英语基础语法——形容词副词重要考点及应用学案

英语基础语法

形容词、副词及其用法

形容词adj.

一、定义：修饰n.

二、用法：    A beautiful girl   （名词前，作定语）

       She is beautiful.   （系动词后，做表语）

             Someone beautiful   （不定代词后，做后置定语）

三、n.→adj.   +y：天气类rainy, cloudy, foggy, funny (注意双写)，healthy, lucky

              +ly: friendly, lovely, lively（生动的）

              +ful: careful, colorful

              +less：careless，hopeless，helpless，useless....

+ed / ing : interested/interesting, excited/exciting, bored/boring

+ern：东南西北（western，southern，eastern，northern）

              +ous: danger → dangerous; mystery→mysterious

              anger → angry

四、比较级 / 最高级

A. 规则

   原             比              最

  一般          +er              +est

  e结尾         +r               +st

  辅+y         y→i,+er          y→i,+est

  辅元辅       双写，+er       双写，+est

部分双/多音节   more             most

B. 不规则

old-older/elder- oldest/eldest              far-farther/further- farthest/furthest

good-better-best                      many-more-most

well-better-best                       much-more-most

bad-worse-worst                      little-less-least

ill-worse-worst                      few-fewer-fewest（规则）

副词adv.

一、用法：修饰v./adj./adv.     (The beautiful girl runs fast./very fast/ so tall)

二、adj.→adv.

+ly, carefully

y→i，+ly :happy→happily

     le→ly: gentle→gemtly（温柔地）

三、分类

四、比较级/最高级 （与adj.一样）

五、特殊

   the+adj.最高级，adv.最高级前不加the

 adj.=adv. (early, late, high, fast, hard)

六、区别

    hard努力地，艰难地    hardly几乎不

  alone adj./adv. 单独的/地（强调一个人）  

lonely adj.寂寞的（强调感情色彩）

  sleepy adj.  困的，想睡的

asleep adj./adv. 熟睡的/地

七、修饰比较级的词

（放adj./adv.前）much, even, a little, far, any, a bit,  a lot

八、形容词副词常考句型

1. 原级用法

（1）表示双方程度相当：as+原级+as     和。。。一样。。。。

（2）表示双方程度不同：not so/as+原级+as      不如。。。

Tom is as tall as Mary.

This question is not as easy as that one.

特殊：as well as 和

      as long as   只要

      as soon as    一……..就…..

      as+ adj./adv.+ as possible/sb. can  尽可能…….

2. 比较级用法

（1）A+谓语动词+比较级+than+B （A比B怎么样）

   You are more careful than Tom.

   He runs faster than Tom.

（2）A+谓语动词+the+比较级+of the two+.. （A是这两个...里面更....的）

  Tom is the taller of the two students.

（3）主语+谓语动词+比较级+and+比较级 （越来越....）

  The computers become cheaper and cheaper.

（4）（部分双音节和全部多音节）

主语+谓语动词+more+and+more +原级（越来越....）

He does his homework more and more carefully.

（5）The+比较级，the+比较级 （越怎么样，就越怎么样）

The harder you study, the luckier you will be.

The more exercise you take, the healthier you will be.

3. 最高级用法

（1）A+谓语动词+the+最高级+(名词（单）)+in/of+范围.（最...）

（2）A+谓语动词+one of the+ 最高级+名词（复）+in/of+范围. (最...之一）

He sings the best in the class.

He is the cleverest student in his class.

He is one of the cleverest students in his class.

4. 倍数表达

(1)“A+倍数+形容词或副词的比较级+than+B”，表示“A比B大（长、高、宽等）多少倍”。

如： This rope is twice longer than that one.

The car runs twice faster than that truck.

 (2).“A+倍数+as+形容词或副词的原级+as+B”，表示“A正好是B的多少倍”。

This big stone is three times as heavy as that one.

The plane flew ten times as high as the kite.

 (3). “A+倍数+the size/height/length/width, etc+of+B”，表示“A正好是B的多少倍”。

This street is four times the length of that one. 这条街是那条街的四倍长。

This hill is four times the height of that small one. 这座山的高度是那座小山的四倍。

5. 其他句型

(1) too + adj. / adv.  (for sb.) + to do…

(2) adj. / adv. enough to do…

(3) so + adj. / adv  (for sb.) + that从句

妹妹太小了以至于不能上学。

My sister is too young to go to school.

My sister is not old enough to go to school.

My sister is so young that she can't go to school.

翻译：他起床太晚了以至于不能赶上公交（Catch the bus）。