2022届湖南省永州市第一中学高三上学期第二次月考英语试题（解析版）

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2022届湖南省永州市第一中学高三上学期第二次月考英语试题
时量：120分钟 总分：150分
第一部分 听力（共两节，每小题1.5分，满分30分）
第一节 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What’s wrong with the woman’s foot?
A. It’s broken. B. It has a skin disease. C. It got burned by hot oil.
2. What was Sparky probably doing?
A. Trying on a hat. B. Destroying a hat or a tie. C. Chewing on one of his toys.
3. Where does the woman want to go?
A. To the office. B. To the library. C. To the dining hall.
4. Why did the woman start her business?
A. To learn about dogs. B. To help her neighbors. C. To finish a research project for school.
5. Where might the speakers be?
A. On a bridge. B. At a movie theater. C. In a car.
第二节 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What class did the man take from Mrs. Kirkland last year?
A. Music. B. History. C. Drama.
7. What does the woman want to avoid performing?
A. An old play. B. A funny play. C. A popular play.
听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。
8. Who dressed up like a wolf last year?
A. Peter. B. Michelle. C. Susan.
9. What will the speakers do for Halloween?
A. Go looking for candy. B. Go to a friend’s house. C. Go to a club.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. What’s the probable relationship between the speakers?
A. Family members. B. Salesman and customer. C. Instructor and student.
11. What is the woman’s opinion of the car?
A. It’s too small for her. B. It’s too fast for her. C. It’s perfect for her.
12. How much money is the woman willing to spend?
A. $30,000. B. $50,000. C. $60,000.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. What is the conversation mainly about?
A. Travel guides. B. Language classes. C. Translating resources.
14. Why is the woman complaining about Google?
A. It’s not very convenient.
B. The German translations aren’t accurate.
C. She doesn’t like the French translations.
15. Who likely speaks Russian?
A. The man. B. The woman. C. The woman’s friend.
16. How does the man get help with his homework now?
A. He looks up words on a dictionary app.
B. He uses the Google Translate program.
C. He sends a message to people in a language group.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. Why did the police go to the factory?
A. A fire broke out there.
B. Stolen cars were stored there.
C. A famous painting was hidden there.
18. Who probably called the shop owner two hours later?
A. The police. B. The suspect. C. The shop owner’s family.
19. How did the police catch the man who stole the bike?
A. There was a witness.
B. He was caught on camera.
C. His wallet was found in the shop.
20. What does the speaker probably think of the man in the main story?
A. He is kind. B. He is smart. C. He is silly.
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
World's best scuba diving destinations
If you are planning to go on a scuba diving vacation in the near future, here is a list of some of the best destinations in the world that you can consider.
The Red Sea, Egypt
One dive underneath the surface of the Egyptian Red Sea, and all you can see is a huge variety of marine life all around you. This is one of the richest marine ecosystems in the world. You can experience a fantastic swim with the dolphins and sharks. And a variety of colorful coral and sponges (海绵动物) in the reefs look absolutely astonishing.
Bali Island, Indonesia
Considered to be the “Jewel of Indonesia”, Bali Island is undoubtedly one of the most unusual holiday destinations in the world. And that is certainly true when it comes to a scuba diving vacation as well. The most popular underwater attraction for the divers gathering here is Mola mola, the world's heaviest-known bony fish. Bali Island is known for some of the world's best scuba diving instructors and diving spots.
Half Moon Caye, Belize
If you are looking forward to doing a wall dive, then the Half Moon Caye is the perfect place for you. Once you begin diving downwards, you will be excited by seeing the variety of marine life. There are numerous tunnels filled with a variety of sponges and monster groupers. The most noticeable sightings are those of eagle rays, logger head turtles, barracudas and the rosy razor fish.
1. Which of the following is in agreement with the author?
A. The Red Sea is the richest marine ecosystem in the world.
B. Most divers might be attracted to Bali Island because of its jewels.
C. There are some top class scuba diving instructors in Bali Island.
D Half Moon Caye excites the divers with the walls and wrecks in the depths.
2. What do the Egyptian Red Sea and the Half Moon Caye have in common?
A. Numerous tunnels.
B. A variety of sponges.
C. Being a perfect place for wall dives.
D. Allowing divers to swim with sharks.
3. What's the purpose of the passage?
A. To educate. B. To inform.
C. To amuse. D. To advertise.
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了世界上几个最适合人们潜水的好地方。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Bali Island is known for some of the world's best scuba diving instructors and diving spots.(巴厘岛以世界上最好的潜水教练和潜水点而闻名)”可知，巴厘岛有一些顶级的水肺潜水教练。故选C项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据文中第二段“And a variety of colorful coral and sponges in the reefs look absolutely astonishing.(珊瑚礁中的各种彩色珊瑚和海绵动物看起来绝对令人惊讶)”以及第四段“There are numerous tunnels filled with a variety of sponges and monster groupers.(有许多充满各种海绵动物和石斑鱼的隧道)”可知，红海和半月岛的共同之处在于都可以看到各种各样的海绵动物。故选B项。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“If you are planning to go on a scuba diving vacation in the near future, here is a list of some of the best destinations in the world that you can consider.(如果你计划在不久的将来去潜水，这里有一些你可以考虑的世界上最好的旅游目的地的清单)”可知，本文是向读者推荐一些潜水的好地方，是给这几个地方做广告。故选D项。
B
I once had my Chinese MBA students brainstorming on “two-hour business plans.” I separated them into six groups and gave them an example: a restaurant chain. The more original their ideas, the better, I said. Finally, five of the six groups presented plans for restaurant chains. The sixth proposed a catering service. Though I admitted the time limit had been difficult, I expressed my disappointment.
