2021届北京市东城区高三下学期二模英语试卷及答案(Word版+PDF版)

这是一份2021届北京市东城区高三下学期二模英语试卷及答案(Word版+PDF版)，文件包含2021东城二模试题20210507docx、北京市东城区20202021学年度第二学期高三综合练习二英语pdf、北京市东城区20202021学年度第二学期高三综合练习二英语答案pdf等3份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共23页， 欢迎下载使用。

英语
2021.5
本试卷共 10页，共 100 分。考试时长 90 分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Last week, I drve t Je’s Hardware t get a few items. Upn returning t my 1 , I nticed a cat underneath and bent dwn t investigate. At this pint, my wallet fell ff—but I didn’t ntice it was 2 until abut an hur later. I 3 my steps, asked arund and tre my car inside ut. Nthing. I lst my wallet.
After this fact sank in, I was abut t call the bank and have them 4 me a new credit card when a little vice inside my head said, “Wha! 5 . Smene must have picked it up. An average citizen, just like yu. What wuld she r he d?”
S I held back and I was ging t give it a day. Then, early that evening, I was surfing the Internet fr a new wallet when I heard a knck n the dr. There was a man wh I did nt 6 . Culd it be?
After we exchanged greetings, he 7 me my wallet. He fund it in the parking lt, thught f drpping it ff at Je’s Hardware but 8 t drive ver and return it in persn.
He tld me his 9 , but I was vercme with emtin and cannt be 100% sure. I think it was David. I ffered him a cash reward but he refused. He was just a regular guy ding the right thing.
David, thank yu s very much fr returning my wallet and reinfrcing my belief that there are sme gd and 10 peple arund.
1. A. carB. hmeC. bankD. shp
2. A. brkenB. emptyC. stlenD. missing
3. A. recveredB. recrdedC. retracedD. reduced
4. A. lanB. sendC. shwD. pass
5. A. Cme nB. Cheer upC. Slw dwnD. Lk ut
6. A. dubt B. recgnizeC. admireD. remember
7. A. awarded B. fundC. brughtD. handed
8. A. happenedB. decided C. intendedD. hesitated
9. A. ageB. hbbyC. nameD. jb
10. A. decent B. curageusC. cautius D. humble
第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A
I grew up in a remte village. There was n such thing as a bk in mst families. It was at the schl library that I 11 (discver) the jy f reading. There I spent hurs reading whatever attracted my interest. I’m sure I did nt understand everything in thse bks at the time. 12 I did understand was the pleasure that gd stries ffer and the pwer f bks t intrduce me t lives and experiences 13 my wn. I was “hked n bks,” as the saying ges.
B
Wind is ne f ur cleanest and mst abundant pwer surces. Eurpe is leading the way in wind pwer. Nearly 75% f all turbines(风力发电机) 14 (lcate) there. The cuntry that prduces the mst energy frm wind is Germany. Hwever, Germany 15 (cnsume) a lt f energy, and wind nly supplies abut 5% f all its electrical needs. Denmark is the glbal leader in this field, which uses wind 16 (supply) almst 20% f its energy.
C
There are tw different ways t think abut an ld shipwreck(沉船). Sme peple value its financial wrth. They’ve spent a lt f time and mney searching fr the wreck. When they 17 (final) find it, they believe that the ship and its cntents shuld be 18 (they). These peple are usually referred t as treasure hunters. Fr ther peple, hwever, a ship 19 (lie) at the bttm f the sea is a valuable pprtunity t study hw citizens frm past cultures lived and traveled. Thse peple are marine archaelgists, 20 study underwater histrical sites.
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Liu Jichen, funder and CEO f Clear Plate®, designed a mini-prgram that recgnizes empty plates and rewards users with pints. These pints can be exchanged fr gifts like bks and cellphnes, r better yet, they can be used t purchase charity meals dnated t pr children in rural areas f China.
In 2016, Liu, a then student f Tsinghua University, nticed a ppular campaign called “Leftver Party”, where peple brught their leftvers t eat tgether, intending t raise awareness f fd waste. Liu and his classmates rganized ne such event, which was attended by hundreds f peple. The success encuraged him t spread the cncept f reducing fd waste t a wider audience.
The idea f a mini-prgram struck him at a dinner in 2017 when Liu dined at a restaurant, which rewarded diners wh finished ff their fd. Liu fund that the restaurant wuld give these diners a card every time and ffer them small gifts when they cllected a certain number f cards. “Everyne wh values fd can enjy a sense f gain at a lwer cst,” Liu said, nting that such an idea culd be realized nline.
He frmed a team t wrk n the prject. Yet it was quite a challenge fr the AI system t identify the upladed phts. Liu and his team, assisted by mre than 1,000 thers, spent half a year cllecting ver 100,000 samples acrss the cuntry t train the digital brain.
