状语从句讲义 2022届高考英语一轮复习
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这是一份状语从句讲义 2022届高考英语一轮复习,共11页。试卷主要包含了 引导地点状语从句的从属连词有等内容,欢迎下载使用。
一、 表示条件的状语从句可以由if, unless, in case, s(as) lng as, s far as, n cnditin that,prvided (that)等词引导。
【点拨】 1. 在if引导的条件状语从句中,主句中的动词常用一般将来时,从句中的动词用一般现在时。如:If yu ask him, he’ll help yu.如你请他 (帮忙),他会帮你的。
2. 在if引导的条件状语从句中,主句也可含有情态动词或是祈使句。如:If it is fine tmrrw, we can g and fly the kite.如果明天天气好,我们可以去放风筝。Dn’t miss the prgram if yu like music.如果你喜欢音乐,不要错过这个节目。
3. if除了可以引导条件状语从句外,还可引导宾语从句,这时if = whether意为“是否”。如:I want t knw if(=whether) he is ur new teacher.我想知道他是不是我们的新老师。
4. unless意思是“除非,如果不”,相当于。在unless引导的条件状语从句中,主句中的动词常用一般将来时,从句中的动词用一般现在时。如:Unless it rains, the game will be played.=If it desn’t rain, the game will be played.除非下雨,否则比赛将照常进行。
5. 同if引导的条件状语从句一样,在unless引导的条件状语从句中,主句也可以含有情态动词或是祈使句。如:He can’t see clearly unless he wears glasses.他不戴眼镜就看不清楚。Dn’t tuch the machine unless the teacher allws yu t.没有老师的允许,不要乱动机器。
【高考链接】 1. Tm is s independent that he never asks his parents pinin__________ he wants their supprt. (2019天津卷13)
A. since B. nce C. unless D. after
2.__________ yu can sleep well, yu will lse the ability t fcus, plan and stay mtivated after ne r tw nights. (2018江苏卷29)
A. Once B. Unless C. If D. When
3.__________ we dn’t stp climate change, many animals and plants in the wrld will be gne. (2018北京卷2)
A. Althugh B. While C. If D. Until
4. Yu wn’t find paper cutting difficult__________ yu keep practicing it. (2015北京卷28)
A. even if B. as lng as C. as if D. ever since
5. It is s cld that yu can’t g utside__________ fully cvered in thick clthes. (2015江蘇卷26)
A. if B. unless C. nce D. when
二、 表示目的的状语从句可以由that, s that, in rder that, lest, in case, fr fear that等词引导。
【点拨】 1. 目的状语从句中一般含有情态动词。如: Let’s take the frnt seats that(=s that=in rder that) we may see mre clearly.我们坐前排吧,这样我们看得清楚一些。
2. in rder that可位于句首,而s或者s that则不可以。如:In rder that he shuldn’t wake up his wife, he left the rm quietly.为了不吵醒妻子,他悄悄地离开了房间。
3. lest, in case, fr fear that常用来表示“以免,以防”等意思,从句中的动词形式多为shuld+动词原形。在这一类从句中,shuld一般是不能省略的,但在lest, fr fear that引导的从句中shuld有时可以省略。如:I wn’t make any nise, lest(= in case= fr fear that) I shuld disturb yu.我不会制造任何噪音,以免打扰你。
4. 在in case从句中,可以不用虚拟语气而用陈述语气,表示可能性较大。如:Ill get sme beer in case my uncle cmes. (他或许会来) 试比较:I’ll get sme beer in case my uncle shuld cme. (可能性很小)
【高考链接】 The dctr shares his phne number with the patients__________ they need medical assistance. (2019江苏卷23)
A. if nly B. as if C. even thugh D. in case
三、 表示时间的状语从句可以由when, whenever, as, while, befre, after, until, till, (ever) since, nw (that), nce, s / as lng as, as sn as, , , n , every time, the mment, instantly, directly, immediately等词引导。
【点拨】 1. 时间状语从句用一般现在时代替或表示一般将来时。如:Hell visit yu as sn as he gets there.他一到那里就会去拜访你。
2. when意思是“当……时”,表示主句动作发生的特定时间,它引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的,也可以是瞬时性的。如:The days get lnger when spring cmes.春天到来时,白天变长了。
3. while意思是“当……时”,强调主句动作和从句动作是同时发生的,它引导的从句的谓语动词必须是延续性的。如:While my mther was cking, I was ding my hmewrk.当我妈妈做饭时,我在做作业。
4. 在when和while引导的从句中,当主句和从句的主语一致,并且从句中有be动词时,可以省略主语和be动词,构成when / while + ing结构。如:When (she is) in truble, she always asks fr my help.她遇到困难时总是向我求助。While (I am) traveling, I like t buy sme suvenirs.旅游时我喜欢买纪念品。
