2022中考英语复习：常用动词惯用方法

常用动词习惯用法 allow sb to do sth 允许某人去做某事（后接动词不定式）My father allowed me to go out for a walk after finishing my homework.asked sb (not) to do sth  叫某人做事某事（叫某人不要去做某事）My father asked me to study hard.He asked me not to swim alone. be asked to do sth       被叫去做某事/被邀请去做某事 I was asked to have a dinner with them yesterday.be afraid to do sth     害怕做某事She is afraid to ask me questions.be afaid of doing sth   害怕做某事I am afraid of going out at night.be afaid of sth  害怕某物He is afraid of snakes.be amazed to do sth    对做某事感到惊讶He was amazed to meet the girl there.be amazed at sth       对某事感到惊讶they were amazed at the news.be busy doing/with sth  忙于做某事（常考）e.g: I was busy washing my car at that time. 那时候我正忙于清洗我的车子。   I am busy with my work.be coming/going/leaving/fiying/moving/dying（某些位移动词用进行时态时表将来）the bus is coming/the dog is dying.be excited to do sth  对做……感到兴奋     Jacky was excited to travel there by plane. be excited at sth   Lily was excited at his words. be excited about doing sth he was excited about passing the exam without going overing books.be frightened to do sth   害怕去做某事Sam is frightened to ride a horse.be glad/happy to do sth   高兴去做某事    she is happy to clean the blackboard with me.be pleased to do sth高兴做某事 she was pleased to help the old man yesterday. be pleased with sth       对某事感到高兴/满意 the teacher was pleased with my answer.be interested in sth/doing sth   对某事感兴趣/对做某事感兴趣 she is interested in swimming in the river.My btother is interested in Chinese. 13. be/get ready for/to do sth Be ready for sth   为某事做好了准备 We are ready for the exam.Be ready to do sth   为做某事做好了准备    We are ready to have a birthday party for her.get ready for sth为某事在做准备We are getting ready for the exam. get ready for sth  为做某事而做准备be sorry to do sth   对做某事感到抱歉      be surprised to do sth    对做某事感到惊奇 be surprised at sth       对某事感到惊奇be worth doing sth      值得做某事（worth 后接动词-ing形式，常考）begin to do sth begin/start to do/doing sth can/be able to afford (to buy) sth   有能力购买（供）……can/may/must do sth could/would/should/might do sth can’t wait to do sth    迫不急待地去做某事decide to do sth    决定去做某事   make up one’s mind to do sth   下决心去做某事（常考）make a decision to do sth    对做某事作出决定deserve to do sth    值得/应该做……encourage sb to do sth    鼓励某人去做某事enjoy doing sth     乐意去做某事expect (sb) to do sth   期望去做某事fail to do sth        做某事失败succeed doing sth   成功做了某事finish doing sth    做完某事（后接动词-ing形式）（常考）follow sb to do sth  跟随某人去做某事get sb to do sth make sb do sth let sb do sthget/have a chance to do sth   得到一个做某事的机会give/pass/show/lend/sell sb sth/sth to sb   buy/get/bring sb sth/sth for sb  go on to do sth  继续做事（常考）go on doing sth  继续做事（常考）hate to do/doing sth  讨厌/不喜欢做某事have fun doing sthhave problems doing sth   做某事遇到困难have sb do sth  have sth done have sth to do    工有事要做hear sb do sth     听到某人做某事（后接动词原形，常考）hear sb doing sth   听到某人正在做某事（常见）help to do sth           帮忙做某事 help sb (to) do sth        帮助某人做某事hope/wish to do sth      希望做某事wish sb to do sth         希望某人做某事I t seems that          这像是……（后接从句）seem to do sth seem +adj It’s + adj+(for sb) to do sth .  It’s+adj +(of sb) to do sthe.g: It’s glad for him to hear the news.It takes sb some time/money to do sth . 花费某人多长时间做某事（常考）pay …for…    cost     spend…on…..      it take …to do sthIt’s best for sb to do sth.  对某人来说做某事是最好的had better do sth  最好做某事（注意had没有时态和人称的变化，better后接动词原形）It’s time for sb to do sth   是某人做某事的时候了keep (on)doing sth   坚持做某事（常考） keep sb doing sth    让某人做某事（常考）keep sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事（常考） keep sb/sth +adj keep the book for 2 days 借这本书两天（不要用borrow或lend）learn to do sth    学做某事learn sth from sb   向某人学习like to do/doing sth 喜欢做某事like sb to do sth    喜欢某人做某事need to do sth             need doing sth/to be done    need sth     needn’t do sthprefer to do sth rather than do sth   宁愿……而不愿……（常考）prefer doing sth to doing sth 喜欢做……胜过做……e.g: I prefer reading books to going shopping. 