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2022届广东省肇庆市高三上学期第一次统一检测（10月） 英语试题（解析版）
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这是一份2022届广东省肇庆市高三上学期第一次统一检测（10月） 英语试题（解析版），共18页。
2022届广东省肇庆市高三上学期第一次统一检测（10月） 英语试题
注意事项：
1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Florida Theme Parks and Amusement Parks
Fun Spot America (Two locations: Orlando and Kissimmee)
The two small amusement parks offer two great wooden roller coasters: White Lightning and Mine Blower. They also feature lots of spinning (快速旋转) rides, one of the world’s tallest Skycoasters, go-karts, and other attractions. For 2021, the Orlando Fun Spot America is debuting Sky Hawk, a 90-foot-tall swing ride.
Discovery Cove (Orlando)
SeaWorld Orlando’s sister attraction lets guests get up close and personal with dolphins and other animals for a unique theme park experience. Its somewhat expensive admission price includes all attractions, the swim-with-dolphins experience, meals, and a 14-day pass to either SeaWorld Orlando, Busch Gardens Tampa, or Aquatica water park.
Disney’s Hollywood Studios (Lake Buena Vista)
The smallest of the four Walt Disney World parks, with the Twilight Zone Tower of Terror and the Rock ‘n’ Roller Coaster, Disney’s Hollywood Studios is home to Disney World’s most thrill-packed rides. Two of its more recent additions, Toy Story Land and, especially, Star Wars: Galaxy’s Edge, have made Disney’s Hollywood Studios much more popular.
Legoland Florida (Winter Haven)
The delightful Lego-themed park is designed for the 12-and-under set. Among the best things to do at Legoland Florida are Lego Ninjago the Ride, Miniland USA, the funny Lego Movie 4D, and the lovely Cypress Gardens, which is an ode to the park that once stood on the site. For 2021, the park introduced a new 4D movie, Journey to Mythica.
1. What can visitors do in Discovery Cove?
A. Watch a 4D movie. B. Get close to dolphins.
C. Visit Toy Story Land. D. Experience a swing ride.
2. Where is the smallest Walt Disney World park?
A. In Kissimmee. B. In Orlando.
C. In Lake Buena Vista. D. In Winter Haven.
3. Which park is specially built for children?
A. Fun Spot America. B. Discovery Cove.
C. Disney’s Hollywood Studios. D. Legoland Florida.
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了美国佛罗里达州的主题公园和游乐园。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二节中“SeaWorld Orlando’s sister attraction lets guests get up close and personal with dolphins and other animals for a unique theme park experience.”（奥兰多海洋世界的姊妹景点让游客可以近距离接触海豚和其他动物，体验独特的主题公园体验）可知，在Discovery Cove游客能够近距离接触海豚。故选B项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三节标题Disney’s Hollywood Studios (Lake Buena Vista)和第三节第一句中“The smallest of the four Walt Disney World parks, with the Twilight Zone Tower of Terror and the Rock ‘n’ Roller Coaster, Disney’s Hollywood Studios is home to Disney World’s most thrill-packed rides.”（迪斯尼好莱坞电影制片厂是四个迪斯尼世界公园中最小的，有暮光之城恐怖之塔和摇滚过山车，是迪斯尼世界最刺激的游乐设施的所在地。）可知，Disney’s Hollywood Studios是四个迪士尼乐园中最小的一个，在布埃纳维斯塔湖（Lake Buena Vista）。故选C项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一节中“The delightful Lego-themed park is designed for the 12-and-under set.”（这个令人愉快的乐高主题公园是为12岁以下孩子设计的。），可知Legoland Florida是专门为孩子设计的。故选D项。
B
For us, one of the many cultural shocks we experienced was during our time in Bolivia. We spent five months traveling around South America but Bolivia surprised us most. Tourism and the approach to service in Bolivia are, to some extent, underdeveloped, which is not necessarily bad. However, you might get the feeling that the locals don’t like your presence. At times we didn’t feel welcome at all.
Bolivians will stare at you, give angry looks, and often won’t even say hi when you come to their stores and restaurants. After some conversations with locals, we were told that the negative attitude had nothing to do with us. Bolivians are just not used to foreigners and don’t really know how to handle tourists. But we can’t even blame them. After a long and hard time as a Spanish colony, people are still very suspicious of foreigners.
What we loved most and surprised us is how Bolivians keep their traditions alive, which is truly amazing. We often saw locals wearing their traditional clothes and marketing their self-made medicine. These and other efforts to preserve their customs deserve respect. You just can’t see that in many countries in the world.
I loved their clothes so much that I borrowed a traditional Bolivian dress to try to overcome the "tourist vs local barrier" and show the locals on the island that we truly love their culture and appreciate it. The experience was absolutely wonderful. We walked to the sunset point and locals were smiling and waving at us, cheering and we felt like we had a "connecting moment".
Even though we had this cultural shock and despite the negative feelings at the beginning of our travels in Bolivia, we have to say that we will never forget how special Bolivia was to us.
4. How might newcomers feel about Bolivians?
A. They are cold. B. They are gentle. C. They are clever. D. They are generous.
5. What shaped Bolivians’ attitude to foreigners?
A. Foreigners’ rude manners. B. The location of the country.
C. Local people’s lack of knowledge. D. The unpleasant history of the country.
6. What’s the author’s favorite about Bolivians?
A. They seldom blame foreigners. B. They are good at doing business.
C. They have many self-made items. D. They preserve their traditions well.
7. Which of the following best describes the author’s trip to Bolivia?
A. Restless. B. Eye-opening. C. Fruitless. D. Awkward.
【答案】4. A 5. D 6. D 7. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者在玻利维亚旅行期间感受到的文化差异。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“However, you might get the feeling that the locals don’t like your presence. At times we didn’t feel welcome at all.(然而，你可能会觉得当地人不喜欢你的存在。有时我们觉得根本不受欢迎)”可知，新来者会认为玻利维亚人很冷漠。故选A。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“After a long and hard time as a Spanish colony(殖民地), people are still very suspicious of foreigners.(在经历了漫长而艰难的西班牙殖民地时期后，人们仍然对外国人持怀疑态度)”可知，是这个国家不愉快的历史塑造了玻利维亚人对外国人的态度。故选D。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“What we loved most and surprised us is how Bolivians keep their traditions alive, which is truly amazing. We often saw locals wearing their traditional clothes and marketing their self-made medicine. These and other efforts to preserve their customs deserve respect. You just can’t see that in many countries in the world.( 我们最喜欢也最惊讶的是玻利维亚人如何保持他们的传统，这真的很令人惊讶。我们经常看到当地人穿着他们的传统服装，推销他们自制的药物。这些以及其他保护他们习俗的努力值得尊重。你在世界上的许多国家都看不到这一点)”可知，作者最喜欢玻利维亚很好地保存他们的传统。故选D。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Even though we had this cultural shock and despite the negative feelings at the beginning of our travels in Bolivia, we have to say that we will never forget how special Bolivia was to us.(尽管我们有这种文化冲击，尽管我们在玻利维亚旅行之初的负面感受，我们必须说，我们永远不会忘记玻利维亚对我们是多么特别)”结合第三，四段中作者描述的对玻利维亚文化的喜爱，可推知，作者此行大开眼界，收获颇丰。故选B。
C
After years of intense public pushback, the Ringling Bros, and Barnum & Bailey Circus finally announced the retirement of their Asian elephant performers in 2016. While the decision was a victory for animal lovers and activists, it raised a new issue. The elephants were raised in a small closed area and lacked the skills to survive in the wild. Now, thanks to Florida-based White Oak Conservation, the animals have a new home-one where they can wander freely.
Located about 30 miles north of Jacksonville, Florida, the 17, 000-acre(英亩) facility is home to between 350 and 400 animals including 35 endangered species. The conservation center welcomed the first group of retired circus elephants in May 2021. The 12 female elephants range from 8 to 38 years old. To make the move easier, they were socialized together for several months before they came to the center. The animals will be joined by the remaining 20 as soon as the additional areas to house them are completed.
The elephants’ new home is modeled after the elephant’s natural habitat in the wild. The diverse environments include forests, grassland and wetlands, all connected for easy passage by foot. The elephants can wander in the woods, relax in the mud, or swim in one of the eleven specially-built water holes. The elephants can also spend their days relaxing inside the specially-built barns(畜棚)close to their human caregivers.
