初中英语七种时态详解及练习 无答案学案

这是一份初中英语七种时态详解及练习 无答案学案，


初中英语时态详解

















姓名：__________



目 录


1. 一般现在时············3

2. 现在进行时············6

3. 一般过去时············9

4. 一般将来时············13

5. 过去进行时············16

6. 现在完成时············19

7. 过去完成时············23




1.一般现在时
概念： 一般用来表示人或物经常性或习惯性的动作或状态，也可以用来表示人或物现在的状态或者用来表示主语现在具有的性格或能力等。
1、表示经常的或者习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。
时间状语：every morning，every night，every evening，every day/week/year,
twice a week, once a month,
频度副词：always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never.
Tom is always late for school.
2、表示主语具备的性格、能力和特征。
Tom is outgoing.
3、表示现在的状态。
The earth moves around the sun.
结构：1. 含有系动词 be的句型结构 (主 系 表)
肯定句： 主语 + be + 其他
He is tall.
否定句： 主语 + be + not + 其他
He isn’t tall.
一般疑问句：Be+ 主语 + 其他
-- Is he tall？
--Yes, he is. / No, he isn’t.
特殊疑问句：疑问词+以be开头的一般疑问句
Where is he ?　
2. 含有实义动词（习惯性、经常性的动作、行为）：(主谓 或 主谓宾)
肯定句： 主语 + V/ V三单 + 其它
I like apples. He likes apples.
否定句： 主语 + don’t / doesn’t + V + 其它
I don’t like apples. He doesn’t like apples.
一般疑问句：Do / Does +主语+V+其它 Yes,主语+do / does. / No,主语+don't / doesn't.
--Do you like apples ? --Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
--Does he like apples ? --Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't.
特殊疑问句：疑问词+以do/does开头的一般疑问句
What do you do？ How does he go to school?　
三单变化规则：
1. 一般情况下，直接在动词词尾+s ，例如： get→gets; take→takes
2. 以s, sh, ch, x, o 结尾的动词，在词尾+ es，例如：teach→ teaches; go→goes
3. 以辅音字母+ y 结尾的动词，变y 为i，再+ es，如：study→studies; try→tries
4. 动词 have→has; be→is



