2022年中考英语语法复习 动词不定式和动名词的运用学案

这是一份2022年中考英语语法复习 动词不定式和动名词的运用学案，共22页。学案主要包含了学习目标，课前小测，要点梳理，当堂测试，课堂总结，家庭作业等内容，欢迎下载使用。
1.动词不定式的运用
2.动名词的运用
3.综合运用
【课前小测】
单项选择
1.Mr. Smith tld his sn _____ the ftball match because f the exam.
A. nt t watch B. t nt watch C. nt watching D. desn’t watch
2. Dn’t frget _____ it t me when yu finish reading the bk.
A. t bring B. bringing C. bring
3. Thugh he ften made his little sister _____, tday he was made ___ by his little sister.
A. cry; t cry B. crying; crying C. cry; cry D. t cry; cry
4. When yu leave, please turn ff the lights _____ energy.
A. save B. t save C. saving D. saved
5. We are t tired. Let’s stp _____ a rest.
A. t have B．have C．having D. had
6. _______ hnest is the first thing peple shuld learn.
A. Being B. Lk C. Be D Becme
7. Many yung peple tk part in _______ trees n Tree Planting Day.
A. planting B. plants C. t plant D plant
8. -- I feel stressed frm time t time. Culd yu give me sme advice?
-- ________ sharing yur wrries with yur parents?
A. Why dn't yu B. Hw abut C. Why nt D. Wuld yu like
9. — Wuld yu mind ______ in the dining hall?
—Of curse nt.
A. nt t smke B. nt smking C. smke D. nt smke
10. — Can yu finish these bks befre 10 'clck?
— Yes, I can. （2013 四川雅安）
A. t read B. read C. reads D. reading
AAABA AABBD
【要点梳理】
不定式
定义：动词不定式由t + 动词原形组成，是动词的一种非谓语形式。它可以带宾语，构成动词不定式短语，在句子中起名词、形容词和副词的作用，因此在句中可充当谓语以外的任何成分，即主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾语补足语等。
二、不定式的功能及用法

作主语
一般位于句首，谓语动词用单数。
T g t cllege is ur ideal. 上大学是我们的理想。
1）在口语中，动词不定式作主语时常用形式主语it，而真正的主语则被置于句子后部。
It will take me three hurs t d this jb. 干这个工作我花了三个小时。
2）不定式作主语的常用句式有：
A.It+be+形容词+t d句式
It is imprtant t learn English well.学好英语很重要。
B.It’s+形容词+fr/f sb.+t d sth
It is really imprtant fr students t learn English well.
It is stupid f Jhn t help such a shameless girl.
能用于介词f结构的形容词有：gd, nice, kind, bad, cruel（残忍的）, wicked（邪恶的）, clever, bright, wise, silly（愚蠢的）, flish, stupid, selfless（无私的）, sensible（明智的）, selfish, insensible（昏迷的）, plite, fair, generus(慷慨的）, rude, unfair, mean等。这些形容词主要表示做这件事的人的品格或素质。 这些表示人物特征的形容词与f后的名词关系十分密切，有意义上的主表关系
能用于介词fr 结构的形容词有：imprtant, necessary, impssible, better, wrse, easy, difficult heavy, light等。 这些形容词主要表示与事物有关。这类形容词与fr后面的名词（代词）关系不密切，无意义上的主表关系。
拓展：（1）主语＋动词＋t＋形容词／副词＋（fr＋sb.）＋t+动词原形
表示“……太……而不能……”。例如：
He walked t slwly t catch up with me.
It is t dark in this rm fr me t read a bk.
（2）主语＋动词＋……形容词／副词＋enugh＋（fr sb.）＋t+动词原形
表示“……对某人足以……”。例如：
We need several men strng enugh t d the wrk.
They bught a huse large enugh fr ten persns t live in.