“There were s many uncertainties in research and develpment. Fr ur team members, the biggest challenge was whether we were cnfident enugh t cmplete it,” Liu said. They nt nly achieved their gal, but nw, the mini-prgram has mre than five millin registered users. “We hpe t inspire everyne t take actin against fd waste and t cntribute Chinese wisdm and slutins t glbal fd security challenges,” he added.
21. What inspired Liu Jichen t create the mini-prgram?
A. A restaurant’s practice.B. His interest in high tech.
C. A campaign cncept.D. His classmates’ advice.
22. What is the main aim f the mini-prgram?
A. T increase awareness f charity.
B. T encurage peple t save fd.
C. T cllect phts f empty plates.
D. T prmte bks and ther gifts.
23. Which f the fllwing wrds can best describe Liu Jichen?
A. Generus and ptimistic.B. Lving and easy-ging.
C. Determined and respnsible.D. Grateful and cnsiderate.
B
Fr peple wh struggle t read text, technlgy can be a lifeline. Actually, assistive technlgy (AT) tls fr reading can als be useful t students wh just need sme extra assistance t aid reading fluency r cmprehensin. These tls are inexpensive and easy t find. They pen up the wnderful wrld f reading, making text accessible t students f all abilities. But with s many tls ut there, it’s nt always easy t knw which nes t use.
T help, here’s a guide t sme best nes.
Graphic rganizers
They are visual representatins, like diagrams and mind maps, f ideas and cncepts. Yu can use graphic rganizers t help with cmprehensin while reading. Graphic rganizers can be digital r pen and paper.
Anntatin aids
They let yu take ntes and write cmments while reading. This can make it easier t keep infrmatin. Anntatin aids can be part f sftware r apps, r they can be traditinal pens, markers, and sticky ntes.
Display cntrl
It allws yu t cntrl hw text is displayed. When reading n a screen, yu can change the fnt(字体), fnt size, and spacing f text. Yu can als cver parts f the screen t lessen distractins(干扰) while reading.
Text-t-speech (TTS)
It lets yu see text and hear it read alud at the same time. T use this tl, yu click n wrds, and yu’ll hear the wrds read by cmputer-generated vices. Yu can even read after it and recrd yur wn vice. TTS can als be used t change any digital text files int audi files.
Optical character recgnitin (OCR)
It can read alud text frm images and pictures. Yu can use OCR by taking phts f wrksheets, paper dcuments, and even bjects like street signs. Like TTS, OCR uses cmputer-generated vices.
Keep in mind that using AT reading tls wn’t prevent peple frm learning t read. Fr example, experts say audibks can actually help kids becme better readers.
24. If a reader prefers taking his feelings dwn while reading, he’d better use ______.
A. graphic rganizersB. anntatin aids
C. display cntrlD. text-t-speech
25. What feature makes OCR unique?
A. Changing file types.B. Editing phts f dcuments.
C. Reading wrds in pictures.D. Using cmputer-generated vices.
26. Accrding t the authr, AT reading tls are ______.
A. accessible and beneficialB. expensive but wrthwhile
C. helpful and energy-efficientD. innvative but cmplicated
C
Whether hunting r cmpeting fr limited space and resurces, humans are the planet’s super predatr(捕食者). As the human ppulatin expands, it’s getting harder fr ther creatures t find smewhere t hide during the day. Nw new findings indicate animals arund the wrld have cme up with anther strategy: They are becming ncturnal.
In a paper published in Science, researchers analyzed 76 previus scientific studies abut human impact n animal activity. They cmpared animals’ activity during the day and night in areas f high human disturbance (frm hunting r farming t hiking and ther utdr recreatin) and lw human disturbance (relatively natural cnditins). The analysis shwed animals are becming an average f 1.36 times mre ncturnal due t high human disturbance.
Fr example, in Pland wild bars g frm 48% ncturnal in natural frests t 90% ncturnal in urban areas. Even activities peple cnsider relatively inncuus, such as hiking and wildlife viewing, strngly affected animals’ daily rhythms. “We think that we’re leaving n trace ften when we’re utdrs, but we can be having lasting cnsequences n animal behavir,” says Kaitlyn Gaynr, lead researcher fr the study.
This is nt the first time animals have had t live at night; during the time f dinsaurs, they were als ncturnal. “Dinsaurs were this ubiquitus(无处不在的), scary frce, and nly after their extinctin did mammals(哺乳动物) emerge int the daylight,” Gaynr says. “And nw humans have taken ver and are pushing ther animals back int the night.”
