英语Unit 2 The United Kingdom教案

Unit 2 The United Kingdom

目标认知

重点词汇

divide, clarify, accomplish, conflict, convenience, attract, influence, arrange, delight, 小词简析

重点短语

consist of, refer to，credit/ to one’s credit，break away (from), leave out, take the place of, break down

重点句型

find + n./ pro. +宾语补足语

知识讲解

重点词汇

divide

【原句回放】 England can be divided into three main areas. 英国被分为三个主要地区。

【点拨】divide 分开，分配

常用搭配：divide ... into... 把......分成......[来源:Z*xx*k.Com]

A line of trees divides the garden in half. 一行树把花园分隔成两半。

Divide this line into 20 equal parts.把这条线分成20个相等的部分。

Let’s divide ourselves into several groups. 我们分成几个小组吧。

【拓展】divide与separate

1) divide指把一个整体分成几部分，通常按比例划分。

2）separate 指把原来结合在一起或混杂的东西分开，东西原来没有统一性，有时含有“强行分开”之意。

Divide the money among the six of you. 这笔钱你们六个人分。

We’d better separate the good ones from the bad ones. 我们最好把好的和坏的分开。

She doesn’t want to be separated from him. 她不想和他分开。

clarify

【原句回放】You can clarify this problem if you study British history. 如果你学习英国的历史，你就能阐明这个问题。

【点拨】clarify vt. & vi. 澄清，阐明；使（液体）澄清
      Could you clarify your remarks? 你能澄清一下你的话吗？
      An example will help to clarify what I mean. 举个例子来阐明我的意思。

His mind suddenly clarified. 他的脑子突然清醒过来。

【拓展】clarification n. 澄清，解释

        记忆提示：clarify可以看成是clear + -ify（使得，变成）变化而来，注意去掉了clear中的字母e。所以clarify的英语释义是：to make something clearer or easier to understand。

accomplish

【原句回放】Happily this was accomplished without conflict when King James of Scotland became King of England and Wales as well. 值得高兴的是，当苏格兰的詹姆士国王统治英格兰和威尔士时，在没有冲突的情况下就顺利实现了。

【点拨】accomplish vt. 完成，实现，达到

The first part of the plan has been safely accomplished.

计划的第一部分已毫无风险地完成了。

He can accomplish more in a day than any other worker in his team.

他一天能完成的工作比他队上其他的工人都多。

The explorers accomplished the difficult voyage to the Antarctic in four weeks.

这些探险队员在四周内完成了到南极的艰难航程。

conflict

【原句回放】Happily this was accomplished without conflict when King James of Scotland became King of England and Wales as well. 值得高兴的是，当苏格兰的詹姆士国王统治英格兰和威尔士时，在没有冲突的情况下就顺利实现了。

【点拨】conflict vi. & n. 冲突，矛盾

常用短语

in conflict with （与......）有矛盾、不一致

come into conflict 发生冲突

I had rung a few friends, and been given a great deal of conflicting advice.

我给几个朋友打了电话，得到了许多互相矛盾的建议。

We cannot ignore the conflict between two cultures. 我们无法忽视两种文化的冲突。

She found herself in conflict with her husband over their son’s education.

她发现在儿子的教育方面与丈夫有分歧。

John often comes into conflict with his boss. 约翰经常与老板有冲突。

[来源:学+科+网]

convenience

【原句回放】England is the largest of the four countries and for convenience it is divided roughly into three zones. 英格兰是这四个国家中最大的。为了方便起见，它大致可以划分为三个地区。

【点拨】convenience n. 方便，便利，合适

When and where will it suit your convenience for our next meeting?
      我们下次何时何处见面你更方便呢？

The folding bed is a great convenience. 折叠床是很方便的东西。

常用短语：

for convenience 为了方便起见

at one’s convenience  在某人方便的时候

We use a credit card for convenience. 为了方便起见，我们用信用卡。

Please come at your convenience. 你方便时就来。

【拓展】convenient adj.便利的, 方便的

注意：convenient 作表语时，其主语不能是人，只能用表示事物的词语或it作形式主语。 其句型为：it is convenient for sb. to do sth. 某人方便做某事。

When would it be convenient for you to go? 什么时候你去方便呢？

Will three o’clock be convenient for you? 三点钟对你方便吗？

We must arrange a convenient time and place for the meeting.

