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2021年中考英语语法课件 主谓一致
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这是一份2021年中考英语语法课件 主谓一致，共49页。PPT课件主要包含了主谓一致练习等内容，欢迎下载使用。
Useful structures
语法详解： 所谓主谓一致是指主语和谓语动词之间,即主语的人称和单复数形式决定着谓语动词对应的形式。
The by ___ diving.
They ____ diving.
Bth Jack and Tim ___ diving.
All f them ____ diving.
Neither Jack nr Tim ___ walking.
Finish the fllwing exercises:
Bb _____ a wrker.
Mike and Bb _____ wrkers.
Bth Mike and Bb ____wrkers.
Neither Mike nr Bb ___a teacher.
Neither f them ___________ (knw) hw t teach English.
All f them ______ wrkers.
Nne f them ___________ (knw) hw t teach English.
主谓一致主要有以下几种情况：
1. and连接两个或两个以上单数名词或者代词作主语的时候,谓语动词有以下两种情况：(1) He and she _____bth students f this schl. 他和她都是这个学校的学生。如果指两个或两个以上不同的人或事物的时候,谓语动词用复数。
(2) 但如果连接两个以上的名词指的是同一个人或物, 或者指同一概念的时候, 谓语要用单数。
The singer and dancer____ ging t give us a perfrmance. 那个歌唱家兼舞蹈演员要给我们表演。 The knife and frk ____n the table. 刀叉在桌子上。
2. 如果主语是不定式, 动词ing形式或主语从句的时候,谓语动词一般用单数。 When he is cming ______ very imprtant. 他什么时候要来看起来很重要。 Cllecting stamps ____ his hbby. 收集邮票是他的爱好。 T lve her _____ nt t break her wings. 爱她就不该折断她自由飞翔的翅膀。
3. 定语从句的关系代词wh, which, that在从句中作主语时，要与先行词的人称和数保持一致。 Thse wh______ singing may jin us. Tm, wh ___ yur friend, shuld help yu.
4. with, alng with, tgether with, as well as, besides, like, withut, except, but, including 如果句子中有这些连接词和主语连用,谓语动词的数随主语的变化而变化。例如： The teacher, tgether with his students, _____ planting trees in the street. 老师和他的学生们正在街道上植树。
Mr. Black , as well as tw wmen, ______ at the ffice.
with, tgether with, alng with
either ... r; neither ... nr; nt nly ... but als, 在句子中连接主语的时候或者在there be句型中,谓语动词要和就近的主语保持一致。
Neither yu nr I ____ wrng. There _____ a cup f tea and sme apples n the table.
Nt nly the students but als the teacher ______ fr a hliday.
所谓概念一致原则是指谓语动词和主语一致不是取决于主语的语法形式, 而是其实际意义。有的主语名词在形式上是单数, 但在意义上却是复数；有的主语名词在形式上是复数, 但在意义上却是单数。
1. 不定代词all, mre, sme, any, nne作主语,谓语动词视情况而定。
All f the apples ____rtten. 所有的苹果都烂了。All f the apple ____rtten. 整个苹果都烂了。
Nne f the mney_____ left. 没有剩下一点钱。Nne f the students _____ there. 没有学生在那里。
Nne 和 neither 有时当作单数看待，有时当作复数看待，主要根据说话人的意思决定。做主语时，谓动可用单数，也可用复数。但在代表不可数名词时常看作单数，因而谓动须用单数。
2. the rest f; half f; part f; majrity f; percent f; ne third f在句子中加名词作主语的时候,谓语动词与f后面的名词保持一致。
Half f the students _____finished theircmpsitin. 一半的学生已经完成了他们的作文。Half f the apple ____bad. 一半的苹果坏了。Abut 60 percent f the students in urschl ____bys. 我们学校, 大约百分之六十的学生是男生.