My students were middle managers, financial analysts and financiers from state-owned enterprises and global companies. They were without talent or opinions, but they had been shaped by an educational system that rarely stressed or rewarded critical thinking or inventiveness. The scene I just described came in different forms during my two years teaching at the school. Papers were often copied from the Web and the Harvard Business Review. Case study debates were written up and just memorized. Students frequently said that copying is a superior business strategy, better than inventing and creating.
In China, every product you can imagine has been made and sold. But so few well-developed marketing and management minds have been raised that it will be a long time before most people in the world can name a Chinese brand.
With this problem in mind, partnerships with institutions like Yale and MIT have been established. And then there's the “thousand talent scheme.” this new government program is intended to improve technological modernization by attracting top foreign-trained scientists to the mainland with big money. But there are worries about China's research environment. It's hardly known for producing independent thinking and openness, and even big salary offers may not be attractive enough to overcome this.
At last, for China, becoming a major world creator is not just about setting up partnership with top western universities. Nor is it about gathering a group of well-educated people and telling them to think creatively. It's about establishing a rich learning environment for young minds. It's not that simple.
4. Why does the writer feel disappointed at his students?
A. Because there is one group presenting a catering service.
B Because the six groups did not cooperate well in the brainstorm.
C. Because all the students copied a case for the difficult topic.
D. Because the students' ideas were lacking in creativeness.
5. Which of the following scenes is NOT considered as lack of creation?
A. Papers were often downloaded from the Internet.
B. Students often said that copying is a preferable business strategy.
C. Students combine knowledge and critical thoughts to solve a problem.
D. Case study debates were written up as well as recited.
6. We can infer form the passage that ________.
A. China can make and sell any product all over the world from its own creation.
B. high pay may not solve the problem of China's research environment.
C. cooperation with institutions has been set up to make a Chinese brand.
D. the new government program is aimed at encouraging imagination.
7. Which is the best title for the passage?
A. Look for a new way of learning B. Reward creative thinking
C. How to become a creator D. Establish a technical environment
【答案】4. D 5. C 6. B 7. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过自己在一线教育工作的经验看出中国的教育制度存在的一些问题，学生不能独立思考问题做作业去网上或者其他的地方找答案，学生缺乏创造性，作者指出有了丰富的学习环境，及新的学习方法，才能有创造性的研究氛围。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“They were without talent or opinions, but they had been shaped by an educational system that rarely stressed or rewarded critical thinking or inventiveness.(他们没有天赋，也没有观点，但他们受到了一个很少强调或奖励批判性思维或创造性的教育体系的影响)”可知，学生的观点缺乏创造力，对于这一点作者感到失望，故选D。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“They were without talent or opinions, but they had been shaped by an educational system that rarely stressed or rewarded critical thinking or inventiveness.(他们没有天赋，也没有观点，但他们受到了一个很少强调或奖励批判性思维或创造性的教育体系的影响)”可推知，C选项“学生结合知识和批判性思维来解决问题”并非缺乏创意。故选C。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“But there are worries about China's research environment. It's hardly known for producing independent thinking and openness, and even big salary offers may not be attractive enough to overcome this.(但也有人担心中国的研究环境。它很难培养独立思考和开放的思想，即使高薪也不足以吸引你克服这一点)”可推知，高薪可能无法解决中国科研环境的问题。故选B。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段“At last, for China, becoming a major world creator is not just about setting up partnership with top western universities. Nor is it about gathering a group of well-educated people and telling them to think creatively. It's about establishing a rich learning environment for young minds. It's not that simple.(最后，对中国来说，成为世界主要创造者不仅仅是与西方顶尖大学建立伙伴关系。也不是召集一群受过良好教育的人，告诉他们要有创造性地思考。这是关于为年轻人建立一个丰富的学习环境。事情没那么简单)”结合整篇文章指出中国教育出现的问题——学生无法创造性思维，而这个问题与中国的社会环境相关的，所以要寻找新的学习方式。故A选项“寻找新的学习方法”最符合文章标题。故选A。
C
Reading the Screen
The debate on literacy is one of the most heated in education. On the one hand, there is an army of people convinced that traditional skills of reading and writing are declining. On the other hand, a large number of progressives protest that literacy is much more complicated than a simple technical mastery of reading and writing. This second position is supported by most of the relevant academic work over the past 20 years. These studies argue that literacy can only be understood in its social and technical context. In Renaissance England, for example, many more people could read than could write, and within reading there was a distinction between those who could read print and those who could manage the more difficult task of reading manuscripts (手稿). An understanding of these earlier periods helps us understand today’s “crisis in literacy” debate.
