2021届河北衡水高三英语新高考语法复习讲义考点（十九）动名词（真题讲解+知识总结）

这是一份2021届河北衡水高三英语新高考语法复习讲义考点（十九）动名词（真题讲解+知识总结），共12页。
课堂真题讲解
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1． Yu may drink, smke, be verweight and still reduce yur risk f ________ (die) early by running.
2． I quickly lwer myself, ducking my head t avid ________ (lk) directly int his eyes s he desn't feel challenged.
3． I still remember ________ (visit) a friend wh'd lived here fr five years and I was shcked when I learnt she hadn't cked nce in all that time.
4． Fast fd is full f fat and salt; by ________ (eat) mre fast fd peple will get mre salt and fat than they need in their diet.
5． But unlike her schl friends, 16yearld Sarah is nt spending halfterm ________ (rest)．
Still, the by kept ________ (ride)．
解析：dying 此处作介词f的宾语，且后有副词early作状语，故填动词die的动名词形式dying。
解析：lking avid后接动名词形式作宾语，故填lking。
解析：visiting remember ding sth.“记得做过某事”，为固定搭配。
解析：eating by在此处表示“通过”，是介词，后面接动名词形式作宾语。
解析：resting spend time (in) ding sth.为固定搭配。
解析：riding keep后接动名词作宾语，keep ding sth.意为“继续做某事”。
Ⅱ.单句改错
1． My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lt by sell the fish.________________
解析：sell→selling 动词sell在介词by后作宾语，故使用其动名词形式。
2． We can chse between staying at hme and take a trip.________________
解析：take→taking 此处为between ... and ... 结构，根据前面的“staying at hme”可知，此处也要用动名词形式，与前面保持一致。
3． I shwed them I was independent by wear strange clthes.________________
解析：wear→wearing 此处用动名词作介词by的宾语。
课后知识总结
[谨记规则]
动名词是由动词ing形式构成的，它在句中起名词作用。
(一)动名词的句法功能
1．作主语
动名词短语作主语时，有时用it作形式主语。
Hearing hw thers react t the bk yu have just read creates an added pleasure.
听别人对你刚读过的这本书的反应会带来额外的乐趣。
It is wrth making an appintment befre yu g.
去之前预约一下是值得的。
[知识拓展] 下面句型中常用动名词作主语：
It is/was a waste (f ...)/n use/n gd ding sth.
2．作表语
动名词作表语表示通常的情况，多指抽象的、经常性的动作，句子主语通常是无生命的事物或由what引导的名词性从句。
My jb is teaching yu English.我的工作是教你们英语。
3．作宾语
(1)下列动词(短语)只能用动名词作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀：
He tried t avid answering my questins.
他试图对我的问题避而不答。
(2)由“动词＋介词”构成的短语，其后跟动名词作宾语，常见的有be/get used t (习惯于), lk frward t (期盼), feel like (想要), insist n (坚持), get dwn t (开始认真做某事), devte ... t ... (致力于……), bject t (反对), stick t (坚持), give up (放弃)等。
It's time I gt dwn t thinking abut that essay.
我该认真思考一下那篇论文了。
(3)下列动词或词组既可以接动名词作宾语，也可以接不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别：
4．作定语
(1)动名词可置于名词前作定语，表示被修饰的名词的用途、性能或目的。
a walking stick＝a stick fr walking 手杖
a sleeping car＝a car fr sleeping 卧铺车
(2)表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可以表示经常性的动作或状态。
Jhn is a prmising yung man.
约翰是一个有前途的年轻人。
(二)动名词的时态和语态
D yu like playing chess？你喜欢下棋吗？
She was pleased that the teacher wasn't angry with her fr her having been s rude.
她很高兴老师没有因为她的无礼而生气。
语法填空解题“3策略”
1．分析非谓语动词发生的时间以及非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的关系
(1)若非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是主谓关系， 且正在进行，要想到用现在分词形式(ding)；
(2)若非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是动宾关系，且表完成， 要想到用过去分词形式(dne);
(3)若非谓语动词表将来的动作，或作目的状语，或跟在表示喜怒哀乐的形容词后表示原因或意料之外的结果等， 要想到用不定式形式(t d)。
2．掌握非谓语动词的固定句式结构
(1)It's＋形容词＋(fr/f sb.＋)t d sth.；
(2)It's n gd/use/pleasure ding sth.；
(3)find/think/believe/cnsider＋it＋adj.＋t d sth.；
(4)be likely t d sth.很可能做某事。
3．牢记后跟非谓语动词的特定动词
(1)牢记用动名词或不定式作宾语的动词；
(2)牢记用动词不定式或分词作补足语的动词。
据第1条解题
1．Accrding t the study, when----- (face) with the new challenges, fast walkers are mre likely t be active while quiet peple tend t walk mre slwly.
2．The hbby ----- (select) by teens depends upn their free time.
3．Last summer I was lucky ------(spend) a cuple f days in this city and I just fell in lve with its narrw paved streets and neat beautiful huse!
4．When his father discvered his sn practising n a vilin ne day, he gave him a beating,----- (say) that he was ging t beat the music ut f the by.
参考答案：Faced、selected、t_spend、 saying
据第2条解题
5．It is cmmn -----(find) this type f petry, calligraphy art, hanging in peple's hmes.
6．Peple with psitive attitude are mre likely _------(succeed) than thse with negative attitude.
7．Everyne in ur class is wrking hard and ding what we culd ----- (enter) a gd university.
_t_find 、t_succeed 、t_enter
据第3条解题
8．Last year, scientists saw sme mnkeys ----(rub) themselves with a certain kind f insects t_prtect (prtect) themselves frm fierce msquites biting.
