2022中考英语复习：短语、词组详解教案

这是一份2022中考英语复习：短语、词组详解教案，共7页。教案主要包含了动词+介词，动词+副词，其它类动词词组等内容，欢迎下载使用。
短语、词组归纳    由动词开头构成的短语、词组很多。复习时应分类处理：    一、动词+介词    1．look at…看…，look like … 看上去像……，       look after …照料…    2．listen to…听……    3．welcome to…欢迎到……    4．say hello to …向……问好    5．speak to…对……说话    此类短语相当于及物动词，其后必须带宾语，但宾语无论是名词还是代词，都要放在介词之后。如：This is my new bike. Please look it after.(×)This is my new bike. Please look after it.(√)    二、动词+副词    “动词+副词”所构成的短语义分为两类：     A．动词（vt.）+副词     1．put on 穿上 2．take off脱下  3．write down记下     此类短语可以带宾语，宾语若是名词，放在副词前后皆可；宾语若是人称代词，只能放在副词的前面。试比较：First listen to the tape, then write down the answer/write the answer down. (√)First listen to the answer, then write down it.(×)First listen to the answer, then write it down.(√)    B．动词（vi）+副词。    1．come on赶快  2．get up起床  3．go home回家  4．come in进来  5．sit down坐下 6．stand up起立    此类短语属于不及物动词，不可以带宾语。    三、其它类动词词组1.close the door 2.1ook the same 3.go to work/class 4.be ill 5.have a look/seat 6.have supper 7.1ook young 8.go shopping 9.watch TV/games 10. play games介词短语聚焦    “介词+名词/代词”所构成的短语称为介词短语。现将Unitsl-16常用的介词短语按用法进行归类。    1．in+语言/颜色/衣帽等，表示使用某种语言或穿着……。如：in English，in the hat    2．in + Row/ Team/ Class/ Grade等，表示“在……排/队/班级/年级”等。    3．in the morning/ afternoon/ evening/ 表示“在上午/下午/傍晚”等一段时间。    4．in the desk/ pencil-box/bedroom 等表示“在书桌/铅笔盒/卧室里”。5．in the tree表示“在树上 (非树本身所有)”；on the tree表示“在树上(为树本身所有)”。如：There are some in the tree. There are many apples on the trees. 6．in the wall表示“在墙上（凹陷进去）”；on the wall表示“在墙上（指墙的表面）”。如：There’re four windows in the wall, and there is a map on the back wall. 7．at work（在工作）/at school（上学）/at home（在家）应注意此类短语中无the。8．at + 时刻表示钟点。如：at six, at half , past ten. 9．like this/that表示方式，意为“像……这/那样”。10．of短语表示所属关系。如：a picture of a classroom, a map of China. 11．behind/ beside/ near/ under+ 名词等，表示方位、处所。如：beside/ near the door, under/ behind the tree. 12．from与to多表示方向，前者意为“从……”，后者意为“到……”。如：from one to ten, (go) to school/ bed/ work. 另外，以下这些短语也必须掌握。如：on duty, after breakfast, at night, at the door, in the middle, in the sky, on one’s bike等。重点句型大回放1．I think…意为“我认为……”，是对某人或某事的看法或态度的一种句型。其否定式常用I don’t think…，如：I think he’s Mr Zhinag. (L17)I don’t think you are right. 2．give sth. to sb./ give sb. sth. 意为“把……给……”，动词give之后可接双宾语，可用这两种句型；若指物的宾语是人称代词时，则只能用give it/ them to sb. 如：His parents give him a nice purse./His parents give a nice purse to him. Give it to Mr Hu.(L57)3．take sb./ sth. to…意为“把……(送)带到……”，后常接地点，也可接人。如：Please take the new books to the classroom.4．One…, the other…/One is…and one is…意为“一个是……；另一个是……”，必须是两者中。如：One is red and one is grey.(L50)或 One is red,, the other is grey.5．Let sb. do sth. 意为“让某人做某事”，人后应用不带to的动词不定式，其否定式为Don’t let sb，do sth.，或Let sb. not do sth. 另外，Let’s 与Let us的含义不完全相同，前者包括听者在内，后者不包括听者在内，如：Let’s go for a walk./Let us try once more, please.6．help sb. (to) do sth./help sb. with sth.意为“帮助某人做某事”，前者用不定式作宾补，后者用介词短语作宾补，二者可以互换。如：Let me help you find it.(L42)/Let me help you with it.7．What about…？/How about…？意为“……怎么样？”是用来询问或征求对方的观点、意见、看法等。about为介词，其后须接名词、代词或V-ing等形式。如：What/How playing chess? 8．It’s time to do…/ It’s time for sth. 意为“该做……的时间了”，其中to后须接原形动词，for后可接名词或V-ing形式。如：It’s time to have supper. =It’s time for supper.9．like to do sth./like doing sth.