江苏省南京市六校联考2021-2022学年高一上学期期中考试英语试题含答案

这是一份江苏省南京市六校联考2021-2022学年高一上学期期中考试英语试题含答案，共13页。试卷主要包含了5分，满分7， B， What did Mr等内容，欢迎下载使用。

南京市六校联考2021-2022学年高一上学期期中考试
英语

第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?
A. £19.15. B. £9.18. C. £9.15.
答案是C。
1. What is the man going to do?
A. Go running. B. Swim in the sea. C. Take part in a competition.
2. When will the speakers get to the cinema?
A. At 2:30. B. At 2:50. C. At 3:00.
3. What will the woman do tonight?
A. Write a report. B. Go to a party. C. Do her housework.
4. Where is the boy’s toy car?
A. On the table. B. Inside the box. C. On the bed.
5. What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. A singer. B. A concert. C. A song.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题 5 秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第 6 段材料，回答第 6、7 题。
6. What are the speakers mainly discussing?
A. An interview. B. An English class. C. A piece of homework.
7. What did Mr. Gray talk a lot about?
A. The methods of learning English.
B. The culture of some countries.
C. The rules in the classroom.
听第 7 段材料，回答第 8 至 10 题。
8. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
A. Father and daughter. B. Teacher and student. C. Salesman and customer.
9. When does the bookshop close on weekends?
A. At 5:00 p.m. B. At 7:15 p.m. C. At 9:30 p.m.
10. What can the woman get for free if she buys a dictionary?
A. A diary. B. A poster. C. A magazine.
听第 8 段材料，回答第 11 至 13 题。
11. Who will meet the woman at the airport?
A. The man. B. The man’s workmate. C. The man’s driver.
12. Why did the woman fail to be picked up?
A. The man forgot the time change.
B. The driver got the wrong arrival time.
C. She didn’t e-mail the man about the change in time.
13. Where will the speakers meet tonight?
A. At a hotel. B. At an airport. C. At the man’s office.
听第 9 段材料，回答第 14 至 17 题。
14. What is the woman’s problem?
A. She can’t find any music for Parents’ Night.
B. She isn’t familiar with young people’s tastes.
C. She has to choose different music for different people.
15. What kind of music do the speakers decide to start with?
A. Jazz. B. Rock’n’roll. C. Country music.
16. What do we know about line dancing?
A. Most old people don’t like it.
B. People usually do it with jazz.
C. It requires people to do the same steps together.
17. What will the speakers do next?
A. Have something to drink. B. Choose different music. C. Learn to do line dancing.
听第 10 段材料，回答第 18 至 20 题。
18. Who was probably the first in the middle ages to encourage experimenting?
A. Galileo. B. Roger Bacon. C. Aristotle.
19. Where did Galileo carry out his experiment?
A. In France. B. In England. C. In Italy.
20. What is the main purpose of this talk?
A. To introduce the development of modern science.
B. To show the importance of scientific experiment.
C. To list the discoveries by some great scientists.
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中, 选出最佳选项。
A

Top Hotel Deals in Chicago
Hilton Garden Inn $77 Review score: 9.4
●Excellent location near the world-famous Chicago Art Institute, Millennium Park, the Museum Campus and lakefront.
● Enjoy local favorites like Chicago-style hot dogs. You can hit the gym or pool later.
● Extra in-room benefits include Keurig coffeemakers, 49" flat-screens with HBO, Netflix and Apple TV streaming—plus free WiFi.
Freehand Chicago $69 Review score: 8.5
● Style in this hotel is popular in a laid-back way. And it’s perfectly placed in a gallery-dotted neighborhood.
● Award-winning (Best Hotel Bar) Broken Shaker offers hand-made drinks and street-food inspired treats.
● Hit Café Integral for light bites and hand-made drinks of both the wine and caffeine.
Loews Chicago Hotel $139 Review score: 9.8
● Head to the rooftop bar for drinks and views (especially if it’s a Navy Pier fireworks night!).
● Get great views from floor-to-ceiling windows.
● Rooftop terrace (露台) serves outdoor bites, wine, drinks and a celebration of all-things in summer.