"We are excited to give these elephants a place to wander and explore," said the conservation center’s owner Kimbra Walter. "We are working to protect wild animals in their native habitat. But for these elephants that can’t be released, we are pleased to give them a place where they can live comfortably for the rest of their lives."
8. What problem do the retired elephants face?
A. They are still locked. B. They lack natural habitat.
C. They are unable to live in the wild. D. They are in danger of being caught.
9. What can we learn about the White Oak Conservation from Paragraph 2?
A. It is transformed from a circus.
B. It houses over 300 elephants.
C. The retired elephants are its first residents.
D. Some part of it is still under construction.
10. What’s the third paragraph mainly about?
A. The reserve’s efforts to protect the animals.
B. The elephants’ new life in the natural habitat.
C. The environment of the elephants’ new home.
D. The daily activities of the animals in the reserve.
11. What does Kimbra Walter think of their effort to protect the animals?
A. It’s unique. B. It’s suitable.
C. It’s helpless. D. It’s temporary.
【答案】8. C 9. D 10. C 11. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了马戏团结束了利用大象进行表演，同时这些大象得到了适当的保护。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“The elephants were raised in a small closed area and lacked the skills to survive in the wild.” （这些大象被养在一个狭小的封闭区域，缺乏在野外生存的技能。）可知这些大象不能够在野外生存，故选C项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句中“The animals will be joined by the remaining 20 as soon as the additional areas to house them are completed.” （一旦额外的栖息地建成，剩下的20只动物也将加入进来。）可知，白橡树保护区的一部分仍在建设中。故选D项。
【10题详解】
主旨大意题。根据本段第一句“The elephants’ new home is modeled after the elephant’s natural habitat in the wild.”（大象的新家是仿照大象在野外的自然栖息地建造的。）本段主要介绍了保护区的建设情况和提供给动物们的生存环境，因此C为最佳选项。故选C项。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一句“But for these elephants that can’t be released, we are pleased to give them a place where they can live comfortably for the rest of their lives.” （但对于这些不能被放生的大象，我们很高兴能给它们一个舒适地度过余生的地方。）可知，Kimbra Walter认为他们保护动物的行为是合适的。故选B项。
D
A completely stress-free life seems like a much better alternative. But it isn’t necessarily a good thing, research is now showing. A small amount of stress may actually help kids build mental toughness. David Lyons is a behavioral neuroscientist at Stanford University in California. His team reported causal evidence for this connection in a November 2019 paper Scientific Reports.
The team studied young monkeys. These monkeys experienced varying degrees of stress. "No-stress" monkeys enjoyed a typical life in the lab. They were housed in a cage with their mother and siblings. There was plenty of water and food. They also got toys. The second group faced a mild stressor. They spent an hour a day away from their siblings on 10 straight days. The stress level went up for the third group. These monkeys had daily separation from siblings and no access to mothers during that hour. Two more groups experienced daily separation from both their mothers and siblings.
A fortnight later, all the monkeys were moved with their mothers to some unfamiliar cages. The researchers examined the monkeys’ willingness to leave their mothers and explore the new surroundings. The team also analyzed levels of the stress cortisol in the animals’ blood. That blood had been collected before, during and after their time in the new cage.
Generally, monkeys faced with one or two stressors(groups 2 and 3) depend less on their mothers than those in groups 4 and 5. They were also more willing to explore the new environment. On the whole, they behaved less anxiously than both the no-stress and high-stress groups. The monkeys’ cortisol patterns also reflected this trend. Animals that were exposed to mild stress lowered their cortisol level faster than the other monkeys.
Growing up healthy means "learning how to deal with mild challenges and changes," Lyons concludes.
12. What stress did the second group of monkeys face?
A. Being offered few toys. B. Lacking access to mothers.
C. Being housed in a cage for 10 days. D. Living without their siblings temporarily.
13. What may show the monkeys’ level of stress?
A. The cortisol types in their blood. B. Their tendency to try new things.
C. The length of time they spend in a new cage. D. Their willingness to live with unfamiliar monkeys.
14. What can we learn about the monkeys in groups 2 and 3?
A. They experienced the high level of cortisol.
B. They felt quite uneasy without their mothers.
C. They showed little interest in the surroundings.
D. They expressed the least anxiety among the monkeys.
15. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A. Mild Stress Helps Build up Toughness B. Stress and Anxiety Go Hand in Hand
C. Report Reveals the Stress of Animals D. Monkeys Learn How to Tackle Stress
【答案】12. D 13. B 14. D 15. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了斯坦福大学的行为神经学家David Lyons及其团队通过对猴子进行的实验得出结论，适度的压力能让孩子们的意志更加坚韧。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“The second group faced a mild stressor. They spent an hour a day away from their siblings on 10 straight days.(第二组面对的是轻微的压力源。他们连续10天每天都有一个小时的时间与兄弟姐妹分开)”可知，第二组猴子面临暂时没有兄弟姐妹的压力。故选D。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Generally, monkeys faced with one or two stressors(groups 2 and 3) depend less on their mothers than those in groups 4 and 5. They were also more willing to explore the new environment. (一般来说，面对一两个压力源的猴子（第2组和第3组）比第4组和第5组对母亲的依赖更少。 他们也更愿意探索新环境)”可推知，猴子尝试新事物的倾向可以显示猴子的压力水平。故选B。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Generally, monkeys faced with one or two stressors(groups 2 and 3) depend less on their mothers than those in groups 4 and 5. They were also more willing to explore the new environment. On the whole, they behaved less anxiously than both the no-stress and high-stress groups. (一般来说，面对一两个压力源的猴子（第2组和第3组）比第4组和第5组对母亲的依赖更少。他们也更愿意探索新环境。总的来说，他们比无压力组和高压力组表现出更少的焦虑)”可知，第二组和第三组的猴子表达出的焦虑最少。故选D。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段中“A completely stress-free life seems like a much better alternative. But it isn’t necessarily a good thing, research is now showing. A small amount of stress may actually help kids build mental toughness.(完全没有压力的生活似乎是一个更好的选择。但现在的研究表明，这未必是件好事。少量的压力实际上可以帮助孩子们建立坚强的精神)”结合本文主要介绍了斯坦福大学的行为神经学家David Lyons及其团队通过对猴子进行的实验得出结论，适度的压力能让孩子们的意志更加坚韧，故A选项“适度的压力有助于增强韧性”为最佳标题。故选A。
第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
If you would like to work in the medical field, there are many types of companies, organizations, and medical employers from which to choose.____16____Whether you want to work for a large organization or a small private medical office practice, there is an employer that would fit your needs. Read on to learn more about a variety of interesting practice environments and medical employers.
Hospitals are one of the first places people may think of when deciding to work in the health care field, but there are many different types of hospitals available.____17____Just like companies in any other industry, each hospital has a different culture and environment. Therefore, consider the different features of the hospitals before making your decision.
____18____There are people who are unable to take care of themselves due to age, serious illness or trauma. Patients in nursing homes are often unable to handle basic care such as bathing, feeding, and dressing. Therefore, nursing homes employ a lot of nursing assistants to help with the many labor-intensive tasks.
Besides, a variety of medical job opportunities are available in educational field, such as colleges, university medical centers, or teaching hospitals.____19____
Non-profit organizations are groups that have been formed to promote a cause. There are hundreds of non-profit organizations that advocate health-related causes or activities. ____20____ So it is necessary to do some research to find one that’s suitable for you.
