2020届南通等苏北七市高三6月三模英语-2020年江苏高考英语5月名校联考模拟试卷全解全析

2020届南通等苏北七市高三年级第三次调研测试

英语        2020.6.3

第一部分 听力 (共两节，满分20分)

    做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。   

第一节 （共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）

    听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。

1. How much did the book cost?

A. £13.     B. £15.     C. £17.

2. What was the weather like last winter?

A. Snowy.     B. Windy.     C. Rainy.

3. Where does the woman want to go on holiday?

A. To the beach.     B. To the mountains.     C. To the grasslands.

4. What does the man think of his new apartment?

A. It has a good view   B. It is a little small.    C. It is warm.

5. Why have the organizers put off the match?

A. Several players are sick.  B. The field isn't in good condition.  C. The weather today isn’t suitable for it.

第二节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)

听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。

6. Where does the conversation take place?

A. In a supermarket.    B. In a restaurant.    C. At home.

7. What did the man forget to buy?

A. Ice cream.     B. Pizzas.      C. Salad.

听第7段材料,回答第8至10题。

8. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?

A. Classmates.     B. Father and daughter.   C. Sales clerk and customer.

9. What are the speakers talking about?

A. Whether to change a phone.   B. How to choose a phone.   C. When to buy a phone.

10. What does the man suggest the woman do?

A. Ask her parents.    B. Trust the salesperson.   C. Read buyers' reviews.

听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。

11. When did the man begin his lesson?

A. Yesterday.      B. Last week.      C. A month ago.

12. What is the man's opinion on his first lesson?

A. Boring.       B. Difficult.       C. Interesting.

13. What does the woman say about her teacher?

A. She was a humorous person.    B. She was an excellent rider.    C. She was a good teacher.

听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。

14. Why did the man build his website at first?

A. To create an online discussion among teenagers.

B. To encourage teenagers to read more.

C. To develop teenagers ’writing skills.

15. How does the man describe his typical day?

A. He has different things to deal with.  B. He doesn't have any time to relax.  C. He can't keep to his plans.

16. What would the man like to do when he turns 18?

A. To work for a big company.   B. To study for a degree.   C. To run a business.

听第10段材料,回答第17至20题。

17. How long will it take to get to the museum?

A. About 20 minutes.     B. About 30 minutes.    C. About 50 minutes.

18. What is special about the trip for the students?

A. They will take a test after returning to school.

B. They can take old rings out of containers.

C. They can pick up ancient pots to study.

19. How do the students look for information in the Technology Center?

A. By working on computers.   B. By asking Jane Witton.   C. By using iPads.

20. What does the speaker want the students to do?

A. Make postcards.     B. Draw posters.     C. Give reports.

【答案】1—5： BCACB  6—10： CAABC  11—15： AABBA 16—20： CACCB

【解析】听力原文

Text 1

W: Did you get that book for your music classes?

M: I did. I bought it in town. It was on special offer, so it was reduced by 2 pounds from £17 to £15. It was less on the Internet, which was £13, but it wouldn’t arrive in time.

Text 2

M: Look at the snow outside.

W: Wow! We can go skiing this weekend. We didn’t ski last winter at all, did we?

M: No, it was too wet. But it’s going to be windy on the weekend, so we may not go skiing.

Text 3

M: Are you going away with your family this summer?

W: Yes, but we still haven’t decided where yet. I’ve suggested going to the beach rather than the mountains this year. My parents keep talking about going to the grasslands.

Text 4

W: How’s your new apartment?

M: Fine. I’m satisfied with my new bedroom — the one I had before was tiny. The view’s not so good now, but it’s much warmer than the old place.

Text 5

M: Today’s football match has been postponed.

W: What’s happened?

M: The organizers had a look at the field and said it’s just too soft because of all the rain recently.

W: And I heard some players had been sick, which could affect how well they’ll play.

Text 6

W: Did you get everything?

M: I think so. I got two pizzas like you asked — one with cheese and one with chicken.

W: I said we’d already got those. Anyway, it doesn’t matter. Let me put these ones in the fridge now.

M: The salad was reduced today, so I got plenty of that, and you said we had enough ice cream, so that’s everything.

W: I said I didn’t think we had any left. Perhaps you got that mixed up with what I said about the pizzas.

Text 7

W: My parents say I can get a new phone for my birthday.

M: That’s great. So which model are you going to choose? Reading what phone buyers have written about their phones is probably more reliable than listening to a sales assistant telling you which one is best. I’ve heard that some phone companies give stores money for selling more of their phones, especially the more expensive ones, so I’m not sure you could trust what they’d say.

W: That’s useful to know. I’ll also ask my parents what they think is the best way to choose.

M: OK. Look! The school bus is coming.

Text 8

W: Hi, I hear you’re having horse riding lessons.