意为“喜欢做某事”，如：Li Lei and his friends like to play in the tree house. (L 43)前一种句型侧重具体的一次性的动作；后一种句型侧重习惯性的动作，试比较：Tom likes swimming, but doesn’t like to swim this afternoon. 10．ask sb.(not) to do sth. 意为“让某人(不要)做某事”，其中ask sb.后应接动词不定式，如：Ask your friends to guess what is in it. (L44)11．show sb. sth. / show sth. to do. 意为“把某物给某人看”，该句型的用法同前面第2点。如：Show your friend your family photo.（L36）/Show your family photo to your friend.  12．introduce sb. to sb. 意为“把某人介绍给另一人”；introduce to sb.则是“向某人作介绍”。如：Introduce your family to her. 重点短语快速复习 1.kinds of 各种各样的 2. either…or…或者…或者…，不是…就是… 3. neither…nor…既不……也不……4. Chinese tea without, anything in it 中国清茶5. take a seat 就坐6. home cooking 家常做法7. be famous for 因……而著名8. on ones way to在……途中9. be sick/ill in hospital生病住院10. at the end of在……的尽头，在……的末尾11. wait for 等待12. in time 及时13. make one’s way to…往……（艰难地）走去14. just then 正在那时15. first of all 首先，第一16. go wrong 走错路17. be/get lost 迷路18. make a noise 吵闹，喧哗19. get on 上车20. get off 下车21. stand in line 站队22. waiting room 候诊室，候车室23. at the head of……在……的前头24. laugh at 嘲笑25. throw about 乱丢，抛散26. in fact 实际上27. at midnight 在半夜28. have a good time=enjoy oneself玩得愉快29. quarrel with sb. 和某人吵架30. take one’s temperature 给某人体温31. have/get a pain in…某处疼痛32. have a headache 头痛33. as soon as… 一……就……34. feel like doing sth. 想要干某事35. stop…from doing sth. 阻止……干某事36. fall asleep 入睡37. again and again再三地，反复地38. wake up 醒来，叫醒39. instead of 代替40. look over 检查41. take exercise运动42. had better(not) do sth.   最好（不要）干某事43. at the weekend 在周末44. on time 按时45. out of从……向外46. all by oneself 独立，单独47. lots of=a lot of 许多48. no longer/more=not…any longer/more 不再49. get back 回来，取回50. sooner or later迟早51. run away 逃跑52. eat up 吃光，吃完53. run after 追赶54. take sth. with sb. 某人随身带着某物55. take(good) care of…=look after…(well)（好好）照顾，照料56. think of 考虑到，想起57. keep a diary 坚持写日记58. leave one by oneself 把某人单独留下59. harder and harder 越来越厉害60. turn on打开（电灯、收音机、煤气等）61. turn off 关重温重点句型1．So + be／助动词／情牵动词／主语．前面陈述的肯定情况也适于另一人（物）时，常用到这种倒装结构，表示“另一人（物）也如此。”前面陈述的否定情况也适于另一人（物）时，常用“Neither/ Nor + be／助动词／情态动词+主语．”这种倒装结构。例如：He likes playing basketball, and so do I. 他喜欢打篮球，我也喜欢。Kate can’t speak Chinese, and I neither/ nor can Jim．凯特不会说汉语。吉姆也不会。注意：“So+主语+be／助动词／情态动词．”这一句型常用于表示赞同，进一步肯定对方的看法，表示“的确如此。”“是呀。”例如：一Basketball is very popular game in America．篮球在美国是一项很受欢迎的运动。一So it is．的确如此。2．Turn right／left at the first／second／…crossing.这一指路的句型意为“在第一／二／……个十字路口向右／左拐。”相当于Take the first ／second／…turning on theright／left. 例如：一Can you tell me the way to the nearest post office？你能告诉我去最近的邮局的路吗？一Walk along this road，and turn left at the third crossing. 沿着这条路走，在第三个路口向左拐。3．It takes sb．some time to do sth．此句型表示“干某事花了某人一段时间。”其中的it是形式主语，后面的动词不定式（短语）才是真正的主语。例如：It took me half an hour to finish the hard work．完成这项艰巨的工作花了我半个小时。4．…think／find + it + adj. + to do sth.此句型中的it是形式宾语，不可用其它代词替代，形容词作宾语的补足语，后面的动词不定式（短语）才是真正的宾语。例如：I found it important to learn English well. 我发现学好英语很重要。5．What’s wrong with…？此句型相当于What’s the matter/ trouble with…？后跟某物作宾语时，意为“某物出什么毛病了？”后跟某人作宾语时，意为“某人怎么了？”例如：－What’s wrong with your bike？你的自行车出什么毛病了？一It’s broken．它坏了。－What’s wrong with you？你怎么了？一I have a pain in my head．我头痛。6．too…to…在so…that…复合句中，that后的句子是否定句时，常与简单句too…to…（太……而不能……）进行句型转换。例如：He is so young to go to school．