A. Not all hospitals are the same.
B. Nursing homes provide a home for patients and the elderly.
C. Medical offices are often owned and operated by physicians.
D. Each offers challenges and bonuses depending upon the setting.
E. Additionally, primary, middle and high schools hire nurses and doctors.
F. Government organizations may be a great choice for you in your medical career.
G. Many of these organizations may he familiar to you, and others may he lesser-known.
【答案】16. D 17. A 18. B 19. E 20. G
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了医疗领域的就业机构。
【16题详解】
上文“If you would like to work in the medical field, there are many types of companies, organizations, and medical employers from which to choose. (如果你想在医疗领域工作，有许多类型的公司、组织和医疗雇主可供选择。)”说明有许多医疗领域就业机构，选项D“每一项所提供的工作都会根据设置提供挑战和奖金。”对这些工作的进行补充介绍，通顺合理。故选D项。
【17题详解】
上文“Hospitals are one of the first places people may think of when deciding to work in the health care field, but there are many different types of hospitals available. (医院是人们在决定从事卫生保健领域工作时首先想到的地方之一，但有许多不同类型的医院可供选择。)”说明医院的类型不尽相同，选项A“并不是所有的医院都是一样的。”承接上文，说明医院并不都一样，引出下文“Just like companies in any other industry, each hospital has a different culture and environment. (和其他行业的公司一样，每家医院都有不同的文化和环境。)”对这种不同做出进一步的解释。选项中Not…the same和上下文中different语义一致。故选A项。
【18题详解】
下文“There are people who are unable to take care of themselves due to age, serious illness or trauma. Patients in nursing homes are often unable to handle basic care such as bathing, feeding, and dressing. Therefore, nursing homes employ a lot of nursing assistants to help with the many labor-intensive tasks. (有些人由于年龄、重病或创伤而无法照顾自己。疗养院的患者通常无法处理诸如洗澡、进食和穿衣等基本护理。所以，疗养院雇佣了大量的护理助理来帮助完成许多劳动密集型任务。)”说明本段主题为：疗养院为照顾老人和病人需要护理人员，选项B“疗养院为病人和老人提供一个家。”概括本段主题。选项中Nursing homes和下文中nursing homes词汇重叠，语义一致。故选B项。
【19题详解】
上文“Besides, a variety of medical job opportunities are available in educational field, such as colleges, university medical centers, or teaching hospitals. (此外，在教育领域也有各种各样的医疗工作机会，如学院、大学医疗中心或教学医院。)” 介绍的是高等教学机构对医护工作者的需求，选项E“此外，小学、初中和高中还雇用护士和医生。”则补充介绍教育领域的中小学的情况，通顺合理。故选E项。
【20题详解】
上文“Non-profit organizations are groups that have been formed to promote a cause. There are hundreds of non-profit organizations that advocate health-related causes or activities. (非营利组织是为了促进一项事业而成立的团体。有成百上千的非营利组织提倡与健康相关的事业或活动)”说明非盈利组织所提倡的相关事业或活动非常多，选项G“这些组织中有许多你可能很熟悉，还有一些你可能不太了解。”承接上文，进一步介绍这些组织，推测读者对这些组织的了解情况。选项中these organizations指上文中non-profit organizations，通顺合理。故选G项。
第二部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I moved to a new neighborhood in the fifth grade. It was a(n)____21____situation for me. To make it worse, I had to____22____school halfway through the school year. It’s hard to____23____in.
One day, when I was playing in the alley(小巷)outside our house, a boy rode by on an orange bike. He looked____24____, and he nodded to me. The alley was narrow, so I stepped out of his____25____. But neither of us spoke to each other and I didn’t____26____I would see him again.
A few days later, I____27____him again on his orange bike. This time he stopped. I____28____that he was a grade below me. It meant a lot that he had____29____to say hello to me. No one from the new school had really made a(n)_____30_____to befriend me, and I was so shy that I didn’t know how to_____31_____. My new friend took the trouble to_____32_____me. He started asking me to go on bike rides around the neighborhood._____33_____, I started meeting other kids in the neighborhood.
The following year, when I went to middle school, I made it a point to look for the_____34_____kids in my class. I stayed friends with the boy on the orange bike for years. He taught me to believe in myself and my ability to make friends. It was just a matter of_____35_____.
21. A. satisfactory B. ideal C. tough D. risky
22. A. finish B. change C. attend D. quit
23. A. fit B. give C. cut D. check
24. A. patient B. annoyed C. anxious D. friendly
25. A. house B. way C. vision D. mind
26. A. expect B. admit C. remember D. realize
27. A. visited B. urged C. met D. caught
28. A. decided B. learned C. insisted D. assumed
29. A. refused B. desired C. promised D. stopped
30. A. appointment B. commitment C. effort D. investment
31. A. reach out B. drop out C. set off D. pay off
32. A. challenge B. attract C. include D. comfort
33. A. Hopefully B. Eventually C. Fortunately D. Actually
34. A. odd B. shy C. helpful D. bright
35. A. time B. principle C. preference D. communication
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. A 24. D 25. B 26. A 27. C 28. B 29. D 30. C 31. A 32. C 33. B 34. B 35. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文﹐主要讲述了作者在刚刚搬家和转学的不适状态时，遇到了一个年纪相仿的男孩，这位友善的男孩帮助作者尽快适应环境。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这对我来说是一个艰难的处境。A. satisfactory令人满意的；B. ideal理想的；C. tough艰难的；D. risky冒险的。根据答题空后面的“To make it worse”可知，作者处境艰难。故选C项。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：更糟糕的是，我不得不在学年中途转学。A. finish完成；B. change改变；C. attend参加；D. quit放弃。作者搬去了新社区，所以不得不改变学校。故选B项。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：很难去适应。A. fit适合；B. give给；C. cut切；D. check检查。根据第一段语境可知，作者刚搬新家，又不得不转学，因此很难适应。故选A项。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他看上去很友好，还向我点点头。A. patient耐心的；B. annoyed烦恼的；C. anxious焦虑的；D. friendly友好的。根据后面说的“he nodded to me”男孩向作者点头可知，男孩很友好。故选D项。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：小巷很窄，所以我给他让开了。A. house房子；B. way道路；C. vision视力；D. mind想法。根据上文“The alley was narrow”可知路很窄，因此此处是为男孩让路。故选B项。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我们都没说话，我也没想到还能再见到他。A. expect期望；B. admit承认；C. remember记得；D. realize意识到。因为是一面之缘，所以作者没期待能与男孩再见面。故选A项。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：几天后，我又遇到了他骑着他的橙色自行车。A. visited参观；B. urged要求；C. met遇见；D. caught抓住。根据下文“This time he stopped.”可知，两人又见面了。故选C项。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我得知他比我低一级。A. decided决定；B. learned学习，了解；C. insisted坚持；D. assumed假设。根据前后语境可知，男孩停了下来并跟作者打招呼，他们有交流，因此是在交流中了解到。故选B项。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他停下来和我打招呼，这对我很有意义。A. refused拒绝；B. desired渴望；C. promised承诺；D. stopped停止。根据“say hello to me”，可知男孩停了下来并跟作者打招呼。故选D项。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：新学校里没有一个人真正努力和我交朋友，我太害羞了，不知道如何去接触。 A. appointment约会；B. commitment承诺；C. effort努力；D. investment投资。根据下文“He started asking me to go on bike rides around the neighborhood.”可知，这个男孩为了让作者融入新环境做了一些努力，而其他人没有。故选C项。
【31题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：新学校里没有一个人真正努力和我交朋友，我太害羞了，不知道如何去接触。A. reach out接触；B. drop out退学；C. set off出发；D. pay off付清，回报。根据“I was so shy”可知，作者因为性格十分害羞，不知道怎么去主动接触他人。故选A项。
32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的新朋友不厌其烦地让我融入新环境。A. challenge挑战；B. attract吸引；C. include包括；D. comfort安慰。根据上文“He started asking me to go on bike rides around the neighborhood”可知，男孩不嫌麻烦使作者融入进去。故选C项。
【33题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：最终，我开始和邻里其他孩子交往。A. Hopefully有希望地；B. Eventually最终地；C. Fortunately幸运地；D. Actually事实上。在新朋友的帮助下，作者终于开始与邻里的其他孩子们交往。故选B项。
【34题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：第二年，当我上中学的时候，我特别注意寻找班上害羞的孩子。A. odd古怪的；B. shy害羞的；C. helpful有帮助的；D. bright明亮的。鉴于个人经历，作者在上中学之后，也会主动去帮助跟作者一样害羞的孩子。故选B项。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：只是一个交流的问题。A. time时间；B. principle准则；C. preference偏爱；D. communication交流。上文小男孩主动和作者交流，并做他朋友的让作者意识到去融入新环境，结交新朋友，只是一个交流的问题。故选D项。
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The music from an upcoming musical by musician Li Dun and composer San Bao, Flying Apsaras (飞天), was performed____36____the first time in Shanghai on September 5.The concert included 14 songs____37____were created by writer Guan Shan and composer San Bao for the musical.
____38____(inspire) by the cultural treasures of the Dunhuang murals (壁画), the musical tells a story about a guardian who watches over the murals and a scholar who travels over a long____39____(distant) to Dunhuang.
