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2022版高考英语一轮复习练案15必修3Module3TheViolenceofNature练习含解析外研版20210520263学案
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这是一份2022版高考英语一轮复习练案15必修3Module3TheViolenceofNature练习含解析外研版20210520263学案，共12页。
Ⅰ.完形填空
(2020·广东省七校联合体第一次联考)
Göran Krpp was a Swedish adventurer and muntaineer.In 1972, at the age f six, with his father's help, he 1.D Galdhpiggen, the highest muntain in Nrthern Eurpe.Twenty fur years later, he std n the highest peak in the wrld, Munt Everest.His jurney t the 2.A shws just hw independent, persistent(坚持的), and determined this 3.A man is.
4.C mst peple arrive at the fthills f Munt Everest by sme srt f mdern 5.B ， Krpp bicycled 8,000 miles frm his hme in Sweden.Traveling by bike was nt 6.B .He stpped many times t 7.C his bike because rugh rads caused mechanical prblems fr him.In additin, he was run after by dgs, stung by hrnets (马蜂) and was caught in the rain several times befre he 8.B the base f the muntain.
Krpp 9.A t climb Munt Everest the same way he traveled t the muntain: withut the 10.C f thers and withut mdern cnveniences.Unlike ther 11.C Krpp climbed the muntain withut a guide r helper.He did nt 12.D bttled xygen t help him 13.A at high altitudes, and he carried all f his 14.D himself in a pack that weighed abut 140 punds.
It tk Krpp 15.A tries t reach the tp f Munt Everest.The first time, he had t 16.D nly 350 feet frm the tp because the weather was t dangerus.Just a few days earlier, at that same level eight climbers had 17.C because f a sudden snwstrm in the muntain.He felt deep srrw fr them, but became mre 18.B .The muntaineer waited ut the strm, 19.D ， and tried again a few days later.This time, he was 20.B .After he walked dwn the muntain, he gt back n his bike and rde the 8,000 miles back t Sweden.
文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。瑞典探险家Göran Krpp在六岁时便在父亲的帮助下登上北欧最高峰Galdhpiggen；二十四年后，他登上了世界最高峰——珠穆朗玛峰。在登山过程中，他从瑞典骑行8 000英里来到山脚，在不借助他人帮助的情况下成功登上山顶。
1．A.heard f B．dreamed f
C．saw D．climbed
解析：根据上文“Göran Krpp was a Swedish adventurer and muntaineer.”可知，Göran Krpp是瑞典探险家和登山者。结合该句“In 1972, at the age f six, with his father's help, he 1 Galdhpiggen, the highest muntain in Nrthern Eurpe.”可知，他在六岁时，在父亲的帮助下登上北欧最高峰Galdhpiggen。D项意为“攀登”。故D项正确。A项意为“听说”；B项意为“梦想”；C项意为“看到”。
2．A.tp B．cuntry
C．area D．valley
解析：根据空前一句“Twentyfur years later, he std n the highest peak in the wrld, Munt Everest.”可知，在二十四年后，他登上了世界最高峰珠穆朗玛峰。由此可知，他登上世界之顶的壮举展示了他的独立、坚韧不拔的精神。A项意为“顶；顶端”。故A项正确。B项意为“国家”；C项意为“地区”；D项意为“山谷”，都与语境不符。
3．A.utstanding B．generus
C．mdest D．hnest
解析：上文提到他登上了世界最高峰。故可推知他是一个杰出的人。A项意为“杰出的”。故A项正确。B项意为“慷慨的；大方的”；C项意为“谦虚的”；D项意为“诚实的”，都与语境不符。
4．A.Unless B．Once
C．While D．Because
解析：根据该句中的“mst peple arrive bicycled 7,000 miles frm his hme in Sweden”可知，尽管大部分人是通过一些现代车辆(vehicle)来到珠穆朗玛峰山脚下的，但是Krpp是从瑞典的家里骑行八千英里来到珠穆朗玛峰山脚下。C项意为“尽管；虽然”，符合语境。故C项正确。A项意为“除非”；B项意为“一旦”；D项意为“因为”，都与语境不符。
5．A.design B．vehicle
C．thery D．material
解析：参见上题解析。B项意为“车辆”。故B项正确。A项意为“设计”；C项意为“理论”；D项意为“材料”，都与文意不符。
6．A.bring B．easy
C．tiring D．busy
解析：根据常识和下文中的“He stpped many times t 7 his bike”可知，骑行去珠穆朗玛峰脚下是不容易的。B项意为“容易的”。故B项正确。A项意为“令人厌烦的”；C项意为“令人疲劳的”；D项意为“忙碌的”，都与语境不符。
7．A.lck B．ride
C．repair D．find
解析：根据下文中的“because rugh rads caused mechanical prblems fr him”可知，由于崎岖的道路引发自行车机械故障，所以他不得不多次停下修理自行车。C项意为“修理”。故C项正确。A项意为“锁上”；B项意为“骑”；D项意为“发现”，都与语境不符。
8．A.left B．reached
C．discvered D．tured
解析：此处表示在抵达山脚下之前，他被狗追赶，被马蜂蜇，数次被困在雨中。B项意为“抵达”。故B项正确；A项意为“离开”；C项意为“发现”；D项意为“游历”。
9．A.chse B．refused
C．agreed D．hated
解析：根据下文中的“withut the 10 f thers and withut mdern cnveniences”可知，Krpp选择了他到山脚的同样的方式去攀登山峰，即不要别人以及现代设备的帮助。A项意为“选择”。故A项正确。B项意为“拒绝”；C项意为“同意”；D项意为“讨厌”。
10．A.presence B．apprval
C．assistance D．knwledge
解析：参见上题解析。C项意为“帮助”。故C项正确。A项意为“出席；到场”；B项意为“批准；同意”；D项意为“知识”，都与语境不符。
11．A.bservers B．travelers
C．muntaineers D．hikers
解析：根据语境可知，此处表示与其他登山者不同的是，Krpp登山没有向导或助手。C项意为“登山者”。故C项正确。A项意为“观察者”；B项意为“旅客”。D项意为“徒步旅行者”，都与文意不符。
12．A.gather B．rder
C．share D．bring
解析：根据该句中的“He did nt 12 bttled xygen t help him 13 at high altitudes”可知，他没有带氧气瓶帮助自己在高山上呼吸。D项意为“带来”。故D项正确。A项意为“收集”；B项意为“命令”；C项意为“分享”，都与语境不符。