5. 当主句和从句所说的情况同时在发生变化时,通常用as, 译为“随着……而”,“一边……一边”。如:As I get lder, I becme wiser.随着年龄的增长,我变得更聪明。
6. since意思是“自从……以来”。一般情况下,从句谓语动词用一般过去式,而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时。当主句主语是it表时间时,常用一般现在时。since引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性动词,也可以是瞬间动词。如:They have been friends since they were at primary schl.他们从小学起就一直是好朋友。It is 50 years since they gt married.他们结婚50年了。
7. till和until意思是“到……为止”,一般情况下两者可以互换。until可以放在句首或句中,而till不可以放在句首。如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬间动词时,必须用否定形式,即“nt... until”结构,意思是“直到……才(开始)”。如:Walk till / until yu see a red huse.一直走到你看到一座红房子为止。I didn’t g t bed until I finished my hmewrk. = Nt until I finished my hmewrk did I g t bed. = It wasn’t until I finished my hmewrk that I went t bed. 直到做完作业我才上床睡觉。
8. whenever可以用every time替换。如:He likes listening t music whenever he has time.每当他有时间的时候,他喜欢听音乐。
【高考链接】 1. If yu dn’t understand smething, yu may research, study, and talk t ther peple__________ yu figure it ut. (2017北京卷28)
A. because B. thugh C. until D. since
2.__________ the average age f the ppulatin increases, there are mre and mre ld peple t care fr. (2016天津卷7)
A. Unless B. Until C. As D. While
3. There is nly ne mre day t g__________ yur favrite music grup play live.
A. since B. until C. when D. befre
4. We need t get t the rt f the prblem__________ we can slve it. (2015天津卷12)
A. while B. after C. befre D. as
5.__________ the damage is dne, it will take many years fr the farmland t recver. (2015北京卷32)
A. Until B. Unless C. Once D. Althugh
6. I believe yu will have a wnderful time here__________ yu get t knw everyne else. (2015陕西卷20)
A. thugh B. as if C. nce D. s that
7. If yu miss this chance, it may be years__________ yu get anther ne. (2015重庆卷4)
A. as B. befre C. since D. after
四、 让步状语从句表示即使出现从句中的情况,主句动作仍然会发生,有“退一步说……”的意思。从属连词有thugh, althugh, even if, even thugh, as, while, n matter, hwever, whatever等。
【点拨】 1. thugh和althugh“虽然,尽管,即使”,在一般情况下可以互换使用。在口语中,thugh较常使用,althugh比thugh更正式一些。如:I’ll try it, thugh / althugh I may fail.即使我可能失败,我也要试一下。
2. thugh和althugh(从属连词) 引导的让步状语从句不能和but (并列连词) 连用,但可以和yet (副词) 连用。如:Thugh / Althugh yu’re yunger than me, (yet) yu’re taller.虽然你比我年轻,但你比我高。
3. n matter wh / what / hw / when / where= whever / whatever / hwever / whenever / wherever。如:N matter hw (=Hwever) hard I try, I can never catch up with him. 不管我怎样努力,我永远不能赶上他。
4. as引导让步状语从句时,从句要倒装。① 如果从句用主系表结构,要将形容词提到as前;② 如果表语是可数名词单数时,把名词提到as前面的时候要把a(n)去掉;③ 如果从句用主谓 (宾) 状结构,要把副词提到as前;④ 如果从句用情态动词加不及物动词,把动词提到as前。如:Small as it was, the army had great fighting capacity. 这支军队虽然很小,战斗力却很强。Child as she is, she knws a lt. 虽然她还是个孩子,但她懂得很多。Much as I admire his curage, I dn’t think he acted wisely. 我虽然佩服他的勇气,我认为他这样做是不明智的。Try as I might, I culdn’t lift the stne. 我使多大劲这石头也搬不起来。
5. while (意思上与whereas相同) “虽然,尽管;然而,而”,在形式上引导让步状语从句,在概念上却是并列句。如:She is very diligent, while he is very lazy. 她很勤奋,而他却很懒。While respected, he is nt liked. 他虽受人尊敬,但并不被人喜欢。
【高考链接】 1.__________ sme peple are mtivated by a need fr success, thers are mtivated by a fear f failure. (2016江苏卷26)
A. Because B. If C. Unless D. While
2. My grandfather still plays tennis nw and then,__________ he’s in his nineties. (2016北京卷27)
A. as lng as B. as if C. even thugh D. in case