It seems that there has been an overall decline in some aspects of reading and writing—you only need to compare the newspapers of today with those of 50 years ago to see a clear decrease in vocabulary and simplification of sentence patterns.
While reading a certain amount of writing is as crucial as it has ever been in industrial societies, it is doubtful whether a fully extended grasp of either is as necessary as it was 40 years ago. While print holds much of its authority as a source of topical information, television has increasingly taken this role. The ability to write fluent letters has been weakened by the telephone and research suggests that for many people the only use for writing, outside formal education, is making shopping lists.
The decision of some car factories to issue their instructions to mechanics as a video pack rather than as a handbook might end the automatic link between industrialization and literacy. On the other hand, it is also the case that ever-increasing numbers of people make their living out of writing, which is better rewarded than ever before. Schools are generally seen as institutions where books rule—films and recorded sound have almost no place, but it is not clear that this opposition is appropriate. While you may not need to read and write to watch television, you certainly need to be able to read and write in order to make programs. Those who work in new media are anything but literate. The traditional oppositions between old and new media are inadequate for understanding the world which a young child now encounters. There is evidence that children are mastering reading and writing in order to get on to the Internet.
Nevertheless, there is a crisis in literacy and it would be foolish to ignore it. To understand that literacy may be declining because it is less central to some aspects of everyday life is not the same as reluctantly accepting this state of affairs. The production of school work with the new technologies could be a significant stimulus to literacy. How should these new technologies be introduced into the schools? It isn’t enough to call for computers in every classroom. They will stand unused unless they are properly combined with the educational culture.
8. When discussing the debate on literacy in education, the writer notes that________.
A. children can read and write as well as they used to
B. academic work has improved over the last 20 years
C. there is evidence that literacy is related to external factors
D. people’s reading skills are more important than writing skills
9. What is the writer’s main point in the 4th paragraph?
A. The printed word is both gaining and losing power.
B. The car factories’ decision brings benefits to labors.
C. Those who do manual jobs no longer need to read.
D. New media offers the best career for the literate.
10. According to the passage, what is the main problem that schools face today?
A. How to teach students the skills of reading and writing.
B. How to apply new technologies to classroom teaching.
C. Raising money to purchase technological equipment.
D. Managing the widely differing levels of literacy among pupils.
11. What can be inferred from the passage?
A. Modern communication has completely replaced writing letters.
B. New media has the potential to promote students’ literacy.
C. New technologies are inadequate for us to know about children’s world.
D. Current newspapers use more complicated sentence patterns than before.
【答案】8. C 9. A 10. B 11. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了屏幕科技下孩子的读书识字问题。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段中句子“These studies argue that literacy can only be understood in its social and technical context. ”（这些研究认为，只有在其社会和技术背景下才能理解识字。）可知，在讨论教育中的识字问题时，作者指出有证据表明，识字与外部因素有关。故选C项。
【9题详解】
段落大意题。根据文章第四段中句子“The decision of some car factories to issue their instructions to mechanics as a video pack rather than as a handbook might end the automatic link between industrialization and literacy. On the other hand, it is also the case that ever-increasing numbers of people make their living out of writing, which is better rewarded than ever before. ”（一些汽车厂决定将机械说明书以视频包的形式而不是以手册的形式发布，这可能会结束工业化和识字之间的自动联系。另一方面，也有越来越多的人以写作为生，这比以往任何时候都有更好的回报。）可知，该段的只要讲的是印刷字有得又有失。故选A项。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中句子“The production of school work with the new technologies could be a significant stimulus to literacy. How should these new technologies be introduced into the schools?”（利用新技术开展的学校工作可能是对识字的一个重大刺激。这些新技术应该如何引入到学校？）可知，学校现在面临的主要问题是如何将新技术应用于课堂教学。故选B项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“The traditional oppositions between old and new media are inadequate for understanding the world which a young child now encounters. There is evidence that children are mastering reading and writing in order to get on to the Internet.”（旧媒体和新媒体之间的传统对立不足以理解一个孩子现在所遇到的世界。有证据表明，为了上网，孩子们正在掌握阅读和写作。）可知，新媒体有促进学生识字的潜力。故选B项。
D
Astronauts get to experience many interesting attractions. When astronauts go to space, they can become weightless. They get to see Earth as a little blue dot. Astronauts get to experience shooting up into space at 20,000 miles per hour. That is more than three times faster than an airplane. Still, food is not one of the interesting parts of being an astronaut. Space travelers have had to eat strange foods. One example is liquid salt and pepper. They have also had to eat dried shrimp cocktail. The astronauts add water to it to make it a liquid again before eating.
However, the menu for astronauts is going to grow. Scientists have been growing lettuce in outer space. The lettuce is just as safe, nutritious and tasty as lettuce grown on Earth. Gioia Massa works at the NASA Kennedy Space Center in Florida. She is the lead scientist on the lettuce growing project. She said that growing food in space could be pivotal for astronauts on long missions. Massa says that today's space food may not work for these longer missions. This packaged food is stored for a longtime. The quality and taste of the food goes down. In addition, the vitamins in the food start to breakdown. Massa says the astronauts may not get enough nutrition from these foods during long missions.