13．A.breathe B．walk
C．live D．stay
解析：参见上题解析。A项意为“呼吸”。故A项正确。B项意为“行走”；C项意为“居住；生活”；D项意为“停留”，都与文意不符。
14．A.medicines B．fd
C．clthes D．equipment
解析：根据该句中的“he carried all a pack that weighed abut 140 punds”可知，他用一个大背包自带所有设备，总重大概140磅。D项意为“设备”。故D项正确。A项意为“药物”；B项意为“食物”；C项意为“衣服”。
15．A.tw B．three
C．many D．several
解析：根据下文中的“The first time”以及该段倒数第三句中的“and tried again a few days later”可知，Krpp尝试了两次才登上珠穆朗玛峰。故A项正确。
16．A.g n B．get up
C．set ut D．turn back
解析：根据该句中的“because the weather was t dangerus”可知，第一次登山时，由于天气太危险，他不得不在离山顶只有350英尺的地方折回。D项意为“折回”。故D项正确。A项意为“继续”；B项意为“起身”；C项意为“出发”。
17．A.slipped B．wandered
C．died D．hurt
解析：根据语境并结合该句“Just a few days earlier, at that same level eight climbers had 17 because f a sudden snwstrm in the muntain.”可知，数天前，由于在珠穆朗玛峰相同的高度突然发生暴风雪，八名登山者死亡。C项意为“死亡”。故C项正确。A项意为“滑落”；B项意为“徘徊”；D项意为“伤害(感情)；伤心”，都与语境不符。
18．A.astnished B．determined
C．satisfied D．discuraged
解析：根据下文中的“tried again a few days later”可知，等暴风雪停止，数天后他又一次开始登山。由此可知，虽然他为故去的登山者感到悲伤，但是他变得更加坚定了。B项意为“坚定的”。故B项正确。A项意为“惊讶的”；C项意为“满意的”；D项意为“丧气的”。
19．A.hid B．stpped
C．survived D．rested
解析：根据该句“The muntaineer waited ut the strm, 19 ， and tried again a few days later.”可知，这位登山者在暴风雪时休息数天，之后再次开始登山。D项意为“休息”。故D项正确。A项意为“躲藏”；B项意为“停止”；C项意为“生存”。
20．A.thughtful B．successful
C．dubtful D．meaningful
解析：根据下文中的“After he walked dwn the muntain”可知，这次他成功地登上了珠穆朗玛峰。B项意为“成功的”。故B项正确。A项意为“深思的；体贴的”；C项意为“怀疑”；D项意为“有意义的”，都与语境不符。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
(2021·北京市丰台区期末)
As glbal temperatures rise，trees arund the wrld are experiencing lnger grwing seasns，smetimes as much as three extra weeks a year.All that time helps trees grw faster.Fr the past 100 years，trees have been experiencing fast grwth in temperate regins frm Maryland t Finland，t Central Eurpe，where the grwth rate f sme trees has even sped up nearly 77% since 1870.Assuming wd is just as strng tday，thse gains wuld mean mre timber(木材) fr building，burning，and string carbn captured frm the atmsphere.But is wd really as dense as it used t be?
Hans Pretzsch，a frest scientist at the Technical University f Munich in Germany，and his clleagues wanted t find an answer.They carried ut a study f the frests f Central Eurpe.They started with 41 experimental plts in suthern Germany，sme f which have been cntinuusly mnitred since 1870.Pretzsch and his team tk cre samples frm the trees—which included Nrway spruce，sessile ak，Eurpean beech，and Scts pine—and analyzed the tree rings using a highfrequency prbe.
They fund that in all fur species，wd density has decreased by 8% t 12%，they reprt nline in Frest Eclgy and Management.“We expected a trend f the wd density like this，but nt such a strng and significant decrease，” Pretzsch says.Increasing temperatures，and the faster grwth they spur，prbably accunt fr sme f the drp.Anther factr，Pretzsch says，is mre nitrgen in the sil frm agricultural fertilizer (化肥) and vehicle exhaust.Previus studies have linked increased fertilizer use t decreased wd density.Abve all，the study suggests that the higher temperatures—cmbined with pllutin frm aut exhaust and farms—are making wd weaker，resulting in trees that break mre easily and wd that is less durable.
“I am getting wrried，” says Richard Hughtn，an eclgist at the Wds Hle Research Center in Falmuth，Massachusetts，wh was nt part f the new study.As the density f the samples drpped，s did their carbn cntent，by abut 50%.That means frests may suffer mre damage frm strms and may be less efficient at saking up the greenhuse gas carbn dixide (CO2)than scientists had thught，Hughtn says.
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。对森林的研究表明，气候变暖会改变木材的质量。“树越来越大，但树也越来越脆弱”。
1．Paragraph 1 is written t B .
A．prve an idea B．intrduce a tpic
C．give an example D．describe a fact
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中“Assuming wd is just as strng tday，thse gains wuld mean mre timber(木材) fr building，burning，and string carbn captured frm the atmsphere.But is wd really as dense as it used t be？”假设木材的强度和今天一样高，这些收益将意味着更多的木材用于建筑、燃烧和储存从大气中捕获的碳。但是木材真的像以前那样密度大吗？可知，第一段是为了引出一个主题。故选B。
2．The study f the frests shws C .