3.__________ nline shpping has changed ur life, nt all f its effects have been psitive. (2016浙江卷5)
A. Since B. After C. While D. Unless
4.__________ scientists have learned a lt abut the universe, there is much we still dn’t knw. (2015安徽卷23)
A. Once B. Since C. Thugh D. Unless
5.__________ the students came frm different cuntries, they gt alng quite well in the summer camp. (2015福建卷31)
A. While B. Unless C. Since D. Until
五、 引导地点状语从句的从属连词有:where, wherever, everywhere。
【点拨】 1. wherever是where加强语气的形式,表示“无论哪里”。如:Stand wherever yu like. 你爱站哪里就站哪儿。
2. 地点状语从句可以放句首,也可放在主句后。如:Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成。Everywhere she went, she was warmly welcmed. 她所到之处都受到热烈欢迎。
【高考链接】 1. Lcated__________ the Belt meets the Rad, Jiangsu will cntribute mre t the Belt and Rad cnstructin. (2017江苏卷23)
A. why B. when C. which D. where
2.__________ he nce felt like giving up, he nw has the determinatin t push further and keep n ging. (2015安徽卷34)
A. Where B. As C. In case D. Nw that
六、 原因状语从句是指在复合句中表示主句动作发生原因的句子。从属连词有because, since, as, nw that, nt that等。
【点拨】 1. because表示动作发生的直接原因,语气很强,常用来回答why引导的疑问句(这时不能用since以及as)。汉语里我们习惯说“因为……所以”,但使用英语时不能将because与s 连用。如:—Why didn’t he g with us tday?他为什么今天没跟我们一起去? —Because he was t tired.因为他太累了。Because my bike was brken, I went t schl by bus yesterday. 昨天因为自行车坏了,我乘公交上学。
2. 和because相比,since和as的语气稍弱。since意思是“既然;由于;因为”,表示已知的、显然的理由,较正式,多位于句首。如:Since it is late, I shall g hme right nw. (由于) 时间不早了,我得马上回家。
3. as和since的用法大体相同,表示附带说明的“双方已知的原因”。如:As it is raining, yu’d better take a taxi.既然在下雨,你最好乘出租车。
【高考链接】 I really enjy listening t music__________ it helps me relax and takes my mind away frm ther cares f the day. (2016北京卷33)
A. because B. befre C. unless D. until
七、 表示結果的状语从句可以由that, s that, , 等词引导。
【点拨】 1. 用s that引导结果状语从句时,从句中一般没有情态动词,否则应该是目的状语从句。如:He didn’t plan his time well, s(=s that) he didn’t finish the wrk in time. 他没有计划好时间,结果没按时完成这项工作。
2. “”意思是“如此……以至于”。其中s是副词,用来修饰形容词或副词。如:He studied s hard that he made great prgress. 他如此用功,取得了很大的进步。
3. “”的意思与“”相同。但由于such是限定词,所以只能修饰名词或名词词组。如:Mike is such an hnest man that we all believe him. 迈克是个很诚实的人,大家都相信他。
【高考链接】 Let’s nt pick these peaches until this weekend__________ they get sweet enugh t be eaten. (2018天津卷4)
A. ever since B. as if C. even thugh D. s that
八、 as引导行为方式状语从句时意为“按照”、“如同”。
【点拨】 1. just as是as加强语气的形式。如:We must d as the Party tells us.我們必须听党的话。Please d it just as I tld yu.请按照我告诉你的去做。
2. as if和as thugh意为“如同”、“好像……似的”、“仿佛……似的”。在它们引导的从句中,谓语动词常用虚拟语气;有时也用陈述语气,表示所说的情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。如:He acted as if (=as thugh) nthing had happened. 他表现得就像没发生什么似的。He talks as if he were my bss. (事实上他不是我的老板) 试比较:I feel as if I have a fever. (事实上是发烧了)
【高考链接】__________ a single wrd can change the meaning f a sentence, a single sentence can change the meaning f a paragraph. (2015浙江卷9)
A. Just as B. Even thugh C. Until D. Unless
九、 引导比较状语从句的从属连词有as和than。
【点拨】 1. 原级比较时用as+形容词或副词原级+as,用于两个项目之间的比较,表示“一方与另一方同样地……”, 否定形式为nt 或者nt ,表示“一方不如另一方那样……”。这两种结构中的第一个as (或s) 为副词,修饰它后面的形容词或副词;第二个as为从属连词,引导比较的另一方。如:German is as difficult (a language) as English.德语和英语一样难学。It is nt s / as easy as yu think.这不如你想像的容易。
