英语八年级【知识精讲】14.句法(1)句子的成分 课件

这是一份英语八年级【知识精讲】14.句法(1)句子的成分 课件，共27页。PPT课件主要包含了句子成分，主要成分， 次要成分，补足语，同位语，答案宾语补足语等内容，欢迎下载使用。

1. 主语：句子说明的人或事物，表示的是“谁”或“什么”。The sun rises in the east. （名词） He likes dancing. （代词）Twenty years is a shrt time in histry. (数词) Seeing is believing. （动名词） T see is t believe.（不定式） What he needs is a bk.（主语从句）It is very clear that the elephant is rund and tall like a tree.（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）
句中主语的中心词① The teacher with tw f his students is walking int the classrm.② There is an ld man cming here.③ T d tday's hmewrk withut the teacher's help is very difficult.
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2.谓语：是说明主语在“干什么”或“怎么样”，英语句子的谓语都是由动词充当。根据谓语动词本身的特点，谓语又可分为以下几种不同的形式：不及物动词作谓语；及物动词作谓语；系动词作谓语；以及带情态动词或助动词的复合谓语，等等。
句中谓语的中心词① I dn't like the picture n the wall. ② The days get lnger and lnger when summer cmes. ③ D yu usually g t schl by bus?④ They can drive cars. ⑤ There will be a meeting at the library this afternn.
3. 表语：系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。He is a teacher. （名词） Five and five is ten. （数词） He is asleep. （形容词） His father is in.（副词） The picture is n the wall. (介词短语)My watch is gne / missing / lst. （形容词化的分词）The questin is whether they will cme. （表语从句）
常见的系动词有: be, sund（听起来）, lk（看起来）, feel （摸起来，感觉）, smell（闻起来）, taste（尝，吃起来）, remain（保持，仍是）……The sund sunds strange.Her vice sunds sweet. Tm lks thin.The fd smells delicius. The fd tastes gd.The dr remains pen. Nw I feel tired.
下列句中的表语① The ld man was feeling very tired. ② Why is he wrried abut Jim?③ The leaves have turned yellw. ④ Sn they all became interested in the subject.⑤ She was the first t learn abut it.
4.宾语：1）动宾表示行为的对象，常由名词或者代词担任。放在及物动词或者介词之后。I like China. （名词） He hates yu. （代词）—Hw many d yu need? —We need tw. （数词）I enjy wrking with yu. （动名词）I hpe t see yu again. （不定式） Did yu write dwn what he said? （宾语从句）
2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾Are yu afraid f the snake? Under the snw, there are many rcks.3） 双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）He gave me a bk yesterday. Give the pr man sme mney.
下列句中的宾语① My brther hasn't dne his hmewrk.② Peple all ver the wrld speak English.③ Sme f the students in the schl want t g swimming.④ Hw many new wrds did yu learn last class?
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5.宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。We all think it a pity that she didn’t cme here. （名词）We will make them happy. （形容词） We fund nbdy in. （副词）Please make yurself at hme. （介词短语）Dn’t let him d that. （省t不定式）
His father advised him t teach the lazy by a lessn. （带t不定式）Dn’t keep the lights burning. （现在分词） I’ll have my bike repaired. （过去分词）
下列句中的宾语补足语① She likes the children t read newspapers in the reading-rm.② He asked her t take the by ut f schl.③ She fund it difficult t d the wrk.④ They call me Lily smetimes.⑤ I saw Mr. Wang get n the bus.
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6. 定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.（名词） He is ur friend. （代词）We belng t the third wrld.（数词） He was advised t teach the lazy by a lessn.（形容词）The man ver there is my ld friend.（副词）
The wman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词)The bys playing ftball are in Class 2. （现在分词）The trees planted last year are grwing well nw. （过去分词）Yu shuld d everything that I d. （定语从句）
7. 状语：用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或句子。表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。I will g there tmrrw. （时间） The meeting will be held in the meeting rm.（地点）The meat went bad because f the ht weather.（原因） He studies hard t learn English well.（目的）
He didn’t study hard s that he failed in the exam. （结果）I like sme f yu very much.（程度）If yu study hard, yu will pass the exam. （条件） He ges t schl by bike.（方式）Thugh he is yung, he can d it well.（让步）
8. 同位语：跟在名词或代词后，起解释说明作用的句子成分。Mr. Li, ur headmaster, has gne t Lndn fr a meeting.We Chinese lve peace and hate war.In fact, we teachers all respect yu students.
英语五种基本句型列式如下： 基本句型一：（主＋谓） 基本句型二：（主＋系＋表） 基本句型三：（主＋谓＋宾） 基本句型四：（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾） 基本句型五：（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）
根据所给句子，写出对应的句型结构My mther gave me a beautiful present._________________________________
答案：主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语
[经典考题]指出下列句子画线部分是什么句子成分。Nbdy can make the man laugh because he is such a serius man.