（改为简单句）→He is too young to go to school．在so…that…复合句中，that后的句子是肯定句时，常与简单句…enough to…进行句型转换。例如：This maths problem was so easy that we could work it out. （改为简单句）→This maths problem was easy enough for us to work out. 7．Sorry to hear that.全句应为I’m sorry to hear that. 意为“听到此事我很难过（遗憾）。”常用于对别人的不幸表示同情、遗憾之意。例如：—My mother is ill, so I have to look after her at home. 我母亲病了，因此我必须在家照看她。—Sorry to hear that.听到此事我很难过。 重点句型、词组大盘点1. She used to be a Chinese teacher. 她过去是一位汉语老师。[用法] used to + 动词原形，表示过去经常性的动作或存在的状态，含有现在不再如此之意。[搭配] used to do的否定式可以是usedn’t to do或didn’t use to do. [比较] used to do sth. 过去常做某事；be/ get used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事；be used to do sth. 被用来做某事。[举例] 1) I used to read in bed.我过去总是躺在床上看书。2)Did he use to work into the night? 或 Used he to work into the night?他以前总是工作到深夜吗？3)I am used to getting up early.我习惯早起。4)Knives are used to cut things.刀是用来削东西的。2.…return it sooner or later.……迟早要将它归还。[用法]l)sooner or later意为“迟早”、“早晚”。 2)return此处用作及物动词，意为“归还”，相当于give back.[拓展]return还可用作不及物动词，意为“返回”，相当于go back或come back。[举例]l)He will find his shortcoming sooner or later.他迟早会发现他的缺点的。2)When will you return to your hometown? 什么时候回老家？nbsp;3)I have returned the book to the library. 我已经把书还给图书馆了。3.No matter what the weather is like…无论天气……[用法]no matter what 相当于whatever，其意为“无论什么”，引导状语从句。[拓展]类似no matter what的表达方式还有：no matter when无论什么时候nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;no matter where无论什么地方no matter who无论谁no matter how 无论怎么样[举例]l)No matter what he does,nbsp; he always tries to do it well.无论做什么事，他总是力求做好。2)No matter what happens, I will take your side.无论发生什么事，我都将支持你。3)No matter who gives a talk, we shall listen carefully.无论谁做报告，我们都应当认真听。4)No matter how he goes to work, he is never late.无论怎么样去上班，他从不迟到。4. A young man practised speaking English with Mr. Green. 一位年经人与格林先生练习讲英语。[用法]practise doing sth. 表示“实践、练习（做）某事”。[拓展]practice名词，“实践”、“实施”、“练习”；put a plan into practice实行某计划。[举例]l)The boy practised making a new sound. 那男孩练习发出新的声音。2)She practised the piano two hours every day.她每天练习两个小时的钢琴。3)We have laid the plan and now we must put it into practice. 我们已经制订出计划，现在必须实施。5. He encouraged everyone to take part in protecting our lakes, rivers, seas and oceans. 他鼓励大家参加保护我们的湖泊、河流和海洋的活动。[用法]1)encourage用作动词，意思是“鼓励”、“支持”。2)take part in“参加”，常表示参加活动。3)protect 是动词，表示“防御”、“保护”。[搭配]1)encourage sb. in sth.在某事上鼓励或支持某人nbsp;encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人干某事2)protect sh. from sth.使某人不受某事侵袭或伤害[比较]1)My parents encourage me in my studies. 我父母亲经常鼓励我学习。2)The school encouraged the students to practise using the computers.校方鼓励学生练习使用计算机。3)Will you take part in the English contest?你准备参加英语竞赛活动吗？4)The vegetables were well protected from the cold.这些蔬莱被保护得好而没受冻。6. …to warn people about sharks in the water. ……警告人们当心水里的鲨鱼。[用法] warn用作动词，意思是“警告”、“警戒”。[搭配]1)warn sb.+ that从句nbsp;nbsp;2)warn sb. of sth. 警告某人某事3)warn sb. to do sth.告诫某人做某事4)warn sb. against(doing) sth.告诫某人当心某事/不要做某事[举例]1)I warned him that snakes were dangerous. 我警告他，蛇很危险。 2)We are trying to warn children the dangers of smoking.我们正试图警告孩子们吸烟的危害。3)Dr Synes warned me to give up my drinking.Synes 大夫劝我戒酒。4)The notice warned people against swimming in the pool.公告告诫人们不要在池塘里游泳