A religious (宗教的) and cultural crossroads on the Silk Road, Dunhuang has____40____number of caves that house a vast collection of murals describing religious stories and life scenes. Li Dun said he____41____(move) to tears during his first visit to the caves in Dunhuang by these____42____(extreme)fine paintings. He hoped to tell a story about the____43____(astonish)beauty of Dunhuang to the world in the form of a musical.
According to Li Dun, the title Flying Apsaras came from the flying apsaras in the Dunhuang murals. These female spirits dance in the sky,____44____(give) people a dreamlike impression. Painted from the Jin Dynasty (265-420) to the end of the Yuan Dynasty (1279-1368), the ancient treasures____45____(be) also a symbol of Chinese culture.
【答案】36. for
37. that/ which
38. Inspired
39. distance
40. a 41. was moved
42. extremely
43. astonishing
44. giving 45. are
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一台上演的音乐会，该音乐剧的灵感源自于敦煌壁画《飞天》。
【36题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：由音乐家李盾与作曲家三宝即将推出的音乐剧《飞天》的主题音乐会于9月5日在上海首演。固定短语for the first time(首次)在句中作状语。故填for。
【37题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：音乐会收录了由作家关山、作曲家三宝为音乐剧创作的14首歌曲。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导限定性定语从句，指代先行词songs并在从句中作主语，应该使用关系代词that或者which。故填that或which。
【38题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这部音乐剧以敦煌壁画文化宝库为灵感，讲述了一个看管壁画的守护者和一位学者远赴敦煌的故事。分析句子结构可知，inspire在句子中不是谓语动词，musical和inspire之间为被动关系，因此使用过去分词inspired作状语。故填Inspired。
【39题详解】
考查名词。句意：这部音乐剧以敦煌壁画文化宝库为灵感，讲述了一个看管壁画的守护者和一位学者远赴敦煌的故事。由不定冠词a 可知，此处应该使用distant的单数名词作over的宾语。故填distance。
【40题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：敦煌是丝绸之路上的宗教和文化的十字路口，拥有许多洞穴，里面收藏了大量描绘宗教故事和生活场景的壁画。固定短语a number of(大量的)。故填a。
【41题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：李盾说他第一次参观敦煌石窟时被这些精美绝伦的壁画感动得热泪盈眶。Li Dun承受move的动作，即他被感动地流下了眼泪，且此事发生在过去，因此move使用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was moved。
【42题详解】
考查副词。句意：李盾说他第一次参观敦煌石窟时被这些精美绝伦的壁画感动得热泪盈眶。使用extreme的副词作状语，修饰形容词fine。故填extremely。
【43题详解】
考查形容词。句意：他希望以音乐剧的形式，向世界讲述一个关于敦煌惊人之美的故事。此处应该使用astonish的形容词作定语修饰beauty，astonishing和astonished都是astonish的形容词，astonishing意为“令人惊讶的”，常修饰物，astonished常形容人的感情，意为“惊讶的”，该句中表示“令人惊讶的美”。故填astonishing。
【44题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这些女子在空中翩翩起舞，给人一种梦幻般的印象。分析句子结构可知，give在句子中不是谓语动词，these female spirits dance in the sky与give在逻辑上为主动关系，因此使用该词的现在分词作句子的状语。故填giving。
【45题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：从晋代（265-420）到元末（1279-1368），古代宝物也是中华文化的象征。主语为treasures，且该句在介绍其当下的文化价值，为一般性的事实，因此应用一般现在时。故填are。
第三部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 你校英文报正在开展征文活动，主题是“观看英文电影对英语学习的帮助”。请你写一篇英语短文投稿，内容包括：
1.喜爱的电影类型；
2.心得和收获；
3.个人建议。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
English Movies and English Study
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version：
English Movies and English Study
Watching English movies is always helpful in my English study, especially my spoken English.
Among all types of movies, action movies are my favorite. Not only can they excite me with good stories, but they always impress me with the powerful lines. I often listen carefully to the actors, trying to imitate their way of speaking. By doing this, my spoken English has been greatly improved. And I feel it a learning method that’s both amusing and effective.
I suggest everyone who wants to improve spoken English find some good movies and watch them repeatedly. You will surely benefit a lot from it.
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一篇英语短文讲述观看英文电影对英语学习的帮助以及个人建议。
【详解】1.词汇积累
有帮助的：helpful→beneficial/useful
模仿：imitate → copy/follow
改善，提高：improve→polish up/ enhance
各种各样：all types of→all kinds of
2.句式拓展
合并简单句
原句：I often listen carefully to the actors trying to imitate their way of speaking. By doing this, my spoken English has been greatly improved.
拓展句：I often listen carefully to the actors, trying to imitate their way of speaking, by which my spoken English has been greatly improved.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Not only can they excite me with good stories, but they always impress me with the powerful lines.（运用了部分倒装句）
【高分句型2】I suggest everyone who wants to improve spoken English find some good movies and watch them repeatedly（运用了who引导的定语从句以及虚拟语气）
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
One day, I went out of my house and found a medium-sized dog sitting in my yard. The dog stood up and wagged(摇)his tail when he spotted me. I checked him for a collar or an ID tag. He had neither. "Where did you come from?" I asked. I lived in a small, rural town. I knew all the dogs in the neighborhood, but I’d never seen this fellow before.
Half-heartedly, I told him to sit. To my surprise, he sat as I said. "Stay," I said, as I made my way into the garage(车库)where we kept the dry dog food for our dog. I really didn’t expect the dog to stay. But when I returned, he was sitting in the exact spot where I had left him. "Wow! You sure are trained," I told him. I set out a bowl of food, and the dog started eating. I left him in the yard and went inside to read through the newspaper’s "Lost and Found" column. Unfortunately, nobody had reported a missing brown-and-white dog.
Later that afternoon, when my brother and I went out of the house the dog jumped to his feet and started wagging his tail. My brother threw a stick across the yard, and the dog raced after it. "Why don’t you play with him while I go to the store?" I suggested.
After I got back from the store, my brother called me out into the yard. "Watch this," he said. "The dog knows tricks." Sure enough, the dog would fetch, sit, stay, roll over, and lie down following the orders. He also loved jumping to catch a tennis ball in midair. I was impressed-and a little suspicious. This was no ordinary dog. Someone had trained him pretty well. So, I had to wonder: why weren’t his owners looking for him?
We gave him a comfortable place to sleep in the garage. The next day, I called the newspaper and ran a "Found" ad describing our new friend.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Several days later, we got a call from a woman.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
When the woman’s pickup truck pulled into the driveway, the dog raced to greet her.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version：
Several days later, we got a call from a woman. She said the dog sounded like hers and gave us a perfect description of his markings. I asked if the dog knew any tricks. She told me the dog loved to catch tennis balls. I gave her directions to our house, and she said she’d be there within the hour to get the dog. My brother and I played with the dog for a while. Neither of us wanted to admit that we had secretly hoped we’d be able to keep him.
When the woman’s pick up truck pulled into the driveway, the dog raced to greet her. The woman explained that her family had gone on vacation for a few days, and the dog, Peanut, had gotten out when a neighbor came over to feed him. I said we had never seen a dog who knew so many tricks. The woman laughed and said that she was extremely relieved to get Peanut back because her children were heartbroken without him. Finally reunited with his owner, Peanut jumped into the truck and wagged his tail at us as he headed for home.
【解析】
【分析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者在路上发现了一只流浪狗，在和狗狗接触后发现这只狗是经过特殊训练过的，作者疑惑为什么它的主人不来找它，并在报纸上刊登了失物招领。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“几天后，我们接到了一个女人的来电。”可知，第一段可描写作者在报纸上刊登失物招领后，收到了自称是狗狗主人的来电。
②由第二段首句内容“当这位女士的小货车驶进车道时，这只狗跑过来迎接她。”可知，第二段可描写狗狗主人来接狗狗的场景。
2.续写线索：接到电话——确认对方信息——接狗狗——道别
3.词汇激活
行为类
①希望：hope/wish
②笑： laugh/smile
③团聚：reunite/get together
情绪类
①伤心的：heartbroken/sad
②放心的：relieved/assured
【点睛】
[高分句型1]. Neither of us wanted to admit that we had secretly hoped we’d be able to keep him.