She also added that there could be another benefit to growing food in space. Looking after plants could help astronauts emotionally. Space food has improved in recent years. Many astronauts visit the International Space Station (ISS). It is a research station in outer space. Anything sent to ISS has to score at least a 6 out of 9 on a taste test. Even so, astronauts can grow tired of eating the same old vacuum-packed meals. Massa says many of the astronauts end up losing weight.
The space-grown lettuce was similar to Earth-grown lettuce. In fact, some of the space-grown plants had more nutrients than Earth-grown lettuce. The space lettuce also had higher levels of bacteria. This was possibly because the lettuce grew in a warmer, more humid system. However, none of this bacteria was dangerous.
12. Why does the author mention some strange foods space travelers have had to eat?
A. To draw a conclusion. B. To introduce the topic.
C. To attract readers' attention. D. To give explanations.
13. What does the underlined word “pivotal” mean in the second paragraph?
A. adventurous B. negative C. crucial D. possible
14. Which of the following may not be the one that Massa probably agrees?
A. Astronauts get enough nutrition from growing food in space.
B. Growing food in space gives astronauts a more varied diet.
C. Astronauts get help emotionally by looking after plants in space.
D. Astronauts never grow tired of eating the same old packaged food.
15. What may happen in the following days according to the text?
A. More and more astronauts will end up losing weight.
B. It will not be a long time before astronauts can cook these ingredients.
C. NASA plans to grow other produce on the ISS.
D. More vacuum-packed meals will be sent to ISS to keep astronauts from getting sick.
【答案】12. B 13. C 14. D 15. C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了“太空食物”的问题：为解决宇航员在太空中（尤其是长期驻留时）的饮食问题，科学家们正致力于让宇航员在太空中种植农作物。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。本题要求推断作者提及太空旅客不得不吃奇怪食物的目的，根据第一段内容可知，宇航员可以体验很多有趣的事情，“除了食物”。纵观全文，其话题是“如何解决太空食物难题”，第二、三、四段均在介绍太空食物的问题，因而作者提到太空旅客不得不在太空吃一些奇怪的食物（Space travelers have had to eat strange foods），目的在于把本文的话题“太空食物”引出来，故选B。
【13题详解】
词义猜测题。结合上下文，根据第二段末尾“Massa says the astronauts may not get enough nutrition from these foods during long missions.”（Massa说宇航员在执行长期任务期间可能无法从这些真空包装食物中获得足够的营养）与第三段开头“She also added that there could be another benefit to growing food in space.”（她还补充说在太空中种植食物有另一个好处）可知她对宇航员自己在太空种植食物持肯定态度。由此推知，划线词所在句子意为“她说对于执行长期任务的宇航员来说在太空种植食物是至关重要的。”，即划线词意为“重要的”。A. adventurous冒险的，充满危险的；B. negative消极的；C. crucial重要的；D. possible有可能的，仅有C最直接地表达了正面态度，故选C。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。原文第三段“Astronauts can grow tired of eating the same old vacuum-packed meals.”（宇航员可能会对吃同样的，一成不变的真空包装饭菜感到厌倦）与题目中D选项“Astronauts never grow tired of eating the same old packaged food.”（宇航员从不会对吃同样的，一成不变的真空包装饭菜感到厌倦）表达的意思完全相反，显然D选项不是Massa同意的观点，符合题干要求，故选D。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“some of the space-grown plants had more nutrients than Earth-grown lettuce.”可知，在太空中种植的生菜，比地球上种植的更有营养。并且全段也重点提及其没有危害，和地球上种植的生菜相似，再结合全文多次提及种植“食物”（grow food），可以推断，NASA会计划在国际空间站上种植更多其它新鲜的农作物。故选C。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
What is culture?
Culture is too complex to define in simple terms.____16____ One is that culture is a total pattern of behaviour that is consistent in its components. Another fundamental is that culture is learned behaviour. The third is that culture is behaviour that is shared by a group of people.
To understand the culture of a particular country or region, one could examine its components, among which are material culture, language, and social organisation. Material culture includes the tools and symbols in a society, not including those physical things found in nature, unless they have undergone some change or have been given meaning by people. ____17____The way we consume and what we consume are heavily influenced by material culture.
____18____ Linked with all other aspects of culture, it reflects the nature and values of that culture. Industrialised societies have a rich vocabulary for commercial and industrial activities, while less industrialised societies may have richer vocabularies for matters important to their societies. The Eskimos in Alaska have many words to describe snow whereas English has only one general term.
Social organisation differs somewhat from society to society. The primary kind of community association is based on blood ties. ____19____. It provides mutual protection, psychological support, and a kind of economic insurance or social security for its members. The term "brothers" in Zaire includes those whom we call cousins and uncles.
