英语八年级【知识精讲】9.动词时态(6)现在完成时2 课件

这是一份英语八年级【知识精讲】9.动词时态(6)现在完成时2 课件，共30页。PPT课件主要包含了现在完成时，现在完成时的构成，现在完成时的句式，现在完成时的用法，我在这住了两年了等内容，欢迎下载使用。
have/has+过去分词
have，has均为助动词，无实际意义，只起构成时态的作用，不可省略。当主语是第三人称单数时，助动词用has，其余人称一律用have。
规则动词的过去分词构成与过去式相同，不规则动词的过去分词须加强记忆。
①肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词 + 宾语（或者其他）。
I have already read this bk.
She has already finished her hmewrk.
②否定句：主语+ haven't (have nt) / hasn't (has nt) + 动词的过去分词+宾语
I haven't seen the mvie yet.
③一般疑问句：Have/Has + 主语 + 动词的过去分词 + 宾语（或者其他）?
肯定回答：Yes, I have. 或 Yes, she/he/人名 has.
Have yu ever seen the film ?Has Tm tld the news t yu yet?
否定回答：N, I haven't. 或 N, she/he/人名 hasn't.
④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+ 一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他）？
Hw many times have yu ever been t England?
（1）表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作或存在的状态对现在造成的影响或结果。也就是说现在完成时虽然与过去有关，但实际上看重的是对现在造成的影响或结果。
常见标志词为：just, already, yet, ever, never, befre, s far, these days等。
Tm has already watched the mvie.
already常用于现在完成时的肯定句，意为“已经”，常位于助动词之后。
yet常用于现在完成时的否定句和一般疑问句中，置于句尾；yet在否定句中，意为“还”，在一般疑问句中，意为“已经”。
Have yu finished the hmewrk yet?
They haven't left the village yet.
ever常用于现在完成时中，意为“曾经”，通常置于助动词之后。
My father has ever studied abrad.
never常用于现在完成时中，意为“从不；从来没有”，通常置于助动词之后。
Jim has never bught a birthday gift fr his parents.
（2）表示持续动作或状态的动词多是延续性动词
Sara has studied English fr five years.
短暂性动词不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。当短暂性动词需要与表示一段时间的状语连用时，需要转化为对应的延续性动词或短语。
短暂性动词转换成延续性动词的方法：
die→be dead pen/ clse→be pen/ clsed jin→be in begin/ start→be nleave→be away (frm) finish→be ver get married→ be married fall asleep→ be asleep cme→be here
1.转换成“be + 名词/形容词/副词/介词短语”结构，如：
The restaurant has been pen fr twenty years.
The mvie has been n fr ten minutes.
They have been married since 1980.
They have been away frm their hmetwn fr ten years.
brrw→keep buy→have/ wn cme→stay becme/ be
2.延续性动词替换短暂性动词，如：
Hw lng have yu stayed in Beijing?Susan has had the ty bear fr seven years.
（3）现在完成时表述经历的用法
Mary has never been t the Great Wall.
表述直到现在为止的生活经历，常与never, ever, nce, twice, three times等连用。
have been t, have gne t, have been in/at 的区别
have been t 表示“曾经到过某地”，已归。常与ever, just, never等词连用，其后可接nce, twice等表示次数的词；不可与 fr+一段时间 连用。
I have been t England twice.
have gne t 表示“正在去某地的途中或到了某地”，未归。说话时作句子主语的人不在现场，通常是第三人称作句子的主语。不可与 fr+一段时间连用。
—Where is yur father?—He has gne t Australia.
have been in/at（in表示相对大一些的地点；at表示相对小一些的地点）：表示一直呆在某地， 常与时间段搭配（呆了很久）。
Sam with his family has been in the city f Lndn fr five years.
（4）fr 与since 引导时间状语从句的用法
I have learned French fr three mnths.
fr：其后只能接表示“一段时间”的名词性短语，可用于多种时态。表示动作或状态持续时间的长短。
I have had it fr three years.
She has had it since she was a baby.
since：其后接时间点或一般过去时的句子；
We have studied here since 2012.
也可以接“一段时间 + ag”，常用于完成时态；
We have been here since five years ag.
还用于句型“It's + 时间段+ since +一般过去时的句子”，表示过去某个时间发生并持续至说话时的动作或状态。
It's tw years since I came t China.
注意：在现在完成时中，短暂性动词在肯定句中不能与fr或since引导的时间状语连用，但在否定句中可以
They haven't seen each ther fr thirty years.
I have lived here fr tw years.
“since + 时间点 / 过去时的句子”可与 “fr + 时间段”相互转换
I have lived here since last year.
I have lived here since tw years ag.
句型转换Kate and her brther finished the husewrk just nw. (改为现在完成时)Kate and her brther ________ just ________ the husewrk.
句型转换Kate and her brther finished the husewrk just nw. (改为现在完成时)Kate and her brther ________ just ________ the husewrk.答案：have; finished
将下列句子改成现在完成时,注意保持意思不变。The film began five minutes ag.The film ________ ________ ________ fr ________ ________.
将下列句子改成现在完成时,注意保持意思不变。The film began five minutes ag.The film ________ ________ ________ fr ________ ________.答案：has been n; five minutes