（由连接词that引导的宾语从句作admit的宾语）
[高分句型2]. I said we had never seen a dog who knew so many tricks.（由关系代词who引导限制性定语从句）
2022届广东省肇庆市高三上学期第一次统一检测（10月） 英语试题
注意事项：
1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Florida Theme Parks and Amusement Parks
Fun Spot America (Two locations: Orlando and Kissimmee)
The two small amusement parks offer two great wooden roller coasters: White Lightning and Mine Blower. They also feature lots of spinning (快速旋转) rides, one of the world’s tallest Skycoasters, go-karts, and other attractions. For 2021, the Orlando Fun Spot America is debuting Sky Hawk, a 90-foot-tall swing ride.
Discovery Cove (Orlando)
SeaWorld Orlando’s sister attraction lets guests get up close and personal with dolphins and other animals for a unique theme park experience. Its somewhat expensive admission price includes all attractions, the swim-with-dolphins experience, meals, and a 14-day pass to either SeaWorld Orlando, Busch Gardens Tampa, or Aquatica water park.
Disney’s Hollywood Studios (Lake Buena Vista)
The smallest of the four Walt Disney World parks, with the Twilight Zone Tower of Terror and the Rock ‘n’ Roller Coaster, Disney’s Hollywood Studios is home to Disney World’s most thrill-packed rides. Two of its more recent additions, Toy Story Land and, especially, Star Wars: Galaxy’s Edge, have made Disney’s Hollywood Studios much more popular.
Legoland Florida (Winter Haven)
The delightful Lego-themed park is designed for the 12-and-under set. Among the best things to do at Legoland Florida are Lego Ninjago the Ride, Miniland USA, the funny Lego Movie 4D, and the lovely Cypress Gardens, which is an ode to the park that once stood on the site. For 2021, the park introduced a new 4D movie, Journey to Mythica.
1. What can visitors do in Discovery Cove?
A. Watch a 4D movie. B. Get close to dolphins.
C. Visit Toy Story Land. D. Experience a swing ride.
2. Where is the smallest Walt Disney World park?
A. In Kissimmee. B. In Orlando.
C. In Lake Buena Vista. D. In Winter Haven.
3. Which park is specially built for children?
A. Fun Spot America. B. Discovery Cove.
C. Disney’s Hollywood Studios. D. Legoland Florida.
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了美国佛罗里达州的主题公园和游乐园。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二节中“SeaWorld Orlando’s sister attraction lets guests get up close and personal with dolphins and other animals for a unique theme park experience.”（奥兰多海洋世界的姊妹景点让游客可以近距离接触海豚和其他动物，体验独特的主题公园体验）可知，在Discovery Cove游客能够近距离接触海豚。故选B项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三节标题Disney’s Hollywood Studios (Lake Buena Vista)和第三节第一句中“The smallest of the four Walt Disney World parks, with the Twilight Zone Tower of Terror and the Rock ‘n’ Roller Coaster, Disney’s Hollywood Studios is home to Disney World’s most thrill-packed rides.”（迪斯尼好莱坞电影制片厂是四个迪斯尼世界公园中最小的，有暮光之城恐怖之塔和摇滚过山车，是迪斯尼世界最刺激的游乐设施的所在地。）可知，Disney’s Hollywood Studios是四个迪士尼乐园中最小的一个，在布埃纳维斯塔湖（Lake Buena Vista）。故选C项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一节中“The delightful Lego-themed park is designed for the 12-and-under set.”（这个令人愉快的乐高主题公园是为12岁以下孩子设计的。），可知Legoland Florida是专门为孩子设计的。故选D项。
B
For us, one of the many cultural shocks we experienced was during our time in Bolivia. We spent five months traveling around South America but Bolivia surprised us most. Tourism and the approach to service in Bolivia are, to some extent, underdeveloped, which is not necessarily bad. However, you might get the feeling that the locals don’t like your presence. At times we didn’t feel welcome at all.
Bolivians will stare at you, give angry looks, and often won’t even say hi when you come to their stores and restaurants. After some conversations with locals, we were told that the negative attitude had nothing to do with us. Bolivians are just not used to foreigners and don’t really know how to handle tourists. But we can’t even blame them. After a long and hard time as a Spanish colony, people are still very suspicious of foreigners.
What we loved most and surprised us is how Bolivians keep their traditions alive, which is truly amazing. We often saw locals wearing their traditional clothes and marketing their self-made medicine. These and other efforts to preserve their customs deserve respect. You just can’t see that in many countries in the world.
I loved their clothes so much that I borrowed a traditional Bolivian dress to try to overcome the "tourist vs local barrier" and show the locals on the island that we truly love their culture and appreciate it. The experience was absolutely wonderful. We walked to the sunset point and locals were smiling and waving at us, cheering and we felt like we had a "connecting moment".
Even though we had this cultural shock and despite the negative feelings at the beginning of our travels in Bolivia, we have to say that we will never forget how special Bolivia was to us.
4. How might newcomers feel about Bolivians?
A. They are cold. B. They are gentle. C. They are clever. D. They are generous.
5. What shaped Bolivians’ attitude to foreigners?
A. Foreigners’ rude manners. B. The location of the country.
C. Local people’s lack of knowledge. D. The unpleasant history of the country.
6. What’s the author’s favorite about Bolivians?
A. They seldom blame foreigners. B. They are good at doing business.
C. They have many self-made items. D. They preserve their traditions well.
7. Which of the following best describes the author’s trip to Bolivia?
A. Restless. B. Eye-opening. C. Fruitless. D. Awkward.
【答案】4. A 5. D 6. D 7. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者在玻利维亚旅行期间感受到的文化差异。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“However, you might get the feeling that the locals don’t like your presence. At times we didn’t feel welcome at all.(然而，你可能会觉得当地人不喜欢你的存在。有时我们觉得根本不受欢迎)”可知，新来者会认为玻利维亚人很冷漠。故选A。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“After a long and hard time as a Spanish colony(殖民地), people are still very suspicious of foreigners.(在经历了漫长而艰难的西班牙殖民地时期后，人们仍然对外国人持怀疑态度)”可知，是这个国家不愉快的历史塑造了玻利维亚人对外国人的态度。故选D。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“What we loved most and surprised us is how Bolivians keep their traditions alive, which is truly amazing. We often saw locals wearing their traditional clothes and marketing their self-made medicine. These and other efforts to preserve their customs deserve respect. You just can’t see that in many countries in the world.( 我们最喜欢也最惊讶的是玻利维亚人如何保持他们的传统，这真的很令人惊讶。我们经常看到当地人穿着他们的传统服装，推销他们自制的药物。这些以及其他保护他们习俗的努力值得尊重。你在世界上的许多国家都看不到这一点)”可知，作者最喜欢玻利维亚很好地保存他们的传统。故选D。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Even though we had this cultural shock and despite the negative feelings at the beginning of our travels in Bolivia, we have to say that we will never forget how special Bolivia was to us.(尽管我们有这种文化冲击，尽管我们在玻利维亚旅行之初的负面感受，我们必须说，我们永远不会忘记玻利维亚对我们是多么特别)”结合第三，四段中作者描述的对玻利维亚文化的喜爱，可推知，作者此行大开眼界，收获颇丰。故选B。
C
After years of intense public pushback, the Ringling Bros, and Barnum & Bailey Circus finally announced the retirement of their Asian elephant performers in 2016. While the decision was a victory for animal lovers and activists, it raised a new issue. The elephants were raised in a small closed area and lacked the skills to survive in the wild. Now, thanks to Florida-based White Oak Conservation, the animals have a new home-one where they can wander freely.
Located about 30 miles north of Jacksonville, Florida, the 17, 000-acre(英亩) facility is home to between 350 and 400 animals including 35 endangered species. The conservation center welcomed the first group of retired circus elephants in May 2021. The 12 female elephants range from 8 to 38 years old. To make the move easier, they were socialized together for several months before they came to the center. The animals will be joined by the remaining 20 as soon as the additional areas to house them are completed.
The elephants’ new home is modeled after the elephant’s natural habitat in the wild. The diverse environments include forests, grassland and wetlands, all connected for easy passage by foot. The elephants can wander in the woods, relax in the mud, or swim in one of the eleven specially-built water holes. The elephants can also spend their days relaxing inside the specially-built barns(畜棚)close to their human caregivers.