Cultural analysis serves a variety of purposes. Understanding the various dimensions and their inter- relatedness helps promote cross-cultural awareness. ____20____
A. Some scholars even suggest that it is useless to try.
B. Language is the most obvious difference between cultures.
C. However, there are certain agreed- on fundamentals that can be easily identified.
D. The values represented within a culture can also change with the passing of time.
E. For example, a mouse running on a street is not part of a culture, but the Mickey Mouse is.
F. In many developing countries, the extended family fulfills several social and economic roles.
G. It leads on to the promotion of goodwill, social and economic planning and harmony between social groupings or societies.
【答案】16. C 17. E 18. B 19. F 20. G
【解析】
【分析】本文为夹叙夹议文。本文论述了从三个方面论述了什么是文化，如何理解文化，以及分析文化有何好处。
【16题详解】
考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。根据上一句：文化太复杂，不能用简单的术语来定义。而下面却又给文化下了定义，可知，文化虽复杂，不好简单定义，但在某些方面还是达成共识的。前后内容是相反的。分析选项可知C项中的“however”表示转折，再看意思（然而，有一些可以轻易确定的商定的基本原则）符合题意，故选C。
【17题详解】
考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。根据空格的上句“Material culture includes the tools and symbols in a society, not including those physical things found in nature, unless they have undergone some change or have been given meaning by people”可知，物质文化不包括自然界中发现的物质事物，除非它们经历了某种变化或被人们赋予了意义。分析选项可知E项中说的过街老鼠不是物质文化的一部分，但米老鼠就被赋予了意义，成为文化的一部分。由此可推断E项符合题意，故选E。
【18题详解】
考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。本空格所在的第三段中出现的“vocabularies”、“words”、“English”等，这都属于语言（Language）的范畴，可知本段主要讲述的是不同文化中所用的语言和词汇存在着差异，分析选项可知B项（语言是不同文化之间最明显的差异）符合语境，故选B。
【19题详解】
考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。根据空前的“第一种社区交往是以血缘关系为基础的。”，可知，此处是指以血缘关系为基础的即是家庭（family）。结合下句“它为其成员提供相互保护、心理支持和一种经济保险或社会保障。”可知，大家庭在社会经济中的作用。结合空格前后的语境可知，本段主要介绍了大家庭发挥了若干社会和经济作用。分析选项可知F项符合题意，故选F。
【20题详解】
考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。根据本段的首句“文化分析有多种用途”以及空前的“了解不同的维度及其相互关系有助于提高跨文化意识”可推断出空格主要叙述文化分析的作用。分析选项可知G项（它促进了亲善、社会和经济规划以及社会群体或社会之间的和谐。）符合题意，故选G。
【点睛】七选五题型考察学生把握整篇文章的布局和逻辑层次关系和把握微观信息间关联性这种题一般可从以下方面来做：
（1）看首段，跳过空格快速通读全篇，确定文章体裁，抓住文章结构，分析篇章结构，了解文章大意。首段的末句一般是全文的主题所在，首段的末句对于快速掌握文章的主题具有重要意义。
（2）精读空格前后两句，利用各种衔接手段选择正确的选项填入空格。七选五空出的是整个句子，可以通过选项中某个名词或动词跟空前或空后的一致性或者相关性来确定这两个句子之间有一种关联性，从而选择正确的答案。第5小题根据本段的首句“文化分析有多种用途”以及空前的“了解不同的维度及其相互关系有助于提高跨文化意识”可推断出空格主要叙述文化分析的作用。分析选项可知G项（它促进了亲善、社会和经济规划以及社会群体或社会之间的和谐。）符合题意，故选G。
（3）看选项，找出与空前空后句中心词同义，近义或相关性的词语，。实现关键词的对接，尤其是词（或短语）的复现。先易后难，各个突破。通过阅读选项，有可能根据选项中的关键词找出正确选项。如第3小题所在的第三段中出现的“vocabularies”、“words”、“English”等，这都属于语言（Language），可知本段主要讲述的是不同文化中所用的语言和词汇存在着差异，分析选项可知B项（语言是不同文化之间最明显的差异）符合语境，故选B。
（4） 解题的关键是能娴熟地利用各种衔接手段。尤其要注意代词，连词等。如表示转折关系的but，though, however 等。如第1小题，根据上一句：文化太复杂，不能用简单的术语来定义。而下面却又给文化下了定义，可知，文化虽复杂，不好简单定义，但在某些方面还是达成共识的。前后内容是相反的。分析选项可知C项中的“however”表示转折，再看意思（然而，有一些可以轻易确定的商定的基本原则）符合题意，故选C。
最后，用代入法，检查答案是否合理，将所有选择答案放回空白处，通读全文，检查文章内容是否语义连贯合理、紧扣主题，语篇结构是否通顺连贯、具有一致性、合乎逻辑，写作思路是否清晰明了，格式以及用语是否恰当贴切，从而判断选择的答案是否正确．
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Many people say that their childhood was the happiest time of their lives. But, that was not___21___for me, at least between the ages of 10 to 12. I was practically____22____by my parents, who seemed only interested in their never-ending money making. I was____23____, a loner at school too, disliked by my classmates for getting good grades.
Longing for____24____, I fell into depression and started thinking about death. While on the school field trip, I lost my footing and slipped into a marsh(沼泽)and got my____25____muddy. As luck would have it, out of nowhere, an angel, in the____26____of a native woman，lent me a helping hand. She____27____me to her small cottage and helped me change my____28____trousers. She made me eat from what little food she had, and told me funny stories,____29____to cheer me up.