St. Clair Hotel $84 Review score: 8.0
● Modern interiors (内部) within a cool old building, ideally situated in the heart of the city, steps from the Magnificent Mile.
● Fast and free WiFi so you can keep up with all the quality programming you get to watch when you’re at home. 
● Pet-friendly hotel with no extra charge for your furry friends.
21. What can you do in Hilton Garden Inn?
A. Watch online TV. B. Drink in a Café.
C. Enjoy the fireworks show. D. Compete for an award.
22. To enjoy yourself in the open air, you’d better choose_______.
A. Hilton Garden Inn B. Freehand Chicago
C. Loews Chicago Hotel D. St. Clair Hotel
23. What is unique to St. Clair hotel?
A. It provides free WiFi. B. It overlooks a park.
C. It gets the highest score. D. It welcomes pets.
B
Approaching 96, at an age when most are lonely and in poor health, Olga Murray, full of energy, has been eagerly planning a trip to Kathmandu, the capital of Nepal, while keeping in contact with hundreds of friends around the world. How can she be in such good shape? Is it her good genes? (Her mother lived to 98.) Her daily salads and three-times-a-week workouts? Or might it have something to do with the retired lawyer’s second career as founder of a nonprofit organization?
Scientists increasingly are finding that the answer—call it living with purpose, finding meaning in life or just engaging with something larger than yourself—can be a particularly healthy pursuit. Living with a sense of purpose can improve the quality of those final years. Murray offers a vivid example of how to create a sense of meaning.
Murray’s story began in 1984, after she had worked 37 years as a lawyer and was starting to think about retirement(退休). At 59, while traveling in Nepal, Murray found herself amazed by the children there. “They were poor beyond anything I had ever experienced,” she recalled in a self-published memoir(自传)years later. “Yet they were the most joyful little kids anywhere on earth.” She wanted to put the rest of her life into helping educate Nepalese children.
Returning to Nepal the next year, she met Allan Aistrope, then a volunteer English teacher at the country’s only orphanage(孤儿院). The two combined forces, beginning with organizing college scholarships for four of the orphans. After another five years, they had launched the Nepal Youth Foundation(NYF), which by then was supporting several hundred scholarship students and raising 60 homeless children. In 1994, the two hired Som Paneru, a former scholarship student, as executive director. Murray has taken several steps to make sure the NYF will survive after the unavoidable loss of her presence. She handed over the presidency to Paneru in 2012. Now, she is busy as usual, leading lots of fundraising campaigns.
24. How did Nepalese children impress Murray when she traveled in Nepal at 59?
A. They were eager to receive education.
B. They lived a very poor but happy life.
C. They liked to communicate with foreigners.
D. They were terribly interested in her memoir
25. What did Murray do first when she travelled to Nepal the second time?
A. She helped four orphans go to college.
B. She started the Nepal Youth Foundation.
C. She volunteered to act as an English teacher.
D. She sent 60 homeless children to the orphanage.
26. Which best describes Murray?
A. Confident and helpful. B. Energetic and selfless.
C. Creative and professional. D. Kind-hearted and flexible.
27. What’s the writing purpose of this text?
A. To encourage people to exercise regularly.
B. To advise people to change their jobs.
C. To attract more tourists to Nepal.
D. To inspire people to live a purposeful life.
C
During the outbreak of Coronavirus, people have got creative with ways to get everyday tasks done. Maria Botero, a resident and business owner in Medellín, Colombia is one of those out-of-the-box thinkers who has a new system in place to go about addressing her day to day workload. Owner of a local mini-market called El Porvenir, Botero has sought the help of her dog, Eros, to complete deliveries to some of their regular customers.
Eros, an eight-year-old chocolate Labrador, has been with the Botero family for several years now. Before she met Eros, Maria was uncertain to get a dog. However, her son’s repeated demands finally persuaded her to make up her mind. They welcomed Eros into their lives, and he’s been part of the family ever since.
