上海市黄浦区2021-2022学年高三上学期一模英语试题

黄浦区2021学年度第一学期高三年级期终调研测试

英语试卷

Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary

Section A

Directions：After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Do Animals Dream?

You can’t see your sleeping pet’s bran waves, but its behavior can tell you when Fido or Fluffy might be dreaming. If you watch clock you’ll see that as your cat falls asleep, her breathing becomes slow and regular and her body still. She has entered the first stage of sleep. ___21___（call）slow-wave sleep. After about 15 minutes you’ll notice a change ___22___ her eyes move under her closed lids. Fluffy has entered the REM（Rapid Eye Movement），or dreaming, stage of sleep. Although she moves and makes little grunting noises, messages from her brain to the large muscles in her legs ___23___（block），so she can’t run about.
 Back in 1963, Michel Jouvet, French scientist who was studying steep in cats ___24___（interrupt）their

Sleep paralysis, the state of being unable to act or function properly. ___25___ ______ they were completely  asleep, the dreaming cats began to chase balls that Jouvet couldn’t see and bent their backs at invisible enemies. He figures he was watching them act out their dreams!

What were they dreaming about? Mostly, the dreaming cats seemed ___26___（practise）important cat skills: stalking, pouncing, and fighting.

In ___27___ study, Mat Wilson, a neuroscientist, recorded rats’ brain waves while they learned mazes（迷宫）. One day, he left the brain-wave-recording machine on while the rats fell asleep. The pattern of brain waves in the sleeping rats matched the pattern from the maze so closely that Wilson could locate exactly which part of the maze each rat was dreaming about!

Many researchers now think that in both people and animals, one purpose of dreams is to practise important skills and nail down recent learning. This may explain why so many people dream about fighting and escaping, skills ___28___ were probably vitally important to our ancestors, and why dreaming affects our ability to learn.

Do all animals dream? From looking at the brain waves of sleeping animals, scientists think that all mammals dream, such as humans, dogs, lions, and whales, but fish ___29___ not.（They’re not sure about birds.）

How often animals dream seems to be tied to body size. Cats dream about every 15 minutes, mice every 9 minutes, and elephants every 2 hours. And though cows and horses usually sleep standing up, they only dream when ___30___（lie）down.

Section B

Directions：Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

Why Doubt Is Essential To Science

The confidence people place in science is frequently based not on what it really is, but on what people would like it to be. When I asked students at the beginning of the year how they would define science, many of them replied that it is a(n) ___31___ way of discovering certainties about the world. But science cannot provide certainties. For example, a majority of Americans trust science as long as it does not challenge their ___32___ beliefs. To the question“When science disagrees with the teachings of your religion, which one do you believe?”58 percent of North Americans favor religion; 33 percent science; and 6 percent say“it depends”.

But doubt in science is a feature, not a bug. Indeed, science, when properly ___33___, questions accepted facts and leads to both new knowledge and new questions—not certainty. Doubt does not ___34___ trust, nor does it help public understanding. So why should people trust a process that seems to require a troublesome state of uncertainty without always providing solid solutions?

As a historian of science, I would argue that it’s the responsibility of scientists and historians of science to show that the real power of science lies precisely in what is often ___35___ as its weakness: its drive to question and challenge a possible explanation. Indeed, the scientific approach requires changing our understanding of the natural world whenever new ___36___ emerges from either experimentation or observation. Scientific findings are hypotheses that contain the state of knowledge at a given moment. In the long run, many of are challenged and even overturned. Doubt might be troubling, but it stimulates us towards a better understanding, certainties, as ___37___ as they may seem, in fact block the scientific process.

Scientists understand this, but in the ___38___ force between the public and science, there are two significant traps. One is a form of blind ___39___ that is, a belief in the capacity of science to solve all problems. And the other is a form of relativism borne out of a lack of ___40___ in the very existence of truth.

Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension

Section A

Directions：For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

This era of“Industry 4.0”is being driven by the same technological advances that enable the capabilities of the smartphones in our pockets. It is a mix of low-cost and high-power computers, high-speed communication and artificial intelligence. This will produce smarter robots with better sensing and communication abilities that can ___41___ different tasks, and even adjust their work to meet demand without the input of humans.

In the manufacturing industry, where robots have arguably made the most headway of any division, this will mean a(n) ___42___ shift from centralized to decentralized cooperative production. ___43___ robots focused on single, fixed, high-speed operations and required a highly skilled human workforce to operate and maintain them. Industry 4.0 machines are flexible, cooperative and can operate more independently, which ___44___ removes the need for a highly skilled workforce.

For large-scale manufacturers, Industry 4.0 means their robots will be able to sense their environment and communicate in an industrial network that can be run and ___45___ remotely. Each machine will produce large amounts of data that can be ___46___ studied using what is known as“big data”analysis. This will help ___47___ ways to improve operating performance and production quality across the whole plant, for example by better predicting when repairing is needed and automatically ___48___ it.

For ___49___ manufacturing business, Industry 4.0 will make it cheaper and easier to use robots. It will create machines that can be rearranged to perform ___50___ jobs and adjusted to work on a more diverse product range and different production volumes. This part is already beginning to benefit from robots designed to cooperate with human workers and analyse their own work to look for ___51___.

While these machines are getting smarter, they are still not as smart as us. Today’s industrial artificial intelligence operates at a ___52___ level, which gives the appearance of human intelligence exhibited by machines, but designed by humans.

What’s coming next is known as“deep learning”. Similar to big data analysis, it involves processing large quantities of data in real time to ___53___ what is the best action to take. The ___54___ is that the machine learns from the data so it can improve its decision making. A perfect example of deep learning was ___55___ by Google’s AlphaGo software, which taught itself to beat the world’s greatest Go players.

41. A. compare with  B. adapt to   C. pick out    D. hold on

42. A. extensive   B. accidental   C. convenient    D. dramatic

43. A. Traditional   B. Removable    C. Fashionable    D. Potential

44. A. temporarily   B. thoroughly    C. eventually    D. initially

45. A. arranged   B. evaluated    C. monitored    D. composed

46. A. gradually   B. collectively    C. similarly    D. approximately

47. A. identify    B. reserve    C. exploit     D. indicate

48. A. dominating   B. imposing    C. eliminating    D. scheduling

49. A. high-speed   B. mass-produced   C. small-to-medium  D. multi-cultural

50. A. multiple   B. feasible    C. profitable    D. independent

51. A. promotions   B. improvements   C. highlights    D. resolutions

52. A. separate    B. peculiar    C. narrow     D. mysterious

53. A. come up with  B. account for    C. give way to    D. make decisions about

54. A. difference    B. commission   C. phenomenon   D. expectation

55. A. introduced   B. described    C. prepared    D. demonstrated

Section B

Directions：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

（A）

For thousands of years, the most important two buildings in any British village have been the church and the pub. In fact, until a place has a church and a pub, it is not really considered a community worthy of a name. Traditionally, the church and the pub are at the heart of any village or town, since it is where the people gather to socialize and exchange news. They are institutions at the heart of British society. After all, the word‘pub’is actually short for‘public house’.

As a result, British pubs are often old and well preserved. Many of them have become historic sites that tourists visit. One of the most famous examples is the pub in the city of Nottingham called‘Ye Olde Trip to Jerusalem’，which dates back to the year AD 1189 and is probably the oldest pub in England. It was the same year in which King Richard the First came into power, who led the First Crusade into the Holy Land, towards Jerusalem.

Many British pubs have old names referring to governors, such as The King’s Head or The Queen Victoria, but of course this doesn’t mean they are only for kings and queens. Pubs have always welcomed people from all classes and parts of society. On a cold night, the pub’s landlord or landlady can always find a warm place for you by the fire. There is always honest and hearty food and plenty of drink available at an affordable price.