M: Yes. We’ll be able to go riding together.

W: Great! When did you start?

M: I saw an advertisement about a month ago. So Mum phoned the place and we visited last week, but I only had my first lesson yesterday.

W: How was it?

M: All we did was brush the horses. It wasn’t difficult but I wanted to ride. I hope the next lesson will be interesting.

W: I remember my first lesson. I got a riding hat as a birthday present, plus boots and trousers, so I had lots of things. But my friend’s mum had to lend me her jacket because it was so cold that day.

M: What was your teacher like?

W: She won a lot of prizes for horse riding, but I don’t think she really knew how to teach us and she wasn’t always fun. But I kept going, and now I love riding!

Text 9

W: Why did you decide to set up a book review website?

M: I’d seen an article about teenagers not reading enough and was wondering about possible methods for this. My best friend’s into video games and writes reviews for various websites. These sites seem to encourage teenagers to play more games, so I thought it must be possible to do the same with reading. It’s nice to see teenagers exchanging opinions about literature.

W: You have school, your website and a social life — what’s a typical day like?

M: You’d think I’d never have a chance to relax, but it’s rarely that busy. I don’t have many opportunities to get bored, as everything I do throughout each day is so different. I make a plan each evening for the next day, which I usually stick to.

W: What do you want to do when you’re 18?

M: Many website designers desire to join one of the huge technology businesses based in U.S. I want to stay close to my family in Canada, though. I’ve thought about studying computer science, but I learn better by doing than by studying, so I’d prefer to have my own web design company at the age of 18.

Text 10

W: Right, everyone. I’m going to tell you about our trip to the City Museum.

The museum isn’t far — it’ll only take us about 20 minutes to get there. There’ll be several events during the day and you’ll have the chance to walk around the museum for at least 50 minutes. At first we’ll listen to the museum director Jane Witton for about 30 minutes, telling us about what there is to see.

Usually in a museum you’re not allowed to touch what’s on show, but on this visit, we are! You’ll all work in groups, and each group will be given pots to pick up and look at, and think about what they were used for. You’ll study some ancient rings too, although I’m afraid they’ll stay in their glass case.

The museum also has a Technology Center for education and research. You’ll be able to find out lots of interesting facts. Rather than using computers, though, iPads will be provided. You can work on these to search for information. When you’ve finished your research, for the final activity you’ll do a quiz to see how much you can remember.

When we get back to school, I’d like you to design and make something for other students to see. The museum has sent us some of their postcards, which you can use to give you ideas for the posters I want you to draw.

第二部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分35分）

第一节 单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）

请认真阅读下面各题，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

21. Policies have been made to help the province hard hit by the disaster to________economy.

1. review                    B.reveal                   C.recover               D.reserve

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：政府已制定政策帮助受灾严重的省份恢复经济。A“回顾；复习；评论”；B“揭示，揭露”；C“恢复；重新获得”；D“预定，预约”。

22. _______the changes we desire, we must be willing to behave in ways that promote them.

A. Create              B. Creating                   C.Having created               D.To create

【答案】D

【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：要产生我们渴望的变革，我们必须愿意以促进变革的方式行事。分析句子结构可知，此处需用非谓语动词；且根据语境可知，此处用动词不定式作目的状语。

23. In the years to come, everyone will be able to take pride in______we responded to this challenge.

A. what                B.when               C.that            D.how

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：在未来的岁月里，每个人都将为我们应对这一挑战的方式感到自豪。分析句子结构可知，此处引导宾语从句，作介词in的宾语，且根据语境可知，此处在宾语从句中作方式状语。

24. At the online job fair, students can review job opportunities,__________their CVs and have interviews remotely.

A. drop off                 B. make up                   C.cut out             D. put away

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：在网上招聘会上，学生们可以重新考虑工作机会，投递简历，远程面试。A“减少；让……下车；睡着”，此处特殊释义为：提交，发送；B“组成，构成；编造；弥补；化妆”；C“切断；删去；停止”；D“放好；抛弃；储存”。

25.---Fancy meeting you here! Are you a librarian?

－----Not really. I________my volunteer effort until the new term begins.