That lady saved me. She saved my belief in the____30____of people. I came to see that no matter what happens, there are good things in the world, which you can____31____for existence. Another thing I noticed was that the lady, though she lived in____32____surroundings, seemed happy. I realized that life is beautiful if we love it. Only those who are____33____their life can really understand what happiness really is.
I dropped the idea of ending my____34____.
I must thank that kind lady for what I had never experienced till then.____35____someone's life with kindness is worth all the treasure in the world.
21. A. precise B. acceptable C. new D. true
22. A. controlled B. abused C. ignored D. missed
23. A. careless B. purposeless C. friendless D. fearless
24. A. freedom B. schooling C. money D. company
25. A. backpack B. trousers C. glasses D. coat
26. A. form B. absence C. direction D. hope
27. A. took B. followed C. pointed D. guided
28. A. tight B. wet C. new D. worn
29. A. attempting B. offering C. demanding D. helping
30. A. honesty B. wisdom C. ability D. kindness
31. A. devote to B. contribute to C. rely on D. insist on
32. A. unpleasant B. cosy C. unfamiliar D. natural
33. A. serious about B. proud of C. busy with D. content with
34. A. trip B. lessons C. life D. program
35. A. Assessing B. Changing C. Creating D. Valuing
【答案】21. D 22. C 23. C 24. D 25. B 26. A 27. A 28. B 29. A 30. D 31. C 32. A 33. D 34. C 35. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。童年并不幸福的作者，被父母忽视、没有朋友，甚至被同学讨厌，让作者一度陷入了抑郁，想到结束生命。直到作者遇到了一个好心的妇女，妇女的善良改变了作者的生活，让作者放弃了轻生的念头。作者感谢她给了自己从未经历过的一切。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是，这对我来说不是真，至少对10到12岁的孩子来说不是。A. precise精确的；B. acceptable可接受的；C. new新的；D. true真实的。根据上文but表示转折可知，童年不是作者一生中最快乐的时光，所以这句话对作者来说并不是真的。故选D。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的父母实际上忽视了我，他们似乎只对他们永无止境的赚钱感兴趣。A. controlled控制；B. abused虐待；C. ignored忽视；D. missed错过。结合后文who seemed only interested in their never-ending money making可知作者的父母只顾挣钱，忽视了作者。故选C。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我没有朋友，在学校也是一个孤独的人，因为成绩好而被同学们讨厌。A. careless粗心的；B. purposeless无目的的；C. friendless没有朋友的；D. fearless无畏的。结合后文a loner at school too可知作者没有朋友，在学校也是孤独一个人。故选C。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于渴望有人陪伴，我陷入了抑郁，并开始思考死亡。A. freedom自由；B. schooling学校教育；C. money钱；D. company陪伴。结合上文可知作者被父母忽视、没有朋友，还被同学讨厌，所以作者是渴望陪伴的。故选D。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在学校郊游时，我失足滑进了沼泽地，把裤子弄脏了。A. backpack背包；B. trousers裤子；C. glasses眼镜；D. coat外套。根据后文中trousers可知是弄脏了裤子。故选B。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，不知从哪冒出来一个天使，以一个土著妇女的形式，向我伸出了援助之手。A. form形式；B. absence缺席；C. direction方向；D. hope希望。在作者看来，是天使向她伸出援助之手，而天使是以一位当地妇女的形式出现的。故选A。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她把我带到她的小屋，帮我换了湿裤子。A. took带走；B. followed跟随；C. pointed指出；D. guided指导。根据后文me to her small cottage可知妇女带作者到自己的小屋。故选A。
【28题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她把我带到她的小屋，帮我换了湿裤子。A. tight紧的；B. wet潮湿的；C. new新的；D. worn疲倦的。结合上文slipped into a marsh可知作者掉进了沼泽，弄湿了裤子。故选B。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她用她仅有的一点点食物让我吃，还给我讲有趣的故事，试图让我振作起来。A. attempting试图；B. offering提议；C. demanding要求；D. helping帮助。结合后文cheer me up可知妇女试图让作者高兴起来。attempt to do sth.“试图做某事”。故选A。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她挽救了我对人们善良的信念。A. honesty诚实；B. wisdom智慧；C. ability能力；D. kindness善良。根据最后一段中someone's life with kindness可知是妇女的善良挽救了作者对人们的信念。故选D。
【31题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我明白了，无论发生什么事，世界上总有一些美好的事情是你可以依靠的。A. devote to致力于；B. contribute to有助于；C. rely on依靠；D. insist on坚持。结合上文there are good things in the world, which you can可知作者明白了世界上总有一些美好的事情，是可以去依靠的。故选C。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我注意到的另一件事是，那位女士虽然生活在不愉快的环境中，但她看起来很快乐。A. unpleasant使人不愉快的；B. cosy舒适的；C. unfamiliar不熟悉的；D. natural自然的。根据“her small cottage”、“ what little food she had”，可知这位妇女生活贫困，居住条件差。故选A。
【33题详解】
考查短语辨析。句意：只有那些对自己的生活满意的人才能真正理解幸福是什么。A. serious about认真对待；B. proud of为……而感到骄傲；C. busy with忙于；D. content with满足于。结合后文their life can really understand what happiness really is.可知只有那些对自己的生活满意的人才能真正理解幸福是什么。故选D。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我放弃了结束我生命的想法。A. trip旅途；B. lessons课程；C. life生命；D. program项目。根据第二段中I fell into depression and started thinking about death.可知作者想过要结束生命。故选C。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：用善意改变一个人的生活，是世界上最宝贵的财富。A. Assessing评估；B. Changing改变；C. Creating创造；D. Valuing评价。根据文章内容可知，妇女的善良让作者放弃了轻生的念头，所以是妇女的善良改变了作者的生活。故选B。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The hotpot has a long history of over 1,000 years in China. It used to ___36___ (favor) only in winter, but recently hotpot has been appearing on tables all year round.