我们必须安排一个便利的时间和地点开会。

attract

【原句回放】It is a pity that the industrial cities built in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors. 遗憾的是，建于十九世纪的工业城市不能吸引游客。

【点拨】attract vt. 吸引； 引起（注意、兴趣等）

常用搭配：

attract sb. to sth. 某物吸引某人，吸引某人到......

What attracted me most to the job was the chance to travel.

这份工作最吸引我的地方是有旅行的机会。

This proposal has attracted a lot of attention. 这份建议引起很多关注。

【拓展】1）attraction n. 吸引；吸引力；具有吸引力的人或事物

Buckingham Palace is a major tourist attraction. 白金汉宫是个重要的旅游景点。

Such a style has no attraction for her. 这种风格对她没有吸引力。

2）attractive adj. 有吸引力的，引人注目的

influence

【原句回放】The third, the Vikings, influenced the vocabulary and place-names of the North of England... 第三是斯堪的纳维亚人，他们对词汇以及英格兰北部的地名造成了一定的影响......

【点拨】influence vt.影响，作用于

              n. 影响力；感化力

常用短语：

  influence sb. to do sth影响某人做某事

  influence on/ upon... 对......有影响

  under the influence of 受......的影响

   Research has shown that the weather can influence people’s behavior.

  研究显示天气会影响人的行为。[来源:学+科+网]

  My teacher influenced my decision to study science.

我的老师影响了我学理科的决定。

Those friends are a bad influence on her. 这些朋友对她有不良影响。

He committed the crime under the influence of drugs. 他受毒品的影响犯了罪。

【拓展】区别：affect/ effect/ influence

1）influence用作动词或名词，主要指通过间接、不易察觉的方式对人的行动、思想、性格等产生潜移默化的影响。

2）affect 只作动词，指“产生的影响之大足以引起变化”,着重“影响”的动作。

3）effect 多用作名词，着重指影响的“结果、效力、作用”。 

Influenced by a high-school biology teacher, he took up the study of medicine.

在中学的一个生物老师的影响下，他从事了药物研究。

This article will affect my thinking. 这篇文章将会影响我的思想。

Punishment had very little effect on him. 惩罚对他没有什么效果。 

arrange

【原句回放】They had no time to arrange their own wedding. 他们没有时间安排自己的婚礼。

【点拨】arrange vt. 安排；整理，排列

常用搭配：

    arrange sth. 安排某事，排列某物

          arrange to do sth. 安排做某事

          arrange for sb. to do sth. 安排某人做某事

     We’re flying out on the 18th — it’s all arranged.

我们18日乘飞机出发，都安排好了。

Have you arranged to meet Monica this Friday?

你安排本周五与莫妮卡见面了吗？

     I’ve arranged for the cleaner to come on Thursday. 我已经安排了清洁工周四来。

【拓展】arrangement n. 安排，解决办法。

注意：如果指所做安排的具体事项，常用复数。

We made arrangements for an interview with the director.

我们已经做出安排与那位主管会面。

delight

【原句回放】Her first delight was going to the Tower. 她最想参观的地方是伦敦塔。

【点拨】1）delight n. 乐趣；高兴；乐事

常用短语：

       with delight 高兴地

       to one’s delight 令某人高兴的是

       take / find delight in 以......为乐

      They would slide down the icy slopes, shouting with delight.

      他们会高兴地大叫着滑下结冰的斜坡。

      To my great delight, my son passed the entrance exam.

      使我高兴的是，我儿子通过了入学考试。

      She takes delight in teasing her younger sister. 她以逗她的小妹妹为乐。

2）delight vt. 使高兴

be/ feel delighted at/ by/ with 因......而感到高兴

What he did at school delighted his parents. 他在学校的表现使他父母很高兴。

He was very much delighted with the result. 他对结果十分满意。

I’d be delighted to tell you more about the news.

       我很高兴告诉你这个消息的更多内容。

【拓展】delightful adj. 宜人的，令人快乐的

小词简析

1. rough adj. 粗糙的，粗暴的；崎岖不平的；狂暴的，汹涌的（风雨、海水等）；粗略的

The monkey’s skin has a rough feel.