一.写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式.
talk_________forget_________hope_________stop_________play_________say_________
buy_________worry_________fly_________study__________like__________make_________
have_________watch_________ try_________ teach_________ do_________go_________
二．用括号中所给的词适当形式填空.
1. My classmate _______ (know) the man on the bike .
2. His sister usually _______ (go) to school at 7:00 am .
3. Lin Tao ________ (like) his new sweater .
4. Let me _______(have) a look .
5. Let’s _______(play) tennis !
6. ________he _______ (like) English ?
7. I want____________(go) to school .
8. He ______________(not know)the teacher’s name .
9. Nice to____________(meet) you !
10. Can I ____________ (ask) the policeman ?
11. I often__________（help） my mother with housework.
12. Uncle Wang _____________（introduce） his daughter to us.
13. He _______ （have） music class on Mondays.
14. How _______（do）he _________（get） there?
15. __________（do）you _______（agree） with me?
16. All of us___________（ study） hard.
17. He always___________（ forget） to close the window.
18. Grandma often _________（cook） dinner for our family.
19. He often _______ (have) dinner at home.
20. The girl _______ (teach) us English on Sundays.
21. She and I _______ （take）a walk every evening.
22. There_______ (be) some water in the bottle.
23. We_______________(not watch) TV on weekdays.
24. Nick_________________ (not do) his homework on Sundays.
25. _______they _______(like) the World Cup?
26. What _______ they usually ______ (do) on holidays?
27. _______ your parents _______ (read) newspapers every day?
28. His bike is broken. It _______（sound） terrible.
29. Do you like flowers ? It _______（look） beautiful.
30. Every year my parents _______（give） me a present for my birthday.
31. The club _______（send） her a letter every month.
32. _______ your dad _______（wash） his car once a week? Yes, he does.
33. Lin Tao is a good student. He _______ （study） very hard.
34. They _______（ work） at the school.
35. We often _______(play) in the playground.
36. He_______(get) up at six o’clock.
37._______you_______(brush) your teeth every morning?
38. What_______(do) he usually_______(do) after school?
39. Mike sometimes__________(go) to the park with his sister.
40. __________Mike__________(read) English every day?
三．根据提示补充句子。
1、Simon and Tom are good friends .(改为否定句)
Simon and Tom __________ good friends.
2、We are in the school football team. (改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答)
_______ you in the school football team? Yes,_______ ________.
3、Amy likes playing computer games. (改为一般疑问句并作否定回答)
________ Amy _______ playing computer games? No, she_______.
4、We go to school every morning . (改为否定句)
We ________ _________ to school every morning.
5、She is always ready to help others. (改为一般疑问句并作否定回答)
______ she always ready to help others? No, she _______.
四.改错。
1.Is your brother speak English?
A B C ( )
2.Does he looks like his father?
A B C ( )
3.He likes play games after class.
A B C ( )
4. Mr Wu teachs us English.
A B C ( )
5.She doesn’t her homework on Sunday.
A B C ( )
2.现在进行时
一. 什么是现在进行时？
1）现在进行时表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作。 例如：I am reading a book.
2）表示现阶段正在进行而说话时不一定在进行的动作。
例如：I am learning English hard these days.
二. 现在进行时的标志词。
常和now、at the moment、look、listen等连用
结构是：助动词be（am，is，are）＋现在分词v-ing
　现在分词的变化规则：
1） 一般情况直接在动词后加－ing。例如：work－working，study－studying
2）以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，先去掉字母e，再加－ing。例如：live－living
3）以重读闭音节结尾并且只有一个辅音字母的动词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加－ing。
　　 例如：stop－stopping，swim－swimming，run－running
三. 现在进行时的用法。
1）表示说话的时候正在进行的动作，经常和now，right now,look，listen等词连用。
　　 例如：My father is watching TV now. 我爸爸现在在看电视。
　2）表示目前一段时间内一直进行的动作，经常和these days，this week，at present等时间状语连用。
　　 例如：My parents are working on a farm these days. 这些天我的父母在农场干活。
3） 表示现在不断发展变化的事情，这类动词有get，grow，turn，become等。
例如：The leaves are turning yellow. 树叶在变黄。
4）表示将要发生的动作，仅限动词arrive，begin，go，come，leave，fly等
例如：I am coming soon. 我马上来。
四. 现在进行时的句式变化。
肯定句式：主语+be( am, is, are) + V-ing +其它. He is swimming.
否定句式：主语+be(am, is, are) +not + V-ing +其它. He is not swimming.
一般疑问句：Be(am, is, are) +主语+ V-ing +其它？ Is he swimming?
　　特殊疑问句：疑问词+be(am, is, are)+主语 + V-ing +其它？ What are you doing ?
　　对现在进行时的特殊疑问句的回答，它不可以用Yes或No直接作答，要根据实际情况回答。
五. 现在进行时的特殊用法。
表示位置移动的动词，如：leave/ come/go/begin等用于现在进行时，表示按计划或安排近期将要进行的动作，常与表示将来的时间状语连用。
--Can you help me? 你能帮我吗？ --OK! I’m coming. 当然可以，我就来。
六. 现在进行时和一般现在时的区别。
1）现在进行时表示此时此刻正在进行的动作，或者某一段时间内正在进行的动作。常与now, listen, look, at present, at the moment 等词连用。
例如：Listen! The bird is singing in the tree. 听！小鸟在树上唱歌。
2）一般现在时表示习惯性，经常性的动作。例如：She goes to school at seven o’clock.
它所描述的事情一般不会发生改变。
例如：物体的性质： The table is made of wood. 这个桌子是木头做的。
客观事实或真理：The earth is bigger than the moon. 地球比月亮大。
一、写出下列动词的现在分词：
rain__________fly_________play________ make__________ go__________ study__________ write________ read________ have________ sing_________ dance_________ see___________ buy_________eat________live________take________come__________wash__________ get_________stop__________ sit _________ begin_______ shop________ chat_________ swim_________run_________ put__________
二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：
1.The boy ____________( draw)a picture now.
2. Listen! Some girls___________( sing)in the classroom .
3. My mother __________ (cook )some nice food  now.  
4. What ________ you _________ ( do ) now?
5. Look!They _________( have) an English lesson . 
6.They ____________(not,water) the flowers now.
7.Look! the girls ________________(dance )in the classroom .
8.What is our son doing? She ___________ (listen ) to music.
9.It’s 5 o’clock now. We_____________(have)supper now
10._________Helen____________(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is .
三、句型转换：
1. They are doing housework .
一般疑问句：______________________________________
否定句:___________________________________________
2．The students are cleaning the classroom .
一般疑问句：______________________________________
否定句:___________________________________________
3． I’m playing football in the playground .(对划线部分进行提问)
________________________________________________________
4． Tom is reading books in his study . (对划线部分进行提问)
_______________________________________________________
四.填空
1.What are you _________________ (do) now? I ____________________(eat) bread.
2.It’s nine o’clock. My father_________________ (work) in the office.
3.Look, the boy___________________(put) the rubbish into the bin.
4.Where is Mike? He__________________(run) on the grass.
5.Listen, who________________(sing) in the music room? Oh, Mary_______________(sing) there.
五.按要求改写句子
1. The boy is playing basketball.
否定句：______________________________________
一般疑问句：______________________________________
肯定回答：_________________________否定回答：___________________________
对“is playing basketball”提问：_________________________________________________
对“ The boy”提问：_____________________________________________________
2. They are singing in the classroom.
否定句：_______________________________________
一般疑问句：______________________________________
肯定回答：______________________否定回答：_________________________
对“are singing ”提问：________________________________________________   
对“ in the classroom”提问：________________________________________________
六.用现在进行时完成下列句子:
1.What_______you__________ (do)?
2.I________________(sing) an English song.
3.What________he________ (mend)?
4.He_________ __________ (mend) a car. 
6.______she___________(sit) in the boat?
7.______you_____________(ask)questions?  
8.We__________ _________(play) games now
七.用一般现在时或现在进行时填空。
1. Miss Guo __________(teach) us Chinese. She________(be) a very good teacher. She often__________(talk) with us after class. Many of us like____________(talk) with her. Now, she_________________ (talk) with Lily.
2. Listen! Who_______________(read) English? Han Meimei is. She often____________(read) English in the evening.


3.一般过去时
一、概念：表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，常和表示过去的时间状语连用：
1.构成:一般过去时的谓语不管主语的人称和单复数都用动词的过去式表示，
一． 规则变化
1、一般情况下,动词词尾加-ed,如：work—worked play—played want—wanted
2、以不发音的-e结尾动词,动词词尾加-d,如：live—lived move—moved taste—tasted
3、以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,把y改成i,加—ed,
如：study—studied try—tried copy—copied carry—carried
4、重读闭音节动词,双写词尾辅音字母,再 加—ed,如：stop—stopped
二、不规则动词的过去式 （举例）
begin→began go→went see→saw do→did get→got come→came leave→left am、is→was are→were give→gave have→had think→thought
句型结构
1.“是” 动词be (was, were) 的一般过去时句型结构(主系表)：
肯定句： 主语 + was/were + 其他
I was a student in 1990.
否定句： 主语 + was/were + not + 其他。
I wasn't a student in 1990.
一般疑问句： Was/Were + 主语 + 其他 ？
Yes,主语+was/were. No,主语+wasn’t/weren’t.
Was he at home last night?
Yes, he was. No, he wasn’t.
特殊疑问句：疑问词+ was/were+主语+其他 ？
When were you a student?
三单和I 用was;复数人称和you 用were。