That’s how it used to be, but there are worrying signs that things are beginning to change. Economic downturns, governmental financial measure, and cultural changes are causing many pubs to go out of business. People do not have a lot of spare money to spend on beer. On top of that, in 2007 smoking was banned in all public indoor spaces, including pubs, which may also have affected the members of customers going to pubs since then.

This decline is happening despite the fact that pubs are now allowed by law to stay open after 11 pm. Previously, with 11 pm as closing time, customers would have to drink quite quickly, meaning they sometimes got more drunk than they would if allowed to drink slowly. This British habit of drinking is known as‘binge drinking’，and it causes long-term health problems for individuals and problems with violent crime for communities. The UK government is trying to find ways of discouraging binge drinking, and regularly spends money on television commercials to warn people of the problems of drinking too much.

56. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

 A. British pubs are preserved well mainly to attract tourists from all of the world.

 B. British pubs are quite popular and accessible to people from all walks of life.

 C. Most British pubs are going out of business because of economic and cultural bans.

 D. Most British pubs have to shut down to adjust themselves to meet the smoking ban.

57. Why did the UK government allow pubs to stay open after 11 pm?

 A. To stimulate customers to spend more on drinks.

 B. To help British pubs survive economic downturns.

 C. To encourage more sensible ways of drinking in pubs.

 D. To get rid of violent crime in most part of Britain.

58. The term“binge drinking”in paragraph 5 would be most likely to describe ____.

 A. drinking too much and too quickly     B. social problems related to British pubs

 C. a new long term drinking approach     D. problems caused by drinking too much

59. What will most probably be covered in the paragraph that follows the last in the passage?

 A. Different methods to welcome new customers to pubs.

 B. Various advertisements encouraging people to quit drinking.

 C. The campaigns and strategies to support the traditional pubs.

 D. Trends of migrating back from the modern wine bars to old ones.

（B）

           Online registration is capped at 40 for each event. RSVP: http:// shpas012121. wanshe.cn

           The discussion will be conducted in English.

60. Which of the following is NOT TRUE about the first event?

 A. William Denham will share his artistic hobby with the participants.

 B. The participants will explore various forms of personal self-expression.

 C. Drawing or cartooning experience isn’t a must for the participants.

 D. The participants will be provided with essential drawing tools.

61. What can we infer from the coming series?

 A. The story of Willie O’ Ree is neither inspiring nor entertaining.

 B. The Yellow Wallpaper tells a horrible story revealing global emergency.

 C. Those who haven’t registered online are also welcome to the events.

 D. Applicants had better have a good command of English.

62. Which of the following is the most possible theme of the series introduced in the passage?

 A. Arts and literature       B. Books and films

 C. Entertainment and interaction     D. Heroes and achievements

（C）

Ellen Weiss can hardly see. David Schmitt can barely hear. Are they typical victims of aging’s cruelest blows? Not really. Weiss is actually a fresh resident doctor in family practice, age 30, and Schmitt a medical student, 26. They have been assigned roles, ages and particular illnesses as an innovative part of their medical training.

Introduced in only a few medical centers so far, such role playing is designed to expose doctors to the pains endured by the patients. It is just one of several techniques being tried at medical schools and hospitals in an attempt to deal with the most universal complaint about doctors: lack of sympathy.“Residents are usually young and healthy,” says Dr. Stephen Brunton.“They’ve not really had a chance to understand what patients go through.”

Role-playing programs give them a crash course. At Hunterdon, students’ faces are instantly aged with cornflour and make up. Next the disabilities are laid on: gloves cripple fingers, and peas inside shoes prevent walking. Then the erasatz invalids are asked to perform common tasks: purchasing medication at the drugstore, undressing for X rays, filling out a Medicare form and, most awkward, using the bathroom themselves.