我们买了一栋房子，大得足以供十个人住。
（3）主语＋动词＋enugh＋名词＋t＋动词原形
表示“……对某人足以……”。例如：
He has enugh mney (=mney enugh) t buy a car.
He hasn’t enugh sense t realize his mistakes.
作宾语
常用不定式作宾语的动词有：
affrd,agree,wuld，like,ask,claim,chse,decide,demand,desire,determine,expect,fail,
hpe,manage,ffer,plan,pretend（假装）,prmise,refuse,reslve,threaten（威胁）,wish,want等。
He decided t visit the family n Saturday evening.
Wuld yu like t g there?记忆口诀
三个希望两答应（hpe,wish,want,agree,prmise）
一个要求莫拒绝（demand,refuse）
设法学会做决定（manage,learn,decide）
不要假装在选择（pretend,chse）
你想去那里吗？
2）当不定式作宾语，且后面还带有补足语等其他成分时，常用it做形式宾语，把不定式放在宾语补足语之后。
I fund it difficult t find a jb in Guagnzhu.
在下列动词后一般可跟"疑问词（wh,when,hw,where,which等） + 动词不定式短语"：advise, ask, decide, find ut, instruct, knw, frget, imagine, learn, bserve, remember, tell, think, understand, wnder等。
I dn't knw what t d. 我不知道该怎么办。
记忆口诀
学会忘记是有难处（learn,frget）
想知道就别来劝告（wnder,knw,advise）
展示讨论教人对付（shw,discuss,teach）
弄清楚才决定告诉（find ut,decide,tell）
The children are learning hw t play the game. 孩子们在学做游戏。
3.作宾语补足语
跟动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词常见的有：advise,allw,ask,beg,encurage,get,frce,invite,expect,rder,permit,persuade（说服）,require,want,warn,teach,wish等。
Bdy language helps yu t cmmunicate with freigners.
在一些动词后，用作宾语补语的动词不定式符号t 要省略掉。这类动词包括感官动词以及使役动词，如feel, spt, lk at, listen t, bserve, see, hear, watch, ntice, have, make, let 等。但如果句子为被动语态，动词不定式（短语）为主补时，要带t（let 除外）。
I heard her sing a sng in the next rm yesterday.
我昨天听见她在隔壁唱过一首歌。 （She was heard t sing a sng in the next rm yesterday.）
I had Jhn fix my bike. 我让约翰修理我的自行车。
The by was made t g t bed early. 这男孩被迫早上床睡觉。
4.作定语
1）不定式作定语时要后置
Childeren, I have smething t tell yu
孩子们,我有事要告诉你们。
I am very busy;I have sme letters t write.
我很忙，我要写些信。
2）如被修饰的名词或代词是动词不定式的逻辑宾语，且动词不定式的动词是不及物动词,则后面需跟成为搭配的介词。
He is always the first ne t get up.他总是第一个起床。
如果不定式修饰 time,place,way,可以省略介词。
He has n place t live.
3）当被修饰的是不定代词如everything, anything, much, little 等，或被修饰的名词前被形容词最高级，序数词，the nly等强调结构修饰时，非谓语动词作定语则只能用动词不定式。
He was the last t realize the imprtance f this prblem.
记忆口诀
一感（feel） 二听（listen t,hear）
三让（let,make,have） 四看（see,watch,lk at,ntice）
以上动词改为被动语态时，后面的不定式须带t。
5作状语
1）表目的，可放在句首或句尾。
T learn English well, yu must study hard every day.