When they opened their mini-market four years ago, the Boteros would bring Eros along for their daily deliveries. Thanks to a big brain and lots of treats, Eros gradually learned the names of some of their regular customers. When told someone’s name that he’s familiar with, he’s able to make his way to the person’s home alone. When the COVID-19 pandemic (流行病) got bad in Colombia and the government began restricting citizens’ ability to go out and buy groceries freely, Maria knew it was time to put Eros’ skills to good use.
Climbing the hilly neighborhood of Tulipanes with the handle of a basket held tightly in his mouth, Eros completes deliveries on a daily basis. Once he arrives at his destination, the customers know that tipping in the form of treats and lots of pats is a must. He’s such a good boy, after all! Inside the basket, Maria leaves a receipt for the goods delivered. Customers can pay via a simple online transfer.
28. Why did Maria accept Eros?
A. She wanted to satisfy her son. B. She was a pet lover.
C. She tried to turn to him for help. D. She needed his company.
29. What does Eros do for Maria during the COVID-19 pandemic?
A. He welcomes familiar customers.
B. He delivers goods to regular customers.
C. He collects receipts from the new customers.
D. He entertains customers with newly-learned skills.
30. What can we learn about Eros?
A. He was once a pet of a customer’s.
B. He usually went to people’s homes for treats alone.
C. He carried shopping baskets for Maria before.
D. He used to follow Maria around the neighborhood.
31. How does the customers respond to Eros’ work?
A. They leave tips in Eros’ basket.
B. They introduce their pets to Eros.
C. They show their love and satisfaction to Eros.
D. They express willingness to pay for Eros’ service.
D
Which is better for Earth: an electric or gas-powered vehicle? The answer to this question might seem blindingly obvious. Of course electric cars must be better for the environment, because they don’t give off greenhouse gases as people drive. However, electric vehicles (EVs) aren’t perfect, and they come with their own set of polluting problems. Their batteries require a large amount of energy to produce.
Battery production is just one part of an electric car’s life span. A study looked at the entire life cycle of an EV’s emissions(排放)，from mining the metals for the batteries to producing the electricity needed to power them, and then compared this with the average emissions of a gas-powered vehicle. The team found that when EVs are charged with coal-powered electricity, they’re actually worse for the environment than gas-powered cars.
“Only when connected to the clean energy do EVs have an advantage over the gas-powered cars on a greenhouse gas basis,” said Colin Sheppard, an expert in energy and transportation systems. That’s why more and more countries are decreasing the power supply from coal. In China, the national grid is improving with more efforts in renewable energy. For example, it has twice as much wind energy capacity as the U.S. and it builds more solar panels per year than any other countries.
Sheppard has modelled a future in which all cars are electric. “We want to understand what it might be like if all passenger vehicles were electrified.” The model suggests that if all vehicles in the U.S. were electric, greenhouse-gas emissions would be 46% less every year. This reduction could be increased even further if those vehicles were using a technique known as “smart charging” in which cars are recharged at chosen times (often at night) to reduce the cost of electricity.
In short, it’s far easier to argue for buying an EV than a gas-powered vehicle. But what about the cost? Aren’t electric vehicles too expensive for most people?
32. In which case do EVs get more heavy-polluted than gas-powered cars?
A. Being powered only by batteries.
B. Using coal-powered electricity.
C. Starting to give off greenhouse gases.
D. Replacing gas-powered vehicles entirely.
33. How does Sheppard’s model show the reduction of greenhouse-gas emissions?
A. With a discussion. B. With an examination.
C. With a comparison. D. With a questionnaire.
34. What can be inferred from the text?
A. China is making advances in renewable energy.
B. Compared with gas-powered cars, EVs are at an advantage.
C. There is still room for the development of EVs.
D. It’s not a challenge to choose between EVs and gas-powered cars.

35. What might the paragraph following the passage be about?
A. Inventing green gas-powered vehicles.
B. Developing environment-friendly grids.
C. Getting rid of fossil energy like coal and oil.
D. Making electric vehicles more affordable.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Are you trying to manage your weight or a health condition, but find yourself wolfing down a large box of ice cream or a big bag of chips? 36 Here’s how to really focus on your food so that you eat the right things in the right amounts.