3. 集合名词作主语, 动词可用单数, 也可以用复数。主要由句子的意思决定。强调整体谓语动词用单数；指全体人员时, 动词则用复数。这一类常见的集合名词有public, family, class, crwd, ppulatin, team, grup。
His family ____ging ut. 他们全家要外出。His family ____all music lvers. 他们全家人都是音乐爱好者。
4. 某些名词如peple, plice, cattle等,形式上是单数, 但意义上是复数, 谓语动词应用复数。peple指“民族”时是例外。 The plice ____ searching fr a thief. The cattle ____ eating grass n the hill.
5. 复合不定代词作主语, 谓语动词要用单数，如smene ,smebdy, smething, anybdy, anyne, anything, everybdy, everyne, everything, nbdy, n ne, nthing。 Smene_____ asking fr yu. 有人找你。 Nthing _____ fund in the rm. 在屋子里什么也没找到。
6. 某些名词如clthes, trusers, shes, glasses等, 通常只用其复数形式, 但当它们被a pair f 修饰时, 谓语动词用单数。如: The shes _____ wrn ut. 鞋子破了。 The pair f shes _____ wrn ut. 这双鞋破了。
名词如trusers, pants, shrts, glasses, scissrs以及clthes, gds等做主语，谓动要用复数；但当这类词前有a/the pair f修饰时，谓动用单数。
某些名词以s结尾如maths, plitics, physics, news, plastics 等，谓语动词应用单数。物理是一门很有趣的学科。
Physics is a very interesting subject.
8. every... and every ...; each ... and each ...; n ... and n ... 在以上短语中and连接的单数名词, 整个短语在句中作主语时, 谓语动词常使用单数。 Each man and each wman______ asked t attend.
班级中的每个男孩女孩都很用功。听不到任何声音。
Every by and every girl in the class is diligent.
N sund and n vice is heard.
9. 以a number f 作主语时, 谓语动词用复数; 以the number f 作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。 A number f new bks_____ n the desk. The number f students in yu class _____ 50.
10. 有些名词的单数和复数形式一样, 作主语的时候, 其谓语动词由上下文决定, 这一类名词有: means, wrks, deer, fish, sheep, Chinese, Japanese等。 Nt every means ____ useful. 不是每种方法都好使。 Nt all means ______ useful. 不是所有的方法都好使。
11. many a, mre than ne, ne and a half与单数名词组成的短语, 谓语用单数。 Many a by ____ seen it. 许多孩子都看到了。12. 书刊名、时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的复数名词作主语时, 谓语动词常用单数。 Thirty years ____ nt a lng time. Rts is a famus American nvel.
1. this kind f bk = a bk f this kind (这种书) , 其谓语用单数; 短语this kind f men = men f this kind = these kind f men (口语) (这一类人), 但this kind f men 的谓语用单数, men f this kind 和these kind f men 的谓语用复数, all kinds f 后跟复数名词, 谓语用复数形式。例如：
This kind f men ____ dangerus. Men f this kind _____dangerus.2. 在主谓倒装的句子中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。例如: Between the tw windws ______ a picture.
3. “分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语以及由“ a lt f, lts f, plenty f, a large quantity f, a heap f, heaps f, half f + 名词”构成的短语作主语时,其谓语动词要与短语中f 后面的名词的数保持一致,这是因为短语中后面的名词是中心词,而短语中前面的量词是修饰语。例如:
Lts f damage____ caused by fire.Abut three-furths f the earth’s surface ____ cvered with water.Three-fifths f the wrkers here ___wmen.和这种情况类似的还有“a number f + 名词复数”。但是,“the number f + 名词”的中心词却是number。试比较：
A number f students ______ gne t the cuntryside t help with the autumn harvest.The number f pages in this bk ______ tw hundred.