表示结果
The bx is t heavy fr me t lift. 这个箱子太沉了，我提不动。
不定式表示结果常见于下列句型。
A.s ... as t d
Wuld yu be s kind as t lend me yur bicycle 把你的自行车借给我好吗？
B.such ... as t d
We are nt such fls as t believe him. 我们还没蠢到竟会相信他。
C.enugh… t d
He didn't run fast enugh t catch the train.他跑得不够快, 没赶上火车。
D.nly t d
He lifted a rck nly t drp it n his wn feet. 他搬起石头砸自己的脚。
E.t ... t d
His eyesight is t pr t read such small letters. 她的视力太差了，不能看这么小的字。
表示原因
She is glad t meet us. 见到我们她很高兴。
I was a fl nt t listen t yu at that time.我当时不听你的话，真是傻瓜。
表示条件
Hw can yu catch the train t start s late 这么晚才动身，你怎么能赶上火车？
6.不定式的否定结构
不定式的否定结构由“nt+不定式”构成。
Please tell yur child nt t play in the street.
动名词
基本概念：
1. 动名词是一种非谓语动词形式，其基本形式：v-ing，否定式：nt +v-ing。
2. 形式上与现在分词一样，但与现在分词有很大区别。动名词既具有动词特点，又具有名词特点。现在分词是动词的一种形式，是进行时的重要组成部分。
二．变化规则：
a.一般在词尾直接加ing, wait-waiting等待 rain-raining下雨 fight-fighting与...作斗争
b以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，去掉e再加ing use-using 使用 ride-riding骑马，乘车
make-making制作 dance-dancing跳舞
c以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，要双写最后一个字母加ing
begin-beginning开始 prefer-preferring更喜欢 cut-cutting砍，切
d少数以ie结尾的动词，变ie为y,再加ing
die-dying去世 lie-lying说谎，躺 tie-tying 系绑困
e以ee结尾的动词，直接在词尾加ing see-seeing看见
动名词构成口诀：动名词变化有奥妙，ing词尾跟的牢，重读闭音节要双写，哑音e结尾应去掉，ie变y很特殊，特殊记忆有诀窍
三．动名词在句中的作用：
动名词在句子中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等。
作主语
动名词是由动词变化而来，所以，动名词的意义也是表示某个动作或事情。
注意：动名词（短语）作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
常见作主语的情况：
直接位于句首作主语。
例：Swimming is a gd sprt in summer.
Cheating n an exam ruins ne's character. 考试作弊毁坏人的性格。
2、动名词作主语时，对于一些比较长的动名词短语，一般采用"It is ..."和"There is..."两种句式来表示。用it作形式主语，把动名词(真实主语)置于句尾作后置主语。
例：It is n use waiting fr him any lnger. 等他是没有用的。
It is a waste f time ding that. 做那件事是浪费时间。
There is n jking abut such matters. 这种事开不得玩笑。
3、动名词作主语与不定式作主语的区别：动名词作主语通常表示抽象的或泛指的动作，一般不与特定的动作执行者联系在一起；不定式作主语通常表示具体的动作或行为，往往与特定的动作执行者联系在一起，
如： It’s n use crying ver spilt milk. (抽象)
He realized that t g n like this was n use. (具体)
4、在实际运用中，一般可以互换，差异不大。但在下列几种情况中不能互换： 当表语是动名词时，主语也要用动名词；当表语是不定式时，主语也要用不定式，
如： Seeing is believing. = T see is t believe.
动名词和不定式作主语，一般都可以使用形式主语it，而将动名词或不定式放在句尾。
但是在下列句型中，一般宜用动名词，不宜用不定式来代替
It’s n use ding … It’s n gd ding… It’s a waste f time ding …
作表语
动名词作表语与现在分词作表语的区别：
a动名词作表语时相当于名词，说明主语的含义及内容，它与主语是同等关系，主语与表语互换位置不影响句子的基本含义，但不可用副词来修饰。
如： My jb is lking after the children. = Lking after the children is my jb.
Our duty is serving the peple. = Serving the peple is ur duty.
以上2处是动名词作表语，可以和主语互换位置，不影响句子的基本含义。
b现在分词作表语时相当于形容词，说明主语的特征、性质、状态等，主语与表语不可互换位置，但可用very, quite等副词来修饰，如：
The situatin is encuraging.形势是值得鼓励的。
The vlleyball match we watched was very exciting.
