牛津版 (深圳&广州)八年级上册(2013秋审查)Unit 5 Educational exchanges第3课时导学案
展开朗读课本P71内容,并尝试总结现在完成时的基本句式。
【列出我的疑惑】
【探究案】
探究点一:现在完成时的构成
1. It has been a lng and tiring day tday.
--Where have yu been, mm?
--I have been t the flwer market.
Tell me what yu have dne tday.
I have finished all my hmewrk.
基本结构:_____________________________
2. 基于结构产生的句式变化
(1)肯定式:______________________________________
e.g. They have lived here fr ten years.
I have just had my breakfast.
(2)否定式:______________________________________
e.g. My teachers haven’t had breakfast yet.
She has nt seen this film yet.
(3)一般疑问句:_________________________________
e.g. He has started his wrk ten years befre.
--Have they lived here fr ten years?
--Yes, they have./N, they haven’t .
(4)特殊疑问句式:_____________________________
e.g. Hw lng have they lived here?
Hw lng have yu had this pen?
3. 过去分词的构成:
(1)规则变化:规则动词过去分词的构成与过去式相同
①live—lived—lived decide—decided—decided
②study—studied—studied carry—carried—carried
③stp—stpped—stpped plan—planned—planned
④watch—watched—watched finish—finished—finished
(2)不规则变化:不规则动词的过去分词需强化记忆
be—was/were—been see—saw—seen
g—went— gne d—did—dne
cut—cut—cut put—put—put
set—set—set let—let—let
buy—bught—bught bring—brught—brught
teach—taught—taught catch—caught—caught
drink—drank—drunk swim—swam—swum
4.写出下列动词的过去分词
put--- hear--- cme---
make--- write--- watch---
eat--- be--- talk---
want--- study--- stp---
take--- see--- like---
5.按要求改写下列句子
= 1 \* GB3 ①We have visited the museum. (改为一般疑问句)
___________________________________________________________________________
= 2 \* GB3 ②They have seen the film. (改为否定句)
___________________________________________________________________________
= 3 \* GB3 ③ He has returned the bk. (对划线部分提问)
___________________________________________________________________________
= 4 \* GB3 ④Jenny has already had her lunch. (改为一般疑问句并做否定回答)
___________________________________________________________________________
探究点二:现在完成时的用法
表示过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响,也可以表示过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。
1. 现在完成时用法(1):过去对现在
过去对现在,指动作发生在过去且已结束,但对现在产生某种影响。
① The rm is clean, because I have cleaned it.
(动词打扫clean发生在过去且已结束,对现在有影响:干净。)
② I wn’t g t the mvie, because I have seen it.
(动词see发生在过去且已结束,对现在有影响:内容已知晓,不再去观看。)
2. 现在完成时用法(2):过去到现在
过去到现在,表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态一直延续到现在(动词多是延续性的)。
3.现在完成时的时间状语
already, yet, ever, never, just, befre, twice/ three times, recently, fr, since, s far, in the last few years, ver these years
Fr 和since的区别:
since +_____________________________
fr + _____________
e.g. I have learnt English fr ten years.
She has lived in Ying ku since last year
She has lived in Ying ku since she was brn .
4.选用 fr和 since填空。
= 1 \* GB3 ①We haven’t seen each ther ______ a lng time.
= 2 \* GB3 ②His father has been in the Party ______ 10 years ag.
= 3 \* GB3 ③The film has been n ______ 20 minutes.
= 4 \* GB3 ④Mr Green has wrked here ______ he came t China.
= 5 \* GB3 ⑤His grandparents have been dead ______ several years.
= 6 \* GB3 ⑥It’s five years _______ we met last time.
探究点三:动词转化
行为动词根据其能否持续可分为非延续动词(短暂/瞬间动词)和延续动词。现在完成时中表示短暂动作的动词不能与fr, since等引导的时间状语连用。如与一段时间连用,要把瞬间动词转化为意思相近的延续性动词。
1.常见的变化
2.判断正误
= 1 \* GB3 ①我买了这块手表五年了。
I have bught this watch fr five years.
I have had this watch fr five years.
= 2 \* GB3 ②这位老人已经死了十年了。
The ld man has died fr ten years.
The ld man has been dead fr ten years/since 10 years ag.