1. will just contribute       B.have just contributed       C.just contribute         D.am just contributing

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词时态。句意：真没想到在这儿见到你!你是图书管理员吗?不完全是。在新学期开始之前，我只是在做志愿者。根据语境可知，动作正在发生，用现在进行时。

26. The project that we are working hard to see _______next month will relieve the traffic pressure.

A.to be completed         B.completing                 C.completed              D.complete

【答案】C

【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们正在努力争取在下个月完成这个项目，其将缓解交通压力。分析句子结构可知，此处需用非谓语动词，且the project与complete构成逻辑上的被动关系；see sth done 看到某事被做。

27. When Stanley finally made it to the lecture hall, the professor________his speech for half an hour.

A. had delivered          B.delivered            C.was delivering              D.has delivered

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词时态。句意：当斯坦利终于到达报告厅时，教授讲课已经讲了半个小时了。根据语境可知，讲授讲课的动作发生在斯坦李到达报告厅之前，表示过去的过去，用过去完成时。

28. The student is grateful to his English teacher, without________encouragement he wouldn't have pulled through.

A. what                  B. whose               C.whom             D.which

【答案】B

【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这个学生很感激他的英语老师。如果没有他的英语老师的鼓励，他是不会通过考试的。分析句子结构可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词his English teacher，在定语从句中作定语，用关系代词，表示所属关系，相当于his English teacher’s。注意：此非限制性定语从句还表示对过去的虚拟。

29. Promoting the ______of energy and carbon footprint reduction is an essential part of building an ecological civilization.

A.consumption           B. conservation            C.constitution         D.construction

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：节能减排是建设生态文明的重要内容。A“消费；消耗”；B“节约；保护”；C“宪法；体制；章程；构造；建立，组成；体格”；D“建设，建造”。

30. The artists staged music and dances with Nantong features at the folk festival, winning applause_________.

A. at will                      B. at random              C.at intervals              D.at odds

【答案】C

【解析】考查介词短语。句意：这个艺术家在民间艺术节上在舞台上表演有南通特色的歌曲和舞蹈，不时赢得阵阵掌声。A“随意；任意”；B“随机地；随便地”；C“不时；时时；每隔一段时间”；D“争执”。

31. It was in the Lake District, a tourist attraction in England,________they met each other and became fast friends.

A. where                 B.which                 C.when                   D.that

【答案】D

【解析】考查强调句型。句意：他们是在英国的一个旅游胜地，the Lake District（湖区），认识并很快成为了朋友。分析句子结构可知，此处为强调句型it is...that...，强调地点状语in the Lake District。a tourist attraction in England为the Lake District的同位语。

32. Visitors who have booked tickets online can show their ID cards or other_______documents to enter the museum.

A. blank                B.valid                 C.lame            D.plain

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。句意：网上购票的参观者可以出示身份证或其他有效证件进入博物馆。A“空白的；没表情的；完全的”；B“有效的；有根据的；合法的；正当的”；C“跛足的；僵痛的；不完全的；无说服力的；差劲的，蹩脚的”；D“平的；简单的；朴素的；清晰的”。

33. Under the regulation, restaurants and hotels shall stop offering throwaway items_______customers request them.

A. since                    B. once           C. unless                    D. until

【答案】C

【解析】考查连词辨析。句意：根据规定，餐馆和酒店应停止提供一次性用品，除非顾客要求。根据语境可知，此处引导条件状语从句，表示“除非，如果不”，相当于if...not。A“自从；因为”，引导时间状语从句或原因状语从句；B“一旦”，引导时间状语从句；C“除非，如果不”。引导条件状语从句；D“直到...为止”，引导时间状语从句。

34. The application of AI technologies in health care industry is in an initial stage compared with_______ in automatic driving.

A.it                B. that            C.those             D.ones

【答案】B

【解析】考查代词用法。句意：与自动驾驶相比，人工智能技术在医疗行业的应用还处于起步阶段。根据语境可知，此处that指代The application of AI technologies。

35. ----I will go to the bank to pay for the electricity bill.

-------_______? Actually, you can use Alipay.

1. Why bother           B.So what             C. Why not             D. What for

【答案】A

【解析】考查情景交际。句意：我要去银行缴纳电费。何苦呢?事实上，你可以使用支付宝。A“为何如此费心；何苦；别费劲”；B“那又怎样”；C“为什么不呢”；D“为什么”。

第二节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）

请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

I moved to a new city and took a job in marketing. I didn't really understand whether it    36   me. I enjoyed doing things that I felt had    37   ---I could see their benefit and feel their impact. As the months passed, I felt it just wasn't for me. I needed to find a way out.

A job advertisement for a(n)    38   for a new youth magazine came at exactly the right time. I applied and was    39   . My role was to help teams of young people edit their    40   and help them with their work. I had assumed the magazine would be a(n)    41   of games and dull reviews, so I was    42   when one of the first pieces written was about social welfare.    43   , I found something I was interested in.

I felt a    44   in me straight away. I had a purpose again. Days were lost to discussing hot topics and    45   the words of their strong and opinionated (坚持己见的) voices.    46   in their world, I could see myself making a difference to the team's    47  ability. As our website    48   increased and the work shifted to reflect what our    49   wanted, I developed a greater    50   of what young people might want to read.