9．The Old Twn is definitely wrthy ------ (see)．
10．S, what kinds f fd d yu avid-----(eat)?
rubbing 、_t_be_seen、 eating
短文改错解题“2视角”
1．从非谓语动词构成角度检查
(1)检查是否该有不定式符号t;
(2)检查动名词或分词是否正确。
2．从非谓语动词用法角度检查
(1)检查介词后的非谓语动词是否正确；
(2)检查并列结构中非谓语动词形式是否一致；
(3)检查作主语、宾语或宾补的非谓语动词形式是否合适；
(4)检查作状语的分词表示主动还是被动。
据第1条解题
1．In additin, cmmunicate with ur teachers and classmates is als a gd way.
2．Last evening he used it take his cusin ut fr ice cream.
3．He hpes create an envirnment fr his students that is much mre relaxing than the ne he used t study in.
参考答案：cmmunicate→cmmunicating、hpes后加t、_take前加t、
据第2条解题
After that, I swre I must learn English well, especially spken English, and never make that embarrassing thing happening again.
I'd like wrk fr yu because I care a lt abut presently affairs.
6．T her surprise, the pr ld man was sitting n the flr with the palm f his hand bleed.
Arrived hme, I almst frgt my tiredness.
8．Yesterday mrning I was determined t giving her a hand and d sme washing.
Mst high schl students want t get int famus universities and they spend mst f their time review lessns.
10．Learning this news, I am really willing t travel with yu and intrducing Xi'an t yu.
参考答案： happening→happen、like后加t、bleed→bleeding、Arrived→Arriving
giving→give、 review→reviewing、intrducing→intrduce
Ⅰ.语法填空
Turism is an effective way t prmte pepletpeple cmmunicatin and cultural exchange. Guangdng Prvince, an imprtant player f the natinal strategy, has advantages in further prmting turism __1__ (cperate) with the 21st century maritime (海上的) Silk Rad cuntries and regins.
First f all, Guangdng prbably had the mst f verseas Chinese ppulatin wh __2__ (immigrate) t freign cuntries several centuries ag.Official figures indicate that the ppulatin f verseas Chinese in the prvince __3__ (reach) ver 10 millin in the Sutheast Asian cuntries.
Secnd，Guangdng played __4__ imprtant rle in the cuntry's ancient maritime Silk Rad.And Guangdng experienced its peak f ancient maritime trade in the Qing Dynasty，__5__ (trade) nt nly with Sutheast Asian cuntries, but als cuntries f Eurpe, Nrth America and the Oceania.
Third, Guangdng is ne f the __6__ (large) turism destinatins and turist __7__ (surce) in the cuntry.In 2014, the prvince had mre than 326 millin vernight stays，f __8__ mre than 33.55 millin vernight stays __9__ (make) by turists frm freign cuntries.Its prfit frm turism increased 12 percent yearnyear.
There is n denying that the prvince is f great __10__ (significant) t the turism develpment in China.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章谈论了广东省具有的海上贸易优势，以及其对海上丝绸之路上的国家和地区的旅游合作的推动作用。
1．cperatin 考查词性转换。所填词作prmting的宾语，应用名词形式cperatin。此处指推动旅游业的合作。
2．immigrated 考查动词的时态。由句中的时间状语several centuries ag为一般过去时的时间状语标志词可知，此处应填动词的过去式immigrated。
3．reaches 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此处描述现在的情况，应用一般现在时，主语为the ppulatin f verseas Chinese，是单数概念，故此处动词应用第三人称单数形式reaches。
4．an 考查冠词。play an imprtant rle in“在……中起重要作用”，为固定搭配。
5．trading 考查非谓语动词。本句中已有谓语动词experienced，且两个动词之间没有连词连接，因此所填词为非谓语动词，trade与其逻辑主语Guangdng之间为主谓关系，因此用现在分词trading。
6．largest 考查形容词最高级。此处为“ne f＋the＋形容词最高级＋名词复数”的固定结构。
7．surces 考查名词复数。由于and连接的两个并列的名词在形式上应保持一致，根据前面的名词destinatins可知，这里应用名词的复数形式surces。
8．which 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处为“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，先行词为326 millin vernight stays，所以用which引导。
9．were made 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子成分可知，所填词在定语从句中作谓语。旅客逗留的时间是2014年，故应用一般过去时；且主语stays和动词make之间为被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态；又因主语stays为复数形式，故填were made。
10．significance 考查词性转换。此处位于be f后，所以应用名词形式，故填significance。
Ⅱ.短文改错
This mrning, ur schl held a fire drill. We were listening t ur teacher careful in the math class while we heard the fire alarm frm the speaker n the wall. The teachers stpped teaching immediately and instructing us t exit the classrm in rder. When get int the passageway, we fund us surrunded by smke. It was chking us and ur tears ran dwn. We bent dwn, cvered ur muths with handkerchiefs, and ran dwnstairs rapidly int the pen air in the playgrund, just as we had taught befre. When we cme back t ur classrm, each f us gave a summary f this fire drill. I think the fire disasters ften happen, s we shuld knw the tips t escape frm a fire fr case f emergency.
答案：第二句：careful→carefully; while→when
第三句：teachers→teacher; instructing→instructed
第四句：get→getting; us→urselves
第六句：had 后加been
第七句：cme→came
第八句：去掉第一个the; fr→in
考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想
cnsider, suggest/advise, lk frward t, excuse/pardn;
admit, delay/put ff, fancy
避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏
avid, miss, keep/keep n, practice; deny, finish, enjy/appreciate
禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡
frbid, imagine, risk; can't help (禁不住), mind, allw/permit, escape
形式
意义
主动语态
被动语态
一般式
与谓语动词的动作同时或稍后发生
ding
being dne
完成式
先于谓语动词的动作完成
having dne
having been
dne