比起购物来，我更爱读书。prefer to do sth    喜欢（爱）做某事refuse to do sth   拒绝做…… remember/forget to do sth   记得/忘记做某事remember/forget doing sth   记得/忘记做过某事see sb do sth       看见某人做某事（结果）see sb doing sth     看见某人正在做某事（正在进行中） be seen to do sth   做某事被看见something to eat/drink  一些吃/喝的东西（词不定式放在something等后修饰这些词）e.g: I need something to eat. 我要一些吃的东西。spend some time (in)doing sth /on sth   花费时间做某事（注意动词要用ing形式）（常考）spend some money on sth/doing sth     买……花了多少钱Sth is hard/difficult/easy to do .      做好某事很难/容易stop to do sth      停下来去某事（两件事）（常考）stop doing sth      停止做某事 （一件事）（常考）stop sb (from) doing sth    阻止某人做某事（常考）take turns to do sth     轮流做……tell sb (not) to do sth    叫某人去（不要）做某事 be told to do sth      被告知不要做某事There is no need (for sb) to do sth     对某人来说没必要做某事There is no time (for sb ) to do sth   have no time to do sth    没时间做某事too…(for sb) to …太……以致不能……   so… that…   not… enough to do     e.g: The boy is too young to go to school. 那男孩太小了以致不能上学。try/do one’s best to do sth    尽力去做某事 try to do sth    试着（图）做某事used to do sth  过去常做某事( used to be + adj/a +n)e.g: Mr wang used to be a teacher worker.  王先生过去是一位工人。    I used to live in the country.   过去我住在农村。want/would like to do sth      想做……want/would like sb to do sth    想某人做…… feel like doing sth  喜爱做某事（注意like后接动词ing形式）warn sb (not) to do sth  警告某人做某事（或不要做某事）Why don’t you do sth ? Why not do sth ?表示建议的句型还有：What How about……?（如果是动词，要用ing形式）Shall we……?Would you like (sb) to do sth ?Yes, I’d love to .Would you mind doing sth ? 你介意做某事吗？Never mind/Not at all/of course not/certainly not . （从不介意/一点也不介意/当然不会了）Would you please (not) do sth     你可不可以不做……？finish doing sth     enjoy doing sth      practise doing sth      be good at doing sth   be good at doing sth      thank you for doing sth     stop doing sth    be good at doing sth   give up doing sth      mind doing sth     stop sb from doing sth     go on doing sth   be busy doing sth     see/hear/watch sb doing sth    feel like doing sth   hate doing sth    like doing sth    do well in doing sth    be afraid of doing sth    be interested in doing sth    make a contribution to sth/doing sth  非延续性动词(终止性动词)1.buy---have(has)had     2.borrow---have(has)kept    3.leave---have(has)been away4.go ---have(has)been away/in…      5.come ---have(has)here/in… 6.die ---have(has)been dead       7.join---have(has)been a member of/in…8.begin---have(has)on       8.stop---have(has)been overexample: 他的狗死了3天了.:  His dog has been dead for three days.   It is three days since his dog died.    His dog died three days ago.感官动词:(主动语态不带to)1.hear/see/watch sb do sth 或 2. hear/see/watch sb doing sthWe often hear him sing the song.I saw him swimming in the river just now.被动语态带to:He is often heard to sing the song.   役使动词: (主动语态不带to) make/let sb do sth.His father often makes him do this and that.     被动语态带to:He is often made to do this and that by his father.延续性动词与非延续性动词及其转换    动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。    一.延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。    表示时间段的短语有:for+一段时间,for 2 years; since从句,since he came here; since+时间点名词,since last year, since 5 days ago; how long; for a long time等。    例:He has lived here for 6 years.  You can keep the book for 5 days. I stayed there for 2 weeks last year.  How long did you stay there last year?    二.非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。 如:open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy等。非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用，如：two years ago; at 5 o'clock;例:He died 5 years ago.    否定的终止性动词可以与表示时间段的时间状语连用。例:I haven't left here for 3 years. I haven't heard from him for 3 weeks.三.