A．farming slws trees' grwth
B．mre areas are cvered with frests
C．warming changes the quality f wd
D．pllutin leads t higher temperatures
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句话“ study suggests that the higher temperatures—cmbined with pllutin frm aut exhaust and farms—are making wd weaker，resulting in trees that break mre easily and wd that is less durable.”研究表明，高温——再加上汽车尾气和农场的污染——使木材变得更脆弱，导致树木更容易折断，木材更不耐用。可知，对森林的研究表明，气候变暖会改变木材的质量。故选C。
3．What Hughtn says suggests A .
A．great lss might be caused
B．strm damage can be prevented
C．the size f frests might be increased
D．less greenhuse gases can be sent ut
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句话“That means frests may suffer mre damage frm strms and may be less efficient at saking up the greenhuse gas carbn dixide (CO2) than scientists had thught，Hughtn says.”霍顿说，这意味着森林可能遭受更多风暴的破坏，吸收温室气体二氧化碳(CO2)的效率可能低于科学家的预期。可知，霍顿所说的话意味着可能会造成巨大的损失。故选A。
4．What is the best title fr the passage？ D
A．We nly have ne earth
B．Trees—ur best friends
C．The influence f climate change
D．Trees are getting bigger，but weaker
解析：标题判断题。根据第一段中“As glbal temperatures rise，trees arund the wrld are experiencing lnger grwing seasns，smetimes as much as three extra weeks a year.All that time helps trees grw faster.”随着全球气温上升，世界各地的树木正在经历更长的生长季节，有时一年多出三周。所有这些时间帮助树木长得更快。和第三段中“ study suggests that the higher temperatures—cmbined with pllutin frm aut exhaust and farms—are making wd weaker，resulting in trees that break mre easily and wd that is less durable.”研究表明，高温——再加上汽车尾气和农场的污染——使木材变得更脆弱，导致树木更容易折断，木材更不耐用。可知，本文讲述的是“树越来越大，但树也越来越脆弱”。故选D。
B
(2020·浙江省高三“五校联考”第一次考试)
Emji might nt be yur first chice f cmmunicatin in a disaster, but researchers feel they culd make a difference during emergencies, where every secnd cunts.Nw, the Emjiquake campaign is lbbying fr an earthquake emji t be added t the Unicde set—the standard grup f icns available n digital devices wrldwide.The campaign aims t find an earthquakeapprpriate design t be submitted t Unicde.
“Apprximately up t ne third f the wrld's ppulatin are expsed t earthquakes，” explains University f Suthamptn seismlgist (地震学家) Dr.Stephen Hicks, a funder f the campaign.“S we really want t be able t cmmunicate t all f thse regins, all f thse different languages, and an emji is an amazing way f ding that.”
Unlike many ther weather and climate related events, where lnger warning times r visible signs are available, earthquakes mve incredibly quickly and are difficult t measure while they are still ccurring.Ppulatins in areas like Japan and Mexic are dependent n earthquake early warning technlgy, which issues an alert n digital devices and bradcast media.“Yu may have secnds t get under a table r t prtect yurself，” explains Dr.Hicks.“That can be life saving in many cases.Naturally yu dn't want t much wrding in the warning message.”
Pictgraphs (象形文字) and ther visuals like emji have a track recrd f being faster and easier t understand than written McBride, a cmmunicatins specialist, wh is als part f the campaign, tld BBC News, “Emji can crss the bundaries f written languages, helping cmmunicate valuable infrmatin t peple wh may struggle t read a certain language.”
The ptential usefulness f emji in emergencies culd extend well beynd earthquakes.A team f designers als came up with emrji—an entire set f emji dedicated t climate and envirnmental events.
文章大意：本文为应用文。主要叙述了一场以添加地震表情符号为目标的运动。该运动的创始人对此做出解释，试图说明地震表情是一种通用的语言交流工具，有助于挽救生命。
5．Accrding t the passage, why did the campaign chse earthquakes as their target？ A
A．Because earthquakes threaten many peple in different regins.
B．Because earthquakes are the easiest t be expressed by an emji.
C．Because earthquakes are nt difficult t measure while ccurring.
D．Because earthquakes are the mst destructive disasters in the wrld.
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段第一句“Emji might nt be yur first chice f cmmunicatin in a disaster, but researchers feel they culd make a difference during emergencies”和第三段“earthquakes mve incredibly quickly and are difficult t measure while they are still ccurring”可推断出这是因为地震来得快，让人无法反应，在许多地方威胁许多人的生命。故选A项。
6．Which f the fllwing can replace the underlined phrase “lbby fr” in the first paragraph？ C
A．Hpe fr. B．Enter fr.
C．Appeal fr. D．Run fr.
解析：词义猜测题。第二段和第三段中的地震博士Dr.Hicks对此做出解释，目的就是呼吁大家赞同这个观点。分析选项可知C项符合题意。
7．What can we infer frm Dr.Sara McBride's wrds abut emji？ D
A．Emji benefits peple with reading disability a lt.
B．Emji is being used t cnvey valuable infrmatin.
C．Emji can crss the bundaries f written languages.
D．Emji is a universal language and helpful tl in cmmunicatin.
解析：推理判断题。第二段最后“S we really want t be able t cmmunicate t all f thse regins, all f thse different languages, and an emji is an amazing way f ding that.”及第三段“That can be life saving in many cases.Naturally yu dn't want t much wrding in the warning message.”可推断出表情符号是一种通用语言，当灾难来临时不需要多说，表情就可以交流，以此在很多情形下可以挽救生命。分析选项可知D项符合题意。因此选D项。
8．The best title f the passage shuld be A
A．Culd an emji save ur life?
B．What can emji d in ur life?
C．Hw is emji changing ur life?
D．D we really knw abut emji?