2、过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为（实义动词）：(主谓 或 主谓宾)
肯定句： 主语+ V过去式 +其他
He went to the cinema yesterday.
否定形式： 主语+ did +not +V+其他
He did not go to the cinema yesterday.
一般疑问句：Did +主语 + V +其他？
Yes,主语+did. No,主语+didn’t
Did he go to the cinema yesterday?
Yes,he did. No,he didn’t.
特殊疑问句：疑问词+did +主语 + V +其他？
回答不能用Yes或No，要视情况而定
When did he go to the cinema？

二、四种时间状语：
　① yesterday及相关短语。
例如：yesterday morning/afternoon/evening ，the day before yesterday,
② “last+ 时间状语”构成的短语。
　　 例如：last Monday.../last night/month/spring/year 昨晚/上个月/去年春天/去年。
③ “一段时间+ago”组成的短语。
　　 例如：three days ago 三天以前 four years ago四年以前。
　④ “介词+ 时间名词”组成的短语。
例如：in 1999 在1999年；
on the morning of December 25th 在12月25号早上。
还有一些过去时常用的时间状语：
just now, at the age of 5, one day, long ago, once upon a time(很久以前), at that time,before, a few days ago, when，the other day（前几天），When I was 8 years old

课堂练习


一.写出下列动词的过去式
is______ am______ fly______ plant______ are______ drink______ play______ go______ make______ does______ dance______ worry______ ask______ taste______ eat______ draw______ put______ throw______ pass______ do______ have______ write______kick______study______ copy______come______ ride______ speak______ swim______ read______ stop______cook______ watch______ visit______
二.单项选择： 从下列各题后所给的四个选项中选择最佳答案填空。
( )1．My father＿＿＿ill yesterday．
A.isn't B． aren't C． wasn't D． weren't
( )2．＿＿＿your parents at home last week﹖
A.Is B． Was C． Are D． Were
( )3．The twins＿＿＿in Dalian last year． They＿＿＿＿here now．
A.are; were B． were; are C． was; are D． were; was
( )4．＿＿＿＿your father at work the day＿＿＿＿yesterday(前天）﹖
A.Was;before B． Is; before C． Was; after D． Is; after
( )5．What did you do________ ? I went to the movies.
A next morning B.last weekend C in the weekend D next Monday
( )6.I cleaned my classroom ___________.
A. with three hours B. three hours ago
C. in three hours D. three hours before
( )7.I came _______ my house two days ago .
A.back on B.back to C.to back D .back
( )8.___________? He did some reading at home.
A.What does your father do yesterday evening
B.What does your brother do in the school
C.What did your brother do over the weekend
D.Where did your brother go last Sunday
三、请用正确的动词形式填空。
1.I _________ (have) an exciting party last weekend.
2._________ she _________(practice) her guitar yesterday? No, she _________.
3.What ________ Tom ________ (do) on Saturday evening?
He ________(watch) TV and __________(read) an interesting book.
4.They all_________(go) to the mountains yesterday morning.
5.She _________(not visit) her aunt last weekend.
She ________ (stay) at home and_________(do)some cleaning.
6.When ________ you _________(write) this song? I __________(write) it last year.
7.Tom ________(study) for the math test and ________(practice) English last night.
8.________ Mr. Li __________(do) the project on Monday morning? Yes, he _________.
9.How _________(be) Jim's weekend? It _________(be not) bad.
10.________ (be) your mother a sales assistant last year? No. she __________.
11.John ________ (work) all day yesterday.
12.My twin brother often ________ (dress) up as a cool boy.
13. —________ she ________(practice) her guitar yesterday?
—No, she ________ (do).
14.His cousin Mary________(not come) yesterday because of her illness.
15.It ________(take) me two hours to finish my homework last night.
16.What ______ your mother _______(do) every evening? She _______(wash) clothes.
17.－What day ______(be) it today? － It’s Saturday.
18. You always____ (do) your homework well.
19. She_____ (go) to school from Monday to Friday
20.She watches TV every evening. But she _______________ (not watch) TV last night
21.________ your father ________ ( go ) to work every day last year?
22. —What time _______ you _______ (get) to Beijing yesterday?
—We __________ (get) to Beijing at 9:00 in the evening.
四、翻译下列句子
1. 他什么时候是一名学生的？1980年。
--When _______ he _______ __________? --_______ 1980.
2. Jenny喜欢看书。昨晚她看了一本英语书。
Jenny likes _________ __________. She_________ an English book last night.
3. Emma每天都看电视。可是昨天他没有看。
Emma__________ TV every day. But he _________ ________ ________ yesterday.
4. 上周六他们做什么了？他们做作业和购物了。
What ________ they _________ _________ Saturday?
They __________ homework and _________ __________.
5. 你还有什么要说的？ What else would you like _______ _______?
6. 别忘了向老师说声再见。Don’t forget ______ _______ _______ _______ the teacher.
7. 为什么你昨晚没有看电视？ Why __________ you _______ TV last night?
8. 昨天他在打扫教室的时候，发现地上有块表。
When he___________the classroom, he__________a watch on the ground yesterday.
五、改写句子：
1、Lucy did her homework at home.（改否定句）
Lucy ________ _______ her homework at home.
2、He found some meat in the fridge（冰箱）.（变一般疑问句)
___________ he __________ ___________ meat in the fridge?
3、 There was some orange in the cup.（变一般疑问句)
_______ there _______ orange in the cup?
4. Frank read an interesting book about history. （一般疑问句）
_______ Frank _______ an interesting book about history?
5.Why not go out for a walk? （同义句）
_______ ________ ________go out for a walk?
6.Tom spent RMB 10 on this book. （否定句）
Tom_________ ________RMB 10 on this book.
7. My family went to the beach last week. （对划线部分提问）
________ ________ ________ family _______ last week?
8. Sally often does some reading in the morning. （改成否定句）
Sally _______ often ______ any reading in the morning.
六、 改错题
1．How is Jane yesterday? ______________________________________________
2．He go to school by bus last week. ___________________________________
3．He often goes home at 6:00 last month. ______________________________
4．I can fly kites seven years ago. ____________________________________
5．Did you saw him just now ? __________________________________________
6．Tom wasn’t watch TV last night. ____________________________________
7．I didn’t my homework yesterday. ____________________________________
8．He wait for you three hours ago. ____________________________________

