初中五大基本句型+被动语态（教师版）

这是一份初中五大基本句型+被动语态（教师版），共5页。主要包含了成分解析，简单句的五种句型等内容，欢迎下载使用。

主语(Subject)：
一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语等充当。
Rme was nt built in a day.I lve speaking English.
Swimming is my hbby.
谓语(Verb)：
主要由动词或动词短语充当。说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或者“怎么样”。
He ften helps me.
宾语(Object)：
是指一个动作（动词）的接受者。宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语两大类，其中直接宾语(Direct
Object)指动作的直接对象，间接宾语(Indirect Object)说明动作的非直接，但受动作影响的对象。
I lve the cute dg.
He gave me a necklace.
表语(Predicative)：
用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的词或从句。表语常由名词、形容词、副词、介词
短语、动名词、不定式、从句来充当，它常位于系动词（be,becme,appear,seem,lk,sund,feel,
get,smell等词）之后。
She was a dentist.
I think the mst imprtant way is t sell flwers in the evening.
宾语补足语(Object Cmplement)：
某些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语，用来说明宾语的动作或状态，此时意思才完整，构
成复合宾语。能够充当宾补的还有：不定式，现在分词，过去分词，形容词，副词，介宾短语等。
一般情况下，宾补通常紧跟在宾语之后。
I find learning English difficult.I saw the kite up and dwn.
△不充当句子成分的内容包括：
定语：
是形容词性的，用来修饰名词或代词。作定语的除形容词之外，还有代词、数词、名词、介词短语
或相当于形容词的词或短语等。
The man with a bk is my dad.The girl standing there is my sister.
状语：
是副词性的，用来在句子中修饰动词、形容词或副词。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方
式、程度等意义，通常由副词、介词短语或相当于副词的词或短语等来表示。
状语有：让步、伴随、条件、比较、目的、原因、时间、地点、方式状语等。
We had a meeting this afternn.
T imprve my English,I study very hard.
二、简单句的五种句型
主+谓（S+V）
注意：该句型中动词为不及物动词vi.
主+谓+宾（S+V+O）
注意：该句型中动词为及物动词vt.
主+系（动词）+表（S+V+P）
注意：该句型中动词为系动词（linking v.），说明主语状况，性质，特征等情况
常见系动词分类：
主+谓+间宾+直宾（S+V+IO+DO）
注意：
①该句型中动词为双宾语动词，即后接两个宾语:人间物直。
②通常间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后,即“vt.+sb.+sth.”
有时间接宾语置于直接宾语后，此时间接宾语前需加介词fr或t,即“vt.+sth.+fr/t+
sb.”
△常见跟双宾语的动词：“九给”“两带”t不少，“买”“画”“制作”fr来了。
加t类：“九给”（give,pass,lend,write,shw,send,hand,return,ffer）；“两带”（bring,take）
加fr类：“买”（buy）；“画”（draw）；“制作”（make）
主+谓+宾+宾补（S+V+DO+OC）
△可用于这种句式的动词：let/have/make sb.d sth.help sb.(t)d sth.
ask/want/tell…sb.t d sth.
see/hear/find…sb.d/ding sth.
练习
Which f the fllwing sentences has the same structure as“Nbdy was hurt.”?
A.I saw a huse n fire.B.I felt very wrried.
C.I called 119 at fireman came quickly.
“Mr.Green asked Tim a questin.”The structure f this sentence is.
A.S+V+OB.S+V+PC.S+V+IO+DOD.S+V+DO+OC
“The children are playing in the park.”The main structure f the sentence is.
A.S+VB.S+V+DO+OCC.S+V+IO+DOD.S+V+P
The sentence structure f“Every mrning we hear him read English alud”is.
A.S+V+DOB.S+V+DO+OCC.S+V+IO+DOD.S+V+P
The sentence structure f“My mther lked tired last week.”is.
A.S+V+DOB.S+V+IO+DOC.S+V+DO+OCD.S+V+P
Bad weather may cause natural disasters.Its structure is.
A.S+V+PB.S+V+DO+OCC.S+V+IO+DOD.S+V+O
The sentence structure f“The fd tastes as gd as I cked yesterday”is.
A.S+V+OB.S+VC.S+V+DO+OCD.S+V+P
Which is the right sentence structure f“I want yu t call me back sn.”?