解析：标题判断题。第一段说表情符号可能不是你在灾难中沟通的第一选择，但研究人员认为还是会有作用的。接着下面讲述了一场以添加地震表情为目标的运动。地震博士Dr.Hicks为此做了很多的解释，想让人们相信表情能挽救生命。分析选项可知A项(一个表情能拯救我们的生命吗？)符合题意。故选A项。
Ⅲ.语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
(2020·辽宁省五校协作体联合模拟)
The Frbidden City, 1.lcated (lcate) at the exact center f Beijing, is a place full f wnders.
But mre than 600 years after it was built, it's still managing 2.t serve (serve) up surprises because the Frbidden City has survived mre than 200 earthquakes.
Mst structures aren't made t survive 3.natural (nature) disasters, let alne thse built hundreds f years ag.
T shw 4.hw strng ancient Chinese buildings really are, a televisin dcumentary by British bradcaster Channel 4 explred the skills f the ancient building's designers.A grup f Chinese carpenters and 5.engineers (engineer) were shwn building a scale mdel f ne f the Frbidden City's palaces, at ne fifth f the size.
The mdel 6.was put (put) t the test.It was subjected t a simulated earthquake f 9.5 n the Richter scale.Instead f falling apart, the mdel was just mved 7.gently (gentle) during the test.
Accrding t experts, the answer t the Frbidden City's strength, lies in dugng— 8.an ld building methd invented in China.
In spite f being held tgether 9.withut any nails r glue, dugng is perfect at 10.keeping (keep) structures tgether.S as China's mst ppular turist destinatin, perhaps the Frbidden City shuld add ne mre thing t its list f attractins: earthquake shelter.
文章大意：本文介绍了紫禁城的位置、历史、建筑抗震强以及抗震强的原因。
解析：
1．考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处充当定语，省略了which is。be lcated at表示“位于”。
2．考查非谓语动词。manage后面用动词不定式作宾语。故用t serve。
3．考查形容词。空处充当定语，修饰disasters，说明被修饰词的性质，表示“自然的”。故用形容词形式natural。
4．考查副词。为了表明中国古代的建筑是多么的结实，英国第四频道电视台的一个电视纪录片探索了古代中国建筑设计师们的技艺。hw表示“多么”，修饰形容词strng。
5．考查名词的单复数。and连接并列结构，前后保持一致，前面用名词复数carpenters。故空处也应该用名词engineer的复数形式。
6．考查动词的时态和语态。该句意为：这个模型被投入到试验中，根据上下文可知，动作发生在过去。故用一般过去时，又因为主语The mdel与谓语动词put构成被动关系。故用was put。
7．考查副词。空处修饰动词mved。故用其副词形式gently。
8．考查冠词。methd是可数名词，这里表示泛指一种。故用不定冠词，又因为空后是发音以元音音素开头的ld。故用an。
9．考查介词。根据上下文可知，用dugng这种技术建造房子不用钉子和胶水。故用withut。
10．考查非谓语动词。keep充当介词at的宾语。故用其动名词形式。
Ⅳ.短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加，删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
(2021·江西赣中南五校第一次联考)
Dear Peter，
I'm very glad t receive yur email asking fr infrmatin abut the hst family we have arranged yu t stay with.
Lcating in a beautiful and quiet neighbrhd, the huse was big enugh t enable yu t have a rm f yur wn.Apart frm the cnvenient public transprtatin, ur private car will make yur visit easy.Because all the family members can speak fluently English and have utging persnalities, I'm sure yu will have n truble cmmunicate with them.Abve all, they hsted the American student last year, thrugh that they gained lts f experience.In additin t, the hstess cking will guarantee yu a wnderful chance f tasting delicius Chinese fd.
Hpe yu enjy yur stay there.
Yurs，
Li Hua
答案：
Dear Peter，
I'm very glad t receive yur email asking fr infrmatin abut the hst family we have arranged eq \(∧,\s\d8(fr)) yu t stay with.
eq \(Lcating,\s\d8(Lcated)) in a beautiful and quiet neighbrhd, the huse eq \(was,\s\d8(is)) big enugh t enable yu t have a rm f yur wn.Apart frm the cnvenient public transprtatin, eq \(ur,\s\d8(their)) private car will make yur visit easy.Because all the family members can speak eq \(fluently,\s\d8(fluent)) English and have utging persnalities, I'm sure yu will have n truble eq \(cmmunicate,\s\d8(cmmunicating)) with them.Abve all, they hsted eq \(the,\s\d8(an)) American student last year, thrugh eq \(that,\s\d8(which)) they gained lts f experience.In additin t, the eq \(hstess,\s\d8(hstess')) cking will guarantee yu a wnderful chance f tasting delicius Chinese fd.
Hpe yu enjy yur stay there.
Yurs，
Li Hua
解析：
1．考查固定句式。arrange fr sb.t d sth.意为“安排某人做某事”，为固定搭配。故在yu前加fr。
2．考查非谓语动词。be lcated in...意为“坐落于……”，为固定短语，在句中作状语。故将Lcating改为Lcated。
3．考查时态。此处是在介绍这个家庭的基本情况，表示客观事实，故用一般现在时。故将was改为is。
4．考查代词。文章是“我”在为Peter介绍他所要寄宿的家庭的情况，与下文中的“them”相照应。故将ur改为their。
5．考查形容词。修饰名词应用形容词，故用形容词fluent作定语修饰English。故将fluently改为fluent。
6．考查固定句式。have n truble(in) ding sth.意为“做某事没有困难”，为固定搭配，故用动词ing形式作宾语。故将cmmunicate改为cmmunicating。
7．考查冠词。根据语境可知，此处表示泛指，故用不定冠词，又因American的发音以元音音素开头。故将the改为an。
8．考查定语从句。在定语从句中，介词后跟关系代词which/whm。结合语境可知，关系词表示前面整件事。故将that改为which。
9．考查介词。由语境可知，此处应用In additin表示“此外”，故将介词t删除。in additin t为介词短语，后跟名词、代词或动词ing作宾语，不可单独使用。
10．考查名词所有格。这里指女主人的厨艺，应用名词所有格。故将hstess改为hstess'。
Ⅰ.完形填空
(2020·广东省七校联合体第一次联考)
Göran Krpp was a Swedish adventurer and muntaineer.In 1972, at the age f six, with his father's help, he 1.D Galdhpiggen, the highest muntain in Nrthern Eurpe.Twenty fur years later, he std n the highest peak in the wrld, Munt Everest.His jurney t the 2.A shws just hw independent, persistent(坚持的), and determined this 3.A man is.