注意:a (large) quantity f 修饰可数或不可数名词, 其短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数。A large quantity f peple ___ needed here.
quantities f 修饰可数或不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词一般用复数。例如:Quantities f fd (nuts) _____ n the table.短语in quantity, in large quantities 意为 “大量”; in small quantities 意为“少量”。
4. a great deal f, a large amunt f, 修饰不可数名词, 其短语作主语时, 谓语动词通常用单数; large amunts f 修饰不可数名词, 其短语作主语时, 谓语动词通常用复数。例如:
A large amunt f (A great deal f) damage ____ dne in a very shrt time.Large amunts f mney ___ spent n the bridge.
5. 表示数量的ne and a half 后, 名词要用复数形式, 但是其短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。例如： One and a half bananas ___ left n the table.
6. 如果主语由“the + 形容词(或过去分词)”结构担任时,谓语通常用复数;这类词有: the brave, the pr, the rich, the blind, the yung, the ld, the sick, the dead, the deaf and dub, the ppressed, the injured, the wunded, the unemplyed 等; 但也有少数的过去分词与定冠词连用时指个别,则用单数。例如：
The blind ____ in special schl.The departed(死者)_____ a well-knwn engineer.这类形容词或分词如果要表示个体时,就要与名词man, persn 或表示人的单数连用。例如: an ld man, a rich persn, the (a) wunded sldier.
1. Nw Tm with his classmates _____ ftball n the playgrund. A. play B. are playing C. plays D. is playing2. Thirty dllars _____ t expensive. A. are B. is C. were D. be
3. "If anybdy _____, please put dwn _____ name," said the teacher t the mnitr. A. wants t buy the bk/his B. want t buy the bk/their C. will buy the bk/ne's D. wants t have the bk bught/her4. Nthing but ne desk and six chairs _____ in the rm.A. are B. is stayed C. is D. are left
5. Between the tw rads _____ a TV twer called "Skyscraper Twer". A. stands B. standing C. which stands D. stand6. -- Shall I wait here fr three hurs? --Yes. Three hurs _____ t wait fr such a dctr. A. are nt very lng fr yu B. is nt lng enugh fr yu C. was nt lng enugh fr yu D. will be t lng fr yu
Useful structures
语法详解： 所谓主谓一致是指主语和谓语动词之间,即主语的人称和单复数形式决定着谓语动词对应的形式。
The by ___ diving.
They ____ diving.
Bth Jack and Tim ___ diving.
All f them ____ diving.
Neither Jack nr Tim ___ walking.
Finish the fllwing exercises:
Bb _____ a wrker.
Mike and Bb _____ wrkers.
Bth Mike and Bb ____wrkers.
Neither Mike nr Bb ___a teacher.
Neither f them ___________ (knw) hw t teach English.
All f them ______ wrkers.
Nne f them ___________ (knw) hw t teach English.
主谓一致主要有以下几种情况：
1. and连接两个或两个以上单数名词或者代词作主语的时候,谓语动词有以下两种情况：(1) He and she _____bth students f this schl. 他和她都是这个学校的学生。如果指两个或两个以上不同的人或事物的时候,谓语动词用复数。
(2) 但如果连接两个以上的名词指的是同一个人或物, 或者指同一概念的时候, 谓语要用单数。
The singer and dancer____ ging t give us a perfrmance. 那个歌唱家兼舞蹈演员要给我们表演。 The knife and frk ____n the table. 刀叉在桌子上。
2. 如果主语是不定式, 动词ing形式或主语从句的时候,谓语动词一般用单数。 When he is cming ______ very imprtant. 他什么时候要来看起来很重要。 Cllecting stamps ____ his hbby. 收集邮票是他的爱好。 T lve her _____ nt t break her wings. 爱她就不该折断她自由飞翔的翅膀。
3. 定语从句的关系代词wh, which, that在从句中作主语时，要与先行词的人称和数保持一致。 Thse wh______ singing may jin us. Tm, wh ___ yur friend, shuld help yu.