4.一般将来时
1. 概念：表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作.
2. 常与一般将来时连用的时间状语有:
in the future, tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next (month), at once(立刻;马上), soon,
right away(立刻;马上), right now(现在;马上) later，in + 一段时间(in two days)等结构
3.一般将来时句型结构
肯定句： 主语 + will/shall + 动词原形 + 其他 ,will 用于各种人称，shall 用于第一人称。
主语 + be going to + 动词原形 + 其他 如果表示计划去某地，可直接用 be going to + 地点
We are going to Beijing for a holiday.
否定句： 主语+ will/shall/be + not +动词原形+其他 will not = won’t .
一般疑问句： Will/Shall +主语+动词原形+其他
Be + 主语 + going to + 动词原形 + 其他？
特殊疑问句: 疑问词/ 疑问词组 + 一般疑问句？
4. There be 句型的一般将来时：
肯定句： There will be + 主语 + 其他 意为：将会有。
There will be a basketball match tomorrow.
否定句： There won’t be + 主语 + 其他 意为：将不会有。
There won’t be a basketball match tomorrow.
一般疑问句： Will there be + 主语 + 其他。
Will there be a basketball match tomorrow？
Yes, there will. No, there won’t.
特殊疑问句: 疑问词/ 疑问词组 + 一般疑问句？
When will there be a basketball match?
5. 注意：
1). 在口语中， will常缩写为’ll， will not常缩写为won’t.
2). 在疑问句中，主语为第一人称（I 和we）时，常用助动词shall：
Shall we meet at the school gate tomorrow？
3). be going to与will的区别：从不严格的语法角度而言，be going to与 will二者可以互换，
但：be going to 也可以表示将要发生的动作或安排，更强调判断及将要发生的事情，含有“计划，准备”的意思，常表示某事肯定发生，而且很快要发生。
主观：I’m going to take a trip this weekend； Look at the clouds ! It is going to rain .
而will表示客观上将来势必发生的事情: He will be twenty years old next month.
主观上看表示说话人相信或希望要发生的事情 I believe Lucy will be a great doctor.
4). come, go, leave, arrive等表示位置移动的动词常用现在进行时表示将来：
The bus is coming. My mother is leaving for Shanghai.
5). 在条件、时间状语从句中，一般是主将从现。
If(如果) it is fine tomorrow, I’m going on a trip.
I will tell you when he comes back.
引导条件状语的词：if（如果）；as long as，unless
引导时间状语的词：when , after, before, as soon as, not .... until....

　一、单项选择
　　( ) 1. There __________ a meeting tomorrow afternoon.
　　 A. will be going to B. will going to be C. is going to be D. will go to be
　　( ) 2.Tom ________ here next month.
　　 A. isn't working B. doesn't working C. isn't going to working D. won't work
　　( ) 3. He ________ very busy this week, he ________ free next week.
　　 A. will be; is B. is; is C. will be; will be D. is; will be
( ) 4.--_____ you ______ free tomorrow?
-- No. I _____ free the day after tomorrow.
　　 A. Are; going to; will B. Are; going to be; will
　　 C. Are; going to; will be D. Are; going to be; will be
　 ( ) 5. Mother ________ me a nice dress on my next birthday.
　　 A. will gives B. will give C. gives D. give
( ) 6. - Shall I buy a cup of tea for you?
-________. （不，不要。）
　　 A. No, you won't. B. No, you aren't.
C. No, please don't. D. No, please.
( ) 7. - Where is the morning paper?
- I ________ if for you at once.
　　 A. get B. am getting C. to get D. will get
　　( ) 8. ________ a meeting next Saturday?
　　 A. There will be B. Will there be C. There can be D. There are
　　( ) 9. If they come, we ________ a meeting.
　　 A. have B. will have C. had D. would have
　　( ) 10. He ________ her a beautiful hat on her next birthday.
　　 A. gives B. gave C. will give D. is going to giving
　　( ) 11. He ________ in three days.
　　 A. coming back B. came back
C. will come back D. is going to coming back
　　( ) 12. If it ________ tomorrow, we'll go roller-skating.
　　 A. isn't rain B. won't rain C. doesn't rain D. doesn't fine
　　( ) 13. -- Will his parents go to see the film tomorrow?
　　 -- No, ________ （不去）.
　　 A. they willn't. B. they won't. C. they aren't. D. they don't.
　　( ) 14. Who ________ we ________ swimming with tomorrow afternoon?
　　 A. will; go B. do; go C. will; going D. shall; go
　　( ) 15. We ________ the work this way next time.
　　 A. do B. will do C. going to do D. will doing
　　( ) 16. Tomorrow he ___ a kite in the open air first, and then ____ boating in the park.
　　 A. will fly; will go B. will fly; goes C. is going to fly; will goes D. flies; will go
　　( ) 17. The day after tomorrow they ________ a basketball match.
A. will watch B. watches C. is watching D. is going to watch
　　( ) 18. They ________ an English evening next Sunday.
　　 A. are having B. are going to have
C. will having D. is going to have
　　( ) 19. ________ you ________ free next Sunday?
　　 A. Will; are B. Will; be C. Do; be D. Are; be

