高考英语语法填空题型分析及解题指导课件
展开以语篇为载体,考查学生的语法和词汇知识。
“语法填空”的考点主要涉及:①句子的构成成分②句子成分之间的一致性③句子的篇章制约④句子的意义制约
有32个人目睹了Kitty死在他们的窗下。作为邻居,却无人施救,也无人报警。Jhn和Bib赶到事发场透过新闻进一步调查他们不施救的原因。结果发现人们施救前要先完成两个步骤: 1.他必须注意到情况紧急。 2.也是更重要的,面对紧急情况的人必须意识到自身的责任。他必须意识到他应该去拯救,否则,(需要救援的)人就不会得到他所需要的救助。
Grammar Clze Test One
Read carefully fr a secnd time and put the prper wrds.(4minutes)
填空的依据是语境所要求的“语义”(已给出词语的除外)及句子结构所要求的“语法”形式。
Thirty-tw peple watched Kitty Genvese 1 (kill) right belw their windws. She was 2 neighbr. Yet 3 f the 32 helped her. Nt ne even called the plice. Jhn Barley and Bib Fatane went beynd the headlines t research int the reasns 4 peple didn’t act. They
fund that a persn has t g thrugh tw steps 5 he can help. First he has t ntice that it is 6 emergency. Is the smke cming int the rm 7 a leak in the air cnditining? Is it “steam pipes”? Or is it really smke frm a fire? It’s nt always easy t tell if yu are faced with a real emergency. Secnd, and 8
imprtantly, the persn faced with an emergency must feel persnally 9 (respnsibility). He must feel that he must help, 10 the persn wn’t get the help he needs.
在做题过程中,要时时联系上下文,从语篇中去判断空格处应填哪个单词。
1、如果空格后是名词(尤其是单数名词),就应该考虑空格处是否需要填冠词(a, an, the)、物主代词(my, yur, his等)、指示代词(this, that等)、不定代词(few, little, many, much, all, each, every, bth, neither, ther等)、名词所有格或形容词等进行修饰。
2、相反,如果空格是在冠词、物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格或形容词之后,则应考虑填名词。但不要忘记,要考虑名词是否变复数,是否有所有格形式等。
3. 1) 填动词。一定要考虑动词的时态和语态,所以动词形式的变化也是必不可少的。
如果空格前是助动词(will, shall等)、情态动词(can, may, must等)或是动词加t的形式,则空格一定是 。
如果空格前是have的各种形式,则想到构成 。
如果空格前是be的各种形式,则想到用 。
3. 2)考查非谓语动词,包括V-ing形式、V-ed形式和动词不定式。
如果与中心词是主动关系, ;
如果与中心词是被动关系, ;
动词不定式t d表示将来。
4. 空格处还有可能是系表结构,一般填形容词形式。
形容词要根据上下文来确定意思,进而确定用哪个单词;
有时也可以根据前后介词的搭配来确定;
有时括号里会给出这个单词的其他形式,让你填出形容词的形式。
介词可位于名词之前。如at night, n Sunday等;
也可位于形容词之后,如be interested in, be gd at等;
还可位于不及物动词之后,如listen t, arrive at, lk fr等。
6. 从句子结构考虑,如果空格前后都有句子,则要根据上下文的逻辑关系,选择适当的副词或连词。
because, fr since等;
s, therefre, hence, thus等;
further, furthermre, mrever, in additin等;
but, nevertheless, hwever, yet, while, althugh, thugh, actually, practically等。
7、当句中主、谓、宾成分都不缺少时,则应考虑是否缺少副词来修饰动词、形容词或整个句子。
常见的副词有:always, usually, never, smetimes, nt, hard, quite, very, still, almst, already等。
8、从语境考虑,有时需要用情态动词表示特定的语气或感情。
9、填引导词 如果一个句子中含有多个谓语或多个主谓结构,应该从句子的意义去判断这一句是否含并列谓语,或含非谓语动词结构,或是属于复合句;如果是复合句,一般要考虑该填什么引导词。
10、要熟记一些固定搭配,习惯用语。
这是一篇小故事。伦敦多雾。人们常因此而上班迟到。一个办公室门口放了一个本子供员工们签到。九点钟以后就算迟到,必须注明迟到原因。通常第一个迟到的人就写“因雾而耽搁”,后边到的员工只是写“同上”。有一天,第一位迟到的人写了“我太太大清早生了个宝贝”。结果后面迟到的二三十员工也都写上了“同上”。
Grammar Clze Test Tw
At the entrance 1 a big ffice in Lndn there was a bk 2 all emplyees had t sign 3 they arrived each mrning. At nine ’clck, the manager’s secretary, wh lived in a small flat abve the ffice, had t 4 a red line under the last name in the bk, and anyne wh came after that had t explain 5 he was late.
(when they arrived each mrning).
6 there was a thick fg in the city, the first persn 7 (arrive) late usually wrte “Delayed by fg” under the red line in the bk, and then everybdy 8 wh came after that just put “ditt” underneath. But ne fggy mrning, the first man wh arrived late wrte “My wife had a baby early this mrning”
the first persn
wh arrive /arriving(错)
9 f “delayed by fg” under the red line in the bk. Twenty r thirty peple wh 10 (动词短语) him put “ditt” underneath this as usual.