The biggest change the job brought,    51   ,was to my well-being. It is rare you find yourself in a job you love, one that you are happy to    52   each day. I was thriving (充实）in this    53   environment, inspired by the talented young people I was helping to    54   their careers. Now, I realize that there are jobs that will keep you happy,    55   and inspired.

36. A.messed with  B. applied to  C.relied on  D.waited for

【题源】https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2019/jun/10/i-started-mentoring-young-people-and-gave-my-own-life-a-purpose

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。根据下文I felt it just wasn't for me.可知，此处表示我真的不明白这个销售工作是否“适合”我。

37. A. purpose  B.convenience  C.restriction  D.entertainment

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。根据下文I had a purpose again.可知，此处表示我喜欢做我觉得有“意义”的事情。

38. A. reporter  B.lawyer   C.editor   D.typist

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。根据下文My role was to help teams of young people edit their...可知，此处表示一家新青年杂志刊登的招聘“编辑”的广告来得正是时候。

39. A.independent  B.intelligent  C.successful  D.ambitious

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。根据下文介绍我在这家杂志从事的工作可知，此处表示我申请这份工作并“成功”了。

40. A. courses   B.references  C.software  D.content

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。根据上文我申请杂志社编辑的工作可知，此处表示我的职责是帮助年轻人编辑他们的“内容”并帮助他们完成工作。

41. A. replacement  B.mixture  C.innovation  D. symbol

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。根据语境可知，此处表示我原以为这本杂志会是游戏和无聊评论的“混合体”。也就是说这本杂志主要关于游戏和无聊的评论。

42. A. amused  B.embarrassed  C. touched  D. surprised

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。根据语境和上文原本以为这本杂志主要关于游戏和无聊的评论可知，此处表示当我读到其中一篇关于社会福利的文章时，我感到很“惊讶”。

43. A. Naturally  B.Generally  C.Frequently  D. Finally

【答案】D

【解析】考查副词。根据上文作者一开始找到不适合他的营销工作到申请去杂志社当编辑做他喜欢做的事情可知，“最终”，我找到了我感兴趣的东西。

44. A. contrast  B.shock   C.change   D. shame

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。根据下文The biggest change the job brought...可知，此处表示我立刻感觉到了一种“变化”。

45. A. reading   B.translating  C.spelling  D.copying

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。根据语境可知，此处表示时间都花费在讨论热点话题和“阅读”他们的固执己见的观点。

46.  A. Trapped  B. Hidden  C. Invested  D.Imagined

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。根据上文介绍可知，此处表示“投入时间和精力”在他们的世界里。

47. A. gaming   B.marketing  C.writing   D.communicating

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。根据上文a new youth magazine以及help teams of young people edit their content可知，此处表示对团队的“写作”能力产生影响。

48. A. hits   B. pages   C. profits   D.advertisements

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词。根据语境可知，此处表示随着我们网站“点击率”的增加。

49. A. monitors  B. sponsors  C.colleagues  D.audiences

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。根据上文我在杂志社工作可知，此处表示反映了我们的“受众”，也就是读者想要什么。

50 .A. distinction  B.understanding C.expectation  D.recording

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。根据语境可知，此处表示我对年轻人想读什么书有了更好的“了解”。

51. A. though   B.instead   C. otherwise  D. therefore

【答案】A

【解析】考查副词辨析。根据前后句语意可知，此处表示“然而，可是”，起转折作用。

52. A. go into   B.leave behind  C. refer to  D.set aside

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词短语辨析。根据上文It is rare you find yourself in a job you love.可知，此处表示你每天都很开心去“做”的工作。此处go into：decide to do it as your job or career. 进入 (某行业)。

53. A. troublesome  B.creative  C. tough   D.conservative

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。根据下文inspired by the talented young people可知，此处表示我在有“创造力的”工作环境中过得很充实。

54. A. transfer  B.rescue   C.discipline  D.further

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。根据语境可知，此处表示我帮助的那些有才华的年轻人“发展”他们的事业。此处further：to help sth to develop or be successful 促进；增进。

55. A. lucky   B. popular  C.energetic  D. honest

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。根据上文我对在杂志社工作的描述可知，此处表示现在，我意识到有些工作能让你快乐、“有活力”、有灵感。

第三部分阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）

请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

56. The attraction of Machu Picchu lies in_____

A. its towering staircases           B. its changeable weather

C. its natural scenery and culture     D. its wilderness and inaccessibility

【题源】https://tw.voicetube.com/videos/24753

【答案】C

【解析】文章主要介绍了马丘比丘的自然景观和其曾经的历史。根据文章第二段 It's a humbling experience to stand at an altitude of nearly 8,000 feet, and gaze down at the Inca city below. Overlooking the glorious ruins, it's easy to imagine the prosperity (紧荣) this peak must have been almost 600 years ago.可知，马丘比丘吸引人的地方主要在于它的自然景色和文化。