延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换：leave --- be away, borrow --- keep, buy --- have,   begin/start --- be on,   die --- be dead,  finish --- be over,  join --- be in+组织机构, be a member of+组织机构,  open sth --- keep sth open,  fall ill ---  be ill,  get up---be up,   catch a cold --- have a cold,  come here --- be here, go there --- be there,   become --- be,   come back --- be back,  fall asleep --- be asleep,  get to/ arrive/reach --- be (in),  leave --- be away from,  get to know --- know, go (get) out →be out，  put on→ wear；catch a cold →have a cold等。   例:The old man died 4 years ago.  ----The old man has been dead for 4 years.    ---- It is 4 years since the old man died.  ----Four years has passed since the old man died.       He joined the Party 2 years ago.   -----He has been in the Party for 2 years.      I bought the book 5 days ago.  ---- I have had the book for 5 days. 补充练习：When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus ________ for 20 minutes.A. has left    B. had left   C. has been away     D. had been away2. I ______ the League for 5 years so far.   A. joined    B. have joined   C. have been inThe factory ________ since the February of 1988.   A . has been open  B. has opened   C. was open   D. openedMary and Rose _______friends since they met in 2000.   A. have made  B. have been  C. made    D. have become5.You mustn't ________ until he comes back.     A. be away   B. leave   C. be left6.The meeting  _______ for a week now.  A. has finished   B. has ended  C. has been over7.Miss Gao ______ this school for nearly 5 years.  A. has been in  B. has come to  C. has taught8.Ben ______ a teacher for 4 years .  A. has been  B. has become  C. was    D. became9. I ______ home for a week.    A. have returned   B. have been back   C. returned10. How long _______ he ________ ?  A. died    B. has, died   C. has, been dead11. He ______ at eight yesterday afternoon.A. slept    B. was sleeping   C. has sleep   D. had slept12.He ________ the car for a week.   A. bought    B. has bought   C. has had  13.-----How long _____ you _____ ill ? -----Two weeks.  A. did fall   B. have, fell  C. have, been14.Since 2000, he _____ his hometown.  A. has left   B. has moved away   C. has been away from15.I'll lend you the book , but you can only _____ it for 2 days.  A. borrow   B. keep   C. take16.The bus ______ on the road for 2 hours so far.   A. has stopped   B. stopped   C. has been17.Are you _____ the jacket these days?     A. wearing    B. putting on  C. dressing   D. on18.He ________ foe 2 hours.  A. got up   B.  has got up    C. has been up19. Tom is ill in hospital. He _______ a cold for several days. A. is      B. catches   C. has caught    D. has had20.----- How long can I ______ the book?    ------ Two weeks.A. borrow    B. lend   C. get    D. keep Key:1---5 D C A B B;  6---10 C A A B C;   11---15 B C C C B;   16---20 C A C D D宾语从句 专项练习Ⅰ .选择正确答案完成下列宾语从句。(  D )1 .The children said         they        themselves very much .A .if ,enjoy B .why ,enjoyed C .what ,enjoy D .that ,enjoyed(  C )2 .I don’t think        I        out the problem .A .if , can work B .how , will work C .that , can work D .when , will work(  A )3 .She is afraid担心         he       cold at night .be afraid that…担心……be afraid of……害怕……catch cold感冒 have a cold 感冒（一种状态）A .that , will catch B .that , catches C .whether , will catch D .if , catches(  B )4 .We are sure(肯定的)        he         to speak French（法语） well .Sure/certain 肯定的。be sure/certain that……I’m sure(certain) that he will come tonight.A .that , learned B .that , has learned C .if , learned D .if ,has learned( C  )5 .The boy asked        I        any noise(噪音) from outside .Whether……(or not )是否 whether =if.A .when , heard B .why , had heard C .whether(=if) , had heard(hear听见)  D .what ,heard( D  )6 .Who can tell us        about over there ?