猴子的皮肤有一种粗糙感。

You’d better give us a rough idea of your price.

您最好给我们一个粗略的价格。

2. description n. 描写；描述

  其动词为describe，注意变成名词时去e，改b为p，加了-tion。

  He gave a description of what he had seen. 他描述了他所见到的一切。

3. furnished adj. 配备好装备好的，带家具的

  furnish是及物动词，意为“装备, 布置；布置家具，配备家具”，而furnished是动词的过去分词变成形容词的。[来源:学+科+网]

  She rents a furnished flat. 她租了一套备有家具的单元房。

  The house is well furnished. 这房屋室内布置得很好。

4. possibility n. 可能（性）

  是possible的名词。

  Is it a possibility that you will work abroad? 你有可能去国外工作吗？

  There is no possibility of his coming. 他不可能来。 

5. plus prep. 加上，和；adj. 加的，正的，零上的

  Three plus two equals five. 三加二等于五。

This work requires intelligence plus experience. 这项工作需要才智和经验。

Her mark was B plus。她的分数B+。

6. alike adj. 相同的，类似的 adv. 同样地, 相似地

  These twins are very much alike. 这对双胞胎非常相象。

  He treats all customers alike. 他对所有的顾客都是一视同仁。

7. fold vt. 折叠；对折（unfold 展开，打开）

  She folded the letter in half and put it into her pocket.

她把信对折起来，放进了口袋。

The young man folded his arms across his chest and glared at me.

年轻人双手交叉于胸前瞪着我。 

8. thrill vt. 使激动；使胆战心惊

Little Tom was so thrilled at going to the movie. 小汤姆去看电影是那么地激动。

  She was thrilled with terror when she saw the scene of the murder.

她看到凶杀现场时,吓得毛骨悚然。

9. error n. 过失，谬误

  The accident was caused by human error. 这次事故是由人为过错造成的。

10. consistent adj. 一致的

   consist 是不及物动词，意为“由......组成, 在于, 一致”，加-ent变成了形容词。

   What he says is not consistent with what he does. 他言行不一。

重点短语

consist of

【原句回放】How many countries does the UK consist of? 英国是由几个部分组成的？

【点拨】consist of 由……组成。相当于“be made up of”。

【高清课堂：Unit 1词汇精讲consist of/to one’s credit】

His breakfast consists of bread and a cup of tea. 他的早餐包括面包和一杯茶。

This year’s team, coached by Jeff Jackson, consisted entirely of college players.

今年的队是由杰夫·杰克森指导的，全是由大学生组成的。

【拓展】consist in 在于

The charm of her writing consists in its realistic descriptions.

她写作的魅力在于符合实际的描述。

Leadership consists largely in understanding people.

领导力很大程度上在于理解人民。

refer to

【原句回放】Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well. 现在人们提到英格兰时，你会发现威尔士也包括在内。

【点拨】refer to 参考，指（的是），提到

        refer sb. to ... 指点某人去......（找人帮忙等）

He frequently refers to his notes. 他频繁地看他的笔记。

He referred me to another doctor for consultation. 他让我去找另一位医生咨询。

I wasn’t referring to you by that remark. 我那样评论时不是指你。

注意： refer 加-ed或-ing时，要双写“r”。

【拓展】n. reference  参考（书目），提及

Try to avoid any reference to his accident. 要尽量避免谈及他的事故。

When applying, please quote our reference. 你使用时，请说明是引用我们的资料。

credit/ to one’s credit

【原句回放】 To their credit the four countries do work together in some area (eg, the currency and international relations), but they still have very different institutions. 值得赞扬的是，这四个国家的确在一些方面共同合作（例如在货币和国际关系方面），但是有些制度仍然区别很大。

【点拨】credit信誉，信用，荣誉

to one’s credit为……带来荣誉, 在……名下

credit card 信用卡

对比：debit card 借记卡  

Young as she is, she has three world championships to her credit.

虽然她很年轻，她名下有三个世界冠军。

He gave her credit for her contribution to the project’s success.

他因为她对工程成功的贡献而受到了肯定。

He got the credit for the idea, but his brother suggested it first.