57. We can learn from the passage that_______

A. the Incas like to stay up chatting

B. Machu Picchu is a military base

C. the Quechua language is lost to the world

D. what happened to the Incas remains unknown

  【答案】D

  【解析】根据文章第三段It's one of the world's greatest mysteries what became of the Incas who inhabited Machu Picchu.可知，印加人到底发生了什么仍然是个谜。

B

In their book, Nine Lies About Work, Buckingham and Goodall make a surprising claim: they argue that giving people feedback (反馈)－in the sense of telling them what you think they're doing right or wrong, and how to do it better-is never worthwhile. This runs counter to a current corporate trend for "radical candour", for example at Netflix where, according to recent reports, employees' failings are cruelly "sunshined" in front of others. When someone is fired, hundreds of their former colleagues might receive an email, cataloguing their flaws (缺陷). But it also contradicts an assumption most of us bring to our lives as parents and friends-that it's helpful, at least sometimes, and providing you do it nicely, to explain to people where they're making mistakes.

Buckingham and Goodall don't just claim you should keep that knowledge to yourself: they claim that you don't possess it, and that, in fact, you probably don't know how a failing employee could most effectively change. It's an old cliche (陈词滥调) of marital advice that you should use "I-statements"rather than" you-statements", telling the other person how their behaviour makes you feel, rather than attacking them for being selfish and incompetent. The standard theory is that you-statements cause people to respond defensively. But another is that you're a terrible judge of whether someone is selfish or incompetent. As Buckingham writes: "The only area in which humans are an unimpeachable (无懈可击的) source of truth is that of their own feelings and experiences."

Plenty of research shows we're particularly bad at rating people against abstract criteria, which means one common feature of workplace performance reviews- assessing whether an employee is, say, a strategic thinker or team player-is essentially pointless.We should replace this sort of judgment with "reactions". Don't tell others what you think of their skills, or how good you think they are; instead, focus on describing your experience of their work. You're no good at judging how someone else should change their approach to delivering presentations. But you're the authority on whether a given presentation was persuasive or boring to you.

And positive reactions, they show, work better than negative ones: we excel "when people who know us and care about us tell us what they experience and what they feel, and in particular when they see something within us that really works". There's a deep point here- that the best kind of praise focuses on how someone made you feel, not on evaluating their talent. Praise them for inspiring you, persuading you, or helping you grasp a complex issue. You really are the only objective judge of that.

58. The underlined word"it"in Paragraph 1 refers to"_______”.

A. giving people feedback

B. cataloguing colleagues' flaws

C. contradicting parents’ assumption

D. keeping that knowledge to yourself

【题源】https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2019/mar/22/why-feedback-is-never-worthwhile-oliver-burkeman

【答案】A

【解析】根据上文我们给他人反馈是没有价值的，而此处是与这句话的相反的观点，即当我们通过正确、体面的方式给他人以反馈时，这其实是有帮助的。从而可知，此处划线词it指代给予他人反馈。

59. Feedback is never worthwhile in that_________.

A. people tend to defend it

B. it is based on theory and truth

C. it is subjective and lacks uniqueness

D. people will effectively change themselves

【答案】C

【解析】根据文章第二段they claim that you don't possess it, and that, in fact, you probably don't know how a failing employee could most effectively change. 可知，反馈不值得在于其它是主观的，缺乏独特性。

60. Which of the following is the most appropriate to comment on others?

A. "You have done a good job in the mid-term exams."

B. "I am inspired by the creative ideas in your presentation."

C. "You just think of yourself,but never care about others."

D. "I'm sorry to say you have failed to meet my expectations."

【答案】B

【解析】根据文章第三段We should replace this sort of judgment with "reactions"以及最后一段的举例可知，评价他人最合适的一句话是“你演讲中的创意让我深受启发”。

C

Birds use vocalizations to attract mates, defend territories, and recognize fellow members of their species. But while we know a lot about how variations in vocalizations play out between populations of songbirds, it's far less clear how this variation affects birds such as penguins in which calls are inherited (遗传). A new study from The Auk: Ornithological Advances examines differences in the calls of Little Penguins from four colonies in Australia-night-time birds for whom vocalizations are more important than visual signals-and finds that differences in habitat, rather than geographic isolation (隔离) or other factors, seem to be the key driver of variation in the sounds these birds use to communicate.

Diane Colombelli-Negrel and Rachel Smale of Australia's Flinders University recorded calls from four Little Penguin populations across a small area of South Australia, one of which had previously been shown to have slight genetic differences from the other three, and used playback experiments to test penguins ability to distinguish between calls from different colonies. They found that agonistic calls, which are used in pair displays and aggressive situations, varied among the four populations, and that the calls' characteristics appeared to depend on small-scale differences in the habitat where the penguins lived. However, birds did not discriminate between calls originating from different colonies, which suggests that agonistic calls don't seem to play a role in isolating the two different genetic groups.