以上2处是现在分词作表语，不可与主语互换位置。
动名词作表语与不定式作表语的区别：
动名词作表语时表示比较抽象的一般行为、习惯；
不定式作表语时表示具体的某一次动作，特别是将来的动作，试比较：
My favrite sprt is swimming.
The first thing fr us t d is t imprve ur prnunciatin.
作宾语
1.能用动名词作宾语的动词有两类：
一类是只能用动名词作宾语的动词，
另一类是既可以用动名词，又可以用不定式作宾语的动词，其中有：begin、frget、hate、like、plan、prefer、remember、start、 try、stp、need、can’t affrd等。
接动词不定式或动名词均可且含义相同的动词有：
begin, start, like, lve, hate, prefer, cntinue等。
接不定式多指具体的动作，接动名词多指一般或习惯行为。如：
He likes t sing / singing. 他喜欢唱歌。
It began t rain / raining. 开始下雨了。
以下动词接不定式和动名词意义大不相同：
stp t d smething 停止手中事，去做另一件事
stp ding smething 停止正在做的事
remember / frget / regret t d smething
记得 / 忘记 / 遗憾要做某事（指动作尚未发生）
remember / frget / regret ding smething
记得 / 忘记 / 遗憾做了某事（指动作已经发生）
try t d smething 设法，努力去做，尽力
try ding smething 试试去做，看有何结果
g n t d smething 接着做另外一件事
g n ding smething 接着做同一件事
mean t d smething 打算做，企图做
mean ding smething 意思是，意味着
(1) 动名词跟在及物动词后做宾语。例如：
I enjy wrking with yu.
After hearing the funny stry, all f us culdn't help laughing ear t ear.
Wuld yu mind ringing me up tmrrw
动名词也可以在短语动词和介词后作宾语，习惯接动名词作宾语的短语有：be afraid f, be busy, be gd at, be interested in, be wrth, feel like, hw / what abut, lk frward t, pay attentin t, succeed in, think f，put ff(推迟）, have truble/difficulty/prblem (in) ding，spend...(in) ding， ding，be/get used t ding sth.等。
下列动词后的动名词虽然是被动意义，但不用被动语态：
Yur car needs filling. 你这车要充气了。
This city deserves visiting. 这座城市值得光顾一下。
The prblem requires studying carefully .这个问题需要认真研究。
The trees want watering .这些树需要浇水了。
四、作定语
动名词作定语的情况并不是很普遍，一般只限于单个的动名词作定语，用于所修饰的名词前表示该事物的用途，也可使用fr+动名词, 位于所修饰的名词后, 表示“用于„„的”或表示“处于某件事情中的„„”含义。
例： swimming pl 游泳池 reading material 阅读材料 walking stick 手杖 pening speech 开幕词 listening aid 助听器 waiting rm 候车室 running water 自来水 develping cuntries 发展中国家 wrking peple 劳动人民 sleeping child 熟睡孩子
作状语
动名词（短语）可以和abut, against, at, befre, after, by, fr, besides, frm, in, n, upn, withut等介词构成短语，在句中作状语，如：
Besides cking and sewing, she had t take care f the children.
【当堂测试】
一．单项选择
1. My parents ften tell me ___ t much junk fd because it’s bad fr my health.
A. nt eating B. nt t eat C. eating D. t eat
2. She’s nt strng enugh _____ walking up muntains.
A. t g B. ging C. g D. went
3. He lst his key. It made him _____ in the cld t wait fr his wife’s return.
A. t stay B. stayed C. stays D. stay
4. Many children are left alne in the cuntryside. Let’s try ur best _____ them.
A. help B. helping C. t help D. helps
5. --Excuse me. Culd yu please tell me _ my car?
--Sure. Park it right here. I’ll help yu.