　　( ) 20. ________ your brother ________ a magazine from the library?
　　 A. Are; going to borrow B. Is; going to borrow
　　 C. Will; borrows D. Are; going to borrows
　　( ) 21. - Shall I come again tomorrow afternoon? -________ （好的）.
　　 A. Yes, please B. Yes, you will. C. No, please. D. No, you won't.　
　　( ) 22. ________ open the window?
　　 A. Will you please B. Please will you
C. You please D. Do you
　　( ) 23. - Let's go out to play football, shall we? - OK. I ________.
　　 A. will coming B. be going to come C. come D. am coming
　　( ) 24. It ________ us a long time to learn English well.
　　 A. takes B. will take C. spends D. will spend
　　( ) 25. The train ________ at 11.
A .going to arrive B. will be arrive C. is going to D. is arriving
二．根据要求改写句子或翻译句子。
1.He is going to the zoo this Friday.(改为否定句)
_____________________________________________________.
2.Lucy is going to watch TV after school.( 改为一般疑问句) .
_____________________________________________________?
3.There will be fewer trees in the future. （按下面的要求转换）
_____________________________________________________.(改为否定句)
_____________________________________________________(改为一般疑问句，并作肯定否定回答)
1.我打算明天和朋友去放风筝.
_____________________________________________________________________________
2.下个星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打篮球。
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
3.明天将会有一场英语比赛.
______________________________________________________________________________
4.我们要读这本书.
______________________________________________________________________________
5.他马上就来.
______________________________________________________________________________

5.过去进行时
一、概念：表示过去在某一时刻或某一段时间内正在发生或进行的动作或状态
1. 谓语的构成： 助动词 was (were) + 现在分词（V-ing）
肯定句： 主 + was/were + V-ing + 其他
否定句： 主 + was/were +not + V-ing + 其他
一般疑问句： Was/Were +主 + V-ing + 其他
特殊疑问句： 特殊疑问词 + was/were + 主 + V-ing + 其他
2. 过去进行时的用法
1） 表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。
常用的时间状语有：
this morning，the whole morning，all day，from nine to ten，this time yesterday，at that time,
at six o’clock last night, from six to ten等。例如：
This time yesterday，I was playing computer games with my brother．
昨天的这个时候，我在和我的弟弟玩电脑游戏。
My father was working in the study the whole morning．
我父亲整个早上都在书房工作。
2) 与一般过去时连用。
when引导的从句表示一个短暂的时间点，谓语用一般过去时，
while引导的句子表示一段持续的时间， 谓语用过去进行时。
注意：when引导的从句可以表示时间段，也可以表示时间点。
while引导的从句通常只能表示一个时间段，要用过去进行时。
例如：My son fell while he was riding his bike and hurt himself．
我儿子在骑车的时候摔倒了，并伤了自己。
When I got to the top of the mountain，the sun was shining．
当我到达山顶的时候，太阳正在高照。
另外when引导的从句放在主句后面时，常常表示“正好此时”， “突然” 的意思。
如：I was doing my homework when it began to rain.
3．过去进行时与一般过去时比较
1) 过去进行时表示在过去某个特定时间内正在进行的动作，强调动作的持续；
一般过去时表示过去曾经发生过某事，是个单纯的过去事件，一个结束了动作。
试比较：My brother was downloading some music yesterday afternoon.
我弟弟昨天下午在下载一些音乐。（昨天下午一直在下载，可能仍没结束）
My brother downloaded some music yesterday afternoon.
我弟弟昨天下午下载了一些音乐。（已下载完了）
2） 过去进行时可以表示在过去同一时间两个动作同时进行，用于对比。与之常用的时间副词有：while, as 而一般过去时没有这种用法。例如：
3） Paul was doing exercise while Susan was fixing the car.
当保罗做运动的时间，苏珊在修车。
As Tom was visiting Fuyang, Robert was teaching English classes in Beijing.
当汤姆在阜阳旅游的时候，罗伯特在北京教英语。