Penguins living in open habitats produced lower-frequency calls than those living in habitats with thicker vegetation-the opposite of the trend typically observed in songbirds. The authors think that agonistic calls may be subject to different selective pressures because they're used in close encounters with other birds rather than to communicate across distances, and could also be influenced by variation in the noise level of wind and surf.

“I was excited to find that in seabirds, as most of our knowledge in this area comes from studies on songbirds," says Colombelli-Negrel. "This new research suggests that many factors influence call variation in birds, which also depends on the function of the calls. This study highlights that many questions remain and that studies need to investigate more than one factor in conjunction with the function of the calls to fully understand call variation in seabirds.”

“This work tells an interesting story of vocal diversification in Little Penguins, and gives insight into how individual and micro-scale variation effects behavior," according to Stony Brook University's Heather Lynch, an expert on penguin calls who was not involved in the study. "Non-vocal-learning birds are relatively understudied in terms of vocalizations, and it is great to see penguin vocalizations being studied in such a way."

61. What does the new study find?

1. Penguins are born with their calls.
2. Penguins communicate by various calls.
3. Penguins' calls are influenced by their habitat.
4. Penguins' calls can help isolate genetic groups.

【题源】https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/11/171101092039.htm

【答案】C

【解析】根据文章第一段...that differences in habitat, rather than geographic isolation or other factors, seem to be the key driver of variation in the sounds these birds use to communicate.可知，新的研究发现企鹅的叫声受到栖息地的影响。

62. What are the findings based on?

1. The test of penguins' responses to recorded calls.
2. The data collected from penguins across Australia.
3. Controlled experiments on penguins and songbirds.
4. Similarities between the calls of penguins and songbirds.

【答案】A

【解析】根据第二段第一句话可知，研究人员先录制了不同地区企鹅的叫声，然后通过回放来测试企鹅辨别不同叫声时的反应。从而可知，研究结果基于测试企鹅对录制下来的叫声的反应。

63. From the passage we can learn that       .

1. open-space songbirds tend to lower their calls
2. environmental noises may affect penguins' calls
3. birds use agonistic calls in distant communication
4. songbirds' agonistic calls vary little between species

【答案】B

【解析】根据文章第三段...and could also be influenced by variation in the noise level of wind and surf.可知，环境噪音可能会影响企鹅的叫声。

64. We can infer from Colombelli-Negrel's words that researchers       .

1. will keep track of penguins to preserve them
2. have investigated a lot in penguins' calls before
3. will have a broader look at differences in penguins' calls
4. have determined the function of various calls in penguins

【答案】C

【解析】根据文章第四段This study highlights that many questions remain and that studies need to investigate more than one factor in conjunction with the function of the calls to fully understand call variation in seabirds.可知，这项研究强调了许多问题仍然存在，研究需要调查不止一个因素与叫声的功能，以充分理解海鸟的叫声变化。从而可以推断他希望进一步扩大研究的范围。

D

I'm Dina Asher-Smith. Growing in Orpington, southeast London, I love being the hunter. The one in pursuit. In training, I'll latch on to the boys and chase them down. Even when I was younger, I tended to race girls who were older than me-at 17 I was racing 30-year-olds. It's where I'm comfortable. But the hunter can go on to become the hunted. And this year at the World Athletics Championships in Doha, Qatar, I won gold in the 200m. At 23, I became the first British woman to win a world championship sprinting (短跑) title.The morning after the race, I was in the media tent and was told that I'd been mentioned in the Parliament.

Track and field is a mental game.You're in your own little world, competing to be the person who can run the fastest in a straight line. My job is to take my body to a place where I think it can't do any more and then keep going. To do that, I need to know my strengths and weaknesses. People get caught up in embarrassment or shame when they're not good at something, but I just don't have that in me. I do have a voice in my head that tells me if I'm not good at things, but it doesn't make me feel negative about myself. I use it to identify where I can improve and then I just keep going to training every day.

I've inherited personality traits from my parents that help me in my career. My mum is excitable and when I'm on the track, I have her fire-wanting to go for everything. I always know when I finish a race that I can turn around and find her in the front row, jumping up and down. My dad is more reserved. He has a cool exterior and that's useful for me when I need calmness. I know to look for him a few rows behind my mum. They gave me opportunities to try whatever I was interested in. When I wanted to try golf, my dad bought me cut-down clubs and had me attempting to putt balls (推球入洞）in the back garden. My mum used to play hockey with me outside the house. They took me to so many clubs and classes.