At long Beach, new residents assume made-up illnesses and check into the hospital for an overnight stay. The staff treats them as they would any other patient, even sending them a bill. The entire entering class of medical students at the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences are issued bedpans and told to use them. Some are even subjected to an indignity: spending most part of the first day of school as people with disabilities.

Instant patients usually start out activated and joking.“But by the end of a few hours, most says,‘I’m exhausted,’” observes nurse Linda Bryant at Hunterdon. Schmitt discovered that“a major accomplishment was doing up my collar.”And, to his surprise,“I wound up hating physicians who didn’t realize how much medication would cost and how hard it was to go and pick it up.”Weiss also learnt：“I realized how little I talk to patients. I might ask them about chest pains but not‘Can you get dressed, eat OK, take your medicine?’”Jeffrey Ortiz thought he was in for a quiet rest when he was sent to the intensive care unit, suffering from“chest pains.”Instead he spent a sleepless night:“People were coming in to to labs, the man in the next bed was groaning, and the heart monitor was bleeping, which was noisy and scary.”

Any patient could have told him so, but many educators believe the direct experience of such miseries will leave an enduring sense of sympathy. Doctors have long defended taking a cool, dispassionate approach to patient care, arguing that it helps preserve objective judgment and protect against burnout. But critics disagree.“By concentrating on symptoms and lab data, we ignore a wealth of information that can affect patients’ well-being,”observes Dr. Simon Auster at the Uniformed Services medical school.

63. According to the passage, the role-playing programme is designed ____.

 A. as an innovative part in the local community

 B. as part of the play the residents have to watch

 C. to help doctors understand the pains endured by the patients

 D. to expose students to school facilities in a vivid way

64. What does the phrase“the ersatz invalids”in paragraph 3 refer to?

 A. Local patients who usually start out activated and joking.

 B. Students who make up their faces to look aged.

 C. Doctors who perform common tasks that may not occur in real hospitals.

 D. Customers who purchase medications and undress for X rays with the help of students.

65. The instant patients may feel most embarrassed when they ____.

 A. fill in a Medicare table

 B. are using the washroom on their own

 C. are issued bedpans and told to try them

 D. meet with someone they know well

66. What can be concluded according to the passage?

 A. Residents should always take a cool approach without sympathy to patient care in their job.

 B. Doctors ought to be completely independent from the symptoms and the previous lab data.

 C. Doctors may ignore information influencing the patients’ health only by focusing on symptoms.

 D. Experience in role-playing programs won’t help the new doctors preserve objective judgement.

Section C

Directions：Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

Social Integration—Welcoming the Newcomers

Social integration is the process through which minority groups interact, come together or are incorporated within a community. Increased social integration helps reduce conflict and tension in society, and it can help the new migrants feel more connected to their new community. How do different groups remain relatively cohesive in society?

A few countries around the world have adopted integrated frameworks for their economic, social, political and cultural policies with regard to accepting these migrants into the local society. ___67___ This is to allow them to achieve their full potential in life. There are still ongoing efforts to integrate different cultures and races, and the governments have encouraged their immigrants to take an active part in social, cultural, economic and political activities.

Integration takes place in neighbourhoods, work places, schools and public places where people from diverse backgrounds spend most of their time. ___68___ Especially among the younger children, being in the same class as their foreign counterparts will teach the local children the meaning of tolerance and empathy. Participation in sports, community engagement and volunteer work are also other possible ways that eliminate discrimination and other forms of intolerance. From participating in arts programmes to being parent volunteers in school, these platforms provide opportunities for people to interact and work towards a common cause. Sports programmes have also been used to encourage social integration. In fact, sport can strengthen social networks and promote non-violence and respect. In these ways, meaningful relationships among those of different ages, racial groups or faiths are built on the basis of common interests.

___69___ Still, countries have also acknowledged that human movement across borders cannot be stopped. Instead, it should be better managed so that migration is safe, legal and beneficial for everyone. ___70___ Indeed the government and local communities play a key role in integrating these newcomers and empowering them to contribute to their new communities, while maintain their identities.