l Studies have found that we can put away as much as 25 percent more calories if we focus on a phone, tablet or television at the same time. 37 That is because, with such devices occupying your attention, you’re not aware of how much you have already had. So, put down the devices and eat at a table—preferably with a partner, friend or the whole family. 38 As a result, you’ll eat less and enjoy it more.
l To be really aware of the food you’re eating, pause halfway through your meal and ask yourself if you’re still hungry or whether you might be close to being full. Are you enjoying the taste and the texture（口感）of what you’re eating, rather than just packing it away? It takes around 20 minutes for your brain to realize that your stomach is full. 39
l 40 It’s very easy to use food—cooking or consuming it—to avoid stress and a busy life. If you do find yourself overeating, stop and ask yourself if you are bored, tense or depressed. Once you identify the reason behind your mindless eating, you’re in a better position to put an end to it.
A. It may not be food.
B. Your attention may be attracted by an interesting game.
C. It’s because you feel hungry when you’re fully occupied.
D. Do you eat more than you really need before you realize it?
E. Worse still, there’s evidence that you eat more later in the day.
F. And if you’re dining alone, simply be more mindful of your food.
G. So if you take your time and pause from time to time you tend to eat less.
第三部分 语言运用（共四节，满分55分）
第一节 完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
The Munfords were moving into a house they bought. They wanted to see if all the furniture was in good condition before they used it. James Munford was 41 the built-in drawers in the closet last month, when he found two cases holding 46 gold Liberty $5 coins and 18 Morgan silver dollars that were made in the 1800s. They looked really old, like they were really worth a lot of 42 .
James and his wife, Clarrisa, who are both retired thought the coins are 43 a family heirloom (传家宝), so they went ahead and made sure the owner 44 them back. James texted pictures of the 45 to the home’s former owner and made plans to 46 them.
“We really didn’t know anything about the 47 of the coins. We really didn’t 48 , to be honest with you. We knew they were not ours,” said Clarrisa Munford, who runs a restaurant business.
The home’s 49 owner, who asked not to be 50 , estimated（估算） that the coins were worth about $25,000. He said he’d put the containers in the back of his sock drawer a few months ago for safe keeping and didn’t see it in his 51 to get packed up and moved out of the house. The rest of his coin collection was in his safe. He didn’t realize the coins were 52 until the Munfords contacted him. He added that he would never have known if they had 53 to sell the coins and keep the money for themselves.
The Munfords are still unpacking and their furniture just arrived last week, so they haven’t had a 54 to see if there are any other 55 .
41. A. trying B. repairing C. removing D. checking
42. A. trouble B. money C. effort D. time
43. A. specially B. actually C. probably D. exactly
44. A. got B. put C. gave D. held
45. A. closets B. drawers C. cases D. coins
46. A. return B. collect C. sell D. examine
47. A. number B. origin C. value D. use
48. A. believe B. care C. understand D. agree
49. A. generous B. real C. kind D. former
50. A. named B. paid C. rewarded D. praised
51. A. attempt B. hope C. hurry D. demand
52. A. missing B. old C. dangerous D. secure
53. A. struggled B. decided C. helped D. promised
54. A. place B. means C. chance D. desire
55. A. choices B. problems C. suggestions D. surprises
第二节 短文语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
How can people live in a country for years and not learn the language? I’d heard of such people and, if I’m 56 (complete) honest, I judged them. Then, the time came for me to move to China and I decided I wouldn’t waste my opportunity 57 others.
After two years, I’m embarrassed to report that I’ve not made significant progress. 58 I work mostly with Chinese colleagues 59 offer to help me, I simply don’t make the time. Why, though? How is it possible? Well, life is so interesting in Beijing that I get 60 (catch) up in anything and everything else.
One would think that living in a foreign country would practically press you 61 (study) the language, but it’s more complex than that. First, when your job is to use your native language, the majority of your day 62 (spend) in and around native language material. Second, let’s not forget that we live in the 63 (advance) era (时代) of translation apps. Yes, it is easy indeed to go about the majority of your day and not hear or need to use much Chinese at all. Thirdly, it must be recognized that learning 64 new language takes time.
