高考英语语法之句子成分 课件(共26张PPT)
展开构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语(subject)和谓语(predicate);次要成分有表语(predicative)、宾语(bject)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial)、补足语(cmplement)和同位语(appsitive)。
主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不是疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词前面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。
During the 1990s, American cuntry music has becme mre and mre ppular.(名词)We ften speak English in class.(代词)One-third f the students in this class are girls.(数词)T swim in the river is a great pleasure.(不定式)Smking des harm t the health.(动名词)The rich shuld help the pr.(名词化的形容词)When we are ging t have an English test has nt been decided.(主语从句)It is necessary t master a freign language.(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式)
谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。
1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。如:He practices running every mrning.2、复合谓语: (1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。 如:Yu may keep the bk fr tw weeks. He has caught(捕捉) a bad cld. (2)由系动词加表语构成。如:We are students.
宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面,除常见的宾语外,还有双宾语和复合宾语两类。
They went t see an exhibitin(展览)yesterday.(名词) The heavy rain prevented me frm cming t schl n time.(代词)Hw many dictinaries d yu have? I have five.(数词)They helped the ld with their husewrk yesterday.(名词化形容词)He pretended (假装) nt t see me.(不定式短语) I enjy listening t ppular music.(动名词短语)
(1)双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语), 例如:Lend me yur dictinary, please. 间宾 直宾(2)复合宾语(宾语+宾补), 例如:They elected him their mnitr. 宾语 宾补
表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be, becme, get, lk, grw, turn, seem等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。
Our teacher f English is an American.(名词)Is it yurs?(代词)The weather has turned cld.(形容词)The speech is exciting.(分词)Three times seven is twenty ne?(数词)His jb is t teach English.(不定式)His hbby(爱好)is playing ftball.(动名词)The machine must be ut f rder.(介词短语)Time is up. The class is ver.(副词)The truth is that he has never been abrad.(表语从句)
英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补语,才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为:某些及物动词(如make等+宾语+宾补)。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当
His father named him Dngming.(名词)They painted their bat white.(形容词)Let the fresh air in.(副词)Yu mustn’t frce him t lend his mney t yu.(不定式短语)We saw her entering the rm.(现在分词)We fund everything in the lab in gd rder.(介词短语)We will sn make ur city what yur city is nw.(从句)
修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语Guilin is a beautiful city.(形容词)China is a develping cuntry; America is a develped cuntry.(分词) There are thirty wmen teachers in ur schl.(名词)His rapid prgress in English made us surprised.(代词)
修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语Our mnitr is always the first t enter the classrm.(不定式短语)The teaching plan fr next term has been wrked ut.(动名词)He is reading an article abut hw t learn English.(介词短语)
修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫做状语。Light travels mst quickly.(副词及副词性词组)He has lived in the city fr ten years.(介词短语)He is prud t have passed the natinal cllege entrance examinatin.(不定式短语)
修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫做状语。He is in the rm making a mdel plane.(分词短语)Wait a minute.(名词)Once yu begin, yu must cntinue.(状语从句)
Hw abut meeting again at six?(时间状语)Last night she didn’t g t the dance party because f the rain.(原因状语)I shall g there if it desn’t rain.(条件状语)Mr Smith lives n the third flr.(地点状语)She put the eggs int the basket with great care.(方式状语)
She came in with a dictinary in her hand.(伴随状语)In rder t catch up with the thers, I must wrk harder.(目的状语)He was s tired that he fell asleep immediately.(结果状语)She wrks very hard thugh she is ld.(让步状语)I am taller than he is.(比较状语)
Practice
一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分:1. The students gt n the schl bus. 主语 定语2. He handed me the newspaper. 间接宾语3. I shall answer yur questin after class. 谓语 状语4. What a beautiful Chinese painting! 定语5. They went hunting tgether early in the mrning. 状语 状语
6. His jb is t train swimmers. 定语 表语7. He tk many phts f the palaces in Beijing. 宾语 状语8. There is ging t be an American film tnight. 谓语 主语9. He is t leave fr Shanghai tmrrw. 谓语 10. His wish is t becme a scientist. 主语 表语
11. He managed t finish the wrk in time. 谓语 宾语12. Tm came t ask me fr advice. 状语13. He fund it imprtant t master English. 形宾 真正宾语14. D yu have anything else t say? 宾语 状语15. T be hnest; yur prnunciatin is nt s gd. 插入语 状语
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