4. with, alng with, tgether with, as well as, besides, like, withut, except, but, including 如果句子中有这些连接词和主语连用,谓语动词的数随主语的变化而变化。例如： The teacher, tgether with his students, _____ planting trees in the street. 老师和他的学生们正在街道上植树。
Mr. Black , as well as tw wmen, ______ at the ffice.
with, tgether with, alng with
either ... r; neither ... nr; nt nly ... but als, 在句子中连接主语的时候或者在there be句型中,谓语动词要和就近的主语保持一致。
Neither yu nr I ____ wrng. There _____ a cup f tea and sme apples n the table.
Nt nly the students but als the teacher ______ fr a hliday.
所谓概念一致原则是指谓语动词和主语一致不是取决于主语的语法形式, 而是其实际意义。有的主语名词在形式上是单数, 但在意义上却是复数；有的主语名词在形式上是复数, 但在意义上却是单数。
1. 不定代词all, mre, sme, any, nne作主语,谓语动词视情况而定。
All f the apples ____rtten. 所有的苹果都烂了。All f the apple ____rtten. 整个苹果都烂了。
Nne f the mney_____ left. 没有剩下一点钱。Nne f the students _____ there. 没有学生在那里。
Nne 和 neither 有时当作单数看待，有时当作复数看待，主要根据说话人的意思决定。做主语时，谓动可用单数，也可用复数。但在代表不可数名词时常看作单数，因而谓动须用单数。
2. the rest f; half f; part f; majrity f; percent f; ne third f在句子中加名词作主语的时候,谓语动词与f后面的名词保持一致。
Half f the students _____finished theircmpsitin. 一半的学生已经完成了他们的作文。Half f the apple ____bad. 一半的苹果坏了。Abut 60 percent f the students in urschl ____bys. 我们学校, 大约百分之六十的学生是男生.
3. 集合名词作主语, 动词可用单数, 也可以用复数。主要由句子的意思决定。强调整体谓语动词用单数；指全体人员时, 动词则用复数。这一类常见的集合名词有public, family, class, crwd, ppulatin, team, grup。
His family ____ging ut. 他们全家要外出。His family ____all music lvers. 他们全家人都是音乐爱好者。
4. 某些名词如peple, plice, cattle等,形式上是单数, 但意义上是复数, 谓语动词应用复数。peple指“民族”时是例外。 The plice ____ searching fr a thief. The cattle ____ eating grass n the hill.
5. 复合不定代词作主语, 谓语动词要用单数，如smene ,smebdy, smething, anybdy, anyne, anything, everybdy, everyne, everything, nbdy, n ne, nthing。 Smene_____ asking fr yu. 有人找你。 Nthing _____ fund in the rm. 在屋子里什么也没找到。
6. 某些名词如clthes, trusers, shes, glasses等, 通常只用其复数形式, 但当它们被a pair f 修饰时, 谓语动词用单数。如: The shes _____ wrn ut. 鞋子破了。 The pair f shes _____ wrn ut. 这双鞋破了。
名词如trusers, pants, shrts, glasses, scissrs以及clthes, gds等做主语，谓动要用复数；但当这类词前有a/the pair f修饰时，谓动用单数。
某些名词以s结尾如maths, plitics, physics, news, plastics 等，谓语动词应用单数。物理是一门很有趣的学科。
Physics is a very interesting subject.
8. every... and every ...; each ... and each ...; n ... and n ... 在以上短语中and连接的单数名词, 整个短语在句中作主语时, 谓语动词常使用单数。 Each man and each wman______ asked t attend.
班级中的每个男孩女孩都很用功。听不到任何声音。
Every by and every girl in the class is diligent.
N sund and n vice is heard.
9. 以a number f 作主语时, 谓语动词用复数; 以the number f 作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。 A number f new bks_____ n the desk. The number f students in yu class _____ 50.