In short, it has taught me how to abandon my opinions about how people “should” interact with the world. It has increased my 65 (able) to empathize(共情).
第三节 单词拼写（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
根据首字母或中文释义，在句中空白处填入适当单词的正确形式。
66. Another _________ (有益处的) aspect of group exercise is the useful information that you can receive.
67. He has always wanted a/an _________ (冒险的) life in the rainforest.
68. With today’s more __________ (效率高的) methods，people can plan their families and careers better.
69. The hotel has many special __________ (设施，设备)for welcoming disabled people.
70. There are stories about his _________ (慷慨), and the large amounts of money he gave to the charities.
71. Lily told the police that she and her husband had a heated a__________ before he left.
72. When the city was locked down, people from all walks of life v__________ lent a helping hand.
73. The chairman of the airline was fully r_________ for the accident.
74. She has always d__________ to get away from cities when under stress.
75. Employees provide services to the company they work for in e__________ for pay.
第四节 单句语法填空 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
76. To protect their eyes, the students have a rest every forty minutes with their eyes _________ (focus) on more distant objects.
77. For some reason which _________ (escape) me, we have to take a taxi.
78. He was told he had no talent and would never make ________ as a professional singer.
79. Her eyes lit up ________ the sight of the rich variety of food on show.
80. Jim said he would never forget the places and the people________ he visited in the countryside.
81. ________ (judge) from what you say in your letter, you don’t sound well.
82. If one is late for a job interview, it is not likely _________ he will get the job.
83. Research suggests that children _________ parents spend more time playing with them are more likely to succeed.
84. Could you tell me what it takes _________ (graduate) from university?
85. His government did not receive full __________ (recognize) by the United States until June.
第四部分 写作（满分15分）
假如你是李华，你的好友Lisa在最近一次考试中成绩下滑，不敢面对父母和老师。请你用英语给她写封信，给出你的建议。要点如下：
1.心态很重要，自信是关键；
2.烦恼时找父母或老师寻求帮助；
3.改变学习方法。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右;
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Dear Lisa,





Yours,
Li Hua

南京市六校联考2021-2022学年高一上学期期中考试
英语答案
第一部分 听力
1-5 ABACA 6-10 BCCAB 11-15 CBACB 16-20 CABCB
第二部分 阅读
第一节
21-23 ACD 24-27 BABD 28-31 ABDC 32-35 BCCD
第二节
36-40 DEFGA
第三部分 语言运用
第一节 完形填空
第二节 41-45 DBCAD 46-50 ACBDA 51-55 CABCD
第二节 短文语法填空
56. completely    57. like     58. Though/Although/While     59. who/ that    60. caught 
61. to study       62. is spent     63. advanced             64. a           65. ability
第三节 单词拼写
66. beneficial 67. adventurous\ adventuresome 68. efficient 69. facilities 70. generosity
71. argument 72. voluntarily 73. responsible 74.desired 75. exchange
第四节 单句语法填空
76. focused 77.escapes 78. it 79.at 80. that
81.Judging 82. that 83. whose 84. to graduate 85. recognition
第四部分 写作
A possible version:
Dear Lisa,
I am sorry to hear that you feel disappointed at your falling grades. I am writing to give you some suggestions.
It is known that confidence is the key to success, so a positive attitude makes much difference to your study. What’s more, whenever under stress, you can turn to your teachers or parents for help. Last but not least, it is very necessary to consider changing your learning methods.
Get rid of your pressure and work hard, and you will achieve your goal. I hope my suggestions are useful. Looking forward to your good news.
Yours,
Li Hua



2021-2022学年第一学期高一期中六校联合调研试题
高一英语听力原文
(Text 1)
M: What are you going to do?
W: I’m going swimming, down at the beach. What about you?
M: I’m going running. I’m practicing for a competition next month.
(Text 2)
W: Sorry, I’m late.
M: Oh, the film starts at three o’clock. And it’s half past two now.
W: Oh, don’t worry. We’ll get there in twenty minutes.