4.C mst peple arrive at the fthills f Munt Everest by sme srt f mdern 5.B ， Krpp bicycled 8,000 miles frm his hme in Sweden.Traveling by bike was nt 6.B .He stpped many times t 7.C his bike because rugh rads caused mechanical prblems fr him.In additin, he was run after by dgs, stung by hrnets (马蜂) and was caught in the rain several times befre he 8.B the base f the muntain.
Krpp 9.A t climb Munt Everest the same way he traveled t the muntain: withut the 10.C f thers and withut mdern cnveniences.Unlike ther 11.C Krpp climbed the muntain withut a guide r helper.He did nt 12.D bttled xygen t help him 13.A at high altitudes, and he carried all f his 14.D himself in a pack that weighed abut 140 punds.
It tk Krpp 15.A tries t reach the tp f Munt Everest.The first time, he had t 16.D nly 350 feet frm the tp because the weather was t dangerus.Just a few days earlier, at that same level eight climbers had 17.C because f a sudden snwstrm in the muntain.He felt deep srrw fr them, but became mre 18.B .The muntaineer waited ut the strm, 19.D ， and tried again a few days later.This time, he was 20.B .After he walked dwn the muntain, he gt back n his bike and rde the 8,000 miles back t Sweden.
文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。瑞典探险家Göran Krpp在六岁时便在父亲的帮助下登上北欧最高峰Galdhpiggen；二十四年后，他登上了世界最高峰——珠穆朗玛峰。在登山过程中，他从瑞典骑行8 000英里来到山脚，在不借助他人帮助的情况下成功登上山顶。
1．A.heard f B．dreamed f
C．saw D．climbed
解析：根据上文“Göran Krpp was a Swedish adventurer and muntaineer.”可知，Göran Krpp是瑞典探险家和登山者。结合该句“In 1972, at the age f six, with his father's help, he 1 Galdhpiggen, the highest muntain in Nrthern Eurpe.”可知，他在六岁时，在父亲的帮助下登上北欧最高峰Galdhpiggen。D项意为“攀登”。故D项正确。A项意为“听说”；B项意为“梦想”；C项意为“看到”。
2．A.tp B．cuntry
C．area D．valley
解析：根据空前一句“Twentyfur years later, he std n the highest peak in the wrld, Munt Everest.”可知，在二十四年后，他登上了世界最高峰珠穆朗玛峰。由此可知，他登上世界之顶的壮举展示了他的独立、坚韧不拔的精神。A项意为“顶；顶端”。故A项正确。B项意为“国家”；C项意为“地区”；D项意为“山谷”，都与语境不符。
3．A.utstanding B．generus
C．mdest D．hnest
解析：上文提到他登上了世界最高峰。故可推知他是一个杰出的人。A项意为“杰出的”。故A项正确。B项意为“慷慨的；大方的”；C项意为“谦虚的”；D项意为“诚实的”，都与语境不符。
4．A.Unless B．Once
C．While D．Because
解析：根据该句中的“mst peple arrive bicycled 7,000 miles frm his hme in Sweden”可知，尽管大部分人是通过一些现代车辆(vehicle)来到珠穆朗玛峰山脚下的，但是Krpp是从瑞典的家里骑行八千英里来到珠穆朗玛峰山脚下。C项意为“尽管；虽然”，符合语境。故C项正确。A项意为“除非”；B项意为“一旦”；D项意为“因为”，都与语境不符。
5．A.design B．vehicle
C．thery D．material
解析：参见上题解析。B项意为“车辆”。故B项正确。A项意为“设计”；C项意为“理论”；D项意为“材料”，都与文意不符。
6．A.bring B．easy
C．tiring D．busy
解析：根据常识和下文中的“He stpped many times t 7 his bike”可知，骑行去珠穆朗玛峰脚下是不容易的。B项意为“容易的”。故B项正确。A项意为“令人厌烦的”；C项意为“令人疲劳的”；D项意为“忙碌的”，都与语境不符。
7．A.lck B．ride
C．repair D．find
解析：根据下文中的“because rugh rads caused mechanical prblems fr him”可知，由于崎岖的道路引发自行车机械故障，所以他不得不多次停下修理自行车。C项意为“修理”。故C项正确。A项意为“锁上”；B项意为“骑”；D项意为“发现”，都与语境不符。
8．A.left B．reached
C．discvered D．tured
解析：此处表示在抵达山脚下之前，他被狗追赶，被马蜂蜇，数次被困在雨中。B项意为“抵达”。故B项正确；A项意为“离开”；C项意为“发现”；D项意为“游历”。
9．A.chse B．refused
C．agreed D．hated
解析：根据下文中的“withut the 10 f thers and withut mdern cnveniences”可知，Krpp选择了他到山脚的同样的方式去攀登山峰，即不要别人以及现代设备的帮助。A项意为“选择”。故A项正确。B项意为“拒绝”；C项意为“同意”；D项意为“讨厌”。
10．A.presence B．apprval
C．assistance D．knwledge
解析：参见上题解析。C项意为“帮助”。故C项正确。A项意为“出席；到场”；B项意为“批准；同意”；D项意为“知识”，都与语境不符。
11．A.bservers B．travelers
C．muntaineers D．hikers
解析：根据语境可知，此处表示与其他登山者不同的是，Krpp登山没有向导或助手。C项意为“登山者”。故C项正确。A项意为“观察者”；B项意为“旅客”。D项意为“徒步旅行者”，都与文意不符。
12．A.gather B．rder
C．share D．bring
解析：根据该句中的“He did nt 12 bttled xygen t help him 13 at high altitudes”可知，他没有带氧气瓶帮助自己在高山上呼吸。D项意为“带来”。故D项正确。A项意为“收集”；B项意为“命令”；C项意为“分享”，都与语境不符。
13．A.breathe B．walk
C．live D．stay
解析：参见上题解析。A项意为“呼吸”。故A项正确。B项意为“行走”；C项意为“居住；生活”；D项意为“停留”，都与文意不符。
14．A.medicines B．fd
C．clthes D．equipment
解析：根据该句中的“he carried all a pack that weighed abut 140 punds”可知，他用一个大背包自带所有设备，总重大概140磅。D项意为“设备”。故D项正确。A项意为“药物”；B项意为“食物”；C项意为“衣服”。
15．A.tw B．three
C．many D．several
