all audience members must be taken.
• Audience members will nt be admitted under any f the fllwing circumstances:
• dn't wear yur face mask;
• yur Shanghai Health Cde is invalid r nt in a green status;
• yur bdy temperature is abve 37.3℃;
• any ther symptm f COVID-19 is bserved.
• The McKinnn Htel's custmized will be n sale fr audience.
3. Is the Sleep N Mre cmpany mnitring the health status f its perfrmers as well as staff members?
All Chinese and internatinal perfrmers as well as staff members f Sleep N Mre have been quarantined fr 14 days with n symptms.
• Bdy temperatures are taken and recrded daily.
• Any member f the cmpany will be put in self-quarantine if they reprt any symptms and sent t hspital if necessary.
4. After bking nline, can I cllect my paper ticket befrehand?
• T minimize risk, it is nw pssible t cllect paper tickets befre the date f shw at the bx ffice.
• Please cllect yur tickets at the Sleep N Mre bx ffice up t tw weeks in advance.
• Audience members will be admitted via their paper tickets.
• Kind reminder: please keep yur papers ticket safe as it will nt be replaced if lst.
• The bx ffice will be pen frm 10:30 t 17:00, seven days a week.
5. After bking, can I get a refund fr my ticket r exchange it fr anther date?
If the bked perfrmance is cancelled due t frce majeure, ticket refunds r exchanges will be available.
Otherwise, ticket exchange is nly available under any f the fllwing circumstances:
• The audience member cannt cme t shw due t COVID-19.
• The audience member's bdy temperature is abve 37.3℃ and cannt be admitted t Sleep N Mre.
40. Which f the fllwing is nt included in prtective measures?
A. The shw area must be thrughly disinfected.B. The audience number is limited.
C. All the audience must wear face masks.D. Public restrms are frbidden.
41. Accrding t the passage, which f the fllwing is true?
A. Audience can enter the shw area at nn n weekends.
B. Audience can exchange e-tickets fr paper tickets up t 14 days in advance.
C. If audience hld the Shanghai Health Cde, they dn't need t take bdy temperature.
D. Internatinal perfrmers have been quarantined fr 14 days befre entering China.
42. Which f the fllwing situatin allws audience t keep the ticket valid?
A. Audience meet with frce majeure.B. Audience lse the paper tickets.
C. Audience are infected with COVID-19 after bking the tickets.D. Audience have clse cntact with perfrmers f the shw.
(C)
The study f psychlgy is facing a crisis. The Research Excellence Framewrk(the Ref) has led t a research culture which is hlding back attempts t stabilize psychlgy in particular, and science in general. The Ref encurages universities t push fr grundbreaking, nvel, and exciting research in the frm f 4* papers, but it des nt reward the effrts f thse wh replicate(复制) studies.
The pint f replicating a study is t test whether a statistically significant result will appear again if the experiment is repeated. Of curse, a similar result may nt appear – casting int questin the validity(有效性) f the results frm the first experiment.
Last year, the Open Science Cllabratin attempted t replicate 100 studies frm highly ranked psychlgical jurnals. While 97% f the riginal studies had a statistically significant result, just 36% f the replicatins had the same utcme. Equally wrrying: when an effect did appear, it was ften much smaller than previusly thught.
Recent data calls int questin sme widely influential findings in psychlgical science. These prblems are nt cnfined t psychlgy hwever – many findings published in scientific literature may actually be false.
Science is suppsed t be self-crrecting and reprducibility is a crnerstne f the scientific methd. Yet, we simply aren’t invested in replicating findings. We all want t be gd researchers and understand mre abut hw the wrld wrks. S why are we s reluctant t check ur cnclusins are valid?
Because n incentive is prvided by the system we carry ut ur research in. In the UK, the Ref ranks the published wrks f researchers accrding t their riginality (hw innvative is the research?), significance (des it have practical r cmmercial imprtance?), and rigur (is the research technically right?). Outputs are then awarded ne t fur stars. 4* papers are cnsidered wrld-leading. The cumulative ttal f 3* and 4* papers determines research funding allcatin and has a knck-n effect n institutinal psitin in league tables(排名表) and therefre attractiveness t students. Obviusly, the mre publicatins the better.