M: Let’s go.
(Text 3)
M: Have you finished your housework? We shall go to the party before 7:00 p.m.
W: Oh, I can’t attend it. I have a report to finish.
M: That’s a pity.
(Text 4)
M: My room is pretty, isn’t it? Look, I study on this table. I put my toys in this box.
W: Is your new toy car inside the box too?
M: Of course not. It is on my bed. I play with it before bedtime.
(Text 5)
W: The CD you gave me is wonderful. The singer has a beautiful voice.
M: Yes. The way she sings is special. It’s like she really does feel what she’s singing about.
(Text 6)
M: What was your English class like?
W: It was fun. I did a lot of speaking, introducing myself and getting to know other students.
M: Did Mr. Gray give you methods of learning English?
W: No, but he told us to learn more about English-speaking countries’ culture. He said we should read these articles immediately.
M: Anything else?
W: Well, he talked a lot about the rules in the classroom. Um … we must pay attention to what he says in class. And we should attend his class on time.
(Text 7)
W: Hello, I saw your advertisement about dictionaries. I need to buy one for my father. But I can’t remember the name of your bookshop.
M: We’re the English Center. Everything in the shop is cheaper this week.
W: Great. Where exactly is your shop?
M: We’re in the center of town behind the post office. We’re next to the cinema, actually.
W: Right. And what are your opening hours?
M: During the week, it’s nine thirty to quarter past seven. On Saturdays and Sundays, we close at 5:00 p.m.
W: And the advertisement said something about a free gift as well?
M: Yes. If you buy a dictionary, we’ll also give you a free poster. Or you can buy a diary or a magazine half price.
W: OK. Thanks very much.
(Text 8)
W: Andre, hello. It’s Lora. I’m at Kuala Lumpur Airport.
M: Welcome to Malaysia! I sent my driver to pick you up. Is he there?
W: No, he isn’t.
M: I’m sorry about that. There’s been a mix-up.
W: You got my e-mail about the change in the arrival time, didn’t you?
M: Yes, and I asked my workmate to tell the driver. But my driver got the wrong information and went to the airport this morning.
W: Oh, no.
M: When you didn’t arrive, he came back. I told him to go out to the airport again. Maybe he’s on his way now.
W: OK. I’ll wait for him.
M: Right. Shall we have dinner together this evening? I’ll meet you at your hotel at about 8 o’clock if that’s OK.
W: That sounds good. But I am rather tired after a long flight. So I want to have a sleep first.
M: OK. See you later.
(Text 9)
W: Hello, Jerry. I have to choose the music for Parents’ Night. Would you like to help me?
M: Sure. Where do you want to start?
W: Well, for people of our age it’s no problem, we are familiar with each other and we know what we like. But the parents’ tastes are different.
M: We’ll have to choose something different for each group, won’t we?
W: That’s my problem.
M: OK, let’s start with some rock’n’roll for the mums and dads.
W: Right. And what about some jazz afterwards? Everyone likes that.
M: Great idea! Hey, why don’t we do something like line dancing with country and western music?
W: You mean everyone lines up on the floor next to each other and does the same steps to the music? That should be a lot of fun and everyone — old and young — can join in.
M: It looks like you have almost everything ready. Come on, I’ll treat you to a soda.
W: Great!
(Text 10)
M: Hello, everyone. Today my speech is aimed at people who are interested in science. The rise of
modern science may be considered to date as far back as the time of Roger Bacon who lived
between the years 1214 and 1292. He was probably the first in the middle ages to believe that we must learn science by experimenting on the things around us.
Galileo, however, who lived more than 300 years later, was the greatest of several great men. In Italy, France, Germany, or England, they began to show how many important truths could be discovered by experiment. Before the time of Galileo, learned men believed that large bodies fall more rapidly towards the earth than small ones, because Aristotle said so. But Galileo, going to the top of the Leaning Tower of Pisa in Italy, let fall two unequal stones and proved Aristotle was wrong. It is Galileo’s spirit of going direct to Nature, and proving our opinions and theories by experiment, that has led to all the great discoveries of modern science.