在宾语从句中，从句中要用陈述语序。A .what they talk B .what do they talk C .what are they talking D .what they are talking( A )7 .We couldn’t find out（找出）          ,so we asked a policeman .对谁的某样东西提问，句式：whose cat is it?变为陈述语序：whose cat it is.A .whose bike it was B .whose bike was it C .whose it was bike D .whose was it bike(  C )8 .Do you know         take to get to the hospital ?get to ，  arrive at/in  ，reach  +地点 表示到达对哪一个提问，句式：which book is it?变为陈述句：which book it is.A .which way must we B .which must we way C .which way we must D .which we must way(  D )9 .Tom asked         to school late .A .who did often come B .who often did come C .who often come D .who often came(  B )10 .I don’t remember          the boy by himself .leave sb. by oneself.留下某人，使他独自一人A .why did she leave B .why she left C .why had she left D .why she had left(  A)11 .Have you forgotten（忘记）         when he died ?A .how old he was B .how old was he C .what did he say D .what he did say对某人年龄提问：how old are you?(  c )12 .Nobody knows        to visit our school .A .when will he come B .when does he come C .when he will come D .when he does come(  D )13 .Please tell us          to the science museum(科学博物馆) .A .how can we reach B .how we can reach C .how can we get D .how we can get(  A )14 .Don’t you believe       to the moon by spaceship ?Don’t you know/believe 难道你不知道/相信A .that man did fly B .how did man fly C .if man fly D .whether man fly(  B )15 .I don’t know         .对某人怎么了提问：What’s the matter with sb? 某人怎么了？陈述语序：what the matter is with sb.A .what is the matter with him   B .what the matter is with himC .what with him the matter is   D .what the matter with him is( A )16 .He doesn’t tell me if he        .If he        .I’ll telephone (打电话给……)you .A .will come , comes B .will come , will come C .comes , will come D .comes , comesⅡ .选择括号内正确的关联词语填空。(  A )1 .I wonder(奇怪)        he asked such a silly （愚蠢的）question in public .A .how B .why(  A )2 .       (do you think你认为) will teach us maths next term ?A .Who B.Whom( A  )3 .Are you sure        ?A .that she is honest  B .she is honest( A  )4 .He        you are not going to Shanghai .A .is surprised（惊奇的） that B .surprised that(  A )5 .He often thinks of （想）       he can do for all the others .A .what B .which(  A )6 .He made        he wouldn’t change his mind .Change one’s mind  改变某人的主意make it (quite )clear that 清楚的表明……A it quite clear that B .that quite clear(  B )7 .I don’t think        .A .it that he came to the concert trueB .it true(真的) that he came to the concert（音乐会）( B)8 .Do you know what time        ?A .begins the football matchB .the football match begins( B  )9 .Ask him how much        .A .it cost B .it costedHow much 1对价格提问，2对不可数名词的数量提问。How many对可数名词数量提问(  B )10 .She asked me        to build the hospital .It takes sb. Some time to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少时间。例It takes me 2 hours to do the homework.Sb. Spend(花费) some time (in) doing sth./on sth.例I spend 2 hours doing my homework/on my homework.How long 对时间长短提问。How long does it take to do ?A .how long it was taken B .how long it had taken(A )11 .Tom killed (杀)the dog .I’ll ask him why        .A .he did that B .did he do that( B  )12 .Please tell me where        from .A .do you come B .you come(  B )13 .In the story(故事) he wrote down        .A .what had been happened B .what had happened to him(  A )14 .He told me that I        better take a taxi .A .had  B .should have  Had better do sth. 最好做某事……(  A )15 .I want to know who        painting .A .likes  B .like(  B)16 .Father asked        .A .what was wrong with me B .what wrong is with me(  B )17 .He asked me if       .A .the train will arrive lately(最新的)B .the train always arrived late（迟到）