"We are excited to give these elephants a place to wander and explore," said the conservation center’s owner Kimbra Walter. "We are working to protect wild animals in their native habitat. But for these elephants that can’t be released, we are pleased to give them a place where they can live comfortably for the rest of their lives."
8. What problem do the retired elephants face?
A. They are still locked. B. They lack natural habitat.
C. They are unable to live in the wild. D. They are in danger of being caught.
9. What can we learn about the White Oak Conservation from Paragraph 2?
A. It is transformed from a circus.
B. It houses over 300 elephants.
C. The retired elephants are its first residents.
D. Some part of it is still under construction.
10. What’s the third paragraph mainly about?
A. The reserve’s efforts to protect the animals.
B. The elephants’ new life in the natural habitat.
C. The environment of the elephants’ new home.
D. The daily activities of the animals in the reserve.
11. What does Kimbra Walter think of their effort to protect the animals?
A. It’s unique. B. It’s suitable.
C. It’s helpless. D. It’s temporary.
【答案】8. C 9. D 10. C 11. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了马戏团结束了利用大象进行表演，同时这些大象得到了适当的保护。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“The elephants were raised in a small closed area and lacked the skills to survive in the wild.” （这些大象被养在一个狭小的封闭区域，缺乏在野外生存的技能。）可知这些大象不能够在野外生存，故选C项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句中“The animals will be joined by the remaining 20 as soon as the additional areas to house them are completed.” （一旦额外的栖息地建成，剩下的20只动物也将加入进来。）可知，白橡树保护区的一部分仍在建设中。故选D项。
【10题详解】
主旨大意题。根据本段第一句“The elephants’ new home is modeled after the elephant’s natural habitat in the wild.”（大象的新家是仿照大象在野外的自然栖息地建造的。）本段主要介绍了保护区的建设情况和提供给动物们的生存环境，因此C为最佳选项。故选C项。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一句“But for these elephants that can’t be released, we are pleased to give them a place where they can live comfortably for the rest of their lives.” （但对于这些不能被放生的大象，我们很高兴能给它们一个舒适地度过余生的地方。）可知，Kimbra Walter认为他们保护动物的行为是合适的。故选B项。
D
A completely stress-free life seems like a much better alternative. But it isn’t necessarily a good thing, research is now showing. A small amount of stress may actually help kids build mental toughness. David Lyons is a behavioral neuroscientist at Stanford University in California. His team reported causal evidence for this connection in a November 2019 paper Scientific Reports.
The team studied young monkeys. These monkeys experienced varying degrees of stress. "No-stress" monkeys enjoyed a typical life in the lab. They were housed in a cage with their mother and siblings. There was plenty of water and food. They also got toys. The second group faced a mild stressor. They spent an hour a day away from their siblings on 10 straight days. The stress level went up for the third group. These monkeys had daily separation from siblings and no access to mothers during that hour. Two more groups experienced daily separation from both their mothers and siblings.
A fortnight later, all the monkeys were moved with their mothers to some unfamiliar cages. The researchers examined the monkeys’ willingness to leave their mothers and explore the new surroundings. The team also analyzed levels of the stress cortisol in the animals’ blood. That blood had been collected before, during and after their time in the new cage.
Generally, monkeys faced with one or two stressors(groups 2 and 3) depend less on their mothers than those in groups 4 and 5. They were also more willing to explore the new environment. On the whole, they behaved less anxiously than both the no-stress and high-stress groups. The monkeys’ cortisol patterns also reflected this trend. Animals that were exposed to mild stress lowered their cortisol level faster than the other monkeys.
Growing up healthy means "learning how to deal with mild challenges and changes," Lyons concludes.
12. What stress did the second group of monkeys face?
A. Being offered few toys. B. Lacking access to mothers.
C. Being housed in a cage for 10 days. D. Living without their siblings temporarily.
13. What may show the monkeys’ level of stress?
A. The cortisol types in their blood. B. Their tendency to try new things.
C. The length of time they spend in a new cage. D. Their willingness to live with unfamiliar monkeys.
14. What can we learn about the monkeys in groups 2 and 3?
A. They experienced the high level of cortisol.
B. They felt quite uneasy without their mothers.
C. They showed little interest in the surroundings.
D. They expressed the least anxiety among the monkeys.
15. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A. Mild Stress Helps Build up Toughness B. Stress and Anxiety Go Hand in Hand
C. Report Reveals the Stress of Animals D. Monkeys Learn How to Tackle Stress
【答案】12. D 13. B 14. D 15. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了斯坦福大学的行为神经学家David Lyons及其团队通过对猴子进行的实验得出结论，适度的压力能让孩子们的意志更加坚韧。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“The second group faced a mild stressor. They spent an hour a day away from their siblings on 10 straight days.(第二组面对的是轻微的压力源。他们连续10天每天都有一个小时的时间与兄弟姐妹分开)”可知，第二组猴子面临暂时没有兄弟姐妹的压力。故选D。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Generally, monkeys faced with one or two stressors(groups 2 and 3) depend less on their mothers than those in groups 4 and 5. They were also more willing to explore the new environment. (一般来说，面对一两个压力源的猴子（第2组和第3组）比第4组和第5组对母亲的依赖更少。 他们也更愿意探索新环境)”可推知，猴子尝试新事物的倾向可以显示猴子的压力水平。故选B。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Generally, monkeys faced with one or two stressors(groups 2 and 3) depend less on their mothers than those in groups 4 and 5. They were also more willing to explore the new environment. On the whole, they behaved less anxiously than both the no-stress and high-stress groups. (一般来说，面对一两个压力源的猴子（第2组和第3组）比第4组和第5组对母亲的依赖更少。他们也更愿意探索新环境。总的来说，他们比无压力组和高压力组表现出更少的焦虑)”可知，第二组和第三组的猴子表达出的焦虑最少。故选D。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段中“A completely stress-free life seems like a much better alternative. But it isn’t necessarily a good thing, research is now showing. A small amount of stress may actually help kids build mental toughness.(完全没有压力的生活似乎是一个更好的选择。但现在的研究表明，这未必是件好事。少量的压力实际上可以帮助孩子们建立坚强的精神)”结合本文主要介绍了斯坦福大学的行为神经学家David Lyons及其团队通过对猴子进行的实验得出结论，适度的压力能让孩子们的意志更加坚韧，故A选项“适度的压力有助于增强韧性”为最佳标题。故选A。
第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
If you would like to work in the medical field, there are many types of companies, organizations, and medical employers from which to choose.____16____Whether you want to work for a large organization or a small private medical office practice, there is an employer that would fit your needs. Read on to learn more about a variety of interesting practice environments and medical employers.
Hospitals are one of the first places people may think of when deciding to work in the health care field, but there are many different types of hospitals available.____17____Just like companies in any other industry, each hospital has a different culture and environment. Therefore, consider the different features of the hospitals before making your decision.
____18____There are people who are unable to take care of themselves due to age, serious illness or trauma. Patients in nursing homes are often unable to handle basic care such as bathing, feeding, and dressing. Therefore, nursing homes employ a lot of nursing assistants to help with the many labor-intensive tasks.
Besides, a variety of medical job opportunities are available in educational field, such as colleges, university medical centers, or teaching hospitals.____19____
Non-profit organizations are groups that have been formed to promote a cause. There are hundreds of non-profit organizations that advocate health-related causes or activities. ____20____ So it is necessary to do some research to find one that’s suitable for you.