一.用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。
1．I ____________ (listen) to music at three o'clock last Friday.
2．John_____________ (do) his homework with his classmates at this time yesterday.
3．Mr.Wang was reading a report when I____________ (call) him.
4．I_____________ (go) to the park with my parents last weekend.
5．While I was sleeping，my parents____________ (make) breakfast.
6．___________ Mary ___________ (draw) a picture when the teacher came in?
7．Jack _____________ (not watch) TV at home at nine yesterday evening.
8．Her mother _____________(cook) while her father_______________(read) a newspaper.
9．Sally took a photo of her friends while they _____________(play) computer games.
10．I saw him in the library yesterday.He _____________ (read) a book at that moment.
11．John_____________（work） all day yesterday.
12．He ___________________(walk）home when the rain（begin）_____________.
13.—What______you______________(do）at ten o'clock yesterday﹖
—I___________（study）in class．
14．When Harry ___________（have） breakfast Lily _________________（telephone） him．
15．When I ________(go） to school this morning I __________（see）a car running into a bus．
16. This time yesterday Jack ________________ (mend) his bike.
17. I ___________________ (write) a letter at ten last night.
18. It was six. The Greens _______________(have) supper.
19. When you ___________(knock) at the door yesterday,I ____________(do) some washing.
20. While my mother ___________(watch)TV,I ____________(make) a kite.
二.用下列词的适当形式填空
    1. I __________________ (have) my breakfast at half past six yesterday morning.
    2. Mary______________ (go) over her lessons from six to seven last night. 
John and peter_________________ (do) the same thing.
    3. What________you__________(do) at that time? We_________________(watch) TV.
    4. Was your father at home yesterday evening? Yes ,he was. He_______________(listen) to the radio.
5. They_____________(not make) a model ship when I saw him.
    6. ______they______(have) a meeting at 4 yesterday afternoon?
No, they________. They_______________(clean) the classroom.
    7._________it________(rain) when you left school？Yes, it__________ . (No, it_______ )
8. What_________ your father__________(do) when he was your age?
    9.One day,Tom____________(wait) for a train to arrive,and suddenly a boy ran to the track(轨道) to play.
    10. When the bell rang,Jenny____________(wait) in her seat.
11. She__________(make) her dress the whole afternoon.
三.用过去进行时或一般过去时填空
1. A: What ________________ (you /do) when the phone ____________(ring)?
B; I _________________(watch) TV.
2. A: Was Jane busy when you went to see her?
B: Yes, she _____________________ (study).
3. A: What time ______________________________(the letter /arrive) this morning?
B: It ________________(come) while I ____________________(have) breakfast.
4. A: Was Tom at work yesterday?
B: No, he _______________________(not / go ) to work. He was ill.
5. A: How fast __________________(you / drive) when the police _____________________ (stop) you?
B: I don’t know but I ___________________ (not/drive) very fast.
6. A: _________________(your team / win) the football match yesterday?
B: No, the weather was very bad, so we _________________ .(not / play)
7. A: How ________________________(you / break) the window?
B: We _______________ (play) football. I ________(kick) the ball and it ________(hit) the window.
8. A: _____________________(you / see) Jenny last night?
B: Yes, she ________________(wear) a very nice jacket.
9. A: What _________________________(you/ do) at 8 o’clock this morning?
10. A: I ___________(lose) my key last night.
B: How _________________(you / get) into your room?
A: I ______________________(climb) in through a window.
11. Tom _____________(break) her arm last week. It____________(happen)when she ________________(paint) her room. She _______________(fall) off the ladder.(梯子)。
12. The train _________________(reach) the station and Sara______________(get) off. Two friends of hers __________________(wait) to meet her.
13. Yesterday Sue______(walk) along the road when she _______(meet) Jim. He _________(go) to the station to catch a train and he __________(carry) a bag. They stopped to talk for a few minutes.
14. What ________ Jack ____________(do) when the phone ____________(ring)?
15.It ______________________(not rain) when I _____________(get) up.




6.现在完成时
一.①过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果：强调结果
Yesterday I finished my homework, that’s to say, I have finished my homework now.
②过去已经开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态：强调继续
I have lived here since 1990.
二. 现在完成时的结构 have\has+过去分词
动词过去分词变化规则 规则变化
1.一般情况下,动词词尾加-ed,如：work—worked play—played want—wanted
2、 以不发音的-e结尾动词,动词词尾加-d,如：live—lived move—moved taste—tasted
3、以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,把y改成i,加 —ed,
如：study—studied try—tried copy—copied carry—carried
4、 重读闭音节动词,双写词尾辅音字母,再 加—ed,如：stop—stopped
不规则变化： read read read beat beat beaten run ran run meet met met
tell told told win won won hear heard heard
三.现在完成时的四个基本句型
肯定句 主语+have\has+过去分词+ 其他 He has finished the work.
否定句 主语+have\has+not+过去分词+其他 He has not finished the work.
一般疑问句 Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他?
肯定回答：Yes,I have.或Yes,she/he/人名 has.
否定回答：No,I haven't.或No，she/he/人名 hasn't.
Has he finished the work? Yes,he has No,he hasn’t.
特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他）
What has he done?
四. 在下列情形下用现在完成时
(1)九词语
①already已经 肯定句中或句尾
I have already found my pen. = I have found my pen already.
②yet已经 否定句和疑问句句尾
I have not finished the work yet. Have you bought a computer yet?
③ever曾经 句中 Have you ever seen pandas?
④never从不 句中 I have never been to Beijing.
⑤just刚刚 句中 I have just done my work.
⑥before以前 句尾 I have never been there before.
⑦so far到目前为止 So far he has learned 200 words.
⑧how long多久 How long have you lived here?
⑨how many times多少次 How many times has he been to Beijing?
(2)两词组
havegone to去了某地 He has gone to Fuyang. (去了阜阳，还没回来)
havebeen to去过某地 He has been to Fuyang. (去过阜阳，已经回来)
(3)两结构
for +一段时间 for two months Jim has lived here for 2 months.
since +过去时间点 since last year Lucy has been in Beijing since 3 years ago.
since +过去时态句子 since 3 years ago since 1990 since he came here
He has been in China since he came here.
(4).如果句子里面没有时间状语，汉语意思能够加“已经”，往往用现在完成时态。
Have you lost your library book? 你已经弄丢了从图书馆借的那本书吗？
5.在现在完成时中，一次性动词不能和一段时间状语连用
He has bought the book for 3 years.（错）
因buy这个一次性动词不能和一段时间for 3 years连用, 改正的办法有五种：
① He has bought the book.. (去掉一段时间for 3 years)
② He bought the book 3 years ago (改为一般过去时，使句子的意思不变)
③ It’s 3 years since he bought the book. （改为固定句型 It is ...since...）
= 3 years has passed since he bought the book.
④ He has had the book for 3 years. （用延续性动词have代替buy）
6.还有其他一次性动词也是这种情况，可参照前面的五种办法改正
①come/arrive/get to/reach → be here 例：I have come here for 3 years.（错）
改为：I have been here for 3 years.
②leave/go →be away 例：He has left for 3 hours.（错）
改为：He has been away for 3 hours.
③begin/start →be on 例：The film has begun for 3 minutes.（错）
改为：The film has been on for 3 minutes.
④open →be open / close → be closed 例： The shop has opened for 3 years.(错)
改为：The shop has been open for 3 years.
⑤die →be dead 例：The flower has died for 3 days.(错)
改为：The flower has been dead for 3 days.
⑥finish/end→ be over 例： He has finished the work for 3 days.(错)
改为：The work has been over for 3 days
⑦join →be in 例：I have joined the army for 3 years.（错）
改为：I have been in the army for 3 years.