= 3 \* GB3 ③他们买这辆自行车已经两天了。
They have brrwed the bikes fr tw days.
They have kept the bikes fr tw days.
= 4 \* GB3 ④他已经回来三天了。
He has cme back fr 3 days.
He has been back fr 3 days/since 3 days ag.
= 5 \* GB3 ⑤自从六点钟他就来这儿了。
He has cme here since 6 ’clck.
He has been here since 6 ’clck.
= 6 \* GB3 ⑥我离开家乡已十年了。
I have left hmetwn fr 10 years.
I have been away frm hmetwn fr10 years.
探究点四:辨析一般过去时与现在完成时
1.(1)一般过去时单纯表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,与现在无联系,可与过去时间连用,属于过去时态。
e.g. Tm lived in Beijing tw years ag.
两年前汤姆住在北京。(不知道现在是否还住在北京)
(2)现在完成时的动作虽发生在过去,但更侧重对现在造成的影响,属于现在时态,不与过去时间连用。
e.g. Tm has lived in Beijing fr tw years.
汤姆住在北京两年了。(现在汤姆还在北京)
2.现在完成时的标志词
现在完成时的含义之一是过去已经完成的动作对现在仍有影响。使用以下五个标志词可以表达这种含义:
= 1 \* GB3 ① already 意为“已经”,常用于肯定句中。既可以放句中也可以放句末。
e.g. He has already gt her help.
= He has gt her help already.
= 2 \* GB3 ②just意为“刚刚”,常用于肯定句中。
e.g. He has just seen the film.
= 3 \* GB3 ③ yet 意为“尚未;仍未”,常用于疑问句和否定句中。yet 用于疑问句中,还可意为“已经;还”,通常放在句末。
e.g. — Has Tm cme back yet?
— N, he hasn’t cme back yet.
= 4 \* GB3 ④ever 意为“曾经”,常用于肯定句和疑问句中。
e.g. This is the best film I have ever seen.
Have yu ever been t Hng Kng?
= 5 \* GB3 ⑤never 意为“从来没有”,表示否定,其句中不能再用其他否定词。
e.g. He has never been t Beijing.
3.填空。
= 1 \* GB3 ①_____ yu ________(clean) the rm?
Yes, we __________ (d) that already.
When _______ yu ______(d) it?
We _______(d) it an hur ag.
= 2 \* GB3 ②______ he ______(see) this film yet? Yes.
When _____ he _____(see) it?
He ______ it last week.
= 3 \* GB3 ③Hw many times _____ yu______(be) there?
探究点五:常见句式
1.have been t “到过,去过”,表示曾经到过某处,但现在人不在那儿。
e.g. I have been t the USA twice.
have gne t “去了”,表示已经去了某地,现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。
e.g. —Where is Jim? —He has gne t the library. 。
have been in“来某处一段时间了”与fr,since,hw lng连用
e.g. We have been in this city fr three years.
2.选择
= 1 \* GB3 ① Jane has _____ t BeiJing. She will cme back tmrrw.
A. been B. never been C. went D. gne
= 2 \* GB3 ② -- Hell, this is Mr. Green speaking. Can I speak t Mr. Black?
-- Srry. He ______ the Bainia Park.
A. has been t B. has gne t C. went t D. will g t
= 3 \* GB3 ③ --____ yu ever ____ t the US?
-- Yes, twice.
A. Have, gne B. Have, been C, D, g D. were, ging
= 4 \* GB3 ④ He _______Beijing fr 2 mnths.
A.has been t B. has gne t C. has been in D. has cme t
3.完成课本P72,73练习。
【我的知识网络图】
【训练案】
Ⅰ.单项选择。
1. Ww! Yu _________ dinner! Let’s eat nw.
A. ckB. are ckingC. will ckD. have cked
2. Betty _________ hard since last term. That's why her exam results are s gd!
A. has wrked B. will wrkC. wrkedD. was wrking
3. In the past few years there _________ great changes in my hmetwn.
A. had beenB. have beenC. wereD. are
4. --- Where's yur brther?
--- Oh, he _________ the library and _________.