I started training with my coach, John Blackie, in my mid-teens. We met when I was eight as he ran the kids academy at my running club. Along with my parents, the three of them always emphasized that they just wanted me to be happy. They never pushed me too early. And, as I've got older, I've realized that's unique.When running became serious, I knew that if it all stopped being fun for me, I could stop doing it. They put Dina the person before Dina the runner. Yes, the public might be disappointed and the newspapers might have a pop (抨击), but my parents and friends are still going to love me, and my coach is still going to be there. That knowledge allows me to stay relaxed under pressure.

Being as prepared as I can be is crucial as it keeps me calm and able to deliver in the moment.When I was studying history at university, I'd choose exams over coursework because I knew I could put the work in and perform under pressure. I was studying heavy things every day, like people facing prejudice because of their skin,or women sacrificing their lives for others to have the right to vote. It made me realize how lucky I am that the thing that gets me most frustrated is somebody beating me on the track.While, yes, I make sacrifices-some easy, such as not drinking and going out, and some harder, like restricting the food that I eat-ultimately, what I do is entertainment.

Everyone's asking me about Tokyo Olympics, but I'm more focused on today. It's important for me to keep my hopes and dreams separate from other people's. I'm grateful everybody wants me to do well, but my next step has to be for me, not anyone else.

65. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 1 probably mean?

A. Asher-Smith is the victim of the sprinting world.

B. Asher-Smith becomes the focus of media coverage.

C. Asher-Smith now runs faster than those she chased.

D. Asher-Smith is no match for older racers in competitions.

【题源】https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2019/dec/15/what-does-it-take-to-be-a-gold-medal-sprinter-dina-asher-smith

【答案】C

【解析】根据第一段划线句后面的内容可知，Dina在200米跑中获得了金牌，即她已经超过了当年她追逐的那些人。

66. How does Asher-Smith deal with her weakness?

A. She keeps reminding herself of it.

B. She keeps training to overcome it.

C. She chooses to ignore it completely.

D. She often gets caught in a dilemma.

【答案】B

【解析】根据文章第二段I use it to identify where I can improve and then I just keep going to training every day.可知，Asher-Smith通过不断的训练来克服她的缺陷。

67. In Asher-Smith's growth, her parents       .

A. changed their personalities

B. coached her in various sports

C. strengthened their family status

D. helped her explore her interests

【答案】D

【解析】根据文章第三段 They gave me opportunities to try whatever I was interested in. 可知，在Asher-Smith的成长过程中，她的父母帮助她探索自己的兴趣。

68. The underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 indicates that Asher-Smith's parents and coach       .

A. prioritize her personal well-being

B. justify her failure to continue running

C. put her interests above the other runners

D. shelter her from the criticism of the media

【答案】A

【解析】根据第四段划线句下文可知，教练与家人也不会像广大公众、媒体那样苛责她，而是把她当做她这个人。从而可推断出Asher-Smith的父母和教练优先考虑她的个人幸福。

69. What impact does her university life have on her?

A. It makes her lead a cosy life today.

B. It allows her to face prejudice bravely.

C. It enables her to be better prepared as an athlete.

D. It inspires her to fight for women' s human rights.

【答案】C

【解析】文章第五段主要讲述大学生活给Asher-Smith的一些启示，以及大学生活使她能更好地准备成为一名运动员。

70. What does the passage mainly talk about?

A. What it takes to be a gold medal sprinter.

B. Why it is hard to rise to fame in sprinting.

C. Who one can turn to in pursuit of the dream.

D. How parents discipline a sprinting champion.

【答案】A

【解析】根据文章内容可知，作者主要介绍了自己面对弱点的方法、从周围人与生活中学到的品质，且这些经历与精神鼓舞着她坚持运动员生涯，支撑她在比赛中夺得金牌。

第四部分 任务型阅读（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）

请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

注意：每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。

In the course of researching my book, I asked people on five continents, "Who listens to you?" and the response was usually a long, awkward pause. Even those who were married and claimed vast networks of friends struggled to come up with someone who they felt truly listened to them.

It's fuelling what public health officials are calling a worldwide epidemic of loneliness, which increases the risk of dying young. Indeed, studies link loneliness with heart disease, stroke, dementia and poor immune function.

To fight loneliness people are told to "Get out there!Join a club, take up a sport, volunteer, or invite people to dinner. How do you connect with people once you're "out there"and "face-to-face"? Truly listening to someone is a skill many seem to have forgotten or perhaps never learned in the first place.

Listening goes beyond hearing what people say. It's also paying attention to how they say it and what they do while they are saying it, in what context, and how what they say resonates (共鸣) within you.

Listening is not about simply holding your peace while someone else holds forth. Quite the opposite. A lot of listening has to do with how you respond-the degree to which you elicit (引出) clear expression of another 's thoughts and, in the process, express your own clearly. It starts with an openness and willingness to follow another person's story without presumption (预设) or getting sidetracked by what's going on in your own head.