⑧buy/catch → have 例：I have bought the bike for 3 years.（错）
改为：I have had the bike for 3 years.
⑨borrow → keep 例：I have borrowed the book for 3 years.（错）
改为：I have kept the book for 3 years.
还有其它的归纳如下：
break→be broken get up→be up marry→be married become→be lose→be lost
7. 延续性动词和非延续性动词
①延续性动词：表示的动作是能延续的，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久的影响。
learn\ work\ stand\ lie\ know\ walk\ keep\ have\ wait\ watch\ sing\ read\ sleep\
②非延续性动词：表示的动作不能延续，即动作发生后立即结束，产生某种结果。在有了某种结果后，动作就不能再继续下去。
leave\ start\ set out\ arrive\ reach\ get to\ begin\ stop\ shut\ turn off\ marry\
一、单项选择。
( )1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _________what's happened to him .
　　 Ａ. knew Ｂ. have known Ｃ. must know Ｄ.will know
( )2、He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ?
Ａ. already Ｂ.never Ｃ.ever Ｄ. still
( ) 3、Have you met Mr Li ______？
　　 Ａ. just Ｂ. ago Ｃ.before Ｄ. a moment ago
( )4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year .
　　 Ａ. is writing Ｂ.was writing Ｃ.wrote Ｄ.has written
( )5、—Our country ______ a lot so far .
　　　—Yes . I hope it will be even ______ .
　　 Ａ. has changed ; well Ｂ. changed ; good
　　 Ｃ. has changed ; better Ｄ. changed ; better
( )6、Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years .
　　 Ａ. was ; studying Ｂ. will ; study Ｃ. has ; studied Ｄ. are ; studying
( )7、We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .
　　 Ａ. know Ｂ. had known Ｃ. have known Ｄ. knew
( )8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_______ it twice .
　　 Ａ. will see Ｂ. have seen Ｃ. saw Ｄ.see
( )9、—These farmers have been to the United States .
　　 —Really ? When _____ there ?
　　 Ａ. will they go Ｂ. did they go Ｃ. do they go Ｄ. have they gone
( )10、—______ you ___ your homework yet ?
　　 —Yes . I _____ it a moment ago .
　　 Ａ. Did ; do ; finished Ｂ. Have ; done ; finished
　　 Ｃ. Have ; done ; have finished Ｄ. will ; do ; finish
( )11、His father ______ the factory since 1978 .
　　 Ａ. joined Ｂ. has joined Ｃ. was in Ｄ. has been in

( )12、—Do you know him well ?
　 　—Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago .
　　 Ａ. were Ｂ. have been Ｃ. have become Ｄ. have made
( )13、—How long have you ____ here ? —About two months .
　　 Ａ. been Ｂ. gone Ｃ. come Ｄ. arrived
( )14、Hurry up! The movie __________ for ten minutes .
　　 Ａ. has begun Ｂ. had begun Ｃ. has been on Ｄ. began
( )15、It _____ ten years since he left the army .
　　 Ａ. is Ｂ. has Ｃ. will Ｄ. was
( )16、Miss Green isn't in the office . she_______ to the library .
　　 Ａ.has gone Ｂ. went Ｃ.will go Ｄ. has been
( )17、My parents ______ Fuyang for ten years .
　　 Ａ. have been in Ｂ. have been to Ｃ. have gone to Ｄ. have been
( )18、The students have cleaned the classroom,_______?
A. so they B. don’t they C. have they D. haven’t they
( )19、______has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he _______to China?
A. How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came D. How far, arrived
( )20、His uncle ________for more than 9 years.
A. has come here B. has started to work C. has lived there D. has left the university
二、 句型转换。
2、They have been here since 2000. (对划线部分提问)
__________ __________ have they been here?
3、The old man _________ last year. He_________________for a year. (die) （动词填空）
4、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同义句转换)
This factory______________________ for twenty years.
5、Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同义句转换)
Miss Gao ________ _______ ________ ________ an hour ago.
6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同义句转换）
　 Her mother ____________ the Party member three years _____________ .
7、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同义句转换)
_____________ two years ______________ the Green family moved to France.
8、The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. (把两个句子合并成一个句子)
____________________________________________________________________
三、汉译英。
1.吉姆已做完作业。 ____________________________________________________
2.他昨天收到一封信。 __________________________________________________
3.我父亲以前到过长城。 ________________________________________________
4.她还没有看过那部新电影。_____________________________________________
5.她去过阜阳。 ________________________________________________________