A.S+V+OB.S+V+IO+DOC.S+V+PD.S+V+DO+OC
The sentence structure f the“The bird is singing happily.”is.
A.S+V+DO+OCB.S+VC.S+V+IO+DOD.S+V+P
They think Jhn the best student.Here the sentence structure is.
A.S+V+DOB.S+V+IO+DOC.S+V+DO+OCD.S+V+P
11-20.判断句子类别，在括号里填上相应的序号。
A.S+VB.S+V+OC.S+V+P
D.S+V+IO+DOE.S+V+DO+OC
11.Yu lk beautiful.
12.I lve reading.
13.The cat makes me happy.
14.He ften gives me sme advice.
15.She is dancing.
16.I can hear him singing in the next dr.
17.Yu shuldn't thrw litter.
18.He seems happy.
19.I am reading an English bk.
20.She fund an article interesting.
【答案】1-5.BCABD6-10.DDDBC11-15.CBEDA16-20.EBCBE
被动语态
被动语态的结构：be+dne（及物动词的过去分词）
主动语态和被动语态结构的转换主动语态:主语＋谓语＋宾语
被动语态：主语+be+过去分词+by+宾语
“一感二听三让四看”被动还原t:
feel/hear/listen t/let/make/have/see/watch/ntice/lk at sb.d转换为：sb.be felt/heard/listened t/let/made/had/seen/watched/nticed/lked at t d
主动表被动:
○1 sth.need/want/require+ding=sth.need/want/require+t be dne;
○2物+vi.+adv.表示物的性质特征：sell,wash,clean,burn,ck,write等动词；
○3 lk,sund,taste,smell,feel,prve等系动词；
○4 be wrth ding某事值得做。
“动词+名词+介词”结构短语，被动时不能省略副词或介词。如：take care f,pay attentin t,make use f,perate n
练习
The new dictinarieslast week.This kind f bks ftenwell.
A.sld ut;sellB.were sld ut;sells
C.are sld ut;are sldD.sld ut;sell
---Can I g t see a film with my classmates tmrrw,Mum?
---Only if yur hmewrk.
A.is finishedB.has finished
C.finishesD.will be finished
---Hw many peratins did yu d last mnth?
---20 patients.
A.are peratedB.were perating
C.were perated nD.were perated
---Haze(雾霾)has been a serius prblem in ur city in the past few mnths.
---Yes.The situatin will be wrse if nthingt fight pllutin in the future.
A.has dneB.will be dneC.is dneD.des
---Yu lk s happy,right?
---Yes.It attend the 2014 Yuth Olympic Games pening ceremny.
A.invitedB.have invited
C.was invitedD.have been invited
There have been 7 undergrund lines in Nanjing and 9 mre linesin a few years.
A.are builtB.will build
C.will be builtD.are ging t build
When I left the hspital,I(cure)cmpletely.
第二届青奥会今年八月在南京举行。
The Secnd Yuth Olympic Gamesin Nanjing this summer.
他住院期间得到了护士们的精心照顾。
Hewell by the nurses when he was in hspital.
昨天，这些传单分发给街上的人们。
The leafletspeple in the street yesterday.
The bss made the wrkers wrk fr ten hurs a day.(改为被动语态)The wrkers were madefr ten hurs a day.
We will be fined by the plice because f running the red light.(改为主动句)The plice willbecause f running the red light.
They shuld hang the curtains acrss the stage in the hall fr the wnderful cncert.(改为被动语态)The curtainsacrss the stage in the hall fr the wnderful cncert.
【答案】
1-6.BACCDC7.was cured
8.will be held9.was lked after
10.were given ut t11.t wrk
12.fine us13.shuld be hung状态类
be动词
持续类（表主语持续或保持一种状态）
keep,stay,remain
变化类（表主语变成什么样）
becme,get,turn,grw
感官类
feel,lk,smell,sund,taste
表象类
seem,appear
结果类
prve,turn ut
时态
主动语态
被动语态
一般现在时
d/des
am/is/are+dne
一般过去时
did
was/were+dne
一般将来时
will/shall+d
be ging t d
will/shall+be dne
be ging t+be dne
现在进行时
am/is/are+ding
am/is/are+being dne
过去进行时
was/were+ding
was/were+being dne
现在完成时
have/has+dne
have/has+been dne
含有情态动词
情态动词+d
情态动词+be dne