A. hw t stp B. where t park C. where t stp D. when t park
6. I‘m sleepy. I prefer ________ at hme t ging ut fr a walk.
sleeping B. t sleep C. slept D. sleep
7. He used t _____in a small village, but nw he has been used t ____in a big city.
live; living B. live; live C. living; living D. lived, live
8. — Wuld yu mind ________ the windw? It's very ht.
—N, nt at all.
A. pen B. t pen C. pening D. pened
9. The Great Green Wall can stp the wind and sand t the rich land in the suth f China.
A. mve B. t mve C. frm mving D. in mving
10. I fund a letter ______ n the flr when I came int the classrm.
A. lying B. lay C. lie D. lies
二．用括号内所给单词的适当形式完成句子
1. When I went in the rm, I fund him ________ (lie) in the bed.
2. Nick, wuld yu mind nt _______ (wear) thse ld jeans? They lk terrible.
3. I didn’t g t bed until I finished_______ (d) my hmewrk.
4. I spent a lt f time __________________ (practice speak) English last week.
5. The retired cuple enjy ________(take) pht.
6.Culd yu tell me hw___________ (get) t the train statin?
7.His stry really makes me ____________ (cry).
8.Our head teacher ften tells us _____________ (nt/talk) in class.
9 . Practise speaking English every day _______________ (imprve) my spken English.
10.I hpe _______ (be) a pilt in the future.
三．阅读理解
A man heard that there was a hly flame(圣火)burning in a far-away place.s he left his hme t find the hly fame and bring sme f it’s light back t his huse. He thught "When I have this light,I will have happiness and all the peple I lve will have it t."
He travelled fr and finally fund the hly flame ,and then he lit his light with the hly flame.On his way hme, he met a wman. That wman was freezing (极冷的)and didn't have any fire s she asked him fr sme f the fire. The man with the light thught fr a mment. A last, he decided t give sme f his light t the wman wh was freezing in the darkness.
The man cntinued his jurney hme. When he almst g t his huse, it rained heavily.He tried t prtect his light frm the rain, but in the end his light still went ut.
As it was far away frm the place where the hly fame was as burning, it was nt pssible fr him t g back there.He was strng enugh t g back t the wman
He helped n his way hme.And with her light,he lit his wn light again.
1.What did the man want t find?
A.A far-away cuntry. B.The hly flame.
C.The freezing wman. D.The heavy rain.
2.What did the man d after his light went ut?
A.He returned t the place where the hly fame was burning.
B.He went back hme withut light.
C.He returned t the freezing wman t ask fr help.
D.He gt a rest t have enugh strength.
3.What's the right f the fllwing sentences?
①He gave sme light t a freezing wman.
②There was a heave rain and his light went ut.
③The man lit his light with the hly flame.
④The man left fr a far-away place.
⑤With the wman’s help, the man lit up his light and went hme.
A.④⑤①②③ B.④②③①⑤
C.④③①②⑤ D.④③②⑤①
4.What can yu infer(推断)frm this stry?
A. The man was very kind. B. There was n light in the wman’s huse.
C. The man didn't help anyne. D. The light was easy t get.
5.What des the stry want t tell us?
A.If yu help smene,yu may get help frm them ne day.
B.Fire is very imprtant in ur daily life.
C.The rain can make the fire g ut.
D.It's n easy t get the hly flame.
一．BADCB AACCA
二．1.lying 2. wearing 3. ding 4. practicing speaking 5. taking
t get 2. cry 3.nt t talk 4. t imprve 5. t be
【课堂总结】
【家庭作业】
一．选择题
1. Our teacher ften tells us _____ in the river. It’s dangerus.
A. dn’t swim B. nt swim C. nt t swim D. nt swimming
2. It was time fr class. Mr. King asked all the children _____ dwn quietly.
A. sit B. sat C. t sit D. sitting
3. —Dad, why must I stp _____ cmputer games?
—Fr yur health, my by. （2013湖北孝感 ）
A. play B. t play C. t playing D. playing
4. — Hw is yur grandma?