A. Not all hospitals are the same.
B. Nursing homes provide a home for patients and the elderly.
C. Medical offices are often owned and operated by physicians.
D. Each offers challenges and bonuses depending upon the setting.
E. Additionally, primary, middle and high schools hire nurses and doctors.
F. Government organizations may be a great choice for you in your medical career.
G. Many of these organizations may he familiar to you, and others may he lesser-known.
【答案】16. D 17. A 18. B 19. E 20. G
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了医疗领域的就业机构。
【16题详解】
上文“If you would like to work in the medical field, there are many types of companies, organizations, and medical employers from which to choose. (如果你想在医疗领域工作，有许多类型的公司、组织和医疗雇主可供选择。)”说明有许多医疗领域就业机构，选项D“每一项所提供的工作都会根据设置提供挑战和奖金。”对这些工作的进行补充介绍，通顺合理。故选D项。
【17题详解】
上文“Hospitals are one of the first places people may think of when deciding to work in the health care field, but there are many different types of hospitals available. (医院是人们在决定从事卫生保健领域工作时首先想到的地方之一，但有许多不同类型的医院可供选择。)”说明医院的类型不尽相同，选项A“并不是所有的医院都是一样的。”承接上文，说明医院并不都一样，引出下文“Just like companies in any other industry, each hospital has a different culture and environment. (和其他行业的公司一样，每家医院都有不同的文化和环境。)”对这种不同做出进一步的解释。选项中Not…the same和上下文中different语义一致。故选A项。
【18题详解】
下文“There are people who are unable to take care of themselves due to age, serious illness or trauma. Patients in nursing homes are often unable to handle basic care such as bathing, feeding, and dressing. Therefore, nursing homes employ a lot of nursing assistants to help with the many labor-intensive tasks. (有些人由于年龄、重病或创伤而无法照顾自己。疗养院的患者通常无法处理诸如洗澡、进食和穿衣等基本护理。所以，疗养院雇佣了大量的护理助理来帮助完成许多劳动密集型任务。)”说明本段主题为：疗养院为照顾老人和病人需要护理人员，选项B“疗养院为病人和老人提供一个家。”概括本段主题。选项中Nursing homes和下文中nursing homes词汇重叠，语义一致。故选B项。
【19题详解】
上文“Besides, a variety of medical job opportunities are available in educational field, such as colleges, university medical centers, or teaching hospitals. (此外，在教育领域也有各种各样的医疗工作机会，如学院、大学医疗中心或教学医院。)” 介绍的是高等教学机构对医护工作者的需求，选项E“此外，小学、初中和高中还雇用护士和医生。”则补充介绍教育领域的中小学的情况，通顺合理。故选E项。
【20题详解】
上文“Non-profit organizations are groups that have been formed to promote a cause. There are hundreds of non-profit organizations that advocate health-related causes or activities. (非营利组织是为了促进一项事业而成立的团体。有成百上千的非营利组织提倡与健康相关的事业或活动)”说明非盈利组织所提倡的相关事业或活动非常多，选项G“这些组织中有许多你可能很熟悉，还有一些你可能不太了解。”承接上文，进一步介绍这些组织，推测读者对这些组织的了解情况。选项中these organizations指上文中non-profit organizations，通顺合理。故选G项。
第二部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I moved to a new neighborhood in the fifth grade. It was a(n)____21____situation for me. To make it worse, I had to____22____school halfway through the school year. It’s hard to____23____in.
One day, when I was playing in the alley(小巷)outside our house, a boy rode by on an orange bike. He looked____24____, and he nodded to me. The alley was narrow, so I stepped out of his____25____. But neither of us spoke to each other and I didn’t____26____I would see him again.
A few days later, I____27____him again on his orange bike. This time he stopped. I____28____that he was a grade below me. It meant a lot that he had____29____to say hello to me. No one from the new school had really made a(n)_____30_____to befriend me, and I was so shy that I didn’t know how to_____31_____. My new friend took the trouble to_____32_____me. He started asking me to go on bike rides around the neighborhood._____33_____, I started meeting other kids in the neighborhood.
The following year, when I went to middle school, I made it a point to look for the_____34_____kids in my class. I stayed friends with the boy on the orange bike for years. He taught me to believe in myself and my ability to make friends. It was just a matter of_____35_____.
21. A. satisfactory B. ideal C. tough D. risky
22. A. finish B. change C. attend D. quit
23. A. fit B. give C. cut D. check
24. A. patient B. annoyed C. anxious D. friendly
25. A. house B. way C. vision D. mind
26. A. expect B. admit C. remember D. realize
27. A. visited B. urged C. met D. caught
28. A. decided B. learned C. insisted D. assumed
29. A. refused B. desired C. promised D. stopped
30. A. appointment B. commitment C. effort D. investment
31. A. reach out B. drop out C. set off D. pay off
32. A. challenge B. attract C. include D. comfort
33. A. Hopefully B. Eventually C. Fortunately D. Actually
34. A. odd B. shy C. helpful D. bright
35. A. time B. principle C. preference D. communication
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. A 24. D 25. B 26. A 27. C 28. B 29. D 30. C 31. A 32. C 33. B 34. B 35. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文﹐主要讲述了作者在刚刚搬家和转学的不适状态时，遇到了一个年纪相仿的男孩，这位友善的男孩帮助作者尽快适应环境。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这对我来说是一个艰难的处境。A. satisfactory令人满意的；B. ideal理想的；C. tough艰难的；D. risky冒险的。根据答题空后面的“To make it worse”可知，作者处境艰难。故选C项。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：更糟糕的是，我不得不在学年中途转学。A. finish完成；B. change改变；C. attend参加；D. quit放弃。作者搬去了新社区，所以不得不改变学校。故选B项。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：很难去适应。A. fit适合；B. give给；C. cut切；D. check检查。根据第一段语境可知，作者刚搬新家，又不得不转学，因此很难适应。故选A项。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他看上去很友好，还向我点点头。A. patient耐心的；B. annoyed烦恼的；C. anxious焦虑的；D. friendly友好的。根据后面说的“he nodded to me”男孩向作者点头可知，男孩很友好。故选D项。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：小巷很窄，所以我给他让开了。A. house房子；B. way道路；C. vision视力；D. mind想法。根据上文“The alley was narrow”可知路很窄，因此此处是为男孩让路。故选B项。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我们都没说话，我也没想到还能再见到他。A. expect期望；B. admit承认；C. remember记得；D. realize意识到。因为是一面之缘，所以作者没期待能与男孩再见面。故选A项。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：几天后，我又遇到了他骑着他的橙色自行车。A. visited参观；B. urged要求；C. met遇见；D. caught抓住。根据下文“This time he stopped.”可知，两人又见面了。故选C项。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我得知他比我低一级。A. decided决定；B. learned学习，了解；C. insisted坚持；D. assumed假设。根据前后语境可知，男孩停了下来并跟作者打招呼，他们有交流，因此是在交流中了解到。故选B项。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他停下来和我打招呼，这对我很有意义。A. refused拒绝；B. desired渴望；C. promised承诺；D. stopped停止。根据“say hello to me”，可知男孩停了下来并跟作者打招呼。故选D项。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：新学校里没有一个人真正努力和我交朋友，我太害羞了，不知道如何去接触。 A. appointment约会；B. commitment承诺；C. effort努力；D. investment投资。根据下文“He started asking me to go on bike rides around the neighborhood.”可知，这个男孩为了让作者融入新环境做了一些努力，而其他人没有。故选C项。
【31题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：新学校里没有一个人真正努力和我交朋友，我太害羞了，不知道如何去接触。A. reach out接触；B. drop out退学；C. set off出发；D. pay off付清，回报。根据“I was so shy”可知，作者因为性格十分害羞，不知道怎么去主动接触他人。故选A项。
32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的新朋友不厌其烦地让我融入新环境。A. challenge挑战；B. attract吸引；C. include包括；D. comfort安慰。根据上文“He started asking me to go on bike rides around the neighborhood”可知，男孩不嫌麻烦使作者融入进去。故选C项。
【33题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：最终，我开始和邻里其他孩子交往。A. Hopefully有希望地；B. Eventually最终地；C. Fortunately幸运地；D. Actually事实上。在新朋友的帮助下，作者终于开始与邻里的其他孩子们交往。故选B项。
【34题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：第二年，当我上中学的时候，我特别注意寻找班上害羞的孩子。A. odd古怪的；B. shy害羞的；C. helpful有帮助的；D. bright明亮的。鉴于个人经历，作者在上中学之后，也会主动去帮助跟作者一样害羞的孩子。故选B项。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：只是一个交流的问题。A. time时间；B. principle准则；C. preference偏爱；D. communication交流。上文小男孩主动和作者交流，并做他朋友的让作者意识到去融入新环境，结交新朋友，只是一个交流的问题。故选D项。
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The music from an upcoming musical by musician Li Dun and composer San Bao, Flying Apsaras (飞天), was performed____36____the first time in Shanghai on September 5.The concert included 14 songs____37____were created by writer Guan Shan and composer San Bao for the musical.
____38____(inspire) by the cultural treasures of the Dunhuang murals (壁画), the musical tells a story about a guardian who watches over the murals and a scholar who travels over a long____39____(distant) to Dunhuang.