过去完成时
概念：过去完成时表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作。它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”。表示过去某一时间可用by, before等构成的短语，也可用when, before等引导的从句或通过上下文提示等。
By the time he was twelve, Edison had begun to make a living by himself.
12岁时，爱迪生就开始自己谋生。
1. 过去完成时的构成
1）过去完成时基本构成形式: had +过去分词。
We had reached the top of the hill before midnight. 
在半夜之前我们已登上了山顶。
2）过去完成时的否定形式: had + not + 过去分词。
They hadn’t finished the work when we got there.
我们到那儿时,他们还没有完成工作。
3）过去完成时的一般疑问句及其回答形式:
疑问句要把had提到句首；回答用Yes, 主语+ had. / No, 主语+ hadn’t.
   —Had he told you to go there earlier yesterday? 他昨天告诉过你早点儿到那儿吗?
   —Yes, he had. (No, he hadn’t.) 是的,他告诉了。(不,他没有。)
注意：had not 常简略为hadn't。
2. 过去完成时的用法
过去完成时的主要用法和现在完成时一样。不同的是，过去完成时把时间推移到了过去某一时间之前，与现在无关。
1）过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已经完成了的动作。
When we got to the cinema, the film had already begun.当我们到达电影院时，电影已经开始了。
He told me that he had visited the Great Wall before.他告诉我他以前参观过长城。
2）表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始，一直延续到过去的这一时间，而且还可能继续下去的动作，常和for, since构成的短语或引导的从句连用。
By the time I left the school, he had taught the class for 3 years.
到我毕业时，他已经教那个班三年了。
3）放在said，told，asked，thought，wondered等过去时动词的后面，表示在这些动作发生之前已经发生了的事情。
My friend told me that he had passed the exam.我的朋友告诉我，他已通过了考试。
He asked me whether I had seen the film the night before.他问我前一天晚上是否看过那部电影。
【拓展】
1）用在“It was the first/second/third…time that…”句型中。
在此句型中，主句用了一般过去时，that引导的定语从句要用过去完成时。
This was the first time they had met in thirty-nine years. 这是三十九年后他们第一次见面。
It was the first time we had spoken together. 这是我们第一次在一起说话。
2）当before , after, as soon as 等引导的从句里的动作与主句的动作紧密衔接时，由于这些连词本身已经说明了两个动作发生的先后关系，因此两个动作均可用一般过去时表示。
We had breakfast after we did morning exercises. 做完早操之后，我们吃早饭。
The train started to move just before we reached the station. 我们到车站时火车刚开动。
As soon as they got there, they started to study.他们一到那里就开始学习了。


I. 单项选择。
( )1. Tom was disappointed that most of the friends ______ when he ______ at the party.
A. left，had arrived   B. left，arrived  
C. had left，had arrived   D. had left，arrived
( )2. We ______ four thousand new words by the end of last year.
A. had learned B. have learned   C. learned   D. will have learned
( )3. The pen I ______ I ______ is on my desk.
A. think，lost B. thought，had lost 
C. think，had lost D. thought，have lost  
( )4. —Did you see Mr. Smith when you were in France？
  —No, when I _____ France, he ______ to China.
A. had arrived, had gone B. arrived to, went
C. got to, had gone D. had got to, would go
( )5. Tom ______ the letter before her mother came into her bedroom.
A. had written        B. was written C. has written       D. is writing
( )6．—I have bought you the books you want．　
　  —Oh，good，I ＿＿＿ afraid you had forgotten．　
A．was 　　　　B．am 　　　C．had been 　　　D．have been
( )7．—Why didn't Tom attend the meeting yesterday？
—He ＿＿＿＿ Beijing．　
A．has gone to 　　　B．had gone to 　  C．went to 　　　D．had　been to
( )8．The bus had gone when I ＿＿＿＿ at the bus stop．　
　 　A．have arrived 　　 B．arrived 　　　 C．had arrived 　　D．am arriving　
( )9. The police found that the house _______and a lot of things_________.
A. has broken into, has been stolen　  B. had been broken into, had been stolen
C. has been broken into, stolen　　　  D. had been broken into, stolen
( )10. We _________the work by six yesterday evening.
A. finished　 　　　B. would finish　　 C. had finished　 　D. had been finished
( )11. By the end of last week, she _______ China for two months helping the homeless children.
A. will stay B. has stayed C. would stay D. had stayed
( )12. When I got to the cinema, the film________ for 15 minutes.
A. have begun B. had begun C. has been on D. had been on
( )13. My parents __________ supper before I got home last night.
A. had B. have had C. had had
II. 用所给动词的正确形式填空。
1. Mary _______ already ________(try) the dress on before she bought it.
2. I was surprised to find that all my classmates _______(go) to the lab when I ______(get) to the classroom.
3. When she ___________ (finish) her work in the office, Mrs. Smith left.
4. Mr. Feng ___________ (teach) Lesson 2 by the end of last week.
5. Mr. Smith _________(live) in Europe for fifteen years before he _________(go) to Australia.
6. By ten yesterday evening, she ___________(finish) writing.
7._________you ever___________(read) his new novel?
8. She asked if Mr. Liu ___________already____________(leave).
9. It ____________ (stop) raining when I woke up this morning.
10. When he __________(come) to China two years ago, he found people didn’t understand him at all though he ___________(learn )some Chinese in his own country.
III. 根据汉语提示完成下列句子。
1. 到了六点钟为止，他们已经工作了八小时了。
By six o’clock they ____________ (work)for eight hours.
2. 我到广州时，他在那里很长时间了。
When I came to GuangZhou, he _____________(be) there for a long time.
3.到上个月中旬我们在北京住了有五年时间了。
By the middle of last month we ______________(live) in Beijing for five years.
4. 到昨晚上，他已写完那封信。
By yesterday evening he ___________ (write) that letter.
5. 他说他以前见过你。
He said that he ____________(see) you before.
6. 当我进来时，他已做完了作业。
When I came in he ________________(finish) his homework.
7. 他告诉我说他们队已经赢了。
He told me that his team _________ already ___________ (win).
8. 她说她仍没去过长城。
She said that she _______________(not go to) the Great Wall yet.