In the winter season, when chilly temperatures and ___37___ (freeze) winds are frequent over the land, people like to eat food ___38___ instantly warms their bodies and lifts their spirits. For that, the hot pot is a delicious and hearty choice. Families or groups of friends sit ___39___ a table and eat from a steaming pot in the middle, cooking and drinking and chatting. Eating hot pot is not a passive activity: ___40___ (dine) must select a small amount of prepared raw food from plates scattered around the table, place them in the pot, wait for them to cook, fish them out of the soup, dip them in the ___41___ (prefer) sauce, and then eat them hot, fresh, and tender. They can also ladle(用勺舀) up the soup from the pot and drink it.
Besides the delicious flavor, there are two ___42___ important reasons for Chinese liking hotpot: the first one is that it is a great way to ___43___ (social). People gather around the pot, chatting, eating, drinking, and having fun. The other is that hotpot is a "healthy meal". Compared with frying, boiling is said to be ___44___ (good) than frying, and bone nutrients are released into the soup. Eating hotpot can warm the body and improve circulation in winter and increase sweat to help cool the body in summer.
There are several varieties of hot pot in China with differently flavored soup. Two of ____45____ most popular hotpots are Sichuan hotpot and Beijing mutton hotpot (instant-boiled mutton).
【答案】36. be favored
37 freezing
38. that##which
39. around 40. diners
41. preferred
42. other 43. socialize
44. better 45. the
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的美食之一——火锅。
【36题详解】
考查语态。句意：过去，人们只在冬天才喜欢吃火锅，但最近，火锅一年四季都可以出现在餐桌上。used to do sth,过去常常做某事。主语It代指hotpot，与favor之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填be favored。
【37题详解】
考查形容词。句意：在冬季，当寒冷的温度和寒冷的风频繁地在陆地上，人们喜欢吃能立即温暖身体和振奋精神的食物。修饰名词winds，前用形容词形式，freezing严寒的。故填freezing。
【38题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：在冬季，当寒冷的温度和寒冷的风频繁地在陆地上，人们喜欢吃能立即温暖身体和振奋精神的食物。句中先行词为food，在定语从句中作主语，指物，所以用关系代词which或that引导。故填that/which。
【39题详解】
考查介词。句意：家人或朋友们围坐在一张桌子旁，在中间的一个热气腾腾的锅里吃东西，一边做饭一边喝酒聊天。around a table围着桌子。故填around。
【40题详解】
考查名词。句意：吃火锅不是一个被动的活动： 就餐者必须从桌上的盘子中选择备好的生食， 把它们放入锅中， 等食物煮熟， 从汤里捞出来， 在自己喜欢的酱料中蘸一下， 然后吃下热腾腾、 新鲜滑嫩的食物。句中用名词形式作主语，diner为可数名词，前无冠词，所以用复数。故填diners。
【41题详解】
考查形容词。句意：吃火锅不是一个被动的活动： 就餐者必须从桌上的盘子中选择备好的生食， 把它们放入锅中， 等食物煮熟， 从汤里捞出来， 在自己喜欢的酱料中蘸一下， 然后吃下热腾腾、 新鲜滑嫩的食物。修饰名词sauce，前用形容词形式。preferred所喜爱的。故填preferred。
【42题详解】
考查形容词。句意：除了美味的味道，中国人喜欢火锅还有两个重要的原因：第一个是它是一种很好的社交方式。根据下文“the first one…The other…”可知，还有两个重要的原因，two other另外两个。故填other。
【43题详解】
考查动词。句意：除了美味的味道，中国人喜欢火锅还有两个重要的原因：第一个是它是一种很好的社交方式。way to do sth.做某事的方法，所以不定式后接动词原形。故填socialize。
【44题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意：与油炸相比，据说煮沸比油炸更好，骨头的营养物质被释放到汤里。根据介词than可知，用形容词的比较级形式。故填better。
【45题详解】
考查冠词。句意：其中最受欢迎的两个火锅是四川火锅和北京羊肉火锅(即涮羊肉)。形容词最高级most popular前用定冠词the。故填the。
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
46. 假定你是李华，你校校报的英语角栏目最近征文的主题是介绍中国著名历史景点。你向该栏目投稿，内容包括：1.景点名称2.景点的历史和文化
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右：
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version
The Forbidden City
At the very heart of Beijing, the UNESCO-listed Forbidden City is China’s largest and best-preserved collection of ancient buildings – large enough to comfortably absorb millions of visitors it receives each year.