1.词汇学习过程中要注意把握词性。
2.要熟知语法,巧记语法规则。
3.要多进行语境化和语篇化填空练习,培 养和提高语法、词汇的活用能力。
4.利用完形填空题训练答题的能力,在 做完形填空练习题时,先不要看答案 进行填空练习,再参考考项验证答案。
这是一篇记叙文。Mrs. Trench和丈夫都不抽烟,而她在门阶上发现烟灰,就觉得奇怪。她进屋发现一男子在屋里熟睡,就马上去报警。等她同警察一起到家里时,小偷已将她几乎一文不值的赝品钻石项链偷走了。
Grammar Clze Test Three
As 1 she nr her husband smked, Mrs. Trench was surprised t see cigarette ash n her drstep as she entered the huse. When she pened the living-rm dr, she was astnished t see a strange man fast 2 in an armchair! Taking care nt t disturb him, Mrs. Trench left the huse immediately. She
called a taxi and went straight t the plice statin. When she gt there, she lst n time t explain 3 had happened and added that the man 4 have gt int the huse 5 an pen windw. Mrs. Trench returned hme 6 a plice car tgether with tw plicemen. But it
must have dne句型, 表示Mrs. Trench对过去的事情进行较肯定的推测。
was t late: the man had disappeared. 7 (hurry) upstairs, she went t her dressing-table. She smiled 8 relief when she saw that the nly thing the man had taken was an imitatin diamnd necklace 9 was almst 10 !
Hurrying 逗号后面是主谓结构,句子的主要部分。前面用hurry的现在分词形式作时间状语,因为she和hurry是主谓关系。
时时联系上下文, 根据语境所要求的“语义”(已给出词语的除外)及句子结构所要求的“语法”形式。只要按照这两个“风向标”来填空,就不会有错。
1.Review the methd we learned tday. 2.Finish the exercises n the paper.
1.being killed watch sb.(d/ding/dne)的结构 kill是及物动词,其后没有宾语,说明它 与前面的构成被动关系,故应该用被动形式,即killed 或being killed。 而watch一词往往强调“观看”事情发生的经过,故用被动式的进行式更合适。
Thirty-tw peple watched Kitty Genvese 1 (kill) right belw their windws.
2.their 此句很简单。她是谁的邻居?从第一句中关于Kitty死在他们窗下的描写可知填their。
…(kill) right belw their windws. She was 2 neighbr.
3.nne 在句首的Yet,常作“然而,可是”解,表示语义的转折。 作为邻居,理应救她,“(然而)”,32人中竟无一人施救,所以应填“没有人”— nne, n ne, nbdy。 由于空格后有f the 32 helped her,根据语法原则,n ne, nbdy 后均不能接f短语,故填nne。
Yet 3 f the 32 helped her. Nt ne even called the plice.
4.why 不难看出,这里定语从句中缺少原因状语。why peple didn’t act是一个由why引导的定语从句,其先行词是reasn。
…t research int the reasns 4 peple didn’t act.
5.befre 此句话的意思是“他们调查发现一个人在施救前必须经过两步。”故从“语义”角度讲应填befre,而从语法上讲,也可以引导一个时间状语从句。
They fund that a persn has t g thrugh tw steps 5 he can help.
6.an emergency兼作可数名词和不可数名词。 从本句语义可知,此处的emergency描述的是一种具体的“紧急情况”。故其是可数名词,又因是元音音素开头,所以其前应填不定冠词an。下文亦有暗示: …a real emergency/ …an emergency
First he has t ntice that it is 6 emergency.
7.frm 还原为陈述句式: The smke is cming int the rm ______ a leak in the air cnditining. It’s really smke frm a fire. The smke cming int the rm is ______ a leak in the air cnditining. It’s really smke frm a fire. 进入房间的烟雾是来自于空调的泄露吗?
Is the smke cming int the rm 7 a leak in the air cnditining?…
8.mre 句中的Secnd与前面的First相呼应,紧接着的and表示First和Secnd相比较,Secnd“更”imprtant,故填mre。
First he has t ntice that… Secnd, and 8 imprtantly, the persn …
9.respnsible 作为feel的表语,应该用 respnsibility的形容词形式。
…the persn faced with an emergency must feel persnally 9 (respnsibility).
10.r He must feel that he must help意为“他必须意识到他有责任施救”,顺此推理,这意味着the persn(需要救助的人)将会得到他需要的救助(will get the help he needs)。 后一句的语义却是否定的(wn’t get…) 意味着后面的一句在语法结构上采用了“正话反说”的形式,故填r(不然的话)。也可填入连词therwise。
一题多解也是“语法填空”题型常遇到的问题。
…He must feel that he must help, 10 the persn wn’t get the help he needs.
10. came after 随后,跟在后面。
前文有提示:…and then everybdy 8 else wh came after that just put “ditt” underneath.
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