Wrryingly, many academics admit t engaging in at least ne questinable research practice in rder t achieve publicatin. Examples f this include: cming up with a thery after data is cllected, stpping cllecting data when an effect appears in case it disappears later, r nly reprting the significant effects frm cllected data. Others simply fabricate data – Dutch psychlgist Diederik Stapel shckingly falsified data frm mre than 50 studies.
The Ref cmpletely harms ur effrts t prduce a reliable bdy f knwledge. Why? The fcus n riginality – publicatins explring new areas f research using new paradigms, and aviding testing well-established theries – is the exact ppsite f what science needs t be ding t slve the trubling replicatin crisis. Accrding t Ref standards, replicating an already published piece f wrk is simply uninteresting.
With the next Ref just fur years away, many researchers are effectively faced with a chice: be a gd scientist, r be a successful academic wh gets funding and a prmtin.
43. What crisis is the study f psychlgy facing?
A. The Ref has led t a revlutin in nt-nly psychlgy but als science.
B The universities are encuraged t generate mre grundbreaking research.
C. The Ref tends t set up a different standard f replicatins f studies.
D. The Ref’s indifference t replicatins f studies has led t wrrying effects.
44. The Ref’s fcus n riginality has brught abut _______.
A. a reliable bdy f knwledge
B. publicatins explring new areas
C. tests f well- established theries
D. uninteresting replicatins f studies
45. We can infer frm the passage that the Ref _______.
A. is a system fr assessing the quality f research in UK universities
B. prvides UK researchers with funding and jb pprtunities
C. recgnizes researchers’ wrk and adds t their attractiveness t students
D. is planning t change its standard befre the next Ref submissin
46. What des the writer mean by saying “be a gd scientist”?
A. Cntribute t the slutin t the replicatin crisis.
B. Refrm the standards that have been set up by the Ref.
C. Give up pssible funding and prmtin given by universities.
D. Avid using false research practices t test ld theries.
Sectin C
Directins: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a prper sentence given in the bx. Each sentence can be used nly nce. Nte that there are tw mre sentences than yu need.
Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Fill in each blank with a prper sentence given in the bx. Each sentence can be used nly nce. Nte that there are tw mre sentences than yu need.
“My wrk is dne.” Thse wrds were sme f the last penned by Gerge Eastman. He included them in his suicide nte. They mark an ignble end t a nble life, the leave taking f a truly great man. The same wrds culd nw be said fr the cmpany he left behind. Actually, the Eastman Kdak Cmpany is thrugh. It has been mismanaged financially, technlgically and cmpetitively. ___47___ One f America’s bedrck brands is abut t disappear, the Kdak mment has passed.
But Gerge Eastman is nt hw he died, and the Eastman Kdak Cmpany is nt hw it is being killed. Thugh the ends are needless and premature, they must nt be allwed t vershadw the greatness that came befre. Few cmpanies have dne s much gd fr s many peple, r defined and lifted s prfundly the spirit f a natin and perhaps the wrld. ___48___
Kdak served mankind thrugh entertainment, science, natinal defense and the stckpiling f family memries. Kdak tk us t the tp f Munt Suribachi and t the Sea f Tranquility. It intrduced us t the merry ld Land f Oz and t stars frm Charlie Chaplin t Jhn Wayne, and Elizabeth Taylr t Tm Hanks. ___49___ When that sailr kissed the nurse, and when the spy planes saw missiles in Cuba, Kdak was the eyes f a natin. Frm the deck f the Missuri t the grandeur f Mnument Valley, Kdak tk us there. Virtually every significant image f the 20th Century is a gift t generatin frm the Eastman Kdak Cmpany. ___50___ Yes, there were phtgraphers, and fr relatively large sums f mney they wuld take unnatural pictures in studis and frmal settings. But mst peple culdn’t affrd phtgraphs, and s all they had t remember distant lved nes, r earlier times f their lives, was memry. Children culd nt knw what their parents had lked like as yung peple, grandparents far away might never learn what their grandchildren lked like. Eastman Kdak allwed memry t mve frm the uncertainty f recllectin, t the permanence f a phtgraph. But it wasn’t just peple whse features were savable; it was events, the precius times that families cherish. The Kdak mment, was humanity’s mment.