Built by the Ming emperor Yongle, employing thousands of labourers and craftspeople, the imperial palace complex proudly displays the essence of traditional Chinese architecture.
A must-see in Beijing and the world’s most visited museum, it is worth spending half to one day to visit the Forbidden City and appreciate the precious cultural heritage of China.
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给校报的英语角栏目投稿，介绍中国著名历史景点。
【详解】1.词汇积累
吸引：absorb →attract
值得做：be worth doing →be worthy to be done/be worthy of being done
参观：visit→ pay a visit to
欣赏：appreciate =enjoy
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：At the very heart of Beijing, the UNESCO-listed Forbidden City is China’s largest and best-preserved collection of ancient buildings – large enough to comfortably absorb millions of visitors it receives each year.
拓展句：It is at the very heart of Beijing that the UNESCO-listed Forbidden City is China’s largest and best-preserved collection of ancient buildings – large enough to comfortably absorb millions of visitors it receives each year.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Built by the Ming emperor Yongle, employing thousands of labourers and craftspeople, the imperial palace complex proudly displays the essence of traditional Chinese architecture. (运用了现在分词和过去分词作状语)
[高分句型2] A must-see in Beijing and the world’s most visited museum, it is worth spending half to one day to visit the Forbidden City and appreciate the precious cultural heritage of China. (运用了it作形式主语，真正的主语为动名词短语)
第二节（满分25分）
47. 阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Mike took the last bite of the chocolate ice cream and jumped into the car with his parents They headed off to the Olympic sized pool for the big swim meet.
When his race came up, Mike was confident. He was strong and swift and won first place, making him the fastest boy in his age group.
“Congratulations," said his father. His mother gave him a hug, even though he was wet.
A week later, it was time for another swim meet and Mike decided to eat the same ice cream. He thought that it was his luck ice cream and that it might help him win again.
He took first place again in his race. Mike was feeling pretty good. Since then, Mike has decided to have the same ice cream before every swim meet and has always won. Several months passed and Mike was feeling unbeatable. Although he wouldn't admit it, all the ice cream was adding pounds to his athletic swimmer's build.
It didn't take long before the luck ice cream had lost its magic. Mike started to slip to second place and then third place in his races. His scores kept worsening and Mike felt really bad. He knew what was wrong. But he couldn't admit it to himself and especially to his parents. He did not want to disappoint them.
One day, his mother sat down at the table with him and said, “Mike, we know you love ice cream，but maybe it's not healthy for your body to eat so much of it. Your father and 1 think it is making you gain weight. Is it OK for us to quit the sweet treats for a while, especially before you go for the final competition? In order to strengthen your muscles, your father will go running with you three days a week. We think it will help you feel better.”
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Mike unwillingly agreed.
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Finally the big competition of the season came.
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【答案】One possible version:
Mike unwillingly agreed. Every other day, he would go running with his dad. He still went to the swim meets each week but he didn't do well. Seeing that it was really hard for Mike, his father sometimes couldn't help inviting Mike to get some of his luck ice cream. But he refused the sweet treat and continued running with his father.
Finally the big competition of the season came. As he dived into the swimming pool, he kicked his legs and stretched his arms as hard as he could. This race seemed much longer. When he finished the race, he felt really tired and was not sure what to expect. Suddenly he heard thundering cheers from the audience and saw his parents were smiling from ear to ear. His jaws dropped as he looked at the scores. He had beaten his own record, and everyone else's too. Mike realized he had won his race, without the help of his luck ice cream.
【解析】
【分析】通过所给文章，Mike自从在一次游泳比赛前吃完一个冰激凌赢得比赛之后，他认为那是他的幸运冰激凌，之后每次比赛前都吃一个。直到由于吃多冰激凌，他体重增加，比赛成绩也越来越落后，他的父母建议他停止吃冰激凌并且在父亲的陪同下开始锻炼。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“Mike不情愿地答应了。”可知，第一段可描写Mike停止吃冰激凌并且开始锻炼的详细情况。
②由第二段首句内容“最后，本赛季最重要的比赛来了。”可知，第二段可描写在坚持锻炼之后，Mike在本赛季最重要的比赛中的表现和结果。
2.续写线索：开始锻炼——坚持——参加比赛——赢得比赛——感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①继续做某事：continue doing sth./go on doing sth.
②完成：finish/complete
③打败：beat/defeat
情绪类
①幸运：luck/fortune
②期待：expect/look forward to
【点睛】
[高分句型1] As he dived into the swimming pool, he kicked his legs and stretched his arms as hard as he could.（由连接词as引导的时间状语从句）
[高分句型2] Mike realized he had won his race, without the help of his luck ice cream.（省略that的宾语从句）
[高分句型3] When he finished the race, he felt really tired and was not sure what to expect.（when引导的时间状语从句）