解析：根据下文中的“The first time”以及该段倒数第三句中的“and tried again a few days later”可知，Krpp尝试了两次才登上珠穆朗玛峰。故A项正确。
16．A.g n B．get up
C．set ut D．turn back
解析：根据该句中的“because the weather was t dangerus”可知，第一次登山时，由于天气太危险，他不得不在离山顶只有350英尺的地方折回。D项意为“折回”。故D项正确。A项意为“继续”；B项意为“起身”；C项意为“出发”。
17．A.slipped B．wandered
C．died D．hurt
解析：根据语境并结合该句“Just a few days earlier, at that same level eight climbers had 17 because f a sudden snwstrm in the muntain.”可知，数天前，由于在珠穆朗玛峰相同的高度突然发生暴风雪，八名登山者死亡。C项意为“死亡”。故C项正确。A项意为“滑落”；B项意为“徘徊”；D项意为“伤害(感情)；伤心”，都与语境不符。
18．A.astnished B．determined
C．satisfied D．discuraged
解析：根据下文中的“tried again a few days later”可知，等暴风雪停止，数天后他又一次开始登山。由此可知，虽然他为故去的登山者感到悲伤，但是他变得更加坚定了。B项意为“坚定的”。故B项正确。A项意为“惊讶的”；C项意为“满意的”；D项意为“丧气的”。
19．A.hid B．stpped
C．survived D．rested
解析：根据该句“The muntaineer waited ut the strm, 19 ， and tried again a few days later.”可知，这位登山者在暴风雪时休息数天，之后再次开始登山。D项意为“休息”。故D项正确。A项意为“躲藏”；B项意为“停止”；C项意为“生存”。
20．A.thughtful B．successful
C．dubtful D．meaningful
解析：根据下文中的“After he walked dwn the muntain”可知，这次他成功地登上了珠穆朗玛峰。B项意为“成功的”。故B项正确。A项意为“深思的；体贴的”；C项意为“怀疑”；D项意为“有意义的”，都与语境不符。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
(2021·北京市丰台区期末)
As glbal temperatures rise，trees arund the wrld are experiencing lnger grwing seasns，smetimes as much as three extra weeks a year.All that time helps trees grw faster.Fr the past 100 years，trees have been experiencing fast grwth in temperate regins frm Maryland t Finland，t Central Eurpe，where the grwth rate f sme trees has even sped up nearly 77% since 1870.Assuming wd is just as strng tday，thse gains wuld mean mre timber(木材) fr building，burning，and string carbn captured frm the atmsphere.But is wd really as dense as it used t be?
Hans Pretzsch，a frest scientist at the Technical University f Munich in Germany，and his clleagues wanted t find an answer.They carried ut a study f the frests f Central Eurpe.They started with 41 experimental plts in suthern Germany，sme f which have been cntinuusly mnitred since 1870.Pretzsch and his team tk cre samples frm the trees—which included Nrway spruce，sessile ak，Eurpean beech，and Scts pine—and analyzed the tree rings using a highfrequency prbe.
They fund that in all fur species，wd density has decreased by 8% t 12%，they reprt nline in Frest Eclgy and Management.“We expected a trend f the wd density like this，but nt such a strng and significant decrease，” Pretzsch says.Increasing temperatures，and the faster grwth they spur，prbably accunt fr sme f the drp.Anther factr，Pretzsch says，is mre nitrgen in the sil frm agricultural fertilizer (化肥) and vehicle exhaust.Previus studies have linked increased fertilizer use t decreased wd density.Abve all，the study suggests that the higher temperatures—cmbined with pllutin frm aut exhaust and farms—are making wd weaker，resulting in trees that break mre easily and wd that is less durable.
“I am getting wrried，” says Richard Hughtn，an eclgist at the Wds Hle Research Center in Falmuth，Massachusetts，wh was nt part f the new study.As the density f the samples drpped，s did their carbn cntent，by abut 50%.That means frests may suffer mre damage frm strms and may be less efficient at saking up the greenhuse gas carbn dixide (CO2)than scientists had thught，Hughtn says.
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。对森林的研究表明，气候变暖会改变木材的质量。“树越来越大，但树也越来越脆弱”。
1．Paragraph 1 is written t B .
A．prve an idea B．intrduce a tpic
C．give an example D．describe a fact
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中“Assuming wd is just as strng tday，thse gains wuld mean mre timber(木材) fr building，burning，and string carbn captured frm the atmsphere.But is wd really as dense as it used t be？”假设木材的强度和今天一样高，这些收益将意味着更多的木材用于建筑、燃烧和储存从大气中捕获的碳。但是木材真的像以前那样密度大吗？可知，第一段是为了引出一个主题。故选B。
2．The study f the frests shws C .