—She’s fine. She used t _____ TV at hme after supper. But nw she is used t _____ ut fr a walk.（2013 湖北黄冈）
watch; g B. watching; gC. watching; ging D. watch; ging
5. Dn’t thrw away the waste paper. It needs s that it can be reused.
t destryB. destryingC. t cllect D. cllecting
6. — What abut a rest? —Let‘s g fr a walk. （2013湖南邵阳）
A. t take B. take C. taking D tk
7. Our English teacher ften says t us, “____ English well is very imprtant”
Learn B. Learning C. Learned D. T learning
8. — I’m lking frward t _____my parents sn. What abut yu?— Me t.
A. seeing B. see C. saw D. sees
9. Seeing their teacher _______ int the classrm, they stpped _______ at nce.
A. walk; telling B. entering; t speak C. enter; t tell D. walking; talking
10 The retired cuple enjy ____ phts. They always g ut with their cameras
A. take B. tk C. t take D. taking
二．所给中文提示完成英语句子，每空词数不限。
1 .He gt up early _________________ (catch) the first train.
2.The by let his little sister____________ (stay) at hme alne.
3.Mr. Li asks the students _________ (nt/swim) in the river, because it’s t dangerus.
4.Dn’t wrry. I’ll d what I can ________ (help) yu.
5Yu prmised ______________ (cme) t my party, but yu didn’t.
6. The waste paper needs ________ (cllect) s that it can be reused.
7. Stp ___________ (cmplain) abut the traffic. Just think abut what we can d t imprve it.
8. Tny suggested nt _______(take) a taxi unless we were in a hurry.
9. All my classmates are busy _______ (get) ready fr the PE test.
10. The bk is wrth __________(read).
三．语法填空
Stne is all arund us．Stne is usually very hard, 1.___________ it can als be sft．Stnes have many uses．
In sme 2.___________ (cuntry), artists carve （雕刻） beautiful things ut f sft stnes, because they can 3.___________ (shape) easily．In ancient times, peple carved small persns r animals ut f sft stnes, which can 4.___________ (carry) alng with．While in sme Eurpean cuntries, statues（雕塑） are carved frm hard stnes and they d nt change 5.___________ (easy)．In summer, the ht sun 6.___________ (shine) n these statues and in winter the 7.____________ (snwy) falls n them, but they still remain beautiful．
Stne is strng and lng-lasting(持久的). S, it is gd enugh 8.________ buildings．A huse built f stne des nt catch fire as easily as ne made 9.________ wd．Sme stnes are clured, s they make the buildings lk wnderful．Peple can als get a fire with stnes．Besides, sme kinds f stnes can be used 10.___________ (maker) jewellery （珠宝）．We’ve fund stnes are really amazing．
一．1-5. CCDDD 6-10CBADD
二．1.t catch 2.stay 3.nt t swim 4.t help 5.t cme
6. cllecting 7. cmplaining 8. taking 9. Getting 10. reading功能
例句
1
作主语
T mast a language is nt an easy thing.
掌握一门语言不是一件容易的事情。
2
作宾语
I want t ask him a questin.
我想问他一个问题。
3
作表语
What I shuld d is t finish the task sn.
我应该做的是赶快完成任务。
4
作宾语补足语
Please ask him t cme here quickly.
请叫他快过来。
5
作定语
There are many ways t slve the prblem.
有许多方法能解决这个问题。
I have smething imprtant t tell yu.
我有重要的事情要告诉你。
6
作状语
They were very sad t hear the news.
听到这个消息，他们很伤心。
finish ding
practice ding
can’t help ding sth.
advise ding
be busy ding
keep ding
can’t stand ding sth.
succeed ding
give up ding
cnsider ding
suggest ding
spend ding
enjy ding
avid ding sth.
prefer ding sth. t ding sth.
admit ding
miss ding
mind ding
be wrth ding sth.
imagine ding
have fun ding
feel like ding
excuse ding
dislike ding