2021届河北衡水高三英语新高考语法复习讲义考点（二十三）完成时语态体（含语法填空短文改错真题讲解+知识总结）

这是一份2021届河北衡水高三英语新高考语法复习讲义考点（二十三）完成时语态体（含语法填空短文改错真题讲解+知识总结），共7页。
课堂真题讲解
单句语法填空/单句改错
1． Diets have changed in China — and s t has its tp crp. Since 2011, the cuntry ________ (grw) mre crn than rice.
2． China's high speed railways ______ (grw)frm 9,000 t 25,000 kilmeters in the past few years.
3． Hpefully in 2025 we will n lnger be emailing each ther, fr we ________ (develp) mre cnvenient electrnic cmmunicatin tls by then.
4．I had grwn nt nly physically, but als mentally in the past few years.________________
解析：has grwn 由时间状语Since 2011可知此处语境表示的是从过去的某个时间开始，一直持续到现在，故用现在完成时。且主语the cuntry 是第三人称单数名词，故填has grwn。
解析：have grwn 句意：在过去的几年，中国的高铁已从9 000千米延长到25 000千米。“during/ver/in the past/last＋时间段”作状语，句子应用现在完成时态。
解析：will have develped 句意：我们有望在2025年的时候不再互相发电子邮件了，因为那时我们已经开发出更方便的电子通讯工具了。2025年为将来的时间，由by then可知要用将来完成时。
解析：had→have 根据时间状语“in the past few years”可知，本句应该使用现在完成时。
课后知识总结
[谨记规则]
(一)现在完成时
1．表示过去发生且已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。注意这时说话者说话的重心在过去的事情对现在造成的影响上。其构成是“have/has dne”，常用的时间状语有：already, just (刚刚), yet, befre等。
I have already seen the film.我已经看过那部电影了。
2．表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在，也许还将持续下去的动作或状态。常用的状语有：lately, recently, in the last/past few days/years(在过去的几天/年里)，since then, up t nw, s far (至今)等。
In the past few years, many new railways have been laid dwn.在过去的几年里修建了许多新铁路。
3．在“最高级＋名词”或“It/This is/will be＋the first/secnd ... time”之后的定语从句中，谓语动词用现在完成时。
This is the first time (that) I have cme here.
这是我第一次来这里。
4．瞬间动词又叫非延续性动词、终止性动词。瞬间动词可以用于完成时态，但不可以接表示一段时间的状语；若要接表示一段时间的状语，需要做一些相应的变换。
He has cme t Beijing since last year.(×)
He has lived in Beijing since last year.(√)
部分非延续性动词(短语)和延续性动词(短语)之间的转换：
买buy→have 借brrw→keep
结婚get married→be married 认识get t knw→knw
离开leave→be away 回来cme back→be back
生病fall ill→be ill 死亡die→be dead
关闭turn ff→be ff 打开turn n→be n
动身leave fr→be ff t 变成becme→be
返回return→be back 开始begin→be n
睡觉g t bed→sleep 穿put n→have n/wear
来/去cme/g→be in/away 参加jin→be a member f
感冒take/get/catch a cld→have a cld
入睡g t sleep→be asleep
到达get t/arrive in (at)/reach→be in/stay
(二)过去完成时
1．过去完成时表示过去某一时间或动作前已完成的动作或存在的状态(即表示“过去的过去”)。其构成是“had dne”。
He said that he had been abrad fr 3 years.
他说他在国外待了三年了。
2．表示过去某一时间的动作或状态持续到过去的另一时间，还可能持续下去，常用的时间状语有：by/until/befre/by the end f＋“表示过去的某一时间”。
By then he had learned English fr 3 years.
到那时，他已学了三年英语了。
3．表示愿望、打算的词，如：hpe, expect, mean, intend, want, suppse等，其过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望或意图。
I had hped t see mre f Shanghai.
我本希望在上海多看看。(但未能如愿)
4．用于某些固定句型中：
(1)Hardly/Scarcely/Rarely ... when ...和N sner ... than ...句型中， when和than从句里用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时，且用倒装，表示“刚刚……就……”。
Hardly/N sner had I gt hme when/than the rain pured dwn.我刚到家，大雨就倾盆而下。
(2)It was/had been＋一段时间＋since从句。since 从句的谓语用过去完成时。
It was ten years since we had had such a wnderful time.
我们有10年没这么高兴过了。
(3)That/It/This was the first/secnd ... time＋that从句。that 从句的谓语要用过去完成时。
It was the third time (that) he had left the key at hme.
那是他第三次把钥匙落在家里了。
That was the first time that I had passed the exam.
那是我第一次考试及格。
(三)将来完成时
将来完成时表示到将来某一时间，某一动作将会完成。其构成是“will have dne”。常用的时间状语为“by＋将来的某个时间”。
By this time f next year, all f yu will have becme cllege students.到明年的这个时候，你们就都成为大学生了。
短文改错解题“2关注”
1．关注时态——“5个根据”定时态
(1)根据语篇和上下文整体把握时态；
(2)根据时间状语判断时态；
(3)根据并列连词连接成分的对称原则辨清时态；
(4)根据主句谓语识别从句时态：在复合句中，主句用一般现在时，从句可根据需要用各种时态；主句用一般过去时，从句用过去的某种时态；
(5)根据固定句式结构判断时态。
2．关注语态——根据主语与谓语动词的逻辑关系判断语态
据第1条解题
But a few minutes later, I refresh myself.
2．As lng as we made ur effrts, we can achieve success！
Many f the students feel strngly against the rule, arguing that the mbile had becme a necessary part f ur life.
4．I knew that they will be wrried abut me because I was s far away, and that my mther wuld nt sleep if she knew.
据第2条解题
When my English teacher tld me that I had chsen as a cmpetitr, I devted myself t the preparatin
6．I still remember the sup made by my grandmther was tasted s delicius that the whle family enjyed it.
7．They are living with their parents fr the mment because their wn huse is rebuilt._
8．When yu get the paper back, pay special attentin t what have marked.
参考答案：has_been_extended、made→make、had→has、will→wuld
.had后加been、去掉was、is后加being、 have后加been
Ⅱ.短文改错
I came back frm Britain last week. He was lucky enugh t be ne f the students frm different cuntry t visit the UK frm February 16 t 28. We paid a visit t a gd many f places, like Lndn, Oxfrd r the Lake District. I learned much abut British culture and histry in Lndn, that was my favrite. I als liked Oxfrd, where I saw much ld buildings. The Lake District was beautiful, but it was pity that it was raining heavy when we were there. The mst excited thing fr me in Britain was that I make a lt f friends there.
答案：第二句：He→I; cuntry→cuntries
第三句：去掉f; r→and
第四句：that→which
第五句：much→many
第六句：pity前加a; heavy→heavily
第七句：excited→exciting; make→made