A．farming slws trees' grwth
B．mre areas are cvered with frests
C．warming changes the quality f wd
D．pllutin leads t higher temperatures
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句话“ study suggests that the higher temperatures—cmbined with pllutin frm aut exhaust and farms—are making wd weaker，resulting in trees that break mre easily and wd that is less durable.”研究表明，高温——再加上汽车尾气和农场的污染——使木材变得更脆弱，导致树木更容易折断，木材更不耐用。可知，对森林的研究表明，气候变暖会改变木材的质量。故选C。
3．What Hughtn says suggests A .
A．great lss might be caused
B．strm damage can be prevented
C．the size f frests might be increased
D．less greenhuse gases can be sent ut
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句话“That means frests may suffer mre damage frm strms and may be less efficient at saking up the greenhuse gas carbn dixide (CO2) than scientists had thught，Hughtn says.”霍顿说，这意味着森林可能遭受更多风暴的破坏，吸收温室气体二氧化碳(CO2)的效率可能低于科学家的预期。可知，霍顿所说的话意味着可能会造成巨大的损失。故选A。
4．What is the best title fr the passage？ D
A．We nly have ne earth
B．Trees—ur best friends
C．The influence f climate change
D．Trees are getting bigger，but weaker
解析：标题判断题。根据第一段中“As glbal temperatures rise，trees arund the wrld are experiencing lnger grwing seasns，smetimes as much as three extra weeks a year.All that time helps trees grw faster.”随着全球气温上升，世界各地的树木正在经历更长的生长季节，有时一年多出三周。所有这些时间帮助树木长得更快。和第三段中“ study suggests that the higher temperatures—cmbined with pllutin frm aut exhaust and farms—are making wd weaker，resulting in trees that break mre easily and wd that is less durable.”研究表明，高温——再加上汽车尾气和农场的污染——使木材变得更脆弱，导致树木更容易折断，木材更不耐用。可知，本文讲述的是“树越来越大，但树也越来越脆弱”。故选D。
B
(2020·浙江省高三“五校联考”第一次考试)
Emji might nt be yur first chice f cmmunicatin in a disaster, but researchers feel they culd make a difference during emergencies, where every secnd cunts.Nw, the Emjiquake campaign is lbbying fr an earthquake emji t be added t the Unicde set—the standard grup f icns available n digital devices wrldwide.The campaign aims t find an earthquakeapprpriate design t be submitted t Unicde.
“Apprximately up t ne third f the wrld's ppulatin are expsed t earthquakes，” explains University f Suthamptn seismlgist (地震学家) Dr.Stephen Hicks, a funder f the campaign.“S we really want t be able t cmmunicate t all f thse regins, all f thse different languages, and an emji is an amazing way f ding that.”
Unlike many ther weather and climate related events, where lnger warning times r visible signs are available, earthquakes mve incredibly quickly and are difficult t measure while they are still ccurring.Ppulatins in areas like Japan and Mexic are dependent n earthquake early warning technlgy, which issues an alert n digital devices and bradcast media.“Yu may have secnds t get under a table r t prtect yurself，” explains Dr.Hicks.“That can be life saving in many cases.Naturally yu dn't want t much wrding in the warning message.”
Pictgraphs (象形文字) and ther visuals like emji have a track recrd f being faster and easier t understand than written McBride, a cmmunicatins specialist, wh is als part f the campaign, tld BBC News, “Emji can crss the bundaries f written languages, helping cmmunicate valuable infrmatin t peple wh may struggle t read a certain language.”
The ptential usefulness f emji in emergencies culd extend well beynd earthquakes.A team f designers als came up with emrji—an entire set f emji dedicated t climate and envirnmental events.
文章大意：本文为应用文。主要叙述了一场以添加地震表情符号为目标的运动。该运动的创始人对此做出解释，试图说明地震表情是一种通用的语言交流工具，有助于挽救生命。
5．Accrding t the passage, why did the campaign chse earthquakes as their target？ A
A．Because earthquakes threaten many peple in different regins.
B．Because earthquakes are the easiest t be expressed by an emji.
C．Because earthquakes are nt difficult t measure while ccurring.
D．Because earthquakes are the mst destructive disasters in the wrld.
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段第一句“Emji might nt be yur first chice f cmmunicatin in a disaster, but researchers feel they culd make a difference during emergencies”和第三段“earthquakes mve incredibly quickly and are difficult t measure while they are still ccurring”可推断出这是因为地震来得快，让人无法反应，在许多地方威胁许多人的生命。故选A项。
6．Which f the fllwing can replace the underlined phrase “lbby fr” in the first paragraph？ C
A．Hpe fr. B．Enter fr.
C．Appeal fr. D．Run fr.
解析：词义猜测题。第二段和第三段中的地震博士Dr.Hicks对此做出解释，目的就是呼吁大家赞同这个观点。分析选项可知C项符合题意。
7．What can we infer frm Dr.Sara McBride's wrds abut emji？ D
A．Emji benefits peple with reading disability a lt.
B．Emji is being used t cnvey valuable infrmatin.
C．Emji can crss the bundaries f written languages.
D．Emji is a universal language and helpful tl in cmmunicatin.
解析：推理判断题。第二段最后“S we really want t be able t cmmunicate t all f thse regins, all f thse different languages, and an emji is an amazing way f ding that.”及第三段“That can be life saving in many cases.Naturally yu dn't want t much wrding in the warning message.”可推断出表情符号是一种通用语言，当灾难来临时不需要多说，表情就可以交流，以此在很多情形下可以挽救生命。分析选项可知D项符合题意。因此选D项。
8．The best title f the passage shuld be A
A．Culd an emji save ur life?
B．What can emji d in ur life?
C．Hw is emji changing ur life?
D．D we really knw abut emji?
解析：标题判断题。第一段说表情符号可能不是你在灾难中沟通的第一选择，但研究人员认为还是会有作用的。接着下面讲述了一场以添加地震表情为目标的运动。地震博士Dr.Hicks为此做了很多的解释，想让人们相信表情能挽救生命。分析选项可知A项(一个表情能拯救我们的生命吗？)符合题意。故选A项。
Ⅲ.语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
(2020·辽宁省五校协作体联合模拟)
The Frbidden City, 1.lcated (lcate) at the exact center f Beijing, is a place full f wnders.