10. 有些名词的单数和复数形式一样, 作主语的时候, 其谓语动词由上下文决定, 这一类名词有: means, wrks, deer, fish, sheep, Chinese, Japanese等。 Nt every means ____ useful. 不是每种方法都好使。 Nt all means ______ useful. 不是所有的方法都好使。
11. many a, mre than ne, ne and a half与单数名词组成的短语, 谓语用单数。 Many a by ____ seen it. 许多孩子都看到了。12. 书刊名、时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的复数名词作主语时, 谓语动词常用单数。 Thirty years ____ nt a lng time. Rts is a famus American nvel.
1. this kind f bk = a bk f this kind (这种书) , 其谓语用单数; 短语this kind f men = men f this kind = these kind f men (口语) (这一类人), 但this kind f men 的谓语用单数, men f this kind 和these kind f men 的谓语用复数, all kinds f 后跟复数名词, 谓语用复数形式。例如：
This kind f men ____ dangerus. Men f this kind _____dangerus.2. 在主谓倒装的句子中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。例如: Between the tw windws ______ a picture.
3. “分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语以及由“ a lt f, lts f, plenty f, a large quantity f, a heap f, heaps f, half f + 名词”构成的短语作主语时,其谓语动词要与短语中f 后面的名词的数保持一致,这是因为短语中后面的名词是中心词,而短语中前面的量词是修饰语。例如:
Lts f damage____ caused by fire.Abut three-furths f the earth’s surface ____ cvered with water.Three-fifths f the wrkers here ___wmen.和这种情况类似的还有“a number f + 名词复数”。但是,“the number f + 名词”的中心词却是number。试比较：
A number f students ______ gne t the cuntryside t help with the autumn harvest.The number f pages in this bk ______ tw hundred.
注意:a (large) quantity f 修饰可数或不可数名词, 其短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数。A large quantity f peple ___ needed here.
quantities f 修饰可数或不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词一般用复数。例如:Quantities f fd (nuts) _____ n the table.短语in quantity, in large quantities 意为 “大量”; in small quantities 意为“少量”。
4. a great deal f, a large amunt f, 修饰不可数名词, 其短语作主语时, 谓语动词通常用单数; large amunts f 修饰不可数名词, 其短语作主语时, 谓语动词通常用复数。例如:
A large amunt f (A great deal f) damage ____ dne in a very shrt time.Large amunts f mney ___ spent n the bridge.
5. 表示数量的ne and a half 后, 名词要用复数形式, 但是其短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。例如： One and a half bananas ___ left n the table.
6. 如果主语由“the + 形容词(或过去分词)”结构担任时,谓语通常用复数;这类词有: the brave, the pr, the rich, the blind, the yung, the ld, the sick, the dead, the deaf and dub, the ppressed, the injured, the wunded, the unemplyed 等; 但也有少数的过去分词与定冠词连用时指个别,则用单数。例如：
The blind ____ in special schl.The departed(死者)_____ a well-knwn engineer.这类形容词或分词如果要表示个体时,就要与名词man, persn 或表示人的单数连用。例如: an ld man, a rich persn, the (a) wunded sldier.
1. Nw Tm with his classmates _____ ftball n the playgrund. A. play B. are playing C. plays D. is playing2. Thirty dllars _____ t expensive. A. are B. is C. were D. be
3. "If anybdy _____, please put dwn _____ name," said the teacher t the mnitr. A. wants t buy the bk/his B. want t buy the bk/their C. will buy the bk/ne's D. wants t have the bk bught/her4. Nthing but ne desk and six chairs _____ in the rm.A. are B. is stayed C. is D. are left
5. Between the tw rads _____ a TV twer called "Skyscraper Twer". A. stands B. standing C. which stands D. stand6. -- Shall I wait here fr three hurs? --Yes. Three hurs _____ t wait fr such a dctr. A. are nt very lng fr yu B. is nt lng enugh fr yu C. was nt lng enugh fr yu D. will be t lng fr yu
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