2. 结构 (此处mre代表加er或用mre的比较级)。形容词或副词比较级+than+比较对象,也用于两者之间的比较,表示一方超过另一方。表示一方不及另一方时,可用。如:He is taller than I am.他比我高。She is mre beautiful than her sister.她比姐姐漂亮。The car is running less smthly than it used t.这辆小汽车开起来没有以前平稳了。
3. 在形容词或副词的比较级前可用加much, far, a lt, still, slightly, even, a little, a bit, (three) years, (five) times等副词或词组,以表明两者之间相差的程度。如:Unite t win still greater victries!团结起来,争取更大的胜利!The 2008 Beijing Olympic Games were far(=much=a lt) better rganized than any f the ther mdern games. 2008北京奥运会的组织工作比以往任何一届现代奥运会都要好得多。
4. that与thse 可用来指代上文提到过的东西,以避免重复这个名词。该用法在比较结构中尤为常见。如:The air f hills is cler than that f plains. (that指the air)
The cars made in yur cmpany are better than thse turned ut in theirs. (thse指thse cars)
小试牛刀
1. The clr varies__________ the temperature increases.
A. befre B. after C. during D. as
2. Tday was__________ that I culdn’t bring myself t cmplete my chres.
A. s fine day B. such fine day C. such a fine day D. s a fine day
3. Nt until the early years f 19th century__________ what heat is.
A. man knew B. did man knw C. man had knwn D. des man knw
4.__________ yu bject, Ill recnsider the plan.
A. Because B. Fr C. As D. S
5. I’ll stay here tnight__________ there is a rm free.
A. as far as B. as lng as C. in case D. fr fear that
6. Jean wrked just s much__________.
A. like what she was tld t
B. as she was tld t
C. as t what she tried t d
D. like she was tld t
7. Althugh it is raining hard,__________.
A. I am still ging ut
B. and I am still ging ut
C. that I am still ging ut
D. but I am still ging ut
8. They criticized him__________ he shuld make the same mistake again.
A. unless B. s that C. lest D. in case f
9.__________ landing, the aircraft explded.
A. As B. When C. As sn as D. Just as
10. Althugh he was regarded as an imprtant writer,__________ any mre.
A. thugh few peple read his wrks
B. but few peple read his wrks
C. and his wrks are nt widely read
D. his wrks are nt widely read
11. —Why did yu d it?
—__________they asked me t d it.
A. Because B. Since C. As D. Fr
12. Yu really can fly t Lndn tnight__________ yu dn’t mind changing planes in Paris.
A. prvided B. unless C. except D. as sn as
13. Take this baggage and__________ yu can find enugh space.
A. hang it which B. hang it in which C. hang it wherever D. hang in where
14.__________ air can be cmpressed, it is clear that between the mlecules f air there are free spaces.
A. Since B. When C. Due t D. Unless
15. We must imprve the farming methd__________ we may get high yields.
A. therefre B. as C. in rder that D. if
16. The yung hikers went__________ they gt lst.
A. as far as B. t far this is why C. very far therefre D. s far that
17.__________ the prblem is, he faces it with patience.
A. Whatever B. N matter C. Despite D. Althugh
18. He had n sner finished his speech__________ he withdrew.
A. then B. than C. and D. as
19.__________ yu are free tnight, why nt drp in and play chess with me?
A. Fr B. Because C. Since D. Even if
20. Yu will nt be able t succeed__________ than yu d nw.
A. except yu wrk harder
B. unless yu dn’t wrk harder
C. unless yu wrk harder
D. prvided yu wrk harder
参考答案
一、1—5 CBCBB
二、D
三、1—5 CCDCC 6—7 CB
四、1—5 DCCCA
五、1—2 DA
六、A
七、D
八、A
小试牛刀:
1—5 DCBCB 6—10 BACBD
11—15 AACAC 16—20 DABCC
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