Good listeners ask good questions. Everyone is interesting if you ask the right questions. If someone seems dull or uninteresting, it's on you. Good questions don't have a hidden agenda of fixing, saving ,advising, convincing or correcting. They don't begin with "Don't you think.-.?”or “Wouldn't you agree..?"and they definitely don't end with "Right?" The idea is to find out more about the speaker's point of view, not to influence it.

Also avoid asking appraising questions like "What do ou do for a living?”and “What part of town do you live in?" and "Are you married?" These are not honest attempts to get to know people so much as rank them in the social hierarchy. It makes people strongly defensive and is likely to reduce the conversation to a CV recitation.

Instead, ask expansive questions such as, "What's the best gift you ever received?” and "If you could live anywhere in the world, where would you live? "Listening to people in this way is also essential to reaching compromise.You might not agree with them, but you gain understanding about their background and influences.  

Listening is a skill and, like any skill, it degrades (退化) if you don't do it enough. The more people you listen to, the more aspects of humanity you will recognize and the better your judgments.To listen poorly, selectively,or not at all,will stop you from having a better understanding of the world.

【题源】https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2020/jan/25/its-time-to-tune-in-why-listening-is-the-real-key-to-communication

71.【答案】listener

【解析】根据文章第一段...struggled to come up with someone who they felt truly to listen to them.可知，人们很难找到真正倾听自己的人。从而可知，此处表示今天的人们发现很难找到一个真正的倾听者。故填listener。

72.【答案】early/earlier

【解析】根据文章第二段...which increases the risk of dying young.可知，此处表示它会增加孤独感，可能导致早逝。故填early/earlier。

73.【答案】involved/engaged

【解析】根据文章第三段的介绍可知，鼓励人们参与户外活动、志愿、聚餐等。从而可知，鼓励人们积极地参与各项活动。故填involved/engaged。

74.【答案】Focus/Concentrate

【解析】根据文章第四段It's also paying attention to how they say it and what they do while they are saying it, in what context, and how what they say resonates within you.可知，也要注意他们说话的方式，说话时他们做了什么，在什么语境下，以及他们的话如何在你心中产生共鸣。从而可知，此处表示既要关注演讲者，也要关注演讲内容。故填Focus/Concentrate。

75.【答案】openly/truly/willingly

【解析】根据文章第五段It starts with an openness and willingness to follow.可知，.要带着开放和愿意的态度来听他人的故事。此处修饰动词，用副词。故填 openly/truly/willingly。

76.【答案】explore

【解析】根据文章第六段The idea is to find out more about the speaker's point of view, not to influence it.可知，这样做是为了更多地了解演讲者的观点，而不是去影响它。故填explore。

77.【答案】defensive/reluctant/unwilling

【解析】根据文章第七段It makes people strongly defensive and is likely to reduce the conversation.可知，问隐私问题会导致对方产生强烈的自我保护感，或者他们会不愿意进行对话，故填defensive/reluctant/unwilling。

78.【答案】bridge/narrow

【解析】根据文章第八段内容可知，此处表示通过问一些广泛的问题来倾听别人，缩小差距，找到共同点。故填bridge/narrow。 

79.【答案】practice

【解析】根据文章第九段Listening is a skill...degrades if you don't do it enough.可知，倾听是一种技能，就像其他技能一样，如果你做得不够，它就会退化。从而可知，倾听是需要不断练习的一种技能。故填practice。

80.【答案】limit/restrict

【解析】根据文章第九To listen poorly, selectively, or not at all,will stop you from having a better understanding of the world.可知，错误地听，有选择地听，或者根本不听，都将阻碍你更好地理解这个世界。从而可知，糟糕的倾听限制你对世界的理解。故填limit/restrict。

第五部分 书面表达（满分25分）

81.请阅读下面文字，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。

【写作内容】

1.用约30个词概括上述信息的主要内容；

2.如果你是该校学生，你会报名参加风筝制作课程吗？请说明理由（不少于两点）。

【写作要求】

1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；

2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；

3.不必写标题。

【评分标准】

内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。

【官方范文】

Li Jiang and Su Hua are discussing the kite-making course to be opened in their school. Li is eager to attend it while Su is hesitant, worrying about his parents’ objection. 

I would be happy to sign up for the kite-making course if I were a student in the school. Making kites will enable us students to have a better understanding of its history, super craftsmanship and some special local culture, which helps to promote feelings of national identity. Besides, by making kites, we can cultivate innovation and acquire a lot of knowledge, ranging from structural designs to geometry. What’s more, considered as an artistic and group activity, not only can kite making enhance our ability of aesthetics appreciation, but also it can improve our skills for teamwork and collaboration.

 So with such a good platform to be provided for us, I definitely won’t miss out on this tremendous opportunity.