But mre than 600 years after it was built, it's still managing 2.t serve (serve) up surprises because the Frbidden City has survived mre than 200 earthquakes.
Mst structures aren't made t survive 3.natural (nature) disasters, let alne thse built hundreds f years ag.
T shw 4.hw strng ancient Chinese buildings really are, a televisin dcumentary by British bradcaster Channel 4 explred the skills f the ancient building's designers.A grup f Chinese carpenters and 5.engineers (engineer) were shwn building a scale mdel f ne f the Frbidden City's palaces, at ne fifth f the size.
The mdel 6.was put (put) t the test.It was subjected t a simulated earthquake f 9.5 n the Richter scale.Instead f falling apart, the mdel was just mved 7.gently (gentle) during the test.
Accrding t experts, the answer t the Frbidden City's strength, lies in dugng— 8.an ld building methd invented in China.
In spite f being held tgether 9.withut any nails r glue, dugng is perfect at 10.keeping (keep) structures tgether.S as China's mst ppular turist destinatin, perhaps the Frbidden City shuld add ne mre thing t its list f attractins: earthquake shelter.
文章大意：本文介绍了紫禁城的位置、历史、建筑抗震强以及抗震强的原因。
解析：
1．考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处充当定语，省略了which is。be lcated at表示“位于”。
2．考查非谓语动词。manage后面用动词不定式作宾语。故用t serve。
3．考查形容词。空处充当定语，修饰disasters，说明被修饰词的性质，表示“自然的”。故用形容词形式natural。
4．考查副词。为了表明中国古代的建筑是多么的结实，英国第四频道电视台的一个电视纪录片探索了古代中国建筑设计师们的技艺。hw表示“多么”，修饰形容词strng。
5．考查名词的单复数。and连接并列结构，前后保持一致，前面用名词复数carpenters。故空处也应该用名词engineer的复数形式。
6．考查动词的时态和语态。该句意为：这个模型被投入到试验中，根据上下文可知，动作发生在过去。故用一般过去时，又因为主语The mdel与谓语动词put构成被动关系。故用was put。
7．考查副词。空处修饰动词mved。故用其副词形式gently。
8．考查冠词。methd是可数名词，这里表示泛指一种。故用不定冠词，又因为空后是发音以元音音素开头的ld。故用an。
9．考查介词。根据上下文可知，用dugng这种技术建造房子不用钉子和胶水。故用withut。
10．考查非谓语动词。keep充当介词at的宾语。故用其动名词形式。
Ⅳ.短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加，删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
(2021·江西赣中南五校第一次联考)
Dear Peter，
I'm very glad t receive yur email asking fr infrmatin abut the hst family we have arranged yu t stay with.
Lcating in a beautiful and quiet neighbrhd, the huse was big enugh t enable yu t have a rm f yur wn.Apart frm the cnvenient public transprtatin, ur private car will make yur visit easy.Because all the family members can speak fluently English and have utging persnalities, I'm sure yu will have n truble cmmunicate with them.Abve all, they hsted the American student last year, thrugh that they gained lts f experience.In additin t, the hstess cking will guarantee yu a wnderful chance f tasting delicius Chinese fd.
Hpe yu enjy yur stay there.
Yurs，
Li Hua
答案：
Dear Peter，
I'm very glad t receive yur email asking fr infrmatin abut the hst family we have arranged eq \(∧,\s\d8(fr)) yu t stay with.
eq \(Lcating,\s\d8(Lcated)) in a beautiful and quiet neighbrhd, the huse eq \(was,\s\d8(is)) big enugh t enable yu t have a rm f yur wn.Apart frm the cnvenient public transprtatin, eq \(ur,\s\d8(their)) private car will make yur visit easy.Because all the family members can speak eq \(fluently,\s\d8(fluent)) English and have utging persnalities, I'm sure yu will have n truble eq \(cmmunicate,\s\d8(cmmunicating)) with them.Abve all, they hsted eq \(the,\s\d8(an)) American student last year, thrugh eq \(that,\s\d8(which)) they gained lts f experience.In additin t, the eq \(hstess,\s\d8(hstess')) cking will guarantee yu a wnderful chance f tasting delicius Chinese fd.
Hpe yu enjy yur stay there.
Yurs，
Li Hua
解析：
1．考查固定句式。arrange fr sb.t d sth.意为“安排某人做某事”，为固定搭配。故在yu前加fr。
2．考查非谓语动词。be lcated in...意为“坐落于……”，为固定短语，在句中作状语。故将Lcating改为Lcated。
3．考查时态。此处是在介绍这个家庭的基本情况，表示客观事实，故用一般现在时。故将was改为is。
4．考查代词。文章是“我”在为Peter介绍他所要寄宿的家庭的情况，与下文中的“them”相照应。故将ur改为their。
5．考查形容词。修饰名词应用形容词，故用形容词fluent作定语修饰English。故将fluently改为fluent。
6．考查固定句式。have n truble(in) ding sth.意为“做某事没有困难”，为固定搭配，故用动词ing形式作宾语。故将cmmunicate改为cmmunicating。
7．考查冠词。根据语境可知，此处表示泛指，故用不定冠词，又因American的发音以元音音素开头。故将the改为an。
8．考查定语从句。在定语从句中，介词后跟关系代词which/whm。结合语境可知，关系词表示前面整件事。故将that改为which。
9．考查介词。由语境可知，此处应用In additin表示“此外”，故将介词t删除。in additin t为介词短语，后跟名词、代词或动词ing作宾语，不可单独使用。
10．考查名词所有格。这里指女主人的厨艺，应用名词所有格。故将hstess改为hstess'。
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