A. has been t; s Lucy 1B. has gne t; s Lucy has
C. has gne t; s has LucyD. has been in; s has Lucy
5. I am surprised at the new lk f my hmetwn, fr it _________ a lt ver the years.
A. changedB. changesC. will change D. has changed
Ⅱ.用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空
6. Mr and Mrs Li _________ (nt cme) back yet.
7. My brther _________ (be) brn in 1983. Since then, he _________ (live) in this city.
8. I _________ (nt hear) frm my brther fr several mnths.
9. Dn't wrry. The train has just _________ (arrive).
10. They _________ already _________ (decide) t g t Japan fr the hliday.
Ⅲ.完形填空
Charles Dickens, ne f the greatest English writers, was brn in 11 f the small twns in England.
When Dickens was nine years ld, the family mved t Lndn, the 12 f England. There were several yunger children in the 13 . Their life was 14 . S Dickens culd nt g t schl.
He didn't g t 15 until his father came ut f prisn. At that time he was already twelve years ld. But he did nt finish schl. Tw years 16 he began t wrk. He ften went t the library t 17 bks. He read a lt. Then Dickens wrte lts f nvels and stries all his 18 . Dickens 19 ver a hundred years ag. 20 peple are still reading his bks with great interest.
11. A. any B. ne C. sme
12. A. cityB. twnC. capital
13. A. schlB. classC. family
14. A. gdB. hardC. easy
15. A. schl B. the schlC. wrk
16. A. agB. befreC. later
17. A. lkB. readC. see
18. A. mneyB. hme C. life
19. A. wnB. diedC. read
20. A. ButB. SC. Why
Ⅳ.阅读理解
Susan was a quiet girl and she had few friends. She was a bit nervus when she went t high schl, because she was ging t live with smene she didn't knw in a twn 300 miles away frm hme. She had n idea hw t make friends in the new envirnment.
Hwever, things were nt bad in Susan's high schl life. In her first English class, the teacher asked all the students t talk abut themselves. And the final questin fr each student was “What is yur gal(目标) in this class?”. Mst f the students said it was t get gd grades, pass the exams r smething like that, but Susan said that her gal was t make just ne gd friend. It was quite different.
When mst f the students sat quietly, ne student came t Susan. He held ut(伸出)his hand and intrduced himself. He asked if she wuld be his friend, All f the students lked at Susan. She smiled and tk his hand. Later. The by became Susan's best friend.
That day, Susan learned the pwer f asking fr what she wanted. being hnest and taking actin.
21. Susan felt a little _________ when she went t high schl.
A. nervusB. excitedC. happyD. sad
22. Hw far was it frm her schl t her hme?
A. 30 miles. B. 300 miles.C. 30 metres. D. 300 metres.
23. In the first English class, what did the teacher ask the students t d?
A. Make friends.B. Take an exam.
C. Talk abut themselves.D. Read bks
24. What did Susan want t d in that English class?
A. Get gd grades.B. Pass the exams.
C. Make just ne gd friend.D. Make a lt f friends.
25. Which f the fllwing is TRUE?
A. Susan had many friends befre she went t high schl.
B. Susan had a plan t make mre friends in high schl.
C. Susan didn’t make a new friend in that class.
D. Susan learned the pwer f asking fr what she wanted in that class.
【教与学的反思】
训练案答案:
Ⅰ.1-5 DABCD
Ⅱ. 6. haven’t cme
7. was, has lived
8. haven’t heard
9. arrived
10. have, decided
Ⅲ. 11-15 BCCBA 16-20 CBCBA
Ⅳ. 21-25 ABCCD学生姓名
班级
序号
课题内容
Unit 5 Educatinal exchanges Grammar
学习目标
与
核心素养
掌握现在完成时的基本句式及用法。
掌握常与现在完成时连用的副词already, yet, ever和never的用法。
掌握现在完成时与一般过去时的区别。
能够发现现在完成时的语言规律,并能运用规律举一反三。
学习重点
1.掌握现在完成时的基本句式及用法。
2.掌握常与现在完成时连用的副词already, yet, ever和never的用法。
学习难点
掌握现在完成时与一般过去时的区别。
非延续性动词
延续性动词
brrw
keep
buy
have
die
be dead
leave
be away (frm)
begin/start
be n
marry
be married
cme/g
be here/there
finish
be ver
pen
be pen
clse
be clsed
becme
be
jin
be in…/be a member f
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