Scientists suspect becming ncturnal may hurt thse species highly adapted t the sun. They might nt be able t live well at night, which wuld ultimately hurt their chances f survival and reprductin. Perhaps even mre alarming effects culd be in the wider ecsystem. In Califrnia’s Santa Cruz Muntains, cytes have been mre ncturnal in respnse t hikers and have started t alter their diets frm daytime prey, such as squirrels and birds, t ncturnal prey, such as rats and rabbits.
Exactly hw eclgical cmmunities will change, and whether it will be fr better r wrse, requires further study. Sme nighttime shifts may benefit bth animals and humans, Gaynr ntes. Fr instance, tigers in Nepal are aviding ptentially deadly cnflicts with peple as they becme mre ncturnal.
Studies like this ne will eventually help cnservatin managers make better decisins abut hw t prtect ecsystems. “We’ll need t understand lcal dynamics t really understand hw we shuld be changing management f wildlife ppulatins r human activities,” Gaynr ntes, “One ptential apprach might be t manage the timing f human activities s that we leave sme f the daylight fr ther animals.”
27. Hw d animals respnd t increasing human disturbance?
A. By limiting fd intake. B. By leaving their habitat.
C. By cntrlling ppulatin.D. By adjusting daily rutine.
28. What des the underlined wrd “inncuus” in Paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A. Harmless. B. Recreatinal.C. Organized.D. Irregular.
29. Why des the authr mentin dinsaurs?
A. T highlight the imprtance f daylight.
B. T indicate the dminatin f humans.
C. T illustrate mammals’ adaptability.
D. T demnstrate dinsaurs’ pwer.
30. What can we learn abut animals’ becming ncturnal?
A. It has led t a new eclgical balance.
B. It demands mre cnservatin areas.
C. It may encurage bi-diversity.
D. It might be duble-edged.
D
An 8-year-ld by I knw is small fr his age, shrter and slighter than his friends, even smaller than his 5-year-ld sister. Cncerned abut the increasing use and pssible risks f grwth hrmne(生长激素), I asked his mther if she’d cnsidered treating him with it. She replied, “Nt really. He’s built like his father, wh was shrt and slight as a by and didn’t sht up until cllege.”
His father, at 41, is nw 6 feet tall, thugh still very slender. He recalls being a reasnably athletic child but withut the physical pwer f his friends, making up fr what he lacked in mass with speed and agility. “I enjyed cmpetitive sprts and wrked n skills thers didn’t have,” he tld me, and said he encurages his sn t recgnize and capitalize n the skills he has.
If nly every parent with a shrt but healthy child apprached the matter as sensibly. Experts estimate that 60% t 80% f children wh are shrt fr their age d nt have a grwth hrmne deficiency(缺乏) r ther medical cnditin that limits grwth. But knwing there’s a therapy available t increase height, sme parents seek a medical slutin fr a perceived prblem, even when there is n medical abnrmality. They shuld als knw, hwever, that new research has linked grwth hrmne treatment t serius unfavrable health effects years later.
Dr. Adda Grimberg, a dctr at Children’s Hspital f Philadelphia, recalled that “Twenty years ag, families were fcused n health. They came in with a child wh was nt grwing right and wanted t knw if there was an underlying disease. Nw, mre and mre, they’re fcused n height. They want grwth hrmne, lking fr a specific height. But this is nt like nline shpping; yu can’t just place an rder and make a child the height yu want.”
In 2003, the Fd and Drug Administratin apprved use f recmbinant human grwth hrmne fr the cnditin knwn as “idipathic shrt stature”, r shrt build f unknwn cause, which is nt a disease. But it has caused a grwing number f parents t cnsider using the hrmne t bst the height f their children.
The resulting rush t therapy reflects cncerns abut a widespread scietal bias(偏见) against shrtness, rather than a true medical need. Experts have nted that the practice backs up the belief that shrt stature is unacceptable, leading t an increasing demand fr therapy. It is far better, Dr. Grimberg suggested, t help a shrt child develp cping skills than t buy inches thrugh medicine.
31. As fr the parents’ attitude t their 8-year-ld by’s shrtness, the authr is ______.
A. critical B. tlerantC. supprtiveD. wrried
32. Hw d many parents tday react t their children’s shrtness?
A. They are eager t get the expected result.
B. They spare n effrt t srt ut the cause.
C. They feel disturbed by their children’s health.
D. They help develp their children’s cping skills.
33. What can we learn abut the grwth hrmne treatment?
A. It might be fficially recmmended.
B. It may fuel height discriminatin.
C. It is pushed by a medical need.
D. It is targeted at certain diseases.
34. Which wuld be the best title fr this passage?
A. Shwer the Shrt with Grwth Hrmnes
B. Find Replacement fr Grwth Hrmnes
C. Assess the Effects f Grwth Hrmnes
D. Weigh the Use f Grwth Hrmnes
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Five Established Memry Bsters
Can’t remember where yu left yur car keys again? 35 And as smartphnes and tablets make it pssible t utsurce memry strage t ur devices, the act f frgetting may be easier than ever. But scientists are still discvering hw everyday actins can lead t enhancements in ur verall memry capacity. Here are a few simple tips fr mastering yur memry:
GET SOME SLEEP. As we’re sleeping, ur brains change recent experiences int lng-term memry, a prcess knwn as cnslidatin. 36 A 2014 Science study fund mice that slept after acquiring a new task were able t preserve the memry better than their cunterparts lacking in sleep.