A. It shwed us the sht that killed President Kennedy and his brther bleeding ut n a kitchen flr.
B. Gerge Eastman was nt nly interested in cmmercial prfits, but als in the imprvement f ther peple’s lives.
C. In an era f easy digital phtgraphy, when we can take a picture f anything at any time, we cannt imagine what life was like befre Gerge Eastman brught phtgraphy t peple.
D. Fr 20 years, its leaders have flishly spent dwn the patrimny(祖传的财物) f a century’s prsperity.
E. Befre Gerge Eastman brught phtgraphy t peple, painting was the nly way fr peple t keep a recrd f their ancestrs.
F. It is impssible t understand the 20th Century withut recgnizing the rle f the Eastman Kdak Cmpany.
IV. Summary Writing
51. Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Summarize the main idea and the main pint(s) f the passage in n mre than 60 wrds. Use yur wn wrds as far as pssible.
Much time and effrt has been devted t researching the mental health benefits f flexible wrk envirnments, but can the ability t leave wrk early t watch yur sn’s sccer game, r arrive at the ffice a bit later in the mrning in rder t see t sme persnal matters, have physical health benefits besides making yu feel a bit relaxed?
Accrding t new research published in the Cchrane Library Database f Systematic Reviews, it seems s. In a review f 10 previus studies examining the health effects f unfixed wrk cnditins fr mre than 16,000 peple, researchers frm the U.K.. Durham University and University f Newcastle, as well as the University f Mntreal, fund that flexible wrk schedules, fr instance, when emplyees can shift their starting times, were assciated with imprvements in a persn’s verall health. In additin, perhaps, unsurprisingly, in all f the studies included in the review, researchers fund n evidence fr negative effects f mre flexible wrk schedules.
This initial analysis was intended t thrw light n the ptential health benefits f flexible wrk ptins, which are increasingly ppular thrughut Scandinavia, and have recently gained sme grund in the U.K. Fr example, last April, the British gvernment implemented a plicy that allwed parents f children aged six and under t request flexible wrk arrangements t include parents f children aged 16 and yunger. In the U.S., the phenmenn is a bit slwer t catch n. Yet, the ecnmic slwdwn f recent years may have cntributed t grwth in wrkplace flexibility—as cmpanies unable t reward emplyees with bnuses r raises may turn t ther frms f cmpensatin, Reuters reprted early last year.
Original analysis t, f curse, indicated the benefits f flexible wrk envirnments tward psitive mental health utcmes. And while these latest findings are prmising, the researchers stress that mre study is vital t understanding the detailed relatinship between flexible wrk and imprved health utcmes. T truly grasp the benefits f flexible wrking cnditins, the researchers say, additinal study analyzing health utcmes amng a wide range f wrkers—frm high-ranking executives t hurly emplyees – is critical, which helps t gain a deeper understanding f the issue, and t shape future wrkplace plicy.
V. Translatin
Directins: Translate the fllwing sentences int English, using the wrds given in the brackets.
52. 两天后他才意识到事情的严重性。(befre)（汉译英）
53. 与羽毛球相比，乒乓球对国人的吸引力更大。(appeal) （汉译英）
54. 这位名校毕业的求职者给面试官们留下了极好的第一印象，他们当场拍板录用。(Such) （汉译英）
55. 欧洲人向中国购买高铁已经是司空见惯了，因为我们在通讯技术、工程技术、移动支付领域已经是世界领先了。(practice) （汉译英）
VI. Guided Writing
56. Directins: Write an English cmpsitin in 120-150 wrds accrding t the instructins given belw in Chinese.
在明年高考结束后三个月的假期中，上海志愿者协会将开展两场不同的志愿者活动。请谈谈你会选择哪个活动，并陈述你的理由。
A. capped；B. eventually；C. fleeing；D. cmmitment；E. accmpanied
F. unflded；G. expanding；H. interest；I. dissimilar；J. prcessing；K. urgently
项目内容
内容
持续时间
费用
尼泊尔(Nepal)支教
1. 教授当地小学生简单的中文、英文介绍中国文化
2. 组织课余活动
连续一个月，每周五天
4000元（含食宿），机票自理
上海动物园志愿者
1. 喂养动物
2. 维持秩序
3. 向游客宣传保护动物的知识
持续两个月，每周三次
午饭自理