A religious (宗教的) and cultural crossroads on the Silk Road, Dunhuang has____40____number of caves that house a vast collection of murals describing religious stories and life scenes. Li Dun said he____41____(move) to tears during his first visit to the caves in Dunhuang by these____42____(extreme)fine paintings. He hoped to tell a story about the____43____(astonish)beauty of Dunhuang to the world in the form of a musical.
According to Li Dun, the title Flying Apsaras came from the flying apsaras in the Dunhuang murals. These female spirits dance in the sky,____44____(give) people a dreamlike impression. Painted from the Jin Dynasty (265-420) to the end of the Yuan Dynasty (1279-1368), the ancient treasures____45____(be) also a symbol of Chinese culture.
【答案】36. for
37. that/ which
38. Inspired
39. distance
40. a 41. was moved
42. extremely
43. astonishing
44. giving 45. are
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一台上演的音乐会，该音乐剧的灵感源自于敦煌壁画《飞天》。
【36题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：由音乐家李盾与作曲家三宝即将推出的音乐剧《飞天》的主题音乐会于9月5日在上海首演。固定短语for the first time(首次)在句中作状语。故填for。
【37题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：音乐会收录了由作家关山、作曲家三宝为音乐剧创作的14首歌曲。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导限定性定语从句，指代先行词songs并在从句中作主语，应该使用关系代词that或者which。故填that或which。
【38题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这部音乐剧以敦煌壁画文化宝库为灵感，讲述了一个看管壁画的守护者和一位学者远赴敦煌的故事。分析句子结构可知，inspire在句子中不是谓语动词，musical和inspire之间为被动关系，因此使用过去分词inspired作状语。故填Inspired。
【39题详解】
考查名词。句意：这部音乐剧以敦煌壁画文化宝库为灵感，讲述了一个看管壁画的守护者和一位学者远赴敦煌的故事。由不定冠词a 可知，此处应该使用distant的单数名词作over的宾语。故填distance。
【40题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：敦煌是丝绸之路上的宗教和文化的十字路口，拥有许多洞穴，里面收藏了大量描绘宗教故事和生活场景的壁画。固定短语a number of(大量的)。故填a。
【41题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：李盾说他第一次参观敦煌石窟时被这些精美绝伦的壁画感动得热泪盈眶。Li Dun承受move的动作，即他被感动地流下了眼泪，且此事发生在过去，因此move使用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was moved。
【42题详解】
考查副词。句意：李盾说他第一次参观敦煌石窟时被这些精美绝伦的壁画感动得热泪盈眶。使用extreme的副词作状语，修饰形容词fine。故填extremely。
【43题详解】
考查形容词。句意：他希望以音乐剧的形式，向世界讲述一个关于敦煌惊人之美的故事。此处应该使用astonish的形容词作定语修饰beauty，astonishing和astonished都是astonish的形容词，astonishing意为“令人惊讶的”，常修饰物，astonished常形容人的感情，意为“惊讶的”，该句中表示“令人惊讶的美”。故填astonishing。
【44题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这些女子在空中翩翩起舞，给人一种梦幻般的印象。分析句子结构可知，give在句子中不是谓语动词，these female spirits dance in the sky与give在逻辑上为主动关系，因此使用该词的现在分词作句子的状语。故填giving。
【45题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：从晋代（265-420）到元末（1279-1368），古代宝物也是中华文化的象征。主语为treasures，且该句在介绍其当下的文化价值，为一般性的事实，因此应用一般现在时。故填are。
第三部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 你校英文报正在开展征文活动，主题是“观看英文电影对英语学习的帮助”。请你写一篇英语短文投稿，内容包括：
1.喜爱的电影类型；
2.心得和收获；
3.个人建议。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
English Movies and English Study
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version：
English Movies and English Study
Watching English movies is always helpful in my English study, especially my spoken English.
Among all types of movies, action movies are my favorite. Not only can they excite me with good stories, but they always impress me with the powerful lines. I often listen carefully to the actors, trying to imitate their way of speaking. By doing this, my spoken English has been greatly improved. And I feel it a learning method that’s both amusing and effective.
I suggest everyone who wants to improve spoken English find some good movies and watch them repeatedly. You will surely benefit a lot from it.
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一篇英语短文讲述观看英文电影对英语学习的帮助以及个人建议。
【详解】1.词汇积累
有帮助的：helpful→beneficial/useful
模仿：imitate → copy/follow
改善，提高：improve→polish up/ enhance
各种各样：all types of→all kinds of
2.句式拓展
合并简单句
原句：I often listen carefully to the actors trying to imitate their way of speaking. By doing this, my spoken English has been greatly improved.
拓展句：I often listen carefully to the actors, trying to imitate their way of speaking, by which my spoken English has been greatly improved.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Not only can they excite me with good stories, but they always impress me with the powerful lines.（运用了部分倒装句）
【高分句型2】I suggest everyone who wants to improve spoken English find some good movies and watch them repeatedly（运用了who引导的定语从句以及虚拟语气）
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
One day, I went out of my house and found a medium-sized dog sitting in my yard. The dog stood up and wagged(摇)his tail when he spotted me. I checked him for a collar or an ID tag. He had neither. "Where did you come from?" I asked. I lived in a small, rural town. I knew all the dogs in the neighborhood, but I’d never seen this fellow before.
Half-heartedly, I told him to sit. To my surprise, he sat as I said. "Stay," I said, as I made my way into the garage(车库)where we kept the dry dog food for our dog. I really didn’t expect the dog to stay. But when I returned, he was sitting in the exact spot where I had left him. "Wow! You sure are trained," I told him. I set out a bowl of food, and the dog started eating. I left him in the yard and went inside to read through the newspaper’s "Lost and Found" column. Unfortunately, nobody had reported a missing brown-and-white dog.
Later that afternoon, when my brother and I went out of the house the dog jumped to his feet and started wagging his tail. My brother threw a stick across the yard, and the dog raced after it. "Why don’t you play with him while I go to the store?" I suggested.
After I got back from the store, my brother called me out into the yard. "Watch this," he said. "The dog knows tricks." Sure enough, the dog would fetch, sit, stay, roll over, and lie down following the orders. He also loved jumping to catch a tennis ball in midair. I was impressed-and a little suspicious. This was no ordinary dog. Someone had trained him pretty well. So, I had to wonder: why weren’t his owners looking for him?
We gave him a comfortable place to sleep in the garage. The next day, I called the newspaper and ran a "Found" ad describing our new friend.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Several days later, we got a call from a woman.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
When the woman’s pickup truck pulled into the driveway, the dog raced to greet her.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version：
Several days later, we got a call from a woman. She said the dog sounded like hers and gave us a perfect description of his markings. I asked if the dog knew any tricks. She told me the dog loved to catch tennis balls. I gave her directions to our house, and she said she’d be there within the hour to get the dog. My brother and I played with the dog for a while. Neither of us wanted to admit that we had secretly hoped we’d be able to keep him.
When the woman’s pick up truck pulled into the driveway, the dog raced to greet her. The woman explained that her family had gone on vacation for a few days, and the dog, Peanut, had gotten out when a neighbor came over to feed him. I said we had never seen a dog who knew so many tricks. The woman laughed and said that she was extremely relieved to get Peanut back because her children were heartbroken without him. Finally reunited with his owner, Peanut jumped into the truck and wagged his tail at us as he headed for home.
【解析】
【分析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者在路上发现了一只流浪狗，在和狗狗接触后发现这只狗是经过特殊训练过的，作者疑惑为什么它的主人不来找它，并在报纸上刊登了失物招领。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“几天后，我们接到了一个女人的来电。”可知，第一段可描写作者在报纸上刊登失物招领后，收到了自称是狗狗主人的来电。
②由第二段首句内容“当这位女士的小货车驶进车道时，这只狗跑过来迎接她。”可知，第二段可描写狗狗主人来接狗狗的场景。
2.续写线索：接到电话——确认对方信息——接狗狗——道别
3.词汇激活
行为类
①希望：hope/wish
②笑： laugh/smile
③团聚：reunite/get together
情绪类
①伤心的：heartbroken/sad
②放心的：relieved/assured
【点睛】
[高分句型1]. Neither of us wanted to admit that we had secretly hoped we’d be able to keep him.
（由连接词that引导的宾语从句作admit的宾语）
[高分句型2]. I said we had never seen a dog who knew so many tricks.（由关系代词who引导限制性定语从句）
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