EXERCISE REGULARLY. If yu need anther reasn t hit the gym, regular exercise—specifically, aerbic exercise—has been shwn t enhance memry recall, particularly in yung adults. Fr lder adults, it can even put ff brain shrinkage.
EAT MORE BERRIES. 37 A grwing bdy f research suggests that snacking n strawberries, blueberries and blackberries can bst the brain’s cmmunicatin pathways. And eating berries, accrding t a 2012 study, culd actually slw memry decline caused by aging.
SAY IT OUT LOUD. 38 But researchers have learned that saying them ut lud — rather than reading infrmatin silently—can result in a majr memry upgrade. If yu’re feeling shy, yu can als try typing r writing it ut, t.
GO TO YOUR MEMORY PALACE. 39 One f these is the methd f lci(轨迹记忆法), r the visualizing f infrmatin as majr stps alng a mental jurney, like an imaginary walk thrugh yur childhd hme. A 2017 study fund that this technique actually reshapes different netwrks f the brain t better supprt memry.
A. Remembering new cncepts isn’t always easy.
B. And a gd night’s sleep can help yu learn, t.
C. Sufficient amunts f vitamin B2 can imprve yur memry.
D. Changing habits is hard, but having mre fruit desn’t sund s bad, right?
E. And we are beginning t understand the imprtance f sleep t verall health.
F. Strategies fr supercharging ur memries have been arund since ancient times.
G. With numerus businesses t deal with in ur brain, it’s easy t let a few things slip thrugh.
第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分）
第一节 阅读表达（共4小题；第1、2题各2分，第3题3分，第4题5分，共12分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。
Digital Inclusin fr Older Adults
As a researcher in the behavir f lder adults, I regularly hear cmplaints frm them like, “I’m just nt part f this wrld anymre. In certain parts f sciety, I just can’t jin… Sme things just are nt pssible if yu are nt in the flw f the Internet.” r “We feel like we’re standing utside a building that we have n access t.”
Tday, mastering digital technlgy has becme a key cmpnent f what it means t fully participate in sciety. But ne area in particular threatens t prevent sme lder adults frm making cnnectins: the digital divide.
As a recent study shws, ne-third f adults aged 65 and lder say they’ve never used the Internet, and half dn’t have Internet access at hme. Of thse wh d use the Internet, nearly half say they need smene else’s help t set up r use a new digital device.
In cntrast t cncerns abut technlgy use increasing islatin(孤立；隔离) amng yunger ppulatins, the cmmunicatin and cnnectin pssible nline can be especially valuable fr lder adults wh are hmebund, live far away frm family, r have lst the lved nes. Older adults can use nline tls t cnnect with friends and family via messaging platfrms, vide chat, and scial media even if they can n lnger physically visit them. And they can engage with the utside wrld thrugh news, blgs, streaming platfrms, and email, even if they are n lnger able t mve abut as easily as they nce culd.
Fr lder adults in particular, the risks assciated with scial islatin are prfund. Lneliness amng lder adults has been assciated with depressin, functinal decline, and death. Technlgy can serve as an imprtant tl t help reduce these risks, but nly if we prvide lder adults with the skills they need, t make inclusin in the digital wrld accessible t them.
The imprtance f digital inclusin is nt ging t disappear with the generatinal changes f the cming decades. Technlgy is cntinuusly develping, and with each new digital innvatin cme challenges fr even yunger adults t adapt.
40. What prevents sme lder adults frm cnnecting with sciety?
41. What d the statistics in Paragraph 3 indicate?
42. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
Enabling lder adults t access the digital wrld can help them recver frm depressin and functinal decline.
43. Please briefly present yur pinin n digital inclusin. (abut 40 wrds)
第二节（20分）
假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。毕业在即，同学们想请曾在你班学习的英国学生Jim录制一段视频。作为班长，请你给Jim写一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1.视频内容；
2.其它相关事项。
注意：1．词数100左右；
开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,





Yurs,
Li Hua
（请务必将作文写在答题卡指定区域内）