他因为这个想法得到了表扬，然而却是他弟弟先提出这个观点的。■

break away (from)

【原句回放】However, the southern part of Ireland was unwilling and broke away to form its own government. 然而，爱尔兰的南部不愿意组建联合王国，它分离出去并建立了自己的政府。

【点拨】break away（from）挣脱，摆脱， 破除，改掉

He tried to break away but failed, so he gave up.

他努力挣脱，但是枉费力气，所以只好放弃了。

It is not easy to break away from the pull of the earth.

要摆脱地球引力不是那么容易的。

Modern music like jazz has broken away from the old traditional rules.
      像爵士乐这样的现代音乐已经脱离传统规则。

【拓展】含break的常用短语：

break down破坏；中止；发生故障；分解   break in/ into闯入     break up（关系）破裂；打碎；结束；解散  break out突然爆发

break off 折断，停止      break through 突破（障碍等），克服

leave out

【原句回放】Which country is left out? 哪个国家（的国旗）被省去了？

【点拨】leave out 漏掉；删掉，省去；不理会，忽视

She left out the date on the cheque. 支票中她漏写了日期。

You can leave out some unimportant details in your composition.

作文中可以省去一些不重要的细节。

No one speaks to him; he’s always left out. 没人跟他说话，他总是被忽视。

【拓展】相关短语：
      leave... for... 离开......去......      leave alone 不管；不理会
      leave aside 搁置               leave behind 留下，遗忘，遗留
      leave off 停止（做某事）       leave over 遗留，使剩余

take the place of

【原句回放】All the words below can take the place of said, but they are used under different conditions and different situations. 下面的词都能代替“said”，但是它们用于不同的条件和不同的场合。

【点拨】take the place of  代替，取代。也作take one’s place。

        Sending e-mails has almost taken the place of writing letters.

发送电子邮件几乎取代了手写信件。

      Nobody could ever take the place of her father. 从来没有人能够代替她的父亲。

  She couldn’t attend the meeting so her assistant took her place.

    她不能参加会议，所以她的助手代替她参加了。

【拓展】in place of sth. /in sth.’s place 代替某物。注意此短语是介词短语。

        Can we use bamboo in place of wood to build the houses?

        我们能用竹子代替木材建这些房子吗？

易混短语：

take one’s place 就座，代替某人

take place 发生 

     in place 在适当位置 

Let’s take our places for dinner. 我们坐下吃饭吧。

The chairs were not still in place for the concert. 音乐会的椅子仍然没有到位。

    Great changes have taken place since we introduced the new technology.

    我们引入新技术后已经发生了巨大的变化。

break down

【原句回放】On the way to the station my car broke down.

【点拨】break down发生故障；（计划等）失败，破裂；（感情）控制不住，精神崩溃；中止；分解。

The telephone system has broken down. How can I contact him?

电话系统出了故障，我怎样联系他呢？

Peace talks have broken down over the question of reparations.

基于赔款问题的和平谈判已经破裂了。

If you keep on working like this, you’ll break down sooner or later.

如果你继续像这样工作，迟早身体要垮掉的。

重点句型

find + n./ pro. +宾语补足语
【原句回放】Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well. 如今当人们提到英格兰时，你会发现威尔士总包括在内的。[来源:学科网ZXXK]

【点拨】句型“find + n./ pro. +宾语补足语”表示“发现某人/某物处于......状态”。

此句中find后接了宾语Wales及宾语补足语included。因为include和Wales是被动关系，用了过去分词作宾语补足语。宾语补足语除了过去分词外，还可以接介词短语、副词、形容词和现在分词充当。即：

find + n./ pro. +  介词短语

               副词 

               形容词

               名词

               现在分词

               过去分词

When he woke up, he found himself in a cave with an old man.

他醒来时，发现自己在一个洞里和一位老人在一起。

I entered the dark house and found nobody in.

我走进了漆黑的房子里，发现没有人在家。

Lots of children found the film attractive. 许多孩子发现这个电影吸引人。

I didn’t find her an easy woman to work with. 我发现她不好共事。

His mother went into the kitchen, where she found her son drinking a cup of wine.

他妈妈走进厨房，发现她儿子在喝酒。

He found the city much changed. 他发现这个城市发生了巨大的变化。