Ⅳ. Summary Writing

71. Directions：Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.

Seniority in Promotion Is Not Wise Business Practice

  It’s not always an easy decision for companies when it comes to filling managerial spots. In the past, promoting

an employee has been popularly handled by means of basic analysis of the employees’ past performance and

seniority. In some case, the individual’s performance has been considered more important while in others the amount

of time they have been with the company has been the deciding factor. Nevertheless, seniority is a standard that has

never been left out. However, in the contemporary business world, the importance of seniority in promotion is being

destroyed as a growing number of companies look outside of their organizations when trying to fill top managerial

spots.

  Unlike experienced employees who have been with the company for a long time, new people are more likely to

Generate creative ideas. In rapidly changing markets, innovative and creative talents are sough by many companies

in order to adapt to the market. To meet their needs, companies have more to gain by selecting outside employees

since they are more willing to try new techniques and less afraid of breaking tradition when introducing new ideas.

Thus, rather than promoting existing employees, it might be a wiser management decision to bring in outside talent.

   An additional advantage to this new system is that it prevents employees from feeling that they only need to

wait for their seniority to provide them with a promotion. Simply put, no matter how long they have been with the

company, employees have to contribute diligently to the organization if they want to move up the career ladder. As

soon as people realize that the company could just as easily bring in a new person, employees will stop judging

themselves against each other because they are no longer competing against their colleagues but everyone in the

entire industry. As a result, they will begin to show more effort to bring the level of their work up to what they

imagine is a much higher standard.

第 Ⅱ 卷

Ⅴ. Translation

Directions：Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.

72. 必须采取有效措施以防止病毒扩散（prevent）

73. 事实证明，能坚持理想的人往往更容易取得成功（There）

74. 教师们不遗余力推进素质教育，旨在培养学生的创新精神和实践能力（effort）

75. 随着时代的进步，许多往日被视为奢侈品的电子产品，已成为大众消费得起的日用品（that）

Ⅵ. 76. Guided Writing

Directions：Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.

假设你是启明中学高三学生李华，你的朋友Bill发邮件告诉你他正在和同学一起筹划明年暑假的毕业旅行，

已设计了两个初步方案（具体如下），但选择哪个方案更合适尚未定夺，他想听取你的建议，请给Bill回复

一封邮件，在邮件中你必须：

1）推荐其中一个方案；

2）通过比较两个方案的信息，说明你推荐该方案的理由

参考答案

Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension

1-5  DCBBC    6-10  CADBC

11-13 BCD    14-16  CBC   17-20  DCAB

Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary

Section A

21. called  22. that  23. are blocked  24. Interrupted  25. Even though

26. to be practicing  27. Another  28. that/which  29. do/may  30. Lying

Section B

31. D  32. J  33. H  34. A  35. G  36. F  37. B  38. C  39. K  40. E

Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension

Section A

41. B  42. D  43. A  44. C  45. C  46. B  47. A   48. D  49. C  50. A

51. B  52. C  53. D  54. A  55. D

Section B

56-59  BCAC   60-62 DDA    63-66 CBBC

Section C

67-70  DBAE

Ⅳ. Summary Writing

71. Nowadays. More companies prefer to select outside employees in promotion instead of considering employees’ past performance and seniority mainly for two reasons/advantages. One is that outside employees are more likely to produce creative ideas, which helps companies adapt to the market. The other is that is stops employees thinking their seniority guarantees a promotion, which helps enhancing employees’ work level.（59 words）

Ⅴ. Translation

72. Effective measures must be taken to prevent the spread of the virus.

73. There is evidence that those who can stick to their ambitions/dreams are more likely to succeed.

74. Teachers spare no efforts to promote the quality-oriented education, cultivating students’ spirit of innovation and practical abilities.

75. With the advancement of times, many electronic devices that were regarded as luxury possessions has been turned into affordable commodities/daily goods/ daily necessities the